Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:15:11 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0000802 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Pterin |
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Description | Pterin, also known as 4-oxopterin or pteridoxamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pterins and derivatives. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a pterin moiety, which consist of a pteridine ring bearing a ketone and an amine group to form 2-aminopteridin-4(3H)-one. Pterin exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, pterin is involved in the caffeine metabolism pathway. Pterin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within soy beans (Glycine max). Pterin has also been detected, but not quantified in, a few different foods, such as anatidaes (Anatidae), chickens (Gallus gallus), and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica). This could make pterin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Pterin is a primary metabolite. Primary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically essential metabolites. They are directly involved in an organism’s growth, development or reproduction. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Pterin. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C6H5N5O/c7-6-10-4-3(5(12)11-6)8-1-2-9-4/h1-2H,(H3,7,9,10,11,12) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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2-Amino-4-hydroxypteridine | ChEBI | 2-Amino-4-oxopteridine | Kegg | 2-Amino-1H-pteridin-4-one | HMDB | 2-Amino-3H-pteridin-4-one | HMDB | 2-Amino-4(1H)-pteridinone | HMDB | 2-Amino-4(3H)-pteridinone | HMDB | 2-Amino-4-pteridinol | HMDB | 2-Amino-4-pteridone | HMDB | 2-Amino-quinonoid dihydropterin | HMDB | 2-Aminopteridin-4-one | HMDB | 4-oxo-2-Aminopteridine | HMDB | 4-Oxopterin | HMDB | Pteridoxamine | HMDB | Pterine | HMDB | 2-Amino-4-hydroxyaminopteridine | HMDB | AHAPT | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C6H5N5O |
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Average Molecular Weight | 163.1368 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 163.049409807 |
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IUPAC Name | 2-amino-3,4-dihydropteridin-4-one |
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Traditional Name | 2-amino-4-oxopteridine |
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CAS Registry Number | 2236-60-4 |
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SMILES | NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H5N5O/c7-6-10-4-3(5(12)11-6)8-1-2-9-4/h1-2H,(H3,7,9,10,11,12) |
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InChI Key | HNXQXTQTPAJEJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pterins and derivatives. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a pterin moiety, which consist of a pteridine ring bearing a ketone and an amine group to form 2-aminopteridin-4(3H)-one. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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Class | Pteridines and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Pterins and derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Pterins and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Pterin
- Aminopyrimidine
- Pyrimidone
- Pyrazine
- Pyrimidine
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Vinylogous amide
- Azacycle
- Amine
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Primary amine
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 0.18 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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Pterin,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)[NH]1 | 2061.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)[NH]1 | 2104.0 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)[NH]1 | 3211.3 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Pterin,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)N1C(N)=NC2=NC=CN=C2C1=O | 1977.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)N1C(N)=NC2=NC=CN=C2C1=O | 2010.8 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)N1C(N)=NC2=NC=CN=C2C1=O | 3225.0 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Pterin,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)[NH]1)[Si](C)(C)C | 1885.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)[NH]1)[Si](C)(C)C | 2069.8 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)[NH]1)[Si](C)(C)C | 3005.6 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Pterin,2TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C | 1956.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,2TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C | 2086.3 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,2TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C | 2970.4 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Pterin,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 1979.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 2127.7 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,3TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 2721.5 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Pterin,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)[NH]1 | 2257.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)[NH]1 | 2222.2 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)[NH]1 | 3285.9 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Pterin,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(N)=NC2=NC=CN=C2C1=O | 2193.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(N)=NC2=NC=CN=C2C1=O | 2190.9 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(N)=NC2=NC=CN=C2C1=O | 3238.7 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Pterin,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)[NH]1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2303.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)[NH]1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2431.7 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)[NH]1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 3038.9 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Pterin,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2329.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2428.0 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 3028.5 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Pterin,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2517.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2736.4 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Pterin,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2893.1 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pterin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-03di-3900000000-e0c5aa11edc5408b2afd | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pterin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Pterin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-03di-0900000000-815f9d4247cb9067f9fb | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-014l-5900000000-6bd37ba7d9f26d33ffd5 | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-014l-9100000000-b809a46cbde852be02de | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin , positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-71eab96d7f1dfed51963 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-1900000000-36d14ee4f35692f07bee | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 35V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-7d6238777a46df27af01 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-066u-9000000000-289c0930b78dd1447e10 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-066r-4900000000-8c47f8f3ca753ec1cf6f | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0aor-9300000000-938f26c8bed8f1edc185 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-3900000000-ca751d8c09c98e0c9d3d | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 35V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-a67b522aa27e6f75f46e | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-ad3fade684bdebfb41e3 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-f1eb4d0b367f209bc766 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-a250d1c9d32e286b29f6 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0007-9300000000-190579d7d5ba6d0c14c5 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-4005b83e558e2b0c5772 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-a4698cb941c94fd08799 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00kf-9000000000-8ed28777d0de229aa6a3 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-99937f8026369fb0e183 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03xr-2900000000-41450f7664125a38cc97 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00kf-9000000000-5a06c4c35a067e936a16 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-0dba7b98ddf974fcc10c | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-0900000000-ba39f053d7d33e17ee00 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Pterin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9100000000-7334fbd934d9e46491f7 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-29 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, 100%_DMSO, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | |
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | - Epidermis
- Fibroblasts
- Liver
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Cancer patients undergoing total body irradiation | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Cancer patients undergoing total body irradiation | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Colorectal cancer |
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- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB005613 |
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KNApSAcK ID | C00003101 |
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Chemspider ID | 65806 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C00715 |
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BioCyc ID | 2-AMINO-4-HYDROXYPTERIDINE |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Pterin |
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METLIN ID | 5766 |
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PubChem Compound | 73000 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 18265 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | rw1279311 |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Taylor, Edward C.; Kobylecki, Ryszard. Pteridines. 43. A facile synthesis of 6-chloropterin and 2,4-diamino-6-chloropteridine. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1978), 43(4), 680-3. |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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General References | - Bonafe L, Thony B, Penzien JM, Czarnecki B, Blau N: Mutations in the sepiapterin reductase gene cause a novel tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent monoamine-neurotransmitter deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Aug;69(2):269-77. Epub 2001 Jul 6. [PubMed:11443547 ]
- Dhondt JL, Cotton RG, Danks DM: Liver enzyme activities in hyperphenylalaninaemia due to a defective synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1985;8(2):47-8. [PubMed:3939528 ]
- Kaufman S, Kapatos G, Rizzo WB, Schulman JD, Tamarkin L, Van Loon GR: Tetrahydropterin therapy for hyperphenylalaninemia caused by defective synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin. Ann Neurol. 1983 Sep;14(3):308-15. [PubMed:6139056 ]
- Katoh S, Sueoka T, Matsuura S, Sugimoto T: Biopterin and neopterin in human saliva. Life Sci. 1989;45(26):2561-8. [PubMed:2615555 ]
- Dhondt JL, Tilmont P, Ringel J, Farriaux JP: Pterins analysis in amniotic fluid for the prenatal diagnosis of GTP cyclohydrolase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1990;13(6):879-82. [PubMed:2079836 ]
- Bonafe L, Thony B, Leimbacher W, Kierat L, Blau N: Diagnosis of dopa-responsive dystonia and other tetrahydrobiopterin disorders by the study of biopterin metabolism in fibroblasts. Clin Chem. 2001 Mar;47(3):477-85. [PubMed:11238300 ]
- Krumdieck CL, Fukushima K, Fukushima T, Shiota T, Butterworth CE Jr: A long-term study of the excretion of folate and pterins in a human subject after ingestion of 14C folic acid, with observations on the effect of diphenylhydantoin administration. Am J Clin Nutr. 1978 Jan;31(1):88-93. [PubMed:413430 ]
- Han F, Huynh BH, Shi H, Lin B, Ma Y: Pteridine analysis in urine by capillary electrophoresis using laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Chem. 1999 Apr 1;71(7):1265-9. [PubMed:10204031 ]
- Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Takahashi S, Tsutsumi Z, Yamakita J, Nasako Y, Hiroishi K, Higashino K: Determination of human plasma xanthine oxidase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1996 Jun 7;681(2):395-400. [PubMed:8811453 ]
- Beckman JS, Parks DA, Pearson JD, Marshall PA, Freeman BA: A sensitive fluorometric assay for measuring xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase in tissues. Free Radic Biol Med. 1989;6(6):607-15. [PubMed:2753392 ]
- Gordon JH, Perry KO: Pre- and postsynaptic neurochemical alterations following estrogen-induced striatal dopamine hypo- and hypersensitivity. Brain Res Bull. 1983 Apr;10(4):425-8. [PubMed:6134572 ]
- Stupperich E: Recent advances in elucidation of biological corrinoid functions. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1993 Nov;12(4):349-65. [PubMed:8268006 ]
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