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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (HMDB01301)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-06-20 00:34:05
Accession Number HMDB01301
Secondary Accession Numbers HMDB02240
Common Name 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
Description (S)-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate Pyrroline 5-carboxylate is an enamine or an imino acid that forms on spontaneous dehydration of L-glutamate γ-semialdehyde in aqueous solutions. The stereoisomer (S)-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate is an intermediate in glutamate metabolism, in arginine degradation and in proline biosynthesis and degradation and it can be converted to or be formed from the three amino acids L-glutamate, L-ornithine and L-proline. In particular, it is synthesized with the oxidation of proline by pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (EC 1.5.1.2, PYCR1) or by proline dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.8, PRODH) and it is hydrolyzed to L-glutamate by delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.12, ALDH4A1). It is also one of the few metabolites that can be a precursor to other metabolites of both the urea cycle and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
Synonyms
  1. (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
  2. 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
  3. 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
  4. 3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrole-2-carboxylate
  5. 3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
  6. D1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate
  7. D1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
  8. DL-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate
  9. DL-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
  10. L-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
  11. L-Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
  12. delta(1)pyrroline-5-carboxylate
  13. delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
  14. delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
  15. pyrroline 5-carboxylate
  16. pyrroline-5-carboxylate
Chemical IUPAC Name 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
Chemical Formula C5H7NO2
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Amino acids and Amino Acid conjugates
Class
  • Amino Acids
Sub Class
  • NA
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • imine
  • carboxylic acid
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
  • Component of Arginine and proline metabolism
  • Component of Glutamate metabolism
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 113.115
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 113.047676
Isomeric SMILES OC(=O)C1CCC=N1
Canonical SMILES OC(=O)C1CCC=N1
KEGG Compound ID Not Available
BioCyc ID l-delta(1)-pyrroline_5-carboxylate Link Image
BiGG ID 42766 Link Image
Wikipedia Link 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB01301 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB01301 Link Image
METLIN ID 6145 Link Image
PubChem Compound 1196 Link Image
PubChem Substance 700733 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
CAS Registry Number 2906-39-0
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C5H7NO2/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4/h3-4H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)
Synthesis Reference Vogel, Henry J.; Davis, Bernard D. Glutamic g-semialdehyde and D1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, intermediates in the biosynthesis of proline. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1952), 74 109-12.
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 13.099999 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -0.01 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -0.2 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
  • mitochondria
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Intestine —
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Arginine and Proline Metabolism SMP00020 Link Image map00330 Link Image
Glutamate Metabolism SMP00072 Link Image map00250 Link Image
General References
  1. Simila S: Hydroxyproline metabolism in type II hyperprolinaemia. Ann Clin Biochem. 1979 Jul;16(4):177-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Mixson AJ, Phang JM: The uptake of pyrroline 5-carboxylate. Group translocation mediating the transfer of reducing-oxidizing potential. J Biol Chem. 1988 Aug 5;263(22):10720-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Wakabayashi Y: Tissue-selective expression of enzymes of arginine synthesis. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1998 Jul;1(4):335-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Onenli-Mungan N, Yuksel B, Elkay M, Topaloglu AK, Baykal T, Ozer G: Type II hyperprolinemia: a case report. Turk J Pediatr. 2004 Apr-Jun;46(2):167-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Fleming GA, Hagedorn CH, Granger AS, Phang JM: Pyrroline-5-carboxylate in human plasma. Metabolism. 1984 Aug;33(8):739-42. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Humbertclaude V, Rivier F, Roubertie A, Echenne B, Bellet H, Vallat C, Morin D: Is hyperprolinemia type I actually a benign trait? Report of a case with severe neurologic involvement and vigabatrin intolerance. J Child Neurol. 2001 Aug;16(8):622-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
  2. cDNA FLJ75752, highly similar to Homo sapiens pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family, member 2
  3. Uncharacterized protein PRODH
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5388
Enzyme 1 Name Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. P5C dehydrogenase
  2. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 4A1
Enzyme 1 Gene Name ALDH4A1
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor 
MLLPAPALRRALLSRPWTGAGLRWKHTSSLKVANEPVLAFTQGSPERDALQKALKDLKGR
MEAIPCVVGDEEVWTSDVQYQVSPFNHGHKVAKFCYADKSLLNKAIEAALAARKEWDLKP
IADRAQIFLKAADMLSGPRRAEILAKTMVGQGKTVIQAEIDAAAELIDFFRFNAKYAVEL
EGQQPISVPPSTNSTVYRGLEGFVAAISPFNFTAIGGNLAGAPALMGNVVLWKPSDTAML
ASYAVYRILREAGLPPNIIQFVPADGPLFGDTVTSSEHLCGINFTGSVPTFKHLWKQVAQ
NLDRFHTFPRLAGECGGKNFHFVHRSADVESVVSGTLRSAFEYGGQKCSACSRLYVPHSL
WPQIKGRLLEEHSRIKVGDPAEDFGTFFSAVIDAKSFARIKKWLEHARSSPSLTILAGGK
CDDSVGYFVEPCIVESKDPQEPIMKEEIFGPVLSVYVYPDDKYKETLQLVDSTTSYGLTG
AVFSQDKDVVQEATKVLRNAAGNFYINDKSTGSIVGQQPFGGARASGTNDKPGGPHYILR
WTSPQVIKETHKPLGDWSYAYMQ
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 563
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 61720
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 8.20
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Process
  • amino acid and derivative metabolism
  • amino acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • glutamine family amino acid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • proline biosynthesis
  • proline metabolism
Component
  • membrane-enclosed lumen
  • mitochondrial lumen
  • mitochondrial matrix
  • organelle lumen
Enzyme 1 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Irreversible conversion of delta-1-pyrroline-5- carboxylate (P5C), derived either from proline or ornithine, to glutamate. This is a necessary step in the pathway interconnecting the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The preferred substrate is glutamic gamma-semialdehyde, other substrates include succinic, glutaric and adipic semialdehydes
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O = L-glutamate + NADH + H+
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • 1-19
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 1353250 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P30038 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AL4A1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1692 bp 
ATGCTGCTGCCGGCGCCCGCGCTCCGCCGCGCCCTGCTGTCCCGCCCCTGGACCGGGGCC
GGCCTGCGGTGGAAGCACACCTCCTCCCTGAAGGTGGCCAACGAGCCCGTCTTAGCCTTC
ACGCAGGGCAGCCCTGAGCGAGATGCCCTGCAAAAGGCCTTGAAGGACCTGAAGGGCCGG
ATGGAAGCCATCCCATGCGTGATGGGGGATGAGGAGGTGTGGACGTCGGACGTGCAGTAC
CAAGTGTCGCCTTTTAACCATGGACATAAGGTGGCCAAGTTCTGTTATGCAGACAAGAGC
CTGCTCAACAAAGCCATTGAGGCTGCCCTGGCTGCCCGGAAAGAGTGGGACCTGAAGCCT
ATTGCAGACCGGGCCCAGATCTTCCTGAAGGCGGCAGACATGCTGAGTGGGCCGCGCAGG
GCTGAGATCCTCGCCAAGACCATGGTGGGACAGGGTAAGACCGTGATCCAAGCGGAGATT
GACGCTGCAGCGGAACTCATCGACTTCTTCCGGTTCAATGCCAAGTATGCGGTGGAGCTG
GAGGGGCAGCAGCCCATCAGCGTGCCCCCGAGCACCAACAGCACGGTGTACCGGGGTCTG
GAGGGCTTCGTGGCGGCCATCTCGCCCTTTAACTTCACTGCAATCGGCGGCAACCTGGCG
GGGGCACCGGCCCTGATGGGCAACGTGGTCCTATGGAAGCCCAGTGACACTGCCATGCTG
GCCAGCTATGCTGTCTACCGCATCCTTCGGGAGGCTGGCCTGCCCCCCAACATCATCCAG
TTTGTGCCAGCTGATGGGCCCCTATTTGGGGACACTGTCACCAGCTCAGAGCACCTCTGT
GGCATCAACTTCACAGGCAGTGTGCCCACCTTCAAACACCTGTGGAAGCAGGTGGCCCAG
AACCTGGACCGGTTCCACACCTTCCCACGCCTGGCTGGAGAGTGCGGCGGAAAGAACTTC
CACTTCGTGCACCGCTCGGCCGACGTGGAGAGCGTGGTGAGCGGGACCCTCCGCTCAGCC
TTCGAGTACGGTGGCCAGAAGTGTTCCGCCTGCTCGCGTCTCTACGTGCCGCACTCGCTG
TGGCCGCAGATCAAAGGGCGGCTGCTGGAGGAGCACAGTCGGATCAAAGTGGGCGACCCT
GCAGAGGATTTTGGGACCTTCTTCTCTGCAGTGATTGATGCCAAGTCCTTTGCCCGTATC
AAGAAGTGGCTGGAGCACGCGCGCTCCTCGCCCAGCCTCACCATCCTGGCTGGGGGCAAG
TGTGATGACTCCGTGGGCTACTTTGTGGAGCCCTGCATCGTGGAGAGCAAGGACCCTCAG
GAGCCCATCATGAAGGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCTGTACTGTCTGTGTACGTCTACCCGGAC
GACAAGTACAAGGAGACGCTGCAGCTGGTTGACAGCACCACCAGCTATGGCCTCACGGGG
GCAGTGTTCTCCCAGGATAAGGACGTCGTGCAGGAGGCCACAAAGGTGCTGAGGAATGCT
GCCGGCAACTTCTACATCAACGACAAGTCCACTGGCTCGATAGTGGGCCAGCAGCCCTTT
GGGGGGGCCCGAGCCTCTGGAACCAATGACAAGCCAGGGGGCCCACACTACATCCTGCGC
TGGACGTCGCCGCAGGTCATCAAGGAGACACATAAGCCCCTGGGGGACTGGAGCTACGCG
TACATGCAGTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID U24267 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID ALDH4A1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID ALDH4A1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:406 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 1 Locus 1p36
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Hu CA, Lin WW, Valle D: Cloning, characterization, and expression of cDNAs encoding human delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 1996 Apr 19;271(16):9795-800. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Hempel J, Eckey R, Berie D, Romovacek H, Agarwal DP, Goedde HW: Human liver glutamic gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase: structural relationship to the yeast enzyme. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1992 Aug;102(4):791-93. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Hochstrasser DF, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Bairoch A, Ravier F, Pasquali C, Sanchez JC, Tissot JD, Bjellqvist B, Vargas R, et al.: Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison. Electrophoresis. 1992 Dec;13(12):992-1001. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Geraghty MT, Vaughn D, Nicholson AJ, Lin WW, Jimenez-Sanchez G, Obie C, Flynn MP, Valle D, Hu CA: Mutations in the Delta1-pyrroline 5-carboxylate dehydrogenase gene cause type II hyperprolinemia. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Sep;7(9):1411-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 12995
Enzyme 2 Name cDNA FLJ75752, highly similar to Homo sapiens pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family, member 2
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. PYCR2, mRNA
  2. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family, member 2, isoform CRA_b
Enzyme 2 Gene Name PYCR2
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >cDNA FLJ75752, highly similar to Homo sapiens pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family, member 2 
MSVGFIGAGQLAYALARGFTAAGILSAHKIIASSPEMNLPTVSALRKMGVNLTRSNKETV
KHSDVLFLAVKPHIIPFILDEIGADVQARHIVVSCAAGVTISSVEKKLMAFQPAPKVIRC
MTNTPVVVQEGATVYATGTHALVEDGQLLEQLMSSVGFCTEVEEDLIDAVTGLSGSGPAY
AFMALDALADGGVKMGLPRRLAIQLGAQALLGAAKMLLDSEQHPCQLKDNVCSPGGATIH
ALHFLESGGFRSLLINAVEASCIRTRELQSMADQEKISPAALKKTLLDRVKLESPTVSTL
TPSSPGKLLTRSLALGGKKD
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 320
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 33638
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 7.87
Enzyme 2 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 2 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 2 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 2 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 158257258 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A8K798 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A8K798_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID AK291913 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID A8K798 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References Not Available
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 12996
Enzyme 3 Name Uncharacterized protein PRODH
Enzyme 3 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Name PRODH
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Uncharacterized protein PRODH 
RHGSEARPARAAPLHSPLRPAVHGAGLPRAARSGPSGRARRWVGHGSAAAGARRGLRQRA
GGVPQPANLGAGAEPAGAALVRLARAAGAPRAAAVCFQETSRTEAIQQAHEDDLLWAFCS
RGGESIQPLLRHYRAFGVSAILDYGVEEDLSPEEAEHKEMESCTSAAERDGSGTNKRDKQ
YQAHWAFGDRRNGVISARTYFYANEAKCDSHMETFLRCIEASGRVSDDGFIAIKLTALGR
PQFLLQFSEVLAKWRCFFHQMAVEQGQAGLAAMDTKLEVAVLQESVAKLGIASRAEIEDW
FTAETLGVSGTMDLLDWSSLIDSRTKLSKHLVVPNAQTGQLEPLLSRFTEEEELQMTRML
QRMDVLAKKATEMGVRLMVDAEQTYFQPAISRLTLEMQRKFNVEKPLIFNTYQPHPADAY
DNVTLDVELARREGWCFGAKLVRGAYLAQERARAAEIGYEDPINPTYEATNAMYHRCLDY
VLEELKHNAKAKVMVASHNEDTVRFALRRMEELGLHPADHRVYFGQLLGMCDQISFPLGQ
AGYPVYKYVPYGPVMEVLPYLSRRALENSSLMKGTHRERQLLWLELLRRLRTGNLFHRPA
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 600
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 66921
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 8.01
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors
  • proline dehydrogenase activity
Process
  • amino acid and derivative metabolism
  • amino acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • glutamate biosynthesis
  • glutamate metabolism
  • glutamine family amino acid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • proline catabolism
  • proline metabolism
Component
—
Enzyme 3 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 3 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 3 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A6NF53 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A6NF53_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID AC007326 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID A6NF53 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID PRODH Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:9453 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available