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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Normetanephrine (HMDB00819)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-05-05 20:58:16
Accession Number HMDB00819
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Normetanephrine
Description A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.
Synonyms
  1. (+/-)-Normetanephrine
  2. (+/-)-alpha-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-Benzenemethanol
  3. 3-O-methyl-Noradrenaline
  4. 3-methoxy-Noradrenaline
  5. 4-(2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
  6. L-Normetanephrine
  7. N111
  8. Normetadrenaline
  9. O-Methylnoradrenaline
  10. alpha-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-Benzenemethanol
  11. dl-N-Normetanephrine
  12. dl-Normetanephrine
  13. m-O-Methylnorepinephrine
Chemical IUPAC Name 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
Chemical Formula C9H13NO3
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Alcohols
Class
  • Catecholamines and Derivatives
Sub Class
  • Epinephrines
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • secondary alcohol
  • 1,2-aminoalcohol
  • phenol or hydroxyhetarene
  • alkyl aryl ether
  • primary amine
  • primary aliphatic amine (alkylamine)
  • aromatic compound
Biofunction
—
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 183.204
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 183.089539
Isomeric SMILES COC1=CC(=CC=C1O)C(O)CN
Canonical SMILES COC1=CC(=CC=C1O)C(O)CN
KEGG Compound ID C05589 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
BiGG ID 46080 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Normetanephrine Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00819 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00819 Link Image
METLIN ID 66 Link Image
PubChem Compound 1237 Link Image
PubChem Substance 8151051 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
CAS Registry Number 97-31-4
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C9H13NO3/c1-13-9-4-6(8(12)5-10)2-3-7(9)11/h2-4,8,11-12H,5,10H2,1H3
Synthesis Reference Sejbal, Jan; Krecek, Vaclav. Method of preparing normetanephrine. Czech. (1992), 4 pp.
Melting Point (Experimental) 204
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 1000.0 mg/mL [MEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)]; 8.44 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity -1.05 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -0.71 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 0 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm (Predicted from Solubility)
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Adrenal Gland —
Adrenal Medulla —
Brain —
Platelet —
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.00035 +/- 0.00016 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.00022 +/- 0.00052 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Subjects who had not abused methamphetamine (MAP) and did not experience flashbacks; n=20
References
  • Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T: Plasma monoamine metabolites and spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine-induced paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis: relation of noradrenergic activity to the occurrence of flashbacks. Psychiatry Res. 1996 Jul 31;63(2-3):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.00045 +/- 0.00120 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments subjects who did not experience methamphetamine (MAP) psychosis despite abuse of MAP
References
  • Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T: Plasma monoamine metabolites and spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine-induced paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis: relation of noradrenergic activity to the occurrence of flashbacks. Psychiatry Res. 1996 Jul 31;63(2-3):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.00085 +/- 0.00317 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Eisenhofer G, Lenders JW, Linehan WM, Walther MM, Goldstein DS, Keiser HR: Plasma normetanephrine and metanephrine for detecting pheochromocytoma in von Hippel-Lindau disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jun 17;340(24):1872-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  • Elmasry A, Lindberg E, Hedner J, Janson C, Boman G: Obstructive sleep apnoea and urine catecholamines in hypertensive males: a population-based study. Eur Respir J. 2002 Mar;19(3):511-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  • Barbas C, Garcia A, de Miguel L, Simo C: Evaluation of filter paper collection of urine samples for detection and measurement of organic acidurias by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Nov 15;780(1):73-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  • Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ: Sources and significance of plasma levels of catechols and their metabolites in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Jun;305(3):800-11. Epub 2003 Mar 20. [PubMed Link Image]
  • Eisenhofer G, Lenders JW, Goldstein DS, Mannelli M, Csako G, Walther MM, Brouwers FM, Pacak K: Pheochromocytoma catecholamine phenotypes and prediction of tumor size and location by use of plasma free metanephrines. Clin Chem. 2005 Apr;51(4):735-44. Epub 2005 Feb 17. [PubMed Link Image]
  • Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed Link Image]
  • Iinuma K, Ikeda I, Ogihara T, Hashizume K, Kurata K, Kumahara Y: Radioimmunoassay of metanephrine and normetanephrine for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Clin Chem. 1986 Oct;32(10):1879-83. [PubMed Link Image]
  • Lenders JW, Keiser HR, Goldstein DS, Willemsen JJ, Friberg P, Jacobs MC, Kloppenborg PW, Thien T, Eisenhofer G: Plasma metanephrines in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Jul 15;123(2):101-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  • Eisenhofer G, Keiser H, Friberg P, Mezey E, Huynh TT, Hiremagalur B, Ellingson T, Duddempudi S, Eijsbouts A, Lenders JW: Plasma metanephrines are markers of pheochromocytoma produced by catechol-O-methyltransferase within tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Jun;83(6):2175-85. [PubMed Link Image]
  • Merck Manual
Biofluid Urine
Value <0.322 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Merck Manual
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.062 +/- 0.037 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by Cornelius Lentner.
  • West Cadwell, N.J. : Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp.
  • Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.85 +/- 3.17 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed Link Image]
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.00093 +/- 0.00158 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Amphetamine psychosis
Comments Neuroleptic-treated flashbackers during flashbacks
References
  • Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T: Plasma monoamine metabolites and spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine-induced paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis: relation of noradrenergic activity to the occurrence of flashbacks. Psychiatry Res. 1996 Jul 31;63(2-3):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.00077 +/- 0.00129 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Amphetamine psychosis
Comments flashbackers during flashbacks
References
  • Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T: Plasma monoamine metabolites and spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine-induced paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis: relation of noradrenergic activity to the occurrence of flashbacks. Psychiatry Res. 1996 Jul 31;63(2-3):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.00063 +/- 0.00101 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Amphetamine psychosis
Comments later-treated flashbackers during flashbacks
References
  • Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T: Plasma monoamine metabolites and spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine-induced paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis: relation of noradrenergic activity to the occurrence of flashbacks. Psychiatry Res. 1996 Jul 31;63(2-3):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.00023 +/- 0.00039 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Amphetamine psychosis
Comments flashbackers during periods of normality
References
  • Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T: Plasma monoamine metabolites and spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine-induced paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis: relation of noradrenergic activity to the occurrence of flashbacks. Psychiatry Res. 1996 Jul 31;63(2-3):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.00029 +/- 0.00048 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Amphetamine psychosis
Comments neuroleptic-treated flashbackers during normality
References
  • Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T: Plasma monoamine metabolites and spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine-induced paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis: relation of noradrenergic activity to the occurrence of flashbacks. Psychiatry Res. 1996 Jul 31;63(2-3):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.00018 +/- 0.00029 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Amphetamine psychosis
Comments later-treated flashbackers during periods of normality
References
  • Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T: Plasma monoamine metabolites and spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine-induced paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis: relation of noradrenergic activity to the occurrence of flashbacks. Psychiatry Res. 1996 Jul 31;63(2-3):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.00023 +/- 0.00034 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Amphetamine psychosis
Comments subjects who did not experience flashbacks despite a history of previous MAP psychosis
References
  • Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T: Plasma monoamine metabolites and spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine-induced paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis: relation of noradrenergic activity to the occurrence of flashbacks. Psychiatry Res. 1996 Jul 31;63(2-3):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.00050 +/- 0.00061 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Amphetamine psychosis
Comments MAP psychosis continued for >=6 months before blood collection
References
  • Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T: Plasma monoamine metabolites and spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine-induced paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis: relation of noradrenergic activity to the occurrence of flashbacks. Psychiatry Res. 1996 Jul 31;63(2-3):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Amphetamine psychosis
  • Yui K, Goto K, Ikemoto S, Ishiguro T: Plasma monoamine metabolites and spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine-induced paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis: relation of noradrenergic activity to the occurrence of flashbacks. Psychiatry Res. 1996 Jul 31;63(2-3):93-107. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Tyrosine Metabolism SMP00006 Link Image map00350 Link Image
General References
  1. Schmidt J, Mohr VD, Metzger P, Zirngibl H: Posttraumatic hypertension secondary to adrenal hemorrhage mimicking pheochromocytoma: case report. J Trauma. 1999 May;46(5):973-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Eisenhofer G, Huysmans F, Pacak K, Walther MM, Sweep FC, Lenders JW: Plasma metanephrines in renal failure. Kidney Int. 2005 Feb;67(2):668-77. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Orsulak PJ, Kizuka P, Grab E, Schildkraut JJ: Determination of urinary normetanephrine and metanephrine by radial-compression liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Clin Chem. 1983 Feb;29(2):305-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Linos DA: Management approaches to adrenal incidentalomas (adrenalomas). A view from Athens, Greece. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2000 Mar;29(1):141-57. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Oishi S, Sasaki M, Sato T, Isogai M: Coexistence of MEN 2A and papillary thyroid carcinoma and a recurrent pheochromocytoma 23 years after surgery: report of a case and a review of the Japanese literature. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1995 Aug;25(4):153-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Eisenhofer G, Keiser H, Friberg P, Mezey E, Huynh TT, Hiremagalur B, Ellingson T, Duddempudi S, Eijsbouts A, Lenders JW: Plasma metanephrines are markers of pheochromocytoma produced by catechol-O-methyltransferase within tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Jun;83(6):2175-85. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Filaire E, Legrand B, Bret K, Sagnol M, Cottet-Emard JM, Pequignot JM: Psychobiologic responses to 4 days of increased training and recovery in cyclists. Int J Sports Med. 2002 Nov;23(8):588-94. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Filaire E, Legrand B, Lac G, Pequignot JM: Training of elite cyclists: effects on mood state and selected hormonal responses. J Sports Sci. 2004 Nov-Dec;22(11-12):1025-33. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Higa S, Suzuki T, Sakoda S, Kishimoto S, Takaba Y, Nakajima A, Markey SP: Disturbed function of the pineal gland in familial amyloid polyneuropathy. J Neural Transm. 1987;69(1-2):97-103. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ: Sources and significance of plasma levels of catechols and their metabolites in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Jun;305(3):800-11. Epub 2003 Mar 20. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Wester P, Bergstrom U, Eriksson A, Gezelius C, Hardy J, Winblad B: Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid monoamine transmitter and metabolite concentrations reflect human brain neurochemistry in autopsy cases. J Neurochem. 1990 Apr;54(4):1148-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Eisenhofer G, Goldstein DS, Sullivan P, Csako G, Brouwers FM, Lai EW, Adams KT, Pacak K: Biochemical and clinical manifestations of dopamine-producing paragangliomas: utility of plasma methoxytyramine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Apr;90(4):2068-75. Epub 2005 Jan 11. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Pacak K, Ilias I, Adams KT, Eisenhofer G: Biochemical diagnosis, localization and management of pheochromocytoma: focus on multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 in relation to other hereditary syndromes and sporadic forms of the tumour. J Intern Med. 2005 Jan;257(1):60-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Guller U, Turek J, Eubanks S, Delong ER, Oertli D, Feldman JM: Detecting pheochromocytoma: defining the most sensitive test. Ann Surg. 2006 Jan;243(1):102-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Eisenhofer G, Lenders JW, Goldstein DS, Mannelli M, Csako G, Walther MM, Brouwers FM, Pacak K: Pheochromocytoma catecholamine phenotypes and prediction of tumor size and location by use of plasma free metanephrines. Clin Chem. 2005 Apr;51(4):735-44. Epub 2005 Feb 17. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
  2. Catechol O-methyltransferase
  3. cDNA, FLJ93072, Homo sapiens monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA (Monoamine oxidase B, isoform CRA_a)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5401
Enzyme 1 Name Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. Monoamine oxidase type A
  2. MAO-A
Enzyme 1 Gene Name MAOA
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A 
MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGGRTYTIRNEHV
DYVDVGGAYVGPTQNRILRLSKELGIETYKVNVSERLVQYVKGKTYPFRGAFPPVWNPIA
YLDYNNLWRTIDNMGKEIPTDAPWEAQHADKWDKMTMKELIDKICWTKTARRFAYLFVNI
NVTSEPHEVSALWFLWYVKQCGGTTRIFSVTNGGQERKFVGGSGQVSERIMDLLGDQVKL
NHPVTHVDQSSDNIIIETLNHEHYECKYVINAIPPTLTAKIHFRPELPAERNQLIQRLPM
GAVIKCMMYYKEAFWKKKDYCGCMIIEDEDAPISITLDDTKPDGSLPAIMGFILARKADR
LAKLHKEIRKKKICELYAKVLGSQEALHPVHYEEKNWCEEQYSGGCYTAYFPPGIMTQYG
RVIRQPVGRIFFAGTETATKWSGYMEGAVEAGERAAREVLNGLGKVTEKDIWVQEPESKD
VPAVEITHTFWERNLPSVSGLLKIIGFSTSVTALGFVLYKYKLLPRS
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 527
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 59682
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 7.96
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2 = RCHO + ammonia + H2O2
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 498-518
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 187353 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21397 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AOFA_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID 1O5W Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB File Show
Enzyme 1 3D Structure
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1584 bp 
ATGGAGAATCAAGAGAAGGCGAGTATCGCGGGCCACATGTTCGACGTAGTCGTGATCGGA
GGTGGCATTTCAGGACTATCTGCTGCCAAACTCTTGACTGAATATGGCGTTAGTGTTTTG
GTTTTAGAAGCTCGGGACAGGGTTGGAGGAAGAACATATACTATAAGGAATGAGCATGTT
GATTACGTAGATGTTGGTGGAGCTTATGTGGGACCAACCCAAAACAGAATCTTACGCTTG
TCTAAGGAGCTGGGCATAGAGACTTACAAAGTGAATGTCAGTGAGCGTCTCGTTCAATAT
GTCAAGGGGAAAACATATCCATTTCGGGGCGCCTTTCCACCAGTATGGAATCCCATTGCA
TATTTGGATTACAATAATCTGTGGAGGACAATAGATAACATGGGGAAGGAGATTCCAACT
GATGCACCCTGGGAGGCTCAACATGCTGACAAATGGGACAAAATGACCATGAAAGAGCTC
ATTGACAAAATCTGCTGGACAAAGACTGCTAGGCGGTTTGCTTATCTTTTTGTGAATATC
AATGTGACCTCTGAGCCTCACGAAGTGTCTGCCCTGTGGTTCTTGTGGTATGTGAAGCAG
TGCGGGGGCACCACTCGGATATTCTCTGTCACCAATGGTGGCCAGGAACGGAAGTTTGTA
GGTGGATCTGGTCAAGTGAGCGAACGGATAATGGACCTCCTCGGAGACCAAGTGAAGCTG
AACCATCCTGTCACTCACGTTGACCAGTCAAGTGACAACATCATCATAGAGACGCTGAAC
CATGAACATTATGAGTGCAAATACGTAATTAATGCGATCCCTCCGACCTTGACTGCCAAG
ATTCACTTCAGACCAGAGCTTCCAGCAGAGAGAAACCAGTTAATTCAGCGGCTTCCAATG
GGAGCTGTCATTAAGTGCATGATGTATTACAAGGAGGCCTTCTGGAAGAAGAAGGATTAC
TGTGGCTGCATGATCATTGAAGATGAAGATGCTCCAATTTCAATAACCTTGGATGACACC
AAGCCTGATGGGTCACTGCCTGCCATCATGGGCTTCATTCTTGCCCGGAAAGCTGATCGA
CTTGCTAAGCTACATAAGGAAATAAGGAAGAAGAAAATCTGTGAGCTCTATGCCAAAGTG
CTGGGATCCCAAGAAGCTTTACATCCAGTGCATTATGAAGAGAAGAACTGGTGTGAGGAG
CAGTACTCTGGGGGCTGCTACACGGCCTACTTCCCTCCTGGGATCATGACTCAATATGGA
AGGGTGATTCGTCAACCCGTGGGCAGGATTTTCTTTGCGGGCACAGAGACTGCCACAAAG
TGGAGCGGCTACATGGAAGGGGCAGTTGAGGCTGGAGAACGAGCAGCTAGGGAGGTCTTA
AATGGTCTCGGGAAGGTGACCGAGAAAGATATCTGGGTACAAGAACCTGAATCAAAGGAC
GTTCCAGCGGTAGAAATCACCCACACCTTCTGGGAAAGGAACCTGCCCTCTGTTTCTGGC
CTGCTGAAGATCATTGGATTTTCCACATCAGTAACTGCCCTGGGGTTTGTGCTGTACAAA
TACAAGCTCCTGCCACGGTCTTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID M68840 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID MAOA Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID MAOA Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:6833 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location X
Enzyme 1 Locus Xp11.3
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Hsu YP, Weyler W, Chen S, Sims KB, Rinehart WB, Utterback MC, Powell JF, Breakefield XO: Structural features of human monoamine oxidase A elucidated from cDNA and peptide sequences. J Neurochem. 1988 Oct;51(4):1321-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bach AW, Lan NC, Johnson DL, Abell CW, Bembenek ME, Kwan SW, Seeburg PH, Shih JC: cDNA cloning of human liver monoamine oxidase A and B: molecular basis of differences in enzymatic properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(13):4934-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Zhu QS, Grimsby J, Chen K, Shih JC: Promoter organization and activity of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B genes. J Neurosci. 1992 Nov;12(11):4437-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Denney RM: The promoter of the human monoamine oxidase A gene. Prog Brain Res. 1995;106:57-66. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Denney RM, Sharma A, Dave SK, Waguespack A: A new look at the promoter of the human monoamine oxidase A gene: mapping transcription initiation sites and capacity to drive luciferase expression. J Neurochem. 1994 Sep;63(3):843-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Chen SA, Weyler W: Partial amino acid sequence analysis of human placenta monoamine oxidase A and bovine liver monoamine oxidase B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Oct 14;156(1):445-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Weyler W: Monoamine oxidase A from human placenta and monoamine oxidase B from bovine liver both have one FAD per subunit. Biochem J. 1989 Jun 15;260(3):725-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Li M, Hubalek F, Newton-Vinson P, Edmondson DE: High-level expression of human liver monoamine oxidase A in Pichia pastoris: comparison with the enzyme expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein Expr Purif. 2002 Feb;24(1):152-62. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5504
Enzyme 2 Name Catechol O-methyltransferase
Enzyme 2 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Name COMT
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Catechol O-methyltransferase 
MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLLMGDTKEQRIL
NHVLQHAEPGNAQSVLEAIDTYCEQKEWAMNVGDKKGKIVDAVIQEHQPSVLLELGAYCG
YSAVRMARLLSPGARLITIEINPDCAAITQRMVDFAGVKDKVTLVVGASQDIIPQLKKKY
DVDTLDMVFLDHWKDRYLPDTLLLEECGLLRKGTVLLADNVICPGAPDFLAHVRGSSCFE
CTHYQSFLEYREVVDGLEKAIYKGPGSEAGP
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 271
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 30037
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 5.15
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • O-methyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • methyltransferase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups
Process
—
Component
—
Enzyme 2 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA and isoproterenol
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a catechol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a guaiacol
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • 1-32
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 180920 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21964 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name COMT_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >816 bp 
ATGCCGGAGGCCCCGCCTCTGCTGTTGGCAGCTGTGTTGCTGGGCCTGGTGCTGCTGGTG
GTGCTGCTGCTGCTTCTGAGGCACTGGGGCTGGGGCCTGTGCCTTATCGGCTGGAACGAG
TTCATCCTGCAGCCCATCCACAACCTGCTCATGGGTGACACCAAGGAGCAGCGCATCCTG
AACCACGTGCTGCAGCATGCGGAGCCCGGGAACGCACAGAGCGTGCTGGAGGCCATTGAC
ACCTACTGCGAGCAGAAGGAGTGGGCCATGAACGTGGGCGACAAGAAAGGCAAGATCGTG
GACGCCGTGATTCAGGAGCACCAGCCCTCCGTGCTGCTGGAGCTGGGGGCCTACTGTGGC
TACTCAGCTGTGCGCATGGCCCGCCTGCTGTCACCAGGGGCGAGGCTCATCACCATCGAG
ATCAACCCCGACTGTGCCGCCATCACCCAGCGGATGGTGGATTTCGCTGGCGTGAAGGAC
AAGGTCACCCTTGTGGTTGGAGCGTCCCAGGACATCATCCCCCAGCTGAAGAAGAAGTAT
GATGTGGACACACTGGACATGGTCTTCCTCGACCACTGGAAGGACCGGTACCTGCCGGAC
ACGCTTCTCTTGGAGGAATGTGGCCTGCTGCGGAAGGGGACAGTGCTACTGGCTGACAAC
GTGATCTGCCCAGGTGCGCCAGACTTCCTAGCACACGTGCGCGGGAGCAGCTGCTTTGAG
TGCACACACTACCAATCGTTCCTGGAATACAGGGAGGTGGTGGACGGCCTGGAGAAGGCC
ATCTACAAGGGCCCAGGCAGCGAAGCAGGGCCCTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID M65212 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID COMT Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID COMT Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:2228 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 22
Enzyme 2 Locus 22q11.21-q11.23|22q11.21
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Lundstrom K, Salminen M, Jalanko A, Savolainen R, Ulmanen I: Cloning and characterization of human placental catechol-O-methyltransferase cDNA. DNA Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;10(3):181-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bertocci B, Miggiano V, Da Prada M, Dembic Z, Lahm HW, Malherbe P: Human catechol-O-methyltransferase: cloning and expression of the membrane-associated form. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 15;88(4):1416-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Tenhunen J, Salminen M, Lundstrom K, Kiviluoto T, Savolainen R, Ulmanen I: Genomic organization of the human catechol O-methyltransferase gene and its expression from two distinct promoters. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Aug 1;223(3):1049-59. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Tilgmann C, Kalkkinen N: Purification and partial sequence analysis of the soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase from human placenta: comparison to the rat liver enzyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jan 31;174(2):995-1002. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Ulmanen I, Lundstrom K: Cell-free synthesis of rat and human catechol O-methyltransferase. Insertion of the membrane-bound form into microsomal membranes in vitro. Eur J Biochem. 1991 Dec 18;202(3):1013-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Lachman HM, Papolos DF, Saito T, Yu YM, Szumlanski CL, Weinshilboum RM: Human catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: description of a functional polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacogenetics. 1996 Jun;6(3):243-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 16425
Enzyme 3 Name cDNA, FLJ93072, Homo sapiens monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA (Monoamine oxidase B, isoform CRA_a)
Enzyme 3 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Name MAOB
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >cDNA, FLJ93072, Homo sapiens monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA (Monoamine oxidase B, isoform CRA_a) 
MSNKCDVVVVGGGISGMAAAKLLHDSGLNVVVLEARDRVGGRTYTLRNQKVKYVDLGGSY
VGPTQNRILRLAKELGLETYKVNEVERLIHHVKGKSYPFRGPFPPVWNPITYLDHNNFWR
TMDDMGREIPSDAPWKAPLAEEWDNMTMKELLDKLCWTESAKQLATLFVNLCVTAETHEV
SALWFLWYVKQCGGTTRIISTTNGGQERKFVGGSGQVSERIMDLLGDRVKLERPVIYIDQ
TRENVLVETLNHEMYEAKYVISAIPPTLGMKIHFNPPLPMMRNQMITRVPLGSVIKCIVY
YKEPFWRKKDYCGTMIIDGEEAPVAYTLDDTKPEGNYAAIMGFILAHKARKLARLTKEER
LKKLCELYAKVLGSLEALEPVHYEEKNWCEEQYSGGCYTTYFPPGILTQYGRVLRQPVDR
IYFAGTETATHWSGYMEGAVEAGERAAREILHAMGKIPEDEIWQSEPESVDVPAQPITTT
FLERHLPSVPGLLRLIGLTTIFSATALGFLAHKRGLLVRV
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 520
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 58764
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 7.55
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 3 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 3 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 3 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B2R6R3 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B2R6R3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID 2BK3 Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB File Show
Enzyme 3 3D Structure
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID AK312679 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID B2R6R3 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References Not Available
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available