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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Prostaglandin I2 (HMDB01335)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-05-05 20:58:41
Accession Number HMDB01335
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Prostaglandin I2
Description Prostaglandin I2 or prostacyclin (or PGI2) is a member of the family of lipid molecules known as eicosanoids. It is produced in endothelial cells from prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) by the action of the enzyme prostacyclin synthase. It is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. Prostaglandin I2 is the main prostaglandin synthesized by the blood vessel wall. This suggests that it may play an important role in limiting platelet-mediated thrombosis. In particular, prostacyclin (PGI2) chiefly prevents formation of the platelet plug involved in primary hemostasis (a part of blood clot formation). The sodium salt (known as epoprostenol) has been used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension. Prostacyclin (PGI2) is released by healthy endothelial cells and performs its function through a paracrine signaling cascade that involves G protein-coupled receptors on nearby platelets and endothelial cells. The platelet Gs protein-coupled receptor (prostacyclin receptor) is activated when it binds to PGI2. This activation, in turn, signals adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP. cAMP goes on to inhibit any undue platelet activation (in order to promote circulation) and also counteracts any increase in cytosolic calcium levels which would result from thromboxane A2 (TXA2) binding (leading to platelet activation and subsequent coagulation). PGI2 also binds to endothelial prostacyclin receptors and in the same manner raise cAMP levels in the cytosol. This cAMP then goes on to activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA then continues the cascade by inhibiting myosin light-chain kinase which leads to smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. Notably, PGI2 and TXA2 work as antagonists. PGI2 is stable in basic buffers (pH=8), but it is rapidly hydrolyzed to 6-keto PGF1alpha in neutral or acidic solutions. The half-life is short both in vivo and in vitro, ranging from 30 seconds to a few minutes. PGI2 is administered by continuous infusion in humans for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs) and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes) and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signaling pathways.
Synonyms
  1. (5Z,13E)-(15S)-6,9-epoxy-11,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate
  2. (5Z,13E)-(15S)-6,9alpha-Epoxy-11alpha,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate
  3. Epoprostenol
  4. PGI2
  5. PGX
  6. Prostaglandin I2
  7. Prostaglandin X
  8. Vasocyclin
  9. prostacyclin
  10. prostacycline
  11. (5Z,13E)-(15S)-6,9-alpha-epoxy-11-alpha,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate
  12. (5Z,13E)-(15S)-6,9-alpha-epoxy-11-alpha,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid
  13. (5Z,9a,11a,13E,15S)-6,9-epoxy-11,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid
  14. (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-6,9-epoxy-11,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid
  15. (5Z,9a,11a,13E,15S)-6,9-epoxy-11,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dien-1-oate
  16. (5Z,13E,15S)-6,9a-epoxy-11a,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid
  17. (5Z,13E,15S)-6,9a-epoxy-11a,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate
  18. (5Z,13E)-(15S)-6,9-epoxy-11,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid
  19. (5Z,13E)-(15S)-6,9alpha-Epoxy-11alpha,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid
  20. (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-6,9-epoxy-11,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dien-1-oate
Chemical IUPAC Name 5-[7-hydroxy-8-(3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl)-4-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-3-ylidene]pentanoic acid
Chemical Formula C20H32O5
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Organic acids
Class
  • Prostanoids
Sub Class
  • Prostacyclins
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • enol ether
  • secondary alcohol
  • carboxylic acid
  • alkene
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
—
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 352.465
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 352.224976
Isomeric SMILES CCCCC[C@H](O)C=C[C@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@@H]2OC(C[C@H]12)=CCCCC(O)=O
Canonical SMILES CCCCCC(O)C=CC1C(O)CC2OC(CC12)=CCCCC(O)=O
KEGG Compound ID C01312 Link Image
BioCyc ID 5Z13E-15S-69-ALPHA-EPOXY-11-ALPHA Link Image
BiGG ID 37333 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Epoprostenol Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB01335 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB01335 Link Image
METLIN ID 778 Link Image
PubChem Compound 114805 Link Image
PubChem Substance 11373355 Link Image
ChEBI ID 15552 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 35121-78-9
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C20H32O5/c1-2-3-4-7-14(21)10-11-16-17-12-15(8-5-6-9-20(23)24)25-19(17)13-18(16)22/h8,10-11,14,16-19,21-22H,2-7,9,12-13H2,1H3,(H,23,24)/b11-10+,15-8-/t14-,16+,17+,18+,19-/m0/s1
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 0.136 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 3.83 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 3 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Membrane (Predicted from LogP)
  • endoplasmic reticulum
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Adipose Tissue —
Bladder —
Blood —
Brain —
Fibroblasts —
Kidney —
Liver —
Nerve Cells —
Placenta —
Platelet —
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism SMP00075 Link Image map00590 Link Image
General References
  1. Walsh SW, Wang Y, Killian A: AA-2414, an antioxidant and thromboxane receptor blocker, completely inhibits peroxide-induced vasoconstriction in the human placenta. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Jul;290(1):220-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Brinkmann A, Seeling W, Wolf CF, Kneitinger E, Junger S, Rockemann M, Oettinger W, Georgieff M: [The effect of thoracic epidural anesthesia on the pathophysiology of the eventration syndrome] Anaesthesist. 1994 Apr;43(4):235-44. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Kearney D, Byrne A, Crean P, Cox D, Fitzgerald DJ: Optimal suppression of thromboxane A(2) formation by aspirin during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: no additional effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 Feb 18;43(4):526-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. De La Cruz JP, Arrebola MM, Villalobos MA, Pinacho A, Guerrero A, Gonzalez-Correa JA, Sanchez de la Cuesta F: Influence of glucose concentration on the effects of aspirin, ticlopidine and clopidogrel on platelet function and platelet-subendothelium interaction. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 19;484(1):19-27. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Cruz-Gervis R, Stecenko AA, Dworski R, Lane KB, Loyd JE, Pierson R, King G, Brigham KL: Altered prostanoid production by fibroblasts cultured from the lungs of human subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res. 2002;3:17. Epub 2002 Feb 23. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. den Dekker E, Gorter G, Heemskerk JW, Akkerman JW: Development of platelet inhibition by cAMP during megakaryocytopoiesis. J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 9;277(32):29321-9. Epub 2002 May 7. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. McAdam BF, Byrne D, Morrow JD, Oates JA: Contribution of cyclooxygenase-2 to elevated biosynthesis of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin in cigarette smokers. Circulation. 2005 Aug 16;112(7):1024-9. Epub 2005 Aug 8. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Hei ZQ, Huang HQ, Luo CF, Li SR, Luo GJ: Changes of nitric oxide and endothelin, thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Jul 7;12(25):4049-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Nadar S, Lip GY: Platelet activation in the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2004 May;13(5):523-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Fruzzetti F, Giannessi D, Ricci C, Bernini W, Puntoni R, Genazzani AR, De Caterina R: Platelet-vessel wall interactions with third-generation oral contraceptives: no evidence of detrimental effects. Thromb Haemost. 1999 Sep;82(3):1164-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Cheng Y, Austin SC, Rocca B, Koller BH, Coffman TM, Grosser T, Lawson JA, FitzGerald GA: Role of prostacyclin in the cardiovascular response to thromboxane A2. Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):539-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Okamoto M, Abe T, Shouno M, Kitabata Y, Narukawa N, Kobata H, Akizawa T: A case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura refractory to plasma exchange. Ther Apher. 2001 Feb;5(1):49-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Li J, Dai G, Feng Z, Wang C, Yang Y, Wei W, Zhou B: Effect of low HDL combined with hypertriglyceridemia in coronary artery disease patients on PGI2 biological activity in relation to lipid regulating treatment. J Tongji Med Univ. 1998;18(2):87-9, 93. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Vassaux G, Gaillard D, Darimont C, Ailhaud G, Negrel R: Differential response of preadipocytes and adipocytes to prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2: physiological implications. Endocrinology. 1992 Nov;131(5):2393-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Haraldsson A, Kieler-Jensen N, Wadenvik H, Ricksten SE: Inhaled prostacyclin and platelet function after cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass. Intensive Care Med. 2000 Feb;26(2):188-94. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Axelrod L: Insulin, prostaglandins, and the pathogenesis of hypertension. Diabetes. 1991 Oct;40(10):1223-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Lehmann C, Taymoorian K, Wauer H, Krausch D, Birnbaum J, Kox WJ: Effects of the stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost on the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green in human septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2000 Oct;26(10):1557-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Dickinson JE, Meyer BA, Brath PC, Chmielowiec S, Walsh SW, Parisi VM, Palmer SM: Placental thromboxane and prostacyclin production in an ovine diabetic model. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Dec;163(6 Pt 1):1831-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Watanabe T, Kishi Y, Numano F, Isobe M: Enhanced platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin in patients in an active stage of Takayasu arteritis. Thromb Res. 2001 Oct 15;104(2):77-83. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Harada N, Okajima K, Yuksel M, Isobe H: Contribution of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons to antithrombin-induced reduction of ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury in rats. Thromb Haemost. 2005 Jan;93(1):48-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 precursor
  2. Prostacyclin synthase
  3. Prostacyclin receptor
  4. cDNA, FLJ96290, highly similar to Homo sapiens prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) receptor (IP) (PTGIR), mRNA
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 6263
Enzyme 1 Name Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 precursor
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. Cyclooxygenase- 2
  2. COX-2
  3. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
  4. Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2
  5. PGH synthase 2
  6. PGHS-2
  7. PHS II
Enzyme 1 Gene Name PTGS2
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 precursor 
MLARALLLCAVLALSHTANPCCSHPCQNRGVCMSVGFDQYKCDCTRTGFYGENCSTPEFL
TRIKLFLKPTPNTVHYILTHFKGFWNVVNNIPFLRNAIMSYVLTSRSHLIDSPPTYNADY
GYKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPVPDDCPTPLGVKGKKQLPDSNEIVEKLLLRRKFIPDPQGS
NMMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTDHKRGPAFTNGLGHGVDLNHIYGETLARQRKLRLFKDGKMKY
QIIDGEMYPPTVKDTQAEMIYPPQVPEHLRFAVGQEVFGLVPGLMMYATIWLREHNRVCD
VLKQEHPEWGDEQLFQTSRLILIGETIKIVIEDYVQHLSGYHFKLKFDPELLFNKQFQYQ
NRIAAEFNTLYHWHPLLPDTFQIHDQKYNYQQFIYNNSILLEHGITQFVESFTRQIAGRV
AGGRNVPPAVQKVSQASIDQSRQMKYQSFNEYRKRFMLKPYESFEELTGEKEMSAELEAL
YGDIDAVELYPALLVEKPRPDAIFGETMVEVGAPFSLKGLMGNVICSPAYWKPSTFGGEV
GFQIINTASIQSLICNNVKGCPFTSFSVPDPELIKTVTINASSSRSGLDDINPTVLLKER
STEL
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 604
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 68997
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 7.41
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • antioxidant activity
  • peroxidase activity
Process
—
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 1 Specific Function May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • arachidonate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • 1-17
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 291988 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P35354 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PGH2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1815 bp 
ATGCTCGCCCGCGCCCTGCTGCTGTGCGCGGTCCTGGCGCTCAGCCATACAGCAAATCCT
TGCTGTTCCCACCCATGTCAAAACCGAGGTGTATGTATGAGTGTGGGATTTGACCAGTAT
AAGTGCGATTGTACCCGGACAGGATTCTATGGAGAAAACTGCTCAACACCGGAATTTTTG
ACAAGAATAAAATTATTTCTGAAACCCACTCCAAACACAGTGCACTACATACTTACCCAC
TTCAAGGGATTTTGGAACGTTGTGAATAACATTCCCTTCCTTCGAAATGCAATTATGAGT
TATGTGTTGACATCCAGATCACATTTGATTGACAGTCCACCAACTTACAATGCTGACTAT
GGCTACAAAAGCTGGGAAGCCTTCTCTAACCTCTCCTATTATACTAGAGCCCTTCCTCCT
GTGCCTGATGATTGCCCGACTCCCTTGGGTGTCAAAGGTAAAAAGCAGCTTCCTGATTCA
AATGAGATTGTGGAAAAATTGCTTCTAAGAAGAAAGTTCATCCCTGATCCCCAGGGCTCA
AACATGATGTTTGCATTCTTTGCCCAGCACTTCACGCATCAGTTTTTCAAGACAGATCAT
AAGCGAGGGCCAGCTTTCACCAACGGGCTGGGCCATGGGGTGGACTTAAATCATATTTAC
GGTGAAACTCTGGCTAGACAGCGTAAACTGCGCCTTTTCAAGGATGGAAAAATGAAATAT
CAGATAATTGATGGAGAGATGTATCCTCCCACAGTCAAAGATACTCAGGCAGAGATGATC
TACCCTCCTCAAGTCCCTGAGCATCTACGGTTTGCTGTGGGGCAGGAGGTCTTTGGTCTG
GTGCCTGGTCTGATGATGTATGCCACAATCTGGCTGCGGGAACACAACAGAGTATGCGAT
GTGCTTAAACAGGAGCATCCTGAATGGGGTGATGAGCAGTTGTTCCAGACAAGCAGGCTA
ATACTGATAGGAGAGACTATTAAGATTGTGATTGAAGATTATGTGCAACACTTGAGTGGC
TATCACTTCAAACTGAAATTTGACCCAGAACTACTTTTCAACAAACAATTCCAGTACCAA
AATCGTATTGCTGCTGAATTTAACACCCTCTATCACTGGCATCCCCTTCTGCCTGACACC
TTTCAAATTCATGACCAGAAATACAACTATCAACAGTTTATCTACAACAACTCTATATTG
CTGGAACATGGAATTACCCAGTTTGTTGAATCATTCACCAGGCAAATTGCTGGCAGGGTT
GCTGGTGGTAGGAATGTTCCACCCGCAGTACAGAAAGTATCACAGGCTTCCACTGACCAG
AGCAGGCAGATGAAATACCAGTCTTTTAATGAGTACCGCAAACGCTTTATGCTGAAGCCC
TATGAATCATTTGAAGAACTTACAGGAGAAAAGGAAATGTCTGCAGAGTTGGAAGCACTC
TATGGTGACATCGATGCTGTGGAGCTGTATCCTGCCCTTCTGGTAGAAAAGCCTCGGCCA
GATGCCATCTTTGGTGAAACCATGGTAGAAGTTGGAGCACCATTCTCCTTGAAAGGACTT
ATGGGTAATGTTATATGTTCTCCTGCCTACTGGAAGCCAAGCACTTTTGGTGGAGAAGTG
GGTTTTCAAATCATCAACACTGCCTCAATTCAGTCTCTCATCTGCAATAACGTGAAGGGC
TGTCCCTTTACTTCATTCAGTGTTCCAGATCCAGAGCTCATTAAAACAGTCACCATCAAT
GCAAGTTCTTCCCGCTCCGGACTAGATGATATCAATCCCACAGTACTACTAAAAGAACGT
TCGACTGAACTGTAG
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID L15326 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID PTGS2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID PTGS2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:9605 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 1 Locus 1q25.2-q25.3
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Jones DA, Carlton DP, McIntyre TM, Zimmerman GA, Prescott SM: Molecular cloning of human prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase type II and demonstration of expression in response to cytokines. J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 25;268(12):9049-54. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Hla T, Neilson K: Human cyclooxygenase-2 cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 15;89(16):7384-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Kosaka T, Miyata A, Ihara H, Hara S, Sugimoto T, Takeda O, Takahashi E, Tanabe T: Characterization of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2. Eur J Biochem. 1994 May 1;221(3):889-97. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Appleby SB, Ristimaki A, Neilson K, Narko K, Hla T: Structure of the human cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene. Biochem J. 1994 Sep 15;302 ( Pt 3):723-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 6425
Enzyme 2 Name Prostacyclin synthase
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Prostaglandin I2 synthase
Enzyme 2 Gene Name PTGIS
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Prostacyclin synthase 
MAWAALLGLLAALLLLLLLSRRRTRRPGEPPLDLGSIPWLGYALDFGKDAASFLTRMKEK
HGDIFTILVGGRYVTVLLDPHSYDAVVWEPRTRLDFHAYAIFLMERIFDVQLPHYSPSDE
KARMKLTLLHRELQALTEAMYTNLHAVLLGDATEAGSGWHEMGLLDFSYSFLLRAGYLTL
YGIEALPRTHESQAQDRVHSADVFHTFRQLDRLLPKLARGSLSVGDKDHMCSVKSRLWKL
LSPARLARRAHRSKWLESYLLHLEEMGVSEEMQARALVLQLWATQGNMGPAAFWLLLFLL
KNPEALAAVRGELESILWQAEQPVSQTTTLPQKVLDSTPVLDSVLSESLRLTAAPFITRE
VVVDLAMPMADGREFNLRRGDRLLLFPFLSPQRDPEIYTDPEVFKYNRFLNPDGSEKKDF
YKDGKRLKNYNMPWGAGHNHCLGRSYAVNSIKQFVFLVLVHLDLELINADVEIPEFDLSR
YGFGLMQPEHDVPVRYRIRP
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 500
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 57105
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 7.33
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 2 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Catalyzes the isomerization of prostaglandin H2 to prostacyclin (= prostaglandin I2)
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate = (5Z,13E)-(15S)-6,9alpha-epoxy-11alpha,15-dihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • 1-24
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 537949 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q16647 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PTGIS_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1503 bp 
ATGGCTTGGGCCGCGCTCCTCGGCCTCCTGGCCGCACTGTTGCTGCTGCTGCTACTGAGC
CGCCGCCGCACGCGGCGACCTGGTGAGCCTCCCCTGGACCTGGGCAGCATCCCCTGGTTG
GGGTATGCCTTGGACTTTGGAAAAGATGCTGCCAGCTTCCTCACGAGGATGAAGGAGAAG
CACGGTGACATCTTTACTATACTGGTTGGGGGCAGGTATGTCACCGTTCTCCTGGACCCA
CACTCCTACGACGCGGTGGTGTGGGAGCCTCGCACCAGGCTCGACTTCCATGCCTATGCC
ATCTTCCTCATGGAGAGGATTTTTGATGTGCAGCTTCCACATTACAGCCCCAGTGATGAA
AAGGCCAGGATGAAACTGACTCTTCTCCACAGAGAGCTCCAGGCACTCACAGAAGCCATG
TATACCAACCTCCATGCAGTGCTGTTGGGCGATGCTACAGAAGCAGGCAGTGGCTGGCAC
GAGATGGGTCTCCTCGACTTCTCCTACAGCTTCCTGCTCAGAGCCGGCTACCTGACTCTT
TACGGAATTGAGGCGCTGCCACGCACCCATGAAAGCCAGGCCCAGGACCGCGTCCACTCA
GCTGATGTCTTCCACACCTTTCGCCAGCTCGACCGGCTGCTCCCCAAACTGGCCCGTGGC
TCCCTGTCAGTGGGGGACAAGGACCACATGTGCAGTGTCAAAAGTCGCCTGTGGAAGCTG
CTATCCCCAGCCAGGCTGGCCAGGCGGGCCCACCGGAGCAAATGGCTGGAGAGTTACCTG
CTGCACCTGGAGGAGATGGGTGTGTCAGAGGAGATGCAGGCACGGGCCCTGGTGCTGCAG
CTGTGGGCCACACAGGGGAATATGGGTCCCGCTGCCTTCTGGCTCCTGCTCTTCCTTCTC
AAGAATCCTGAAGCCCTGGCTGCTGTCCGCGGAGAGCTCGAGAGTATCCTTTGGCAAGCG
GAGCAGCCTGTCTCGCAGACGACCACTCTCCCACAGAAGGTTCTAGACAGCACACCTGTG
CTTGATAGCGTGCTGAGTGAGAGCCTCAGGCTTACAGCTGCCCCCTTCATCACCCGCGAG
GTTGTGGTGGACCTGGCCATGCCCATGGCAGACGGGAGAGAATTCAACCTGCGACGTGGT
GACCGCCTCCTCCTCTTCCCCTTCCTGAGCCCCCAGAGAGACCCAGAAATCTACACAGAC
CCAGAGGTATTTAAATACAACCGATTCCTGAACCCTGACGGATCAGAGAAGAAAGACTTT
TACAAGGATGGGAAACGGCTGAAGAATTACAACATGCCCTGGGGGGCGGGGCACAATCAC
TGCCTGGGGAGGAGTTATGCGGTCAACAGCATCAAACAATTTGTGTTCCTTGTGCTGGTG
CACTTGGACTTGGAGCTGATCAACGCAGATGTGGAGATCCCTGAGTTTGACCTCAGCAGG
TACGGCTTCGGTCTGATGCAGCCGGAACACGACGTGCCCGTCCGCTACCGCATCCGCCCA
TGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID D38145 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID PTGIS Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID PTGIS Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:9603 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 20
Enzyme 2 Locus 20q13.13
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Miyata A, Hara S, Yokoyama C, Inoue H, Ullrich V, Tanabe T: Molecular cloning and expression of human prostacyclin synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 May 16;200(3):1728-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chevalier D, Cauffiez C, Bernard C, Lo-Guidice JM, Allorge D, Fazio F, Ferrari N, Libersa C, Lhermitte M, D'Halluin JC, Broly F: Characterization of new mutations in the coding sequence and 5'-untranslated region of the human prostacylcin synthase gene (CYP8A1). Hum Genet. 2001 Feb;108(2):148-55. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 8256
Enzyme 3 Name Prostacyclin receptor
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Prostanoid IP receptor
  2. PGI receptor
  3. Prostaglandin I2 receptor
Enzyme 3 Gene Name PTGIR
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Prostacyclin receptor 
MADSCRNLTYVRGSVGPATSTLMFVAGVVGNGLALGILSARRPARPSAFAVLVTGLAATD
LLGTSFLSPAVFVAYARNSSLLGLARGGPALCDAFAFAMTFFGLASMLILFAMAVERCLA
LSHPYLYAQLDGPRCARLALPAIYAFCVLFCALPLLGLGQHQQYCPGSWCFLRMRWAQPG
GAAFSLAYAGLVALLVAAIFLCNGSVTLSLCRMYRQQKRHQGSLGPRPRTGEDEVDHLIL
LALMTVVMAVCSLPLTIRCFTQAVAPDSSSEMGDLLAFRFYAFNPILDPWVFILFRKAVF
QRLKLWVCCLCLGPAHGDSQTPLSQLASGRRDPRAPSAPVGKEGSCVPLSAWGEGQVEPL
PPTQQSSGSAVGTSSKAEASVACSLC
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 386
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 40956
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 8.53
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • G-protein coupled receptor activity
  • icosanoid receptor activity
  • prostanoid receptor activity
  • receptor activity
  • rhodopsin-like receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • thromboxane receptor activity
  • transmembrane receptor activity
Process
  • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
  • cell communication
  • cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
  • cellular process
  • signal transduction
Component
  • cell
  • integral to membrane
  • intrinsic to membrane
  • membrane
Enzyme 3 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Receptor for prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 or PGI2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins which activate adenylate cyclase
Enzyme 3 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 3 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • 17-38 52-76 95-115 135-158 182-208 236-260 275-295
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 495043 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P43119 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PI2R_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1161 bp 
ATGGCGGATTCGTGCAGGAACCTCACCTACGTGCGGGGCTCGGTGGGGCCGGCCACCAGC
ACCCTGATGTTCGTGGCCGGTGTGGTGGGCAACGGGCTGGCCCTGGGCATCCTGAGCGCA
CGGCGACCGGCGCGCCCCTCGGCCTTCGCGGTGCTGGTCACCGGACTGGCGGCCACCGAC
CTGCTGGGCACCAGCTTCCTGAGCCCGGCCGTGTTCGTGGCCTATGCGCGCAACAGCTCC
CTGCTGGGCCTGGCCCGAGGCGGCCCCGCCCTGTGCGATGCCTTCGCCTTCGCCATGACC
TTCTTCGGCCTGGCGTCCATGCTCATCCTCTTTGCCATGGCCGTGGAGCGCTGCCTGGCG
CTGAGCCACCCCTACCTCTACGCGCAGCTGGACGGGCCCCGCTGCGCCCGCCTGGCGCTG
CCAGCCATCTACGCCTTCTGCGTCCTCTTCTGCGCGCTGCCCCTGCTGGGCCTGGGCCAA
CACCAGCAGTACTGCCCCGGCAGCTGGTGCTTCCTCCGCATGCGCTGGGCCCAGCCGGGC
GGCGCCGCCTTCTCGCTGGCCTACGCCGGCCTGGTGGCCCTGCTGGTGGCTGCCATCTTC
CTCTGCAACGGCTCGGTCACCCTCAGCCTCTGCCGCATGTACCGCCAGCAGAAGCGCCAC
CAGGGCTCTCTGGGTCCACGGCCGCGCACCGGAGAGGACGAGGTGGACCACCTGATCCTG
CTGGCCCTCATGACAGTGGTCATGGCCGTGTGCTCCCTGCCTCTCACGATCCGCTGCTTC
ACCCAGGCTGTCGCCCCTGACAGCAGCAGTGAGATGGGGGACCTCCTTGCCTTCCGCTTC
TACGCCTTCAACCCCATCCTGGACCCCTGGGTCTTCATCCTTTTCCGCAAGGCTGTCTTC
CAGCGACTCAAGCTCTGGGTCTGCTGCCTGTGCCTCGGGCCTGCCCACGGAGACTCGCAG
ACACCCCTTTCCCAGCTCGCCTCCGGGAGGAGGGACCCAAGGGCCCCCTCTGCTCCTGTG
GGAAAGGAGGGGAGCTGCGTGCCTTTGTCGGCTTGGGGCGAGGGGCAGGTGGAGCCCTTG
CCTCCCACACAGCAGTCCAGCGGCAGCGCCGTGGGAACGTCGTCCAAAGCAGAAGCCAGC
GTCGCCTGCTCCCTCTGCTGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID L29016 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID PTGIR Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID PTGIR Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:9602 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 19
Enzyme 3 Locus 19q13.3
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Boie Y, Rushmore TH, Darmon-Goodwin A, Grygorczyk R, Slipetz DM, Metters KM, Abramovitz M: Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human prostanoid IP receptor. J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 22;269(16):12173-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Katsuyama M, Sugimoto Y, Namba T, Irie A, Negishi M, Narumiya S, Ichikawa A: Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human prostacyclin receptor. FEBS Lett. 1994 May 9;344(1):74-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Nakagawa O, Tanaka I, Usui T, Harada M, Sasaki Y, Itoh H, Yoshimasa T, Namba T, Narumiya S, Nakao K: Molecular cloning of human prostacyclin receptor cDNA and its gene expression in the cardiovascular system. Circulation. 1994 Oct;90(4):1643-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Ogawa Y, Tanaka I, Inoue M, Yoshitake Y, Isse N, Nakagawa O, Usui T, Itoh H, Yoshimasa T, Narumiya S, et al.: Structural organization and chromosomal assignment of the human prostacyclin receptor gene. Genomics. 1995 May 1;27(1):142-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Miggin SM, Lawler OA, Kinsella BT: Palmitoylation of the human prostacyclin receptor. Functional implications of palmitoylation and isoprenylation. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 28;278(9):6947-58. Epub 2002 Dec 17. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 17037
Enzyme 4 Name cDNA, FLJ96290, highly similar to Homo sapiens prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) receptor (IP) (PTGIR), mRNA
Enzyme 4 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Name Not Available
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >cDNA, FLJ96290, highly similar to Homo sapiens prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) receptor (IP) (PTGIR), mRNA 
MADSCRNLTYVRGSVGPATSTLMFVAGVVGNGLALGILSARRPARPSAFAVLVTGLAATD
LLGTSFLSPAVFVAYARNSSLLGLARGGPALCDAFAFAMTFFGLASMLILSAMAVERCLA
LSHPYLYAQLDGPRCARLALPAIYAFCVLFCALPLLGLGQHQQYCPGSWCFLRMRWAQPG
GAAFSLAYAGLVALLVAAIFLCNGSVTLSLCCMYRQQKRHQGSLGPRPRTGEDEVDHLIL
LALMTVVMAVCSLPLTIRCFTQAVAPDSSSEMGDLLAFRFYAFNPILDPWVFILFRKAVF
QRLKLWVCCLCLGPAHGDSQTPLSQLASGRRDPRAPSAPVGKEGSCVPLSAWGEGQVEPL
PPTQQSSGSAVGTSSKAEASVACSLC
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 386
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 40843
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 8.41
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • G-protein coupled receptor activity
  • receptor activity
  • rhodopsin-like receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • transmembrane receptor activity
Process
  • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
  • cell communication
  • cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
  • cellular process
  • signal transduction
Component
  • cell
  • integral to membrane
  • intrinsic to membrane
  • membrane
Enzyme 4 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 4 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B2RCU1 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B2RCU1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID AK315278 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID B2RCU1 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 4 SNPs Not Available
Enzyme 4 General References Not Available
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available