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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Palmityl-CoA (HMDB01338)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-05-05 20:58:41
Accession Number HMDB01338
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Palmityl-CoA
Description A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.
Synonyms
  1. Palmityl-CoA
  2. hexadecanoyl CoA
  3. palmitoyl CoA
  4. palmitoyl coenzyme a
  5. palmitoyl-CoA
  6. s-hexadecanoate Coenzyme A
  7. s-palmitoylcoenzyme a
  8. Palmityl-Coenzyme A
  9. hexadecanoyl Coenzyme A
  10. palmitoyl-Coenzyme A
  11. s-hexadecanoate CoA
  12. s-hexadecanoic acid
  13. s-hexadecanoate
Chemical IUPAC Name [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-[[[[3-[2-(2-hexadecanoylsulfanylethylcarbamoyl)ethylcarbamoyl]-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propoxy]-hydroxy-phosphoryl]oxy-hydroxy -phosphoryl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-oxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonic acid
Chemical Formula C37H66N7O17P3S
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Nucleosides and Nucleoside conjugates
Class
  • Coenzyme A Derivatives
Sub Class
  • Long chain acyl CoAs
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • secondary alcohol
  • primary amine
  • primary aromatic amine
  • secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • thiocarboxylic acid ester
  • phosphoric acid ester
  • aromatic compound
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
  • Component of Fatty acid metabolism
  • Component of Glycosphingolipid metabolism
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 1005.943
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 1005.344849
Isomeric SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N
Canonical SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N
KEGG Compound ID C00154 Link Image
BioCyc ID PALMITYL-COA Link Image
BiGG ID 34063 Link Image
Wikipedia Link palmitoyl CoA Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB01338 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB01338 Link Image
METLIN ID 6172 Link Image
PubChem Compound 986 Link Image
PubChem Substance 6790805 Link Image
ChEBI ID 15525 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 1763-10-6
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C37H66N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-28(46)65-21-20-39-27(45)18-19-40-35(49)32(48)37(2,3)23-58-64(55,56)61-63(53,54)57-22-26-31(60-62(50,51)52)30(47)36(59-26)44-25-43-29-33(38)41-24-42-34(29)44/h24-26,30-32,36,47-48H,4-23H2,1-3H3,(H,39,45)(H,40,49)(H,53,54)(H,55,56)(H2,38,41,42)(H2,50,51,52)/t26-,30-,31-,32?,36-/m1/s1
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 1.74 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -4
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 2.35 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 0.1 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location Not Available
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Brain
Erythroid Cells
Fibroblasts
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Muscle
Neuron
Pancreas
Placenta
Skeletal Muscle
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Fatty Acid Elongation In Mitochondria SMP00054 Link Image map00062 Link Image
Fatty acid Metabolism SMP00051 Link Image map00071 Link Image
Glycerolipid Metabolism SMP00039 Link Image map00561 Link Image
Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acids SMP00482 Link Image
Phospholipid Biosynthesis SMP00025 Link Image map00564 Link Image
Sphingolipid Metabolism SMP00034 Link Image map00500 Link Image
General References
  1. Gohil K, Jones DA, Edwards RH: Fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria from needle biopsy samples of human skeletal muscle. Clin Sci (Lond). 1984 Feb;66(2):173-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Berge RK, Hagen LE, Farstad M: Isolation of palmitoyl-CoA hydrolases from human blood platelets. Biochem J. 1981 Dec 1;199(3):639-47. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Casteels M, Schepers L, Parmentier G, Eyssen HJ, Mannaerts GP: Activation and peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids and bile acid intermediates in liver from Bombina orientalis and from the rat. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1989;92(1):129-32. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Carroll JE, McGuire BS, Hall CL: Fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzymes in human skeletal muscle. Clin Chim Acta. 1986 Dec 30;161(3):327-33. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Holloway GP, Bezaire V, Heigenhauser GJ, Tandon NN, Glatz JF, Luiken JJ, Bonen A, Spriet LL: Mitochondrial long chain fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid translocase/CD36 content and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity in human skeletal muscle during aerobic exercise. J Physiol. 2006 Feb 15;571(Pt 1):201-10. Epub 2005 Dec 15. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Bakken AM, Farstad M: Identical subcellular distribution of palmitoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase activities in human blood platelets. Biochem J. 1989 Jul 1;261(1):71-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Fukao T, Watanabe H, Orii K, Takahashi Y, Hirano A, Kondo T, Yamaguchi S, Aoyama T, Kondo N: Myopathic form of very-long chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency: evidence for temperature-sensitive mild mutations in both mutant alleles in a Japanese girl. Pediatr Res. 2001 Feb;49(2):227-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Haughey NJ, Cutler RG, Tamara A, McArthur JC, Vargas DL, Pardo CA, Turchan J, Nath A, Mattson MP: Perturbation of sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide production in HIV-dementia. Ann Neurol. 2004 Feb;55(2):257-67. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Tonsgard JH, Stephens JK, Rhead WJ, Penn D, Horwitz AL, Kirschner BS, Whitington PF, Berger S, Tripp ME: Defect in fatty acid oxidation: laboratory and pathologic findings in a patient. Pediatr Neurol. 1991 Mar-Apr;7(2):125-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Bajaj M, Suraamornkul S, Romanelli A, Cline GW, Mandarino LJ, Shulman GI, DeFronzo RA: Effect of a sustained reduction in plasma free fatty acid concentration on intramuscular long-chain fatty Acyl-CoAs and insulin action in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes. 2005 Nov;54(11):3148-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Wanders RJ, van Roermund CW, de Vries CT, van den Bosch H, Schrakamp G, Tager JM, Schram AW, Schutgens RB: Peroxisomal beta-oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA in human liver homogenates and its deficiency in the cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome. Clin Chim Acta. 1986 Aug 30;159(1):1-10. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial
  2. 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal precursor
  3. Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta, mitochondrial precursor
  4. Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial precursor
  5. Long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
  6. Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
  7. Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
  8. Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1, peroxisomal
  9. Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2, peroxisomal
  10. Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
  11. Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3, peroxisomal
  12. Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
  13. Hepatic triacylglycerol lipase precursor
  14. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1
  15. 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial precursor
  16. 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial precursor
  17. Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, muscle isoform
  18. Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, liver isoform
  19. Acyl-CoA desaturase
  20. Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha, mitochondrial precursor
  21. Sterol O-acyltransferase 2
  22. Sterol O-acyltransferase 1
  23. Bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase
  24. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4
  25. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1
  26. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 6
  27. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 5
  28. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 3
  29. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial precursor
  30. Serine palmitoyltransferase 2
  31. Trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase, mitochondrial precursor
  32. Peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase
  33. Cytosolic acyl coenzyme A thioester hydrolase
  34. Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 2
  35. Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 4
  36. Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8
  37. Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 precursor
  38. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase
  39. 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gamma
  40. 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta
  41. 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha
  42. Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
  43. Very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase
  44. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
  45. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
  46. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
  47. Acyl-CoA-binding protein
  48. Fatty acid-binding protein, heart
  49. 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase epsilon
  50. Bile acyl-CoA synthetase
  51. Lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial precursor
  52. 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2
  53. Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 3
  54. Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1
  55. Carnitine acyltransferase-like protein 1
  56. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 10
  57. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 11
  58. 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase zeta precursor
  59. Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM1, mitochondrial precursor
  60. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2
  61. 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta
  62. 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1
  63. Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
  64. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 9, mitochondrial precursor
  65. Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 4
  66. Fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1
  67. Fatty acyl-CoA reductase 2
  68. Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 1
  69. Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2
  70. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2-like protein 6
  71. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 like protein 7
  72. 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 3
  73. Membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing protein 5
  74. 1-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase 1
  75. Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase
  76. 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase eta
  77. 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase theta
  78. Glycine N-acyltransferase
  79. Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1
  80. Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2
  81. Acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, long chain
  82. Peroxisomal 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase
  83. 2-aminoadipic 6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
  84. cDNA FLJ75707, highly similar to Homo sapiens serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 1
  85. Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
  86. Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase-like protein
  87. Uncharacterized protein C10orf129
  88. Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM2A, mitochondrial precursor
  89. Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM2B, mitochondrial precursor
  90. Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM3, mitochondrial precursor
  91. Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM5, mitochondrial precursor
  92. Uncharacterized protein NUDT19
  93. Peroxisomal coenzyme A diphosphatase NUDT7
  94. Not Available
  95. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 4
  96. cDNA, FLJ93082, Homo sapiens carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2), nuclear geneencoding mitochondrial protein, mRNA (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II)
  97. Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 2 (HCG1999928, isoform CRA_a)
  98. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-like protein 1
  99. Peroxisomal D3,D2-enoyl-CoA isomerase isoform 1 variant
  100. cDNA FLJ56683, highly similar to Peroxisomal 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase (EC 5.3.3.8)
  101. Peroxisomal D3,D2-enoyl-CoA isomerase isoform 1 variant
  102. Nef-associated protein 1
  103. Peroxisomal D3,D2-enoyl-CoA isomerase isoform 1 variant
  104. Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 9, mitochondrial
  105. Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3, mitochondrial
  106. Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 1
  107. Cytosolic acyl coenzyme A thioester hydrolase-like
  108. Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2, mitochondrial
  109. Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 11
  110. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase ACSBG2
  111. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase ACSBG1
  112. Golgi resident protein GCP60
  113. Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 4
  114. cDNA FLJ32907 fis, clone TESTI2005742, highly similar to Homo sapiens acyl-Coenzyme A binding domain containing 5 (ACBD5), mRNA
  115. cDNA, FLJ94802
  116. Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 5
  117. Putative uncharacterized protein ACBD7
  118. ACAD11 protein
  119. Putative uncharacterized protein HADHA
  120. KIAA1996 protein
  121. Benzodiazepine receptor ligand
  122. cDNA FLJ38219 fis, clone FCBBF2001427, highly similar to Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 7
  123. Putative uncharacterized protein HADHA
  124. Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 6
  125. Diazepam binding inhibitor, splice form 1c
  126. PECI protein
  127. cDNA FLJ53969, highly similar to Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha, mitochondrial
  128. Acyl-Coenzyme A binding domain containing 5
  129. Acyl-Coenzyme A binding domain containing 5, isoform CRA_a
  130. cDNA FLJ50016, highly similar to Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 4
  131. Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 7
  132. Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5260
Enzyme 1 Name 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. Beta- ketothiolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase
  3. Mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl- CoA thiolase
  4. T1
Enzyme 1 Gene Name ACAA2
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial
MALLRGVFVVAAKRTPFGAYGGLLKDFTATDLSEFAAKAALSAGKVSPETVDSVIMGNVL
QSSSDAIYLARHVGLRVGIPKETPALTINRLCGSGFQSIVNGCQEICVKEAEVVLCGGTE
SMSQAPYCVRNVRFGTKLGSDIKLEDSLWVSLTDQHVQLPMAMTAENLAVKHKISREECD
KYALQSQQRWKAANDAGYFNDEMAPIEVKTKKGKQTMQVDEHARPQTTLEQLQKLPPVFK
KDGTVTAGNASGVADGAGAVIIASEDAVKKHNFTPLARIVGYFVSGCDPSIMGIGPVPAI
SGALKKAGLSLKDMDLVEVNEAFAPQYLAVERSLDLDISKTNVNGGAIALGHPLGGSGSR
ITAHLVHELRRRGGKYAVGSACIGGGQGIAVIIQSTA
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 397
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 41925
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 8.21
Enzyme 1 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 1 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA
Enzyme 1 Pathways
  • Benzoate Degradation via Hydroxylation (map00362 Link Image)
  • Bile Acid Biosynthesis (map00120 Link Image)
  • Fatty Acid Elongation In Mitochondria (map00062 Link Image)
  • Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 Link Image)
  • Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 Link Image)
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • 1-12
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 509676 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P42765 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name THIM_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1194 bp
ATGCGTCTGCTCCGAGGTGTGTTTGTAGTTGCTGCTAAGCGAACGCCCTTTGGAGCTTAC
GGAGGCCTTCTGAAAGACTTCACTGCTACTGACTTGTCTGAATTTGCTGCCAAGGCTGCC
TTGTCTGCTGGCAAAGTCTCACCTGAAACAGTTGACAGTGTGATTATGGGCAATGTCCTG
CAGAGTTCTTCAGATGCTATATATTTGGCAAGGCATGTTGGTTTGCGTGTGGGAATCCCA
AAGGAGACCCCAGCTCTCACGATTAATAGGCTCTGTGGTTCTGGTTTTCAGTCCATTGTG
AATGGATGTCAGGAAATTTGTGTTAAAGAAGCTGAAGTTGTTTTATGTGGAGGAACCGAA
AGCATGAGCCAAGCTCCCTACTGTGTCAGAAATGTGCGTTTTGGAACCAAGCTTGGATCA
GATATCAAGCTGGAAGATTCTTTATGGGTATCATTAACAGATCAGCATGTCCAGCTCCCC
ATGGCAATGACTGCAGAGAATCTTACTGTAAAACACAAAATAAGCAGAGAAGAATGTGAC
AAATATGCCCTGCAGTCACAGCAGAGATGGAAAGCTGCTAATGATGCTGGCTACTTTAAT
GATGAAATGGCACCAATTGAAGTGAAGACAAAGAAAGGAAAACAGACAATGCAGGTAGAC
GAGCATGCTCGGCCCCAAACCACCCTGGAACAGTTACAGAAACTTCCTCCAGTATTCAAG
AAAGATGGAACTGTTACTGCAGGGAATGCATCGGGTGTAGCTGATGGTGCTGGAGCTGTT
ATCATAGCTAGTGAAGATGCTGTTAAGAAACATAACTTCACACCACTGGCAAGAATTGTG
GGCTACTTTGTATCTGGATGTGATCCCTCTATCATGGGTATTGGTCCTGTCCCTGCTATC
AGTGGGGCACTGAAGAAAGCAGGACTGAGTCTTAAGGACATGGATTTGGTAGAGGTGAAT
GAAGCTTTTGCTCCCCAGTACTTGGCTGTTGAGAGGAGTTTGGATCTTGACATAAGTAAA
ACCAATGTGAATGGAGGAGCCATTGCTTTGGGTCACCCACTGGGAGGATCTGGATCAAGA
ATTACTGCACACCTGGTTCACGAATTAAGGCGTCGAGGTGGAAAATATGCCGTTGGATCA
GCTTGCATTGGAGGTGGCCAAGGTATTGCTGTCATCATTCAGAGCACAGCCTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID D16294 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID ACAA2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID ACAA2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:83 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 18
Enzyme 1 Locus 18q21.1
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Abe H, Ohtake A, Yamamoto S, Satoh Y, Takayanagi M, Amaya Y, Takiguchi M, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y, Mori M, et al.: Cloning and sequence analysis of a full length cDNA encoding human mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 16;1216(2):304-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5274
Enzyme 2 Name 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal precursor
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Beta- ketothiolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase
  3. Peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase
Enzyme 2 Gene Name ACAA1
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal precursor
MQRLQVVLGHLRGPADSGWMPQAAPCLSGAPQASAADVVVVHGRRTAICRAGRGGFKDTT
PDELLSAVMTAVLKDVNLRPEQLGDICVGNVLQPGAGAIMARIAQFLSDIPETVPLSTVN
RQCSSGLQAVASIAGGIRNGSYDIGMACGVESMSLADRGNPGNITSRLMEKEKARDCLIP
MGITSENVAERFGISREKQDTFALASQQKAARAQSKGCFQAEIVPVTTTVHDDKGTKRSI
TVTQDEGIRPSTTMEGLAKLKPAFKKDGSTTAGNSSQVSDGAAAILLARRSKAEELGLPI
LGVLRSYAVVGVPPDIMGIGPAYAIPVALQKAGLTVSDVDIFEINEAFASQAAYCVEKLR
LPPEKVNPLGGAVALGHPLGCTGARQVITLLNELKRRGKRAYGVVSMCIGTGMGAAAVFE
YPGN
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 424
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 44293
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 8.55
Enzyme 2 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 2 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA
Enzyme 2 Pathways
  • Benzoate Degradation via Hydroxylation (map00362 Link Image)
  • Bile Acid Biosynthesis (map00120 Link Image)
  • Fatty Acid Elongation In Mitochondria (map00062 Link Image)
  • Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 Link Image)
  • Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 Link Image)
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 23874 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P09110 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name THIK_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1275 bp
ATGCAGAGGCTGCAGGTAGTGCTGGGCCACCTGAGGGGTCCGGCCGATTCCGGCTGGATG
CCGCAGGCCGCGCCTTGCCTGAGCGGTGCCCCGCAGGCCTCGGCCGCGGACGTGGTGGTG
GTGCACGGGCGGCGCACGGCCATCTGCCGGGCGGGCCGCGGCGGCTTCAAGGACACCACC
CCCGACGAGCTTCTCTCGGCAGTCATGACCGCGGTTCTCAAGGACGTGAATCTGAGGCCG
GAACAGCTGGGGGACATCTGTGTCGGAAATGTGCTGCAGCCTGGGGCCGGGGCAATCATG
GCCCGAATCGCCCAGTTTCTGAGTGACATCCCGGAGACTGTGCCTTTGTCCACTGTCAAT
AGACAGTGCTCGTCGGGGCTACAGGCAGTGGCCAGCATAGCAGGTGGCATCAGAAATGGG
TCTTATGACATTGGCATGGCCTGTGGGGTGGAGTCCATGTCCCTGGCTGACAGAGGGAAC
CCTGGAAATATTACTTCGCGCTTGATGGAGAAGGAGAAGGCCAGAGATTGCCTGATTCCT
ATGGGGATAACCTCTGAGAATGTGGCTGAGCGGTTTGGCATTTCACGGGAGAAGCAGGAT
ACCTTTGCCCTGGCTTCCCAGCAGAAGGCAGCAAGAGCCCAGAGCAAGGGCTGTTTCCAA
GCTGAGATTGTGCCTGTGACCACCACGGTCCATGATGACAAGGGCACCAAGAGGAGCATC
ACTGTGACCCAGGATGAGGGTATCCGCCCCAGCACCACCATGGAGGGCCTGGCCAAACTG
AAGCCTGCCTTCAAGAAAGATGGTTCTACCACAGCTGGAAACTCTAGCCAGGTGAGTGAT
GGGGCAGCTGCCATCCTGCTGGCCCGGAGGTCCAAGGCAGAAGAGTTGGGCCTTCCCATC
CTTGGGGTCCTGAGGTCTTATGCAGTGGTTGGGGTCCCACCTGACATCATGGGCATTGGA
CCTGCCTATGCCATCCCAGTAGCTTTGCAAAAAGCAGGGCTGACAGTGAGTGACGTGGAC
ATCTTCGAGATCAATGAGGCCTTTGCAAGCCAGGCTGCCTACTGTGTGGAGAAGCTACGA
CTCCCCCCTGAGAAGGTGAACCCCCTGGGGGGTGCAGTGGCCTTAGGGCACCCACTGGGC
TGCACTGGGGCACGACAGGTCATCACGCTGCTCAATGAGCTGAAGCGCCGTGGGAAGAGG
GCATACGGAGTGGTGTCCATGTGCATCGGGACTGGAATGGGAGCCGCTGCCGTCTTTGAA
TACCCTGGGAACTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID X12966 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID ACAA1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID ACAA1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:82 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 3
Enzyme 2 Locus 3p23-p22
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Bout A, Teunissen Y, Hashimoto T, Benne R, Tager JM: Nucleotide sequence of human peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Nov 11;16(21):10369. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Fairbairn LJ, Tanner MJ: Complete cDNA sequence of human foetal liver peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 May 11;17(9):3588. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Bout A, Franse MM, Collins J, Blonden L, Tager JM, Benne R: Characterization of the gene encoding human peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase (ACAA). No large DNA rearrangement in a thiolase-deficient patient. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Aug 27;1090(1):43-51. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5277
Enzyme 3 Name Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. TP-beta[Includes: 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
  2. Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase
  3. Beta-ketothiolase]
Enzyme 3 Gene Name HADHB
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta, mitochondrial precursor
MTILTYPFKNLPTASKWALRFSIRPLSCSSQLRAAPAVQTKTKKTLAKPNIRNVVVVDGV
RTPFLLSGTSYKDLMPHDLARAALTGLLHRTSVPKEVVDYIIFGTVIQEVKTSNVAREAA
LGAGFSDKTPAHTVTMACISANQAMTTGVGLIASGQCDVIVAGGVELMSDVPIRHSRKMR
KLMLDLNKAKSMGQRLSLISKFRFNFLAPELPAVSEFSTSETMGHSADRLAAAFAVSRLE
QDEYALRSHSLAKKAQDEGLLSDVVPFKVPGKDTVTKDNGIRPSSLEQMAKLKPAFIKPY
GTVTAANSSFLTDGASAMLIMAEEKALAMGYKPKAYLRDFMYVSQDPKDQLLLGPTYATP
KVLEKAGLTMNDIDAFEFHEAFSGQILANFKAMDSDWFAENYMGRKTKVGLPPLEKFNNW
GGSLSLGHPFGATGCRLVMAAANRLRKEGGQYGLVAACAAGGQGHAMIVEAYPK
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 474
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 51295
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 9.94
Enzyme 3 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 3 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA
Enzyme 3 Pathways
  • Benzoate Degradation via Hydroxylation (map00362 Link Image)
  • Bile Acid Biosynthesis (map00120 Link Image)
  • Fatty Acid Elongation In Mitochondria (map00062 Link Image)
  • Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 Link Image)
  • Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 Link Image)
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 862458 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P55084 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ECHB_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1425 bp
ATGACTATCTTGACTTACCCCTTTAAAAATCTTCCCACTGCATCAAAATGGGCCCTCAGA
TTTTCCATAAGACCTCTGAGCTGTTCCTCCCAGCTACGAGCTGCCCCAGCTGTCCAGACC
AAAACGAAGAAGACGTTAGCCAAACCCAATATAAGGAATGTTGTGGTGGTGGATGGTGTT
CGCACTCCATTTTTGCTGTCTGGCACTTCATATAAAGACCTGATGCCACATGATTTGGCT
AGAGCAGCGCTTACGGGTTTGTTGCATCGGACCAGTGTCCCTAAGGAAGTAGTTGATTAT
ATCATCTTTGGTACAGTTATTCAGGAAGTGAAAACAAGCAATGTGGCTAGAGAGGCTGCC
CTTGGAGCTGGCTTCTCTGACAAGACTCCTGCTCACACTGTCACCATGGCTTGTATCTCT
GCCAACCAAGCCATGACCACAGGTGTTGGCTTGATTGCTTCTGGCCAGTGTGATGTGATC
GTGGCAGGTGGTGTTGAGTTGATGTCCGATGTCCCTATTCGTCACTCAAGGAAAATGAGA
AAACTGATGCTTGATCTCAATAAGGCCAAATCTATGGGCCAGCGACTGTCTTTAATCTCT
AAATTCCGATTTAATTTCCTAGCACCTGAGCTCCCTGCGGTTTCTGAGTTCTCCACCAGT
GAGACCATGGGCCACTCTGCAGACCGACTGGCCGCTGCCTTTGCTGTTTCTCGGCTGGAA
CAGGATGAATATGCACTGCGCTCTCACAGTCTAGCCAAGAAGGCACAGGATGAAGGACTC
CTTTCTGATGTGGTACCCTTCAAAGTACCAGGAAAAGATACAGTTACCAAAGATAATGGC
ATCCGTCCTTCCTCACTGGAGCAGATGGCCAAACTAAAACCTGCATTCATCAAGCCCTAC
GGCACAGTGACAGCTGCAAATTCTTCTTTCTTGACTGATGGTGCATCTGCAATGTTAATC
ATGGCGGAGGAAAAGGCTCTGGCCATGGGTTATAAGCCGAAGGCATATTTGAGGGATTTT
ATGTATGTGTCTCAGGATCCAAAAGATCAACTATTACTTGGACCAACATATGCTACTCCA
AAAGTTCTAGAAAAGGCAGGATTGACCATGAATGATATTGATGCTTTTGAATTTCATGAA
GCTTTCTCGGGTCAGATTTTGGCAAATTTTAAAGCCATGGATTCTGATTGGTTTGCAGAA
AACTACATGGGTAGAAAAACCAAGGTTGGATTGCCTCCTTTGGAGAAGTTTAATAACTGG
GGTGGATCTCTGTCCCTGGGACACCCATTTGGAGCCACTGGCTGCAGGTTGGTCATGGCT
GCTGCCAACAGATTACGGAAAGAAGGAGGCCAGTATGGCTTAGTGGCTGCGTGTGCAGCT
GGAGGGCAGGGCCATGCTATGATAGTGGAAGCTTATCCAAAATAA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID D16481 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID HADHB Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID HADHB Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:4803 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 3 Locus 2p23
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Kamijo T, Aoyama T, Komiyama A, Hashimoto T: Structural analysis of cDNAs for subunits of human mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation trifunctional protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Mar 15;199(2):818-25. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Orii KE, Aoyama T, Wakui K, Fukushima Y, Miyajima H, Yamaguchi S, Orii T, Kondo N, Hashimoto T: Genomic and mutational analysis of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein beta-subunit (HADHB) gene in patients with trifunctional protein deficiency. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Aug;6(8):1215-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Ushikubo S, Aoyama T, Kamijo T, Wanders RJ, Rinaldo P, Vockley J, Hashimoto T: Molecular characterization of mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency: formation of the enzyme complex is important for stabilization of both alpha- and beta-subunits. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 May;58(5):979-88. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 5280
Enzyme 4 Name Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. MMSDH
  2. Malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating]
Enzyme 4 Gene Name ALDH6A1
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial precursor
MAALLAAAAVRARILQVSSKVKSSPTWYSASSFSSSVPTVKLFIGGKFVESKSDKWIDIH
NPATNEVIGRVPQATKAEMDAAIASCKRAFPAWADTSVLSRQQVLLRYQQLIKENLKEIA
KLITLEQGKTLADAEGDVFRGLQVVEHACSVTSLMMGETMPSITKDMDLYSYRLPLGVCA
GIAPFNFPAMIPLWMFPMAMVCGNTFLMKPSERVPGATMLLAKLLQDSGAPDGTLNIIHG
QHEAVNFICDHPDIKAISFVGSNKAGEYIFERGSRHGKRVQANMGAKNHGVVMPDANKEN
TLNQLVGAAFGAAGQRCMALSTAVLVGEAKKWLPELVEHAKNLRVNAGDQPGADLGPLIT
PQAKERVCNLIDSGTKEGASILLDGRKIKVKGYENGNFVGPTIISNVKPNMTCYKEEIFG
PVLVVLETETLDEAIQIVNNNPYGNGTAIFTTNGATARKYAHLVDVGQVGVNVPIPVPLP
MFSFTGSRSSFRGDTNFYGKQGIQFYTQLKTITSQWKEEDATLSSPAVVMPTMGR
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 535
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 57840
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 8.69
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Process
  • amino acid and derivative metabolism
  • amino acid metabolism
  • branched chain family amino acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • valine metabolism
Component
Enzyme 4 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA
Enzyme 4 Pathways
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NAD+ = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • 1-19
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • 174-196
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 7160985 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q02252 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MMSA_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >1608 bp
ATGGCGGCGCTATTGGCGGCGGCGGCAGTGCGAGCCCGGATCCTGCAGGTTTCTTCCAAG
GTGAAATCCAGTCCCACCTGGTATTCAGCATCTTCCTTCTCTTCTTCAGTGCCAACTGTA
AAGCTCTTCATTGGTGGGAAATTCGTTGAATCCAAAAGTGACAAATGGATCGATATCCAC
AACCCAGCCACCAATGAGGTCATTGGTCGGGTCCCTCAGGCCACCAAGGCAGAAATGGAT
GCAGCCATTGCTTCCTGCAAACGTGCTTTTCCTGCATGGGCAGACACTTCAGTATTAAGC
CGCCAGCAGGTCTTGCTCCGCTATCAACAACTTATTAAAGAAAACTTGAAAGAAATTGCC
AAGTTAATCACATTGGAACAAGGGAAGACCCTAGCTGATGCTGAAGGAGATGTATTTCGA
GGCCTTCAGGTGGTTGAGCATGCCTGTAGTGTGACATCCCTCATGATGGGAGAGACCATG
CCATCCATCACCAAAGACATGGACCTTTATTCCTACCGTCTGCCTCTGGGAGTGTGTGCA
GGCATTGCTCCATTCAATTTTCCTGCCATGATCCCCCTTTGGATGTTTCCCATGGCCATG
GTGTGTGGAAATACCTTCCTAATGAAACCATCTGAGCGAGTCCCTGGAGCAACTATGCTT
CTTGCTAAGTTGCTCCAGGATTCTGGTGCCCCTGATGGAACATTAAACATCATCCATGGA
CAGCATGAAGCTGTAAATTTTATTTGCGATCATCCGGACATCAAAGCAATCAGCTTTGTG
GGATCCAACAAGGCAGGAGAGTATATCTTCGAGAGAGGATCAAGACATGGCAAGAGGGTT
CAAGCCAATATGGGAGCCAAGAACCATGGGGTAGTCATGCCAGATGCCAATAAGGAAAAT
ACCCTGAACCAGCTGGTTGGGGCAGCATTTGGAGCTGCTGGTCAGCGCTGCATGGCTCTT
TCAACAGCAGTCCTTGTGGGAGAAGCCAAGAAGTGGCTGCCAGAGCTGGTGGAGCATGCC
AAAAACCTGAGAGTCAATGCAGGAGATCAGCCTGGAGCTGATCTTGGCCCTCTGATCACT
CCCCAGGCCAAAGAGCGAGTCTGTAATCTGATTGATAGTGGAACAAAGGAGGGAGCTTCC
ATCCTTCTTGATGGACGAAAAATTAAAGTGAAAGGCTATGAAAATGGCAACTTTGTTGGA
CCAACCATCATCTCGAATGTCAAGCCAAATATGACCTGTTACAAAGAGGAGATTTTTGGT
CCAGTTCTTGTGGTTCTGGAGACAGAAACATTGGATGAAGCCATCCAGATTGTAAATAAC
AACCCATATGGAAATGGAACTGCCATCTTCACCACCAATGGAGCCACTGCTCGGAAATAT
GCCCACTTGGTGGATGTTGGACAGGTGGGAGTGAATGTCCCCATTCCAGTGCCTTTGCCA
ATGTTCTCATTCACCGGCTCTCGATCCTCCTTCAGGGGAGACACCAATTTCTATGGCAAA
CAGGGCATCCAATTCTACACTCAGTTAAAGACCATTACTTCTCAGTGGAAAGAAGAAGAT
GCTACTCTTTCCTCACCTGCTGTTGTCATGCCTACCATGGGCCGTTAG
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID AJ249994 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID ALDH6A1 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID ALDH6A1 Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:7179 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 14
Enzyme 4 Locus 14q24.3
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. Chambliss KL, Gray RG, Rylance G, Pollitt RJ, Gibson KM: Molecular characterization of methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2000 Jul;23(5):497-504. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kedishvili NY, Popov KM, Rougraff PM, Zhao Y, Crabb DW, Harris RA: CoA-dependent methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, a unique member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. cDNA cloning, evolutionary relationships, and tissue distribution. J Biol Chem. 1992 Sep 25;267(27):19724-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 5334
Enzyme 5 Name Long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 5 Synonyms
  1. LCAD
Enzyme 5 Gene Name ACADL
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
MAARLLRGSLRVLGGHRAPRQLPAARCSHSGGEERLETPSAKKLTDIGIRRIFSPEHDIF
RKSVRKFFQEEVIPHHSEWEKAGEVSREVWEKAGKQGLLGVNIAEHLGGIGGDLYSAAIV
WEEQAYSNCSGPGFSIHSGIVMSYITNHGSEEQIKHFIPQMTAGKCIGAIAMTEPGAGSD
LQGIKTNAKKDGSDWILNGSKVFISNGSLSDVVIVVAVTNHEAPSPAHGISLFLVENGMK
GFIKGRKLHKMGLKAQDTAELFFEDIRLPASALLGEENKGFYYIMKELPQERLLIADVAI
SATEFMFEETRNYVKQRKAFGKTVAHLQTVQHQLAELKTHICVTRAFVDNCLQLHEAKRL
DSATACMAKYWASELQNSVAYDCVQLHGGWGYMWEYPIAKAYVDARVQPIYGGTNEIMKE
LIAREIVFDK
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 430
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 47670
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 7.67
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 5 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor
Enzyme 5 Pathways
Enzyme 5 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 177962 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P28330 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACADL_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >1293 bp
ATGGCCGCACGCCTTCTCCGAGGGTCCCTACGCGTCCTGGGCGGCCACCGTGCGCCGCGC
CAGCTGCCCGCCGCGCGATGTTCTCATTCCGGAGGGGAAGAACGTCTAGAAACTCCTTCT
GCTAAAAAATTAACAGATATAGGAATTCGAAGAATCTTTTCTCCAGAGCATGACATTTTC
CGGAAAAGTGTAAGGAAGTTTTTCCAAGAAGAAGTGATTCCTCATCACTCAGAATGGGAG
AAAGCTGGAGAAGTAAGTAGGGAGGTTTGGGAAAAAGCTGGAAAACAAGGACTGCTTGGT
GTCAATATTGCAGAGCATCTTGGTGGAATTGGAGGGGATCTGTACTCCGCAGCTATTGTC
TGGGAGGAGCAAGCTTATTCAAATTGTTCAGGCCCAGGTTTTAGTATTCATTCAGGTATT
GTCATGTCCTATATTACAAACCATGGCTCAGAAGAACAGATTAAGCACTTTATTCCCCAG
ATGACTGCAGGCAAATGTATTGGTGCAATAGCAATGACAGAGCCTGGAGCTGGAAGTGAC
TTACAGGGAATAAAAACAAATGCTAAAAAGGATGGAAGTGACTGGATTCTCAATGGAAGC
AAGGTGTTCATCAGTAATGGGTCATTAAGTGATGTTGTGATTGTAGTTGCGGTCACAAAT
CATGAAGCTCCCTCCCCTGCCCATGGTATTAGCCTTTTTCTGGTGGAAAATGGAATGAAA
GGATTTATCAAGGGACGAAAGCTACATAAAATGGGATTAAAAGCCCAGGATACCGCAGAA
CTATTCTTTGAAGATATACGGTTGCCAGCTAGTGCCCTACTTGGAGAAGAGAATAAAGGC
TTCTATTACATCATGAAAGAGCTTCCACAGGAAAGGCTGTTAATTGCTGATGTGGCAATT
TCAGCTAGTGAATTCATGTTTGAAGAAACCAGGAACTATGTTAAACAAAGAAAAGCTTTT
GGCAAAACAGTTGCTCACCTACAGACAGTGCAACATAAATTAGCAGAATTAAAAACACAT
ATATGTGTAACCCGAGCATTTGTGGACAACTGTCTCCAGCTGCATGAAGCGAAACGTTTG
GACTCCGCCACTGCTTGCATGGCGAAATATTGGGCATCTGAGTTACAAAATAGTGTAGCT
TACGACTGTGTACAGCTCCATGGAGGTTGGGGATACATGTGGGAGTACCCAATTGCAAAA
GCTTATGTGGATGCCAGAGTTCAGCCAATCTATGGTGGTACAAATGAAATAATGAAGGAG
CTGATTGCAAGAGAGATTGTCTTTGACAAGTAG
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID M74096 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID ACADL Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID ACADL Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:88 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 5 Locus 2q34-q35
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References
  1. Indo Y, Yang-Feng T, Glassberg R, Tanaka K: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNAs encoding human long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and assignment of the location of its gene (ACADL) to chromosome 2. Genomics. 1991 Nov;11(3):609-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Indo Y, Yang-Feng T, Glassberg R, Tanaka K: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNAs encoding human long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and assignment of the location of its gene (ACADL) to chromosome 2. Genomics. 1992 Mar;12(3):626. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 6 [top]
Enzyme 6 ID 5335
Enzyme 6 Name Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 6 Synonyms
  1. SCAD
  2. Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
Enzyme 6 Gene Name ACADS
Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence >Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
MAAALLARASGPARRALCPRAWRQLHTIYQSVELPETHQMLLQTCRDFAEKELFPIAAQV
DKEHLFPAAQVKKMGGLGLLAMDVPEELGGAGLDYLAYAIAMEEISRGCASTGVIMSVNN
SLYLGPILKFGSKEQKQAWVTPFTSGDKIGCFALSEPGNGSDAGAASTTARAEGDSWVLN
GTKAWITNAWEASAAVVFASTDRALQNKGISAFLVPMPTPGLTLGKKEDKLGIRGSSTAN
LIFEDCRIPKDSILGEPGMGFKIAMQTLDMGRIGIASQALGIAQTALDCAVNYAENRMAF
GAPLTKLQVIQFKLADMALALESARLLTWRAAMLKDNKKPFIKEAAMAKLAASEAATAIS
HQAIQILGGMGYVTEMPAERHYRDARITEIYEGTSEIQRLVIAGHLLRSYRS
Enzyme 6 Number of Residues 412
Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight 44298
Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI 8.12
Enzyme 6 GO Classification
Function
  • acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 6 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 6 Specific Function Butanoyl-CoA + acceptor = 2-butenoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor
Enzyme 6 Pathways
Enzyme 6 Reactions
  • butanoyl-CoA + acceptor = 2-butenoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor
Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 6 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 6 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein 337928 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P16219 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACADS_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB ID 1JQI Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB File Show
Enzyme 6 3D Structure
Enzyme 6 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence >1239 bp
ATGGCCGCCGCGCTGCTCGCCCGGGCCTCGGGCCCTGCCCGCAGAGCTCTCTGTCCTAGG
GCCTGGCGGCAGTTACACACCATCTACCAGTCTGTGGAACTGCCCGAGACACACCAGATG
TTGCTCCAGACATGCCGGGACTTTGCCGAGAAGGAGTTGTTTCCCATTGCAGCCCAGGTG
GATAAGGAACATCTCTTCCCAGCGGCTCAGGTGAAGAAGATGGGCGGGCTTGGGCTTCTG
GCCATGGACGTGCCCGAGGAGCTTGGCGGTGCTGGCCTCGATTACCTGGCCTACGCCATC
GCCATGGAGGAGATCAGCCGTGGCTGCGCCTCCACCGGAGTCATCATGAGTGTCAACAAC
TCTCTCTACCTGGGGCCCATCTTGAAGTTTGGCTCCAAGGAGCAGAAGCAGGCGTGGGTC
ACGCCTTTCACCAGTGGTGACAAAATTGGCTGCTTTGCCCTCAGCGAACCAGGGAACGGC
AGTGATGCAGGAGCTGCGTCCACCACCGCCCGGGCCGAGGGCGACTCATGGGTTCTGAAT
GGAACCAAAGCCTGGATCACCAATGCCTGGGAGGCTTCGGCTGCCGTGGTCTTTGCCAGC
ACGGACAGAGCCCTGCAAAACAAGGGCATCAGTGCCTTCCTGGTCCCCATGCCAACGCCT
GGGCTCACGTTGGGGAAGAAAGAAGACAAGCTGGGCATCCGGGGCTCATCCACGGCCAAC
CTCATCTTTGAGGACTGTCGCATCCCCAAGGACAGCATCCTGGGGGAGCCAGGGATGGGC
TTCAAGATAGCCATGCAAACCCTGGACATGGGCCGCATCGGCATCGCCTCCCAGGCCCTG
GGCATTGCCCAGACCGCCCTCGATTGTGCTGTGAACTACGCTGAGAATCGCATGGCCTTC
GGGGCGCCCCTCACCAAGCTCCAGGTCATCCAGTTCAAGTTGGCAGACATGGCCCTGGCC
CTGGAGAGTGCCCGGCTGCTGACCTGGCGCGCTGCCATGCTGAAGGATAACAAGAAGCCT
TTCATCAAGGAGGCAGCCATGGCCAAGCTGGCCGCCTCGGAGGCCGCGACCGCCATCAGC
CACCAGGCCATCCAGATCCTGGGCGGCATGGGCTACGTGACAGAGATGCCGGCAGAGCGG
CACTACCGCGACGCCCGCATCACTGAGATCTACGAGGGCACCAGCGAAATCCAGCGGCTG
GTGATCGCCGGGCATCTGCTCAGGAGCTACCGGAGCTGA
Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID M26393 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID ACADS Link Image
Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID ACADS Link Image
Enzyme 6 HGNC ID HGNC:90 Link Image
Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location 12
Enzyme 6 Locus 12q22-qter
Enzyme 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 6 General References
  1. Naito E, Ozasa H, Ikeda Y, Tanaka K: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of complementary DNAs encoding human short chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase and the study of the molecular basis of human short chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1989 May;83(5):1605-13. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Corydon MJ, Andresen BS, Bross P, Kjeldsen M, Andreasen PH, Eiberg H, Kolvraa S, Gregersen N: Structural organization of the human short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene. Mamm Genome. 1997 Dec;8(12):922-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Hochstrasser DF, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Bairoch A, Ravier F, Pasquali C, Sanchez JC, Tissot JD, Bjellqvist B, Vargas R, et al.: Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison. Electrophoresis. 1992 Dec;13(12):992-1001. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Naito E, Indo Y, Tanaka K: Identification of two variant short chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase alleles, each containing a different point mutation in a patient with short chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1990 May;85(5):1575-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gregersen N, Winter VS, Corydon MJ, Corydon TJ, Rinaldo P, Ribes A, Martinez G, Bennett MJ, Vianey-Saban C, Bhala A, Hale DE, Lehnert W, Kmoch S, Roig M, Riudor E, Eiberg H, Andresen BS, Bross P, Bolund LA, Kolvraa S: Identification of four new mutations in the short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) gene in two patients: one of the variant alleles, 511C-->T, is present at an unexpectedly high frequency in the general population, as was the case for 625G-->A, together conferring susceptibility to ethylmalonic aciduria. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Apr;7(4):619-27. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Corydon MJ, Vockley J, Rinaldo P, Rhead WJ, Kjeldsen M, Winter V, Riggs C, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Smeitink J, De Jong J, Levy H, Sewell AC, Roe C, Matern D, Dasouki M, Gregersen N: Role of common gene variations in the molecular pathogenesis of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Pediatr Res. 2001 Jan;49(1):18-23. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 6 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 7 [top]
Enzyme 7 ID 5336
Enzyme 7 Name Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 7 Synonyms
  1. MCAD
Enzyme 7 Gene Name ACADM
Enzyme 7 Protein Sequence >Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
MAAGFGRCCRVLRSISRFHWRSQHTKANRQREPGLGFSFEFTEQQKEFQATARKFAREEI
IPVAAEYDKTGEYPVPLIRRAWELGLMNTHIPENCGGLGLGTFDACLISEELAYGCTGVQ
TAIEGNSLGQMPIIIAGNDQQKKKYLGRMTEEPLMCAYCVTEPGAGSDVAGIKTKAEKKG
DEYIINGQKMWITNGGKANWYFLLARSDPDPKAPANKAFTGFIVEADTPGIQIGRKELNM
GQRCSDTRGIVFEDVKVPKENVLIGDGAGFKVAMGAFDKTRPVVAAGAVGLAQRALDEAT
KYALERKTFGKLLVEHQAISFMLAEMAMKVELARMSYQRAAWEVDSGRRNTYYASIAKAF
AGDIANQLATDAVQILGGNGFNTEYPVEKLMRDAKIYQIYEGTSQIQRLIVAREHIDKYK
N
Enzyme 7 Number of Residues 421
Enzyme 7 Molecular Weight 46589
Enzyme 7 Theoretical pI 8.51
Enzyme 7 GO Classification
Function
  • acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 7 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 7 Specific Function This enzyme is specific for acyl chain lengths of 4 to 16
Enzyme 7 Pathways
Enzyme 7 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + acceptor = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced acceptor
Enzyme 7 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 7 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 7 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 7 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank ID Protein 187433 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P11310 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACADM_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 7 PDB ID 1T9G Link Image
Enzyme 7 PDB File Show
Enzyme 7 3D Structure
Enzyme 7 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Gene Sequence >1266 bp
ATGGCAGCGGGGTTCGGGCGATGCTGCAGGGTCCTGAGAAGTATTTCTCGTTTTCATTGG
AGATCACAGCATACAAAAGCCAATCGACAACGTGAACCAGGATTAGGATTTAGTTTTGAG
TTCACCGAACAGCAGAAAGAATTTCAAGCTACTGCTCGTAAATTTGCCAGAGAGGAAATC
ATCCCAGTGGCTGCAGAATATGATAAAACTGGTGAATATCCAGTCCCCCTAATTAGAAGA
GCCTGGGAACTTGGTTTAATGAACACACACATTCCAGAGAACTGTGGAGGTCTTGGACTT
GGAACTTTTGATGCTTGTTTAATTAGTGAAGAATTGGCTTATGGATGTACAGGGGTTCAG
ACTGCTATTGAAGGAAATTCTTTGGGGCAAATGCCTATTATTATTGCTGGAAATGATCAA
CAAAAGAAGAAGTATTTGGGGAGAATGACTGAGGAGCCATTGATGTGTGCTTATTGTGTA
ACAGAACCTGGAGCAGGCTCTGATGTAGCTGGTATAAAGACCAAAGCAGAAAAGAAAGGA
GATGAGTATATTATTAATGGTCAGAAGATGTGGATAACCAACGGAGGAAAAGCTAATTGG
TATTTTTTATTGGCACGTTCTGATCCAGATCCTAAAGCTCCTGCTAATAAAGCCTTTACT
GGATTCATTGTGGAAGCAGATACCCCAGGAATTCAGATTGGGAGAAAGGAATTAAACATG
GGCCAGCGATGTTCAGATACTAGAGGAATTGTCTTCGAAGATGTGAAAGTGCCTAAAGAA
AATGTTTTAATTGGTGACGGAGCTGGTTTCAAAGTTGCAATGGGAGCTTTTGATAAAACC
AGACCTGTAGTAGCTGCTGGTGCTGTTGGATTAGCACAAAGAGCTTTGGATGAAGCTACC
AAGTATGCCCTGGAAAGGAAAACTTTCGGAAAGCTACTTGTAGAGCACCAAGCAATATCA
TTTATGCTGGCTGAAATGGCAATGAAAGTTGAACTAGCTAGAATGAGTTACCAGAGAGCA
GCTTGGGAGGTTGATTCTGGTCGTCGAAATACCTATTATGCTTCTATTGCAAAGGCATTT
GCTGGAGATATTGCAAATCAGTTAGCTACTGATGCTGTGCAGATACTTGGAGGCAATGGA
TTTAATACAGAATATCCTGTAGAAAAACTAATGAGGGATGCCAAAATCTATCAGATTTAT
GAAGGTACTTCACAAATTCAAAGACTTATTGTAGCCCGTGAACACATTGACAAGTACAAA
AATTAA
Enzyme 7 GenBank Gene ID M91432 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GeneCard ID ACADM Link Image
Enzyme 7 GenAtlas ID ACADM Link Image
Enzyme 7 HGNC ID HGNC:89 Link Image
Enzyme 7 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 7 Locus 1p31
Enzyme 7 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 7 General References
  1. Kelly DP, Kim JJ, Billadello JJ, Hainline BE, Chu TW, Strauss AW: Nucleotide sequence of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase mRNA and its expression in enzyme-deficient human tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):4068-72. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Matsubara Y, Narisawa K, Miyabayashi S, Tada K, Coates PM, Bachmann C, Elsas LJ 2nd, Pollitt RJ, Rhead WJ, Roe CR: Identification of a common mutation in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Aug 31;171(1):498-505. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Lee HJ, Wang M, Paschke R, Nandy A, Ghisla S, Kim JJ: Crystal structures of the wild type and the Glu376Gly/Thr255Glu mutant of human medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase: influence of the location of the catalytic base on substrate specificity. Biochemistry. 1996 Sep 24;35(38):12412-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Tanaka K, Yokota I, Coates PM, Strauss AW, Kelly DP, Zhang Z, Gregersen N, Andresen BS, Matsubara Y, Curtis D, et al.: Mutations in the medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) gene. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(4):271-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Yokota I, Indo Y, Coates PM, Tanaka K: Molecular basis of medium chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. An A to G transition at position 985 that causes a lysine-304 to glutamate substitution in the mature protein is the single prevalent mutation. J Clin Invest. 1990 Sep;86(3):1000-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Kelly DP, Whelan AJ, Ogden ML, Alpers R, Zhang ZF, Bellus G, Gregersen N, Dorland L, Strauss AW: Molecular characterization of inherited medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(23):9236-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Yokota I, Coates PM, Hale DE, Rinaldo P, Tanaka K: Molecular survey of a prevalent mutation, 985A-to-G transition, and identification of five infrequent mutations in the medium-chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) gene in 55 patients with MCAD deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Dec;49(6):1280-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Gregersen N, Andresen BS, Bross P, Winter V, Rudiger N, Engst S, Christensen E, Kelly D, Strauss AW, Kolvraa S, et al.: Molecular characterization of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency: identification of a lys329 to glu mutation in the MCAD gene, and expression of inactive mutant enzyme protein in E. coli. Hum Genet. 1991 Apr;86(6):545-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Blakemore AI, Singleton H, Pollitt RJ, Engel PC, Kolvraa S, Gregersen N, Curtis D: Frequency of the G985 MCAD mutation in the general population. Lancet. 1991 Feb 2;337(8736):298-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Andresen BS, Jensen TG, Bross P, Knudsen I, Winter V, Kolvraa S, Bolund L, Ding JH, Chen YT, Van Hove JL, et al.: Disease-causing mutations in exon 11 of the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Jun;54(6):975-88. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Ziadeh R, Hoffman EP, Finegold DN, Hoop RC, Brackett JC, Strauss AW, Naylor EW: Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in Pennsylvania: neonatal screening shows high incidence and unexpected mutation frequencies. Pediatr Res. 1995 May;37(5):675-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Brackett JC, Sims HF, Steiner RD, Nunge M, Zimmerman EM, deMartinville B, Rinaldo P, Slaugh R, Strauss AW: A novel mutation in medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase causes sudden neonatal death. J Clin Invest. 1994 Oct;94(4):1477-83. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Andresen BS, Bross P, Udvari S, Kirk J, Gray G, Kmoch S, Chamoles N, Knudsen I, Winter V, Wilcken B, Yokota I, Hart K, Packman S, Harpey JP, Saudubray JM, Hale DE, Bolund L, Kolvraa S, Gregersen N: The molecular basis of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency in compound heterozygous patients: is there correlation between genotype and phenotype? Hum Mol Genet. 1997 May;6(5):695-707. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Kuchler B, Abdel-Ghany AG, Bross P, Nandy A, Rasched I, Ghisla S: Biochemical characterization of a variant human medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase with a disease-associated mutation localized in the active site. Biochem J. 1999 Jan 15;337 ( Pt 2):225-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Yang BZ, Ding JH, Zhou C, Dimachkie MM, Sweetman L, Dasouki MJ, Wilkinson J, Roe CR: Identification of a novel mutation in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab. 2000 Mar;69(3):259-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Andresen BS, Dobrowolski SF, O'Reilly L, Muenzer J, McCandless SE, Frazier DM, Udvari S, Bross P, Knudsen I, Banas R, Chace DH, Engel P, Naylor EW, Gregersen N: Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) mutations identified by MS/MS-based prospective screening of newborns differ from those observed in patients with clinical symptoms: identification and characterization of a new, prevalent mutation that results in mild MCAD deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Jun;68(6):1408-18. Epub 2001 May 8. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Zschocke J, Schulze A, Lindner M, Fiesel S, Olgemoller K, Hoffmann GF, Penzien J, Ruiter JP, Wanders RJ, Mayatepek E: Molecular and functional characterisation of mild MCAD deficiency. Hum Genet. 2001 May;108(5):404-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Albers S, Levy HL, Irons M, Strauss AW, Marsden D: Compound heterozygosity in four asymptomatic siblings with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2001 Jun;24(3):417-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 7 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 8 [top]
Enzyme 8 ID 5378
Enzyme 8 Name Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1, peroxisomal
Enzyme 8 Synonyms
  1. Palmitoyl-CoA oxidase
  2. AOX
  3. Straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase
  4. SCOX
Enzyme 8 Gene Name ACOX1
Enzyme 8 Protein Sequence >Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1, peroxisomal
MNPDLRRERDSASFNPELLTHILDGSPEKTRRRREIENMILNDPDFQHEDLNFLTRSQRY
EVAVRKSAIMVKKMREFGIADPDEIMWFKKLHLVNFVEPVGLNYSMFIPTLLNQGTTAQK
EKWLLSSKGLQIIGTYAQTEMGHGTHLRGLETTATYDPETQEFILNSPTVTSIKWWPGGL
GKTSNHAIVLAQLITKGKCYGLHAFIVPIREIGTHKPLPGITVGDIGPKFGYDEIDNGYL
KMDNHRIPRENMLMKYAQVKPDGTYVKPLSNKLTYGTMVFVRSFLVGEAARALSKACTIA
IRYSAVRHQSEIKPGEPEPQILDFQTQQYKLFPLLATAYAFQFVGAYMKETYHRINEGIG
QGDLSELPELHALTAGLKAFTSWTANTGIEACRMACGGHGYSHCSGLPNIYVNFTPSCTF
EGENTVMMLQTARFLMKSYDQVHSGKLVCGMVSYLNDLPSQRIQPQQVAVWPTMVDINSP
ESLTEAYKLRAARLVEIAAKNLQKEVIHRKSKEVAWNLTSVDLVRASEAHCHYVVVKLFS
EKLLKIQDKAIQAVLRSLCLLYSLYGISQNAGDFLQGSIMTEPQITQVNQRVKELLTLIR
SDAVALVDAFDFQDVTLGSVLGRYDGNVYENLFEWAKNSPLNKAEVHESYKHLKSLQSKL
Enzyme 8 Number of Residues 660
Enzyme 8 Molecular Weight 74425
Enzyme 8 Theoretical pI 8.29
Enzyme 8 GO Classification
Function
  • FAD binding
  • acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
  • acyl-CoA oxidase activity
  • adenyl nucleotide binding
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • nucleotide binding
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
  • purine nucleotide binding
Process
  • carboxylic acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • fatty acid beta-oxidation
  • fatty acid metabolism
  • fatty acid oxidation
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • organic acid metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bound organelle
  • membrane-bound organelle
  • microbody
  • organelle
  • peroxisome
Enzyme 8 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 8 Specific Function Catalyzes the desaturation of very long chain acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs
Enzyme 8 Pathways
Enzyme 8 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + H2O2
Enzyme 8 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 8 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 8 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 8 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 8 GenBank ID Protein 458119 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q15067 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACOX1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 8 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 8 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 8 Gene Sequence >1983 bp
ATGAACCCGGACCTGCGCAGGGAGCGGGATTCCGCCAGCTTCAACCCGGAGCTGCTTACA
CACATCCTGGACGGCAGCCCCGAGAAAACGCGCCGCCGCCGAGAGATCGAGAACATGATC
CTGAACGACCCAGACTTCCAGCATGAGGACTTGAACTTCCTCACTCGCAGCCAGCGTTAT
GAGGTGGCTGTCAGGAAAAGTGCCATCATGGTGAAGAAGATGAGGGAGTTTGGCATCGCT
GACCCTGATGAAATTATGTGGTTTAAAAAACTACATTTGGTCAATTTTGTGGAACCTGTG
GGCCTCAATTACTCCATGTTTATTCCTACCTTGCTGAATCAGGGCACCACTGCTCAGAAA
GAGAAATGGCTGCTTTCATCCAAAGGACTCCAGATAATTGGCACCTACGCCCAGACGGAA
ATGGGCCACGGAACTCACCTTCGAGGCTTGGAAACCACAGCCACGTATGACCCTGAAACC
CAGGAGTTCATTCTCAACAGTCCTACTGTGACCTCCATTAAATGGTGGCCTGGTGGGCTT
GGAAAGACTTCAAATCATGCAATAGTTCTTGCCCAGCTCATCACTAAGGGAAAATGCTAT
GGATTACATGCCTTTATCGTACCTATTCGTGAAAATCGGACCCATAAGCCTTTGCCAGGA
ATTACCGTTGGTGACATCGGCCCCAAATTTGGTTATGATGAGATAGACAATGGCTACCTC
AAAATGGACAACCATCGTATTCCCAGAGAAAACATGCTGATGAAGTATGCCCAGGTGAAG
CCTGATGGACCATACGTGAAACCGCTGAGTAACAAGCTGACTTACGGGACCATGGTGTTT
GTCAGGTCCTTCCTTGTGGGAGAAGCTGCTCGGGCTCTGTCTAAGGCGTGCACCATTGCC
ATCCGATACAGCGCTGTGAGGCACCAGTCTGAAATCAAGCCAGGTGAACCAGAACCACAG
ATTTTGGATTTTCAAACCCAGCAGTATAAACTCTTTCCACTCCTGGCCACTGCCTATGCC
TTCCAGTTTGTGGGCGCATACATGAAGGAGACCTATCACCGGATTAACGAAGGCATTGGT
CAAGGGGACCTGAGTGAACTGCCTGAGCTTCATGCCCTCACCGCTGGACTGAAGGCTTTC
ACCTCCTGGACTGCAAACACTGGCATTGAAGCATGTCGGATGGCTTGTGGTGGGCATGGC
TATTCTCATTGCAGTGGTCTTCCAAATATTTATGTCAATTTCACCCCAAGCTGTACCTTT
GAGGGAGAAAACACTGTCATGATGCTCCAGACGGCTAGGTTCCTGATGAAAAGTTATGAT
CAGGTGCACTCAGGAAAGTTGGTGTGTGGCATGGTGTCCTATTTGAACGACCTGCCCAGT
CAGCGCATCCAGCCACAGCAGGTAGCAGTCTGGCCAACCATGGTGGATATCAACAGCCCC
GAAAGCCTAACCGAAGCATATAAACTCCGTGCAGCCAGATTAGTAGAAATTGCTGCAAAA
AACCTTCAAAAAGAAGTGATTCACAGAAAAAGCAAGGAGGTAGCTTGGAACCTAACTTCT
GTTGACCTTGTTCGAGCAAGTGAGGCACATTTGCACTATGGGTTAGTTAAGCTCTTTTCA
GAAAAACTCCTCAAAATTCAAGATAAAGCCATTCAAGCTGTCTTAAGGAGTTTATGTCTG
CTGTATTCTCTGTATGGAATCAGTCAGAACGCGGGGGATTTCCTTCAGGGGAGCATCATG
ACAGAGCCTCAGATTACACAAGTAAACCAGCGTGTAAAGGAGTTACTCACTCTGATTCGC
TCAGATGCTGTTGCTTTGGTTGATGCATTTGATTTTCAGGATGTGACACTTGGCTCTGTG
CTTGGCCGCTATGATGGGAATGTGTATGAAAACTTGTTTGAGTGGGCTAAGAACTCCCCA
CTGAACAAAGCAGAGGTCCACGAATCTTACAAGCACCTGAAGTCACTGCAGTCCAAGCTC
TGA
Enzyme 8 GenBank Gene ID U03268 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GeneCard ID ACOX1 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GenAtlas ID ACOX1 Link Image
Enzyme 8 HGNC ID HGNC:119 Link Image
Enzyme 8 Chromosome Location 17
Enzyme 8 Locus 17q24-q25|17q25.1
Enzyme 8 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 8 General References
  1. Varanasi U, Chu R, Chu S, Espinosa R, LeBeau MM, Reddy JK: Isolation of the human peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase gene: organization, promoter analysis, and chromosomal localization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Apr 12;91(8):3107-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chu R, Varanasi U, Chu S, Lin Y, Usuda N, Rao MS, Reddy JK: Overexpression and characterization of the human peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase in insect cells. J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 3;270(9):4908-15. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Fournier B, Saudubray JM, Benichou B, Lyonnet S, Munnich A, Clevers H, Poll-The BT: Large deletion of the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase gene in pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. J Clin Invest. 1994 Aug;94(2):526-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Aoyama T, Tsushima K, Souri M, Kamijo T, Suzuki Y, Shimozawa N, Orii T, Hashimoto T: Molecular cloning and functional expression of a human peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Feb 15;198(3):1113-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 8 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 9 [top]
Enzyme 9 ID 5396
Enzyme 9 Name Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2, peroxisomal
Enzyme 9 Synonyms
  1. 3-alpha,7- alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl-CoA 24-hydroxylase
  2. 3- alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl-CoA oxidase
  3. Trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA oxidase
  4. THCCox
  5. THCA-CoA oxidase
Enzyme 9 Gene Name ACOX2
Enzyme 9 Protein Sequence >Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2, peroxisomal
MGSPVHRVSLGDTWSRQMHPDIESERYMQSFDVERLTNILDGGAQNTALRRKVESIIHSY
PEFSCKDNYFMTQNERYKAAMRRAFHIRLIARRLGWLEDGRELGYAYRALSGDVALNIHR
VFVRALRSLGSEEQIAKWDPLCKNIQIIATYAQTELGHGTYLQGLETEATYDAATQEFVI
HSPTLTATKWWPGDLGRSATHALVQAQLICSGARRGMHAFIVPIRSLQDHTPLPGIIIGD
IGPKMDFDQTDNGFLQLNHVRVPRENMLSRFAQVLPDGTYVKLGTAQSNYLPMVVVRVEL
LSGEILPILQKACVIAMRYSVIRRQSRLRPSDPEAKVLDYQTQQQKLFPQLAISYAFHFL
AVSLLEFFQHSYTAILNQDFSFLPELHALSTGMKAMMSEFCTQGAEMCRRACGGHGYSKL
SGLPSLVTKLSASCTYEGENTVLYLQVARFLVKSYLQTQMSPGSTPQRSLSPSVAYLTAP
DLARCPAQRAADFLCPELYTTAWAHVAVRLIKDSVQHLQTLTQSGADQHEAWNQTTVIHL
QAAKVHCYYVTVKGFTEALEKLENEPAIQQVLKRLCDLHAIHGILTNSGDFLHDAFLSGA
QVDMARTAYLDLLRLIRKDAILLTDAFDFTDQCLNSALGCYDGNVYERLFQWAQKSPTNT
QENPAYEEYIRPLLQSWRSKL
Enzyme 9 Number of Residues 681
Enzyme 9 Molecular Weight 76828
Enzyme 9 Theoretical pI 7.59
Enzyme 9 GO Classification
Function
  • FAD binding
  • acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
  • acyl-CoA oxidase activity
  • adenyl nucleotide binding
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • nucleotide binding
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
  • purine nucleotide binding
Process
  • carboxylic acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • fatty acid beta-oxidation
  • fatty acid metabolism
  • fatty acid oxidation
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • organic acid metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bound organelle
  • membrane-bound organelle
  • microbody
  • organelle
  • peroxisome
Enzyme 9 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 9 Specific Function Oxidizes the CoA esters of the bile acid intermediates di- and tri-hydroxycholestanoic acids
Enzyme 9 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 9 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 9 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 9 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 9 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 9 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 9 GenBank ID Protein 1780991 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q99424 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACOX2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 9 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 9 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 9 Gene Sequence >2046 bp
ATGGGCAGCCCAGTGCACCGAGTGTCATTGGGGGATACCTGGAGCAGGCAAATGCACCCC
GACATAGAGAGCGAGAGGTATATGCAGTCCTTTGACGTGGAACGGCTCACCAACATCCTT
GATGGAGGTGCCCAGAACACTGCACTCCGCAGGAAAGTTGAGAGCATCATCCACAGTTAC
CCGGAGTTTAGCTGTAAGGACAATTATTTCATGACCCAGAATGAGCGTTATAAGGCTGCC
ATGCGGAGGGCATTCCACATCCGGTTGATAGCTCGGCGCCTGGGTTGGTTAGAAGATGGT
CGTGAATTAGGCTACGCTTACAGAGCCCTTTCTGGAGACGTGGCCTTAAATATACACAGA
GTCTTCGTGAGAGCCCTCAGGAGCCTGGGCTCAGAGGAGCAGATTGCCAAATGGGACCCA
CTCTGCAAAAACATCCAGATCATCGCAACGTATGCACAGACAGAGTTGGGACATGGGACA
TATCTTCAGGGCCTGGAGACTGAAGCCACCTATGACGCAGCCACCCAGGAGTTTGTGATA
CACAGCCCCACGCTGACTGCCACCAAATGGTGGCCTGGAGACTTGGGACGGTCAGCCACC
CATGCCCTGGTCCAGGCCCAGCTGATCTGCTCAGGAGCCAGGCGGGGCATGCACGCTTTT
ATTGTGCCAATCCGGAGTCTTCAGGACCACACCCCACTGCCAGGAATCATCATTGGGGAC
ATCGGACCCAAGATGGACTTTGATCAAACAGACAATGGCTTCCTGCAGCTGAACCATGTG
CGGGTCCCCAGGGAGAACATGCTGAGTCGCTTTGCACAGGTCTTGCCAGATGGCACCTAC
GTCAAACTCGGTACAGCACAGAGCAACTACCTTCCCATGGTGGTGGTGCGGGTGGAGCTG
CTGTCAGGGGAGATCCTCCCTATACTGCAGAAGGCCTGTGTCATCGCCATGCGCTACTCG
GTCATCCGCCGCCAATCCCGGCTCCGGCCCAGTGACCCAGAGGCAAAGGTCCTGGACTAC
CAGACACAACAGCAGAAACTCTTTCCTCAGCTGGCCATCAGTTATGCCTTCCATTTCCTG
GCAGTCAGCCTCTTGGAGTTCTTCCAGCACTCCTACACTGCCATTCTGAACCAAGACTTC
AGCTTCCTGCCTGAGCTCCACGCGCTGAGCACGGGCATGAAGGCCATGATGTCAGAATTC
TGCACCCAGGGAGCTGAGATGTGCCGCAGGGCCTGTGGCGGACATGGCTACTCAAAGCTG
AGTGGCCTGCCATCACTGGTCACCAAATTGTCGGCCTCCTGCACCTACGAGGGTGAGAAC
ACAGTGCTCTACCTGCAGGTGGCCAGGTTCCTGGTGAAGAGCTACCTGCAGACTCAGATG
TCCCCTGGCTCCACGCCACAGAGATCTCTCTCTCCATCTGTCGCATATCTCACCGCACCT
GACCTGGCCAGGTGTCCAGCCCAGAGGGCAGCCGACTTCCTCTGCCCGGAGCTCTACACC
ACGGCCTGGGCACATGTGGCAGTAAGGCTCATAAAGGACTCAGTGCAGCATTTACAGACC
CTGACGCAATCCGGAGCTGACCAGCACGAGGCTTGGAACCAGACCACTGTCATACACCTC
CAGGCTGCTAAGGTGCACTGCTACTATGTCACTGTGAAGGGTTTTACAGAAGCTCTGGAG
AAACTAGAAAATGAACCAGCGATTCAGCAGGTGCTCAAGCGCCTCTGTGACCTCCATGCC
ATACATGGAATCTTGACTAACTCGGGTGACTTTCTCCATGACGCCTTCCTGTCTGGTGCC
CAAGTGGACATGGCAAGAACAGCCTACCTGGACCTGCTCCGCCTGATCCGGAAGGATGCC
ATCCTGTTAACTGATGCTTTTGACTTCACCGATCAGTGTTTAAATTCAGCCCTTGGCTGT
TATGATGGAAACGTCTACGAACGCCTGTTCCAGTGGGCTCAGAAGTCACCAACCAATACT
CAGGAGAACCCTGCCTATGAGGAATATATAAGACCACTTTTACAAAGTTGGAGATCCAAG
CTATGA
Enzyme 9 GenBank Gene ID X95190 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GeneCard ID ACOX2 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GenAtlas ID ACOX2 Link Image
Enzyme 9 HGNC ID HGNC:120 Link Image
Enzyme 9 Chromosome Location 3
Enzyme 9 Locus 3p14.3
Enzyme 9 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 9 General References
  1. Baumgart E, Vanhooren JC, Fransen M, Marynen P, Puype M, Vandekerckhove J, Leunissen JA, Fahimi HD, Mannaerts GP, van Veldhoven PP: Molecular characterization of the human peroxisomal branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase: cDNA cloning, chromosomal assignment, tissue distribution, and evidence for the absence of the protein in Zellweger syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 26;93(24):13748-53. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 9 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 10 [top]
Enzyme 10 ID 5398
Enzyme 10 Name Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 10 Synonyms
  1. IVD
Enzyme 10 Gene Name IVD
Enzyme 10 Protein Sequence >Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
MATATRLLGWRVASWRLRPPLAGFVSQRAHSLLPVDDAINGLSEEQRQLRQTMAKFLQEH
LAPKAQEIDRSNEFKNLREFWKQLGNLGVLGITAPVQYGGSGLGYLEHVLVMEEISRASG
AVGLSYGAHSNLCINQLVRNGNEAQKEKYLPKLISGEYIGALAMSEPNAGSDVVSMKLKA
EKKGNHYILNGNKFWITNGPDADVLIVYAKTDLAAVPASRGITAFIVEKGMPGFSTSKKL
DKLGMRGSNTCELIFEDCKIPAANILGHENKGVYVLMSGLDLERLVLAGGPLGLMQAVLD
HTIPYLHVREAFGQKIGHFQLMQGKMADMYTRLMACRQYVYNVAKACDEGHCTAKDCAGV
ILYSAECATQVALDGIQCFGGNGYINDFPMGRFLRDAKLYEIGAGTSEVRRLVIGRAFNA
DFH
Enzyme 10 Number of Residues 423
Enzyme 10 Molecular Weight 46320
Enzyme 10 Theoretical pI 8.31
Enzyme 10 GO Classification
Function
  • acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 10 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 10 Specific Function 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + acceptor = 3-methylbut- 2-enoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor
Enzyme 10 Pathways
  • Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 Link Image)
Enzyme 10 Reactions
  • 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + acceptor = 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced acceptor
Enzyme 10 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 10 Signals
  • 1-23
Enzyme 10 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 10 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 10 GenBank ID Protein 306897 Link Image
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P26440 Link Image
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name IVD_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 10 PDB ID 1IVH Link Image
Enzyme 10 PDB File Show
Enzyme 10 3D Structure
Enzyme 10 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 10 Gene Sequence >1272 bp
ATGGCGACTGCGACTCGGCTGCTGGGGTGGCGTGTGGCGAGCTGGAGGCTGCGGCCGCCG
CTTGCCGGCTTCGTTTCCCAGCGGGCCCACTCGCTTTTGCCCGTGGACGATGCAATCAAT
GGGCTAAGCGAGGAGCAGAGGCAGCTTCGTCAGACCATGGCTAAGTTCCTTCAGGAGCAC
CTGGCCCCCAAGGCCCAGGAGATCGATCGCAGCAATGAGTTCAAGAACCTGCGAGAATTT
TGGAAGCAGCTGGGGAACCTGGGCGTATTGGGCATCACAGCCCCTGTTCAGTATGGCGGC
TCCGGCCTGGGCTACCTGGAGCATGTGCTGGTGATGGAGGAGATATCCCGAGCTTCCGGA
GCAGTGGGGCTCAGTTACGGTGCCCACTCCAACCTCTGCATCAACCAGCTTGTACGCAAT
GGGAATGAGGCCCAGAAAGAGAAGTATCTCCCGAAGCTGATCAGTGGTGAGTACATCGGA
GCCCTGGCCATGAGTGAGCCCAATGCAGGCTCTGATGTTGTCTCTATGAAGCTCAAAGCG
GAAAAGAAAGGAAATCACTACATCCTGAATGGCAACAAGTTCTGGATCACTAATGGCCCT
GATGCTGACGTCCTGATTGTCTATGCCAAGACAGATCTGGCTGCTGTGCCAGCTTCTCGG
GGCATCACAGCCTTCATTGTGGAGAAGGGTATGCCTGGCTTTAGCACCTCTAAGAAGCTG
GACAAGCTGGGGATGAGGGGCTCTAACACCTGTGAGCTAATCTTTGAAGACTGCAAGATT
CCTGCTGCCAACATCCTGGGCCATGAGAATAAGGGTGTCTACGTGCTGATGAGTGGGCTG
GACCTGGAGCGGCTGGTGCTGGCCGGGGGGCCTCTTGGGCTCATGCAAGCGGTCCTGGAC
CACACCATTCCCTACCTGCACGTGAGGGAAGCCTTTGGCCAGAAGATCGGCCACTTCCAG
TTGATGCAGGGGAAGATGGCTGACATGTACACCCGCCTCATGGCGTGTCGGCAGTATGTC
TACAATGTCGCCAAGGCCTGCGATGAGGGCCATTGCACTGCTAAGGACTGTGCAGGTGTG
ATTCTTTACTCAGCTGAGTGTGCTACACAGGTAGCCCTGGACGGCATTCAGTGTTTTGGT
GGCAATGGCTACATCAATGACTTTCCCATGGGCCGCTTTCTTCGAGATGCCAAGCTGTAT
GAGATAGGGGCTGGGACCAGCGAGGTGAGGCGGCTGGTCATCGGCAGAGCCTTCAATGCA
GACTTTCACTAG
Enzyme 10 GenBank Gene ID M34192 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GeneCard ID IVD Link Image
Enzyme 10 GenAtlas ID IVD Link Image
Enzyme 10 HGNC ID HGNC:6186 Link Image
Enzyme 10 Chromosome Location 15
Enzyme 10 Locus 15q14-q15
Enzyme 10 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 10 General References
  1. Matsubara Y, Ito M, Glassberg R, Satyabhama S, Ikeda Y, Tanaka K: Nucleotide sequence of messenger RNA encoding human isovaleryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase and its expression in isovaleric acidemia fibroblasts. J Clin Invest. 1990 Apr;85(4):1058-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Vockley J, Rogan PK, Anderson BD, Willard J, Seelan RS, Smith DI, Liu W: Exon skipping in IVD RNA processing in isovaleric acidemia caused by point mutations in the coding region of the IVD gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Feb;66(2):356-67. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Parimoo B, Tanaka K: Structural organization of the human isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene. Genomics. 1993 Mar;15(3):582-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Mohsen AW, Vockley J: Identification of the active site catalytic residue in human isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase. Biochemistry. 1995 Aug 15;34(32):10146-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Tiffany KA, Roberts DL, Wang M, Paschke R, Mohsen AW, Vockley J, Kim JJ: Structure of human isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase at 2.6 A resolution: structural basis for substrate specificity,. Biochemistry. 1997 Jul 15;36(28):8455-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Vockley J, Parimoo B, Tanaka K: Molecular characterization of four different classes of mutations in the isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene responsible for isovaleric acidemia. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Jul;49(1):147-57. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Mohsen AW, Anderson BD, Volchenboum SL, Battaile KP, Tiffany K, Roberts D, Kim JJ, Vockley J: Characterization of molecular defects in isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase in patients with isovaleric acidemia. Biochemistry. 1998 Jul 14;37(28):10325-35. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 10 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 11 [top]
Enzyme 11 ID 5424
Enzyme 11 Name Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3, peroxisomal
Enzyme 11 Synonyms
  1. Pristanoyl-CoA oxidase
  2. Branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase
  3. BRCACox
Enzyme 11 Gene Name ACOX3
Enzyme 11 Protein Sequence >Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3, peroxisomal
MASTVEGGDTALLPEFPRGPLDAYRARASFSWKELALFTEGEGMLRFKKTIFSALENDPL
FARSPGADLSLEKYRELNFLRCKRIFEYDFLSVEDMFKSPLKVPALIQCLGMYDSSLAAK
YLLHSLVFGSAVYSSGSERHLTYIQKIFRMEIFGCFALTELSHGSNTKAIRTTAHYDPAT
EEFIIHSPDFEAAKFWVGNMGKTATHAVVFAKLCVPGDQCHGLHPFIVQIRDPKTLLPMP
GVMVGDIGKKLGQNGLDNGFAMFHKVRVPRQSLLNRMGDVTPEGTYVSPFKDVRQRFGAS
LGSLSSGRVSIVSLAILNLKLAVAIALRFSATRRQFGPTEEEEIPVLEYPMQQWRLLPYL
AAVYALDHFSKSLFLDLVELQRGLASGDRSARQAELGREIHALASASKPLASWTTQQGIQ
ECREACGGHGYLAMNRLGVLRDDNDPNCTYEGDNNILLQQTSNYLLGLLAHQVHDGACFR
SPLKSVDFLDAYPGILDQKFEVSSVADCLDSAVALAAYKWLVCYLLRETYQKLNQEKRSG
SSDFEARNKCQVSHGRPLALAFVELTVVQRFHEHVHQPSVPPSLRAVLGRLSALYALWSL
SRHAALLYRGGYFSGEQAGEVLESAVLALCSQLKDDAVALVDVIAPPDFVLDSPIGRADG
ELYKNLWGAVLQESKVLERASWWPEFSVNKPVIGSLKSKL
Enzyme 11 Number of Residues 700
Enzyme 11 Molecular Weight 77630
Enzyme 11 Theoretical pI 7.27
Enzyme 11 GO Classification
Function
  • FAD binding
  • acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
  • acyl-CoA oxidase activity
  • adenyl nucleotide binding
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • nucleotide binding
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
  • purine nucleotide binding
Process
  • carboxylic acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • fatty acid beta-oxidation
  • fatty acid metabolism
  • fatty acid oxidation
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • organic acid metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bound organelle
  • membrane-bound organelle
  • microbody
  • organelle
  • peroxisome
Enzyme 11 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 11 Specific Function Oxidizes the CoA-esters of 2-methyl-branched fatty acids
Enzyme 11 Pathways
Enzyme 11 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + H2O2
Enzyme 11 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 11 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 11 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 11 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 11 GenBank ID Protein 2326549 Link Image
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O15254 Link Image
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACOX3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 11 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 11 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 11 Gene Sequence >2103 bp
ATGGCATCCACTGTGGAAGGAGGCGACACAGCTCTGCTCCCAGAATTCCCCAGGGGGCCC
CTCGATGCCTACCGAGCAAGAGCGTCCTTCAGCTGGAAGGACGTGGCGCTGTTCACGGAA
GGGGAGGGCAATGTCCGCTTTAAGAAAACCATCTTCTCAGCTCTTGAGAATGACCCTCTT
TTCGCTCGTTCCCCTGGAGCCGACCTGTCCTTGGAGAAGTATCGCGAGCTGAACTTCCTT
CGATGCAAGCGGATCTTCGAGTATGACTTCCTCAGTGTCGAAGCAATGTTCAAGAGCCCT
CTGAAGGTCCCCGCCTTGATTCAGTGCCTGGGCATGTATGACTCTTCTCTGGCTGCCAAG
TACCTCCTCCATAGCTTGGTTTTTGGATCAGCAGTTTACAGTTCTGGTTCTGAAAGACAT
CTCACATATATTCAAAAGATCTTCAGGATGGAGATTTTTGGATGTTTTGCTCTGACCGAA
TTAAGCCACGGCAGTAATACCAAGGCCATTCGCACAACTGCCCACTACGATCCTGCCACT
GAGGAATTCATCATACATTCCCCTGATTTCGAAGCTGCCAAGTTTTGGGTTGGCAACATG
GGCAAGACAGCCACTCACGCGGTGGTGTTTGCTAAGCTGTGTGTGCCAGGGGACCAGTGC
CATGGGCTGCATCCCTTTATCGTGCAGATCCGGGACCCGAAGACCCTTCTTCCCATGCCT
GGAGTGATGGTTGGCGACATAGGAAAAAAACTCGGGCAGAACGGTCTAGATAATGGTTTC
GCCATGTTCCACAAGGTCAGAGTTCCTCGCCAGAGCCTTCTGAACCGGATGGGAGACGTC
ACCCCCGAGGGCACCTATGTCAGCCCCTTTAAGGACGTCAGGCAGCGCTTTGGAGCGTCC
CTGGGGAGCCTGTCCTCGGGCCGGGTCTCCATCGTGAGCCTGGCCATCCTTAACCTAAAG
CTGGCCGTGGCCATCGCTCTTCGCTTCTCAGCCACTCGGCGTCAGTTTGGACCCACAGAG
GAGGAGGAAATACCAGTGCTTGAGTATCCAATGCAGCAATGGCGCTTGCTTCCATATCTG
GCAGCTGTCTACGGCTTAGACCATTTCTCCAAGTCGCTCTTCCTGGACCTGGTGGAGCTC
CAGCGAGGACTTGCATCGGGAGACCGCAGCGCCAGACAGGCAGAGCTTGGACGTGAGATC
CACGCCCTGGCATCGGCCAGCAAGCCCCTGGCCTCGTGGACCACCCAGCAAGGAATTCAG
GAATGCCGGGAGGCGTGTGGAGGACACGGCTATCTGGCCATGAACCGGTTGGGTGTCCTT
AGAGATGACAACGATCCCAACTGCACATACGAAGGTGACAACAACATCCTGCTGCAGCAG
ACAAGCAACTATTTGCTGGGTCTCCTGGCACACCAGGTCCACGATGGAGCTTGCTTCCGC
AGTCCGCTGAAGTCAGTGGACTTTCTGGACGCCTATCCCGGCATCCTTGACCAGAAGTTT
GAGGTCTCCAGTGTTGCCGACTGCTTGGACTCTGCAGTCGCCCTGGCAGCATACAAGTGG
CTGGTTTGCTACCTGCTCCGAGAGACTTATCAAAAATTAAACCAAGAGAAAAGATCAGGA
AGCAGTGACTTTGAAGCAAGGAACAAATGCCAGGTGTCCCACGGCCGTCCGTTGGCGCTG
GCCTTCGTGGAGCTCACGGTGGTCCAGAGGTTCCACGAGCACGTGCACCAGCCTTCCGTG
CCGCCCTCGCTGCGGGCCGTGCTGGGGCGGCTCAGTGCTCTGTACGCCCTGTGGTCCCTG
AAGCGCCACGCGGCCCTGCTCTACCGAGGAGGATACTTCTCCGGTGAGCAGGCGGGAGAA
GTGTTGGAGAGCGCCGTCCTGGCTTTGTGTTCCCAGCTGAAAGACGATGCAGTTGCCCTG
GTAGACGTGATCGCTCCTCCTGACTTTGTTCTGGACTCACCGATTGGCAGAGCCGACGGC
GAGCTCTACAAAAACCTCTGGGGCGCTGTCCTGCAGGAAAGCAAGGTGTTGGAGCGGGCA
TCCTGGTGGCCAGAGTTTTCTGTGAACAAACCTGTCATAGGAAGTCTGAAATCGAAGCTC
TAG
Enzyme 11 GenBank Gene ID Y11411 Link Image
Enzyme 11 GeneCard ID ACOX3 Link Image
Enzyme 11 GenAtlas ID ACOX3 Link Image
Enzyme 11 HGNC ID HGNC:121 Link Image
Enzyme 11 Chromosome Location 4
Enzyme 11 Locus 4p15.3
Enzyme 11 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 11 General References
  1. Vanhooren JC, Marynen P, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP: Evidence for the existence of a pristanoyl-CoA oxidase gene in man. Biochem J. 1997 Aug 1;325 ( Pt 3):593-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 11 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 12 [top]
Enzyme 12 ID 5434
Enzyme 12 Name Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 12 Synonyms
  1. GCD
Enzyme 12 Gene Name GCDH
Enzyme 12 Protein Sequence >Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
MALRGVSVRLLSRGPGLHVLRTWVSSAAQTEKGGRTQSQLAKSSRPEFDWQDPLVLEEQL
TTDEILIRDTFRTYCQERLMPRILLANRNEVFHREIISEMGELGVLGPTIKGYGCAGVSS
VAYGLLARELERVDSGYRSAMSVQSSLVMHPIYAYGSEEQRQKYLPQLAKGELLGCFGLT
EPNSGSDPSSMETRAHYNSSNKSYTLNGTKTWITNSPMADLFVVWARCEDGCIRGFLLEK
GMRGLSAPRIQGKFSLRASATGMIIMDGVEVPEENVLPGASSLGGPFGCLNNARYGIAWG
VLGASEFCLHTARQYALDRMQFGVPLARNQLIQKKLADMLTEITLGLHACLQLGRLKDQD
KAAPEMVSLLKRNNCGKALDIARQARDMLGGNGISDEYHVIRHAMNLEAVNTYEGTHDIH
ALILGRAITGIQAFTASK
Enzyme 12 Number of Residues 438
Enzyme 12 Molecular Weight 48128
Enzyme 12 Theoretical pI 8.15
Enzyme 12 GO Classification
Function
  • acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 12 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 12 Specific Function Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and CO(2) in the degradative pathway of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan metabolism. It uses electron transfer flavoprotein as its electron acceptor. The short isoform is inactive
Enzyme 12 Pathways
Enzyme 12 Reactions
  • glutaryl-CoA + acceptor = crotonoyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced acceptor
Enzyme 12 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 12 Signals
  • 1-30
Enzyme 12 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 12 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 12 GenBank ID Protein 1549327 Link Image
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q92947 Link Image
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GCDH_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 12 PDB ID 1SIR Link Image
Enzyme 12 PDB File Show
Enzyme 12 3D Structure
Enzyme 12 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 12 Gene Sequence >1317 bp
ATGGCCCTGAGAGGCGTCTCCGTGCGGCTGCTGAGCCGCGGACCCGGCCTGCACGTCCTT
CGCACGTGGGTCTCGTCGGCGGCGCAGACCGAGAAAGGCGGGAGAACACAGAGCCAACTG
GCTAAGTCCTCGCGTCCCGAGTTTGACTGGCAGGACCCGCTGGTGCTGGAGGAGCAGCTG
ACCACAGATGAGATCCTCATCAGGGACACCTTCCGCACCTACTGCCAGGAGAGACTCATG
CCTCGCATCCTGTTGGCCAATCGCAACGAAGTTTTTCATCGGGAGATCATTTCGGAGATG
GGGGAGTTGGGTGTGCTGGGCCCCACCATCAAAGGATATGGCTGTGCTGGGGTTTCGTCT
GTGGCCTATGGGCTCCTGGCCCGAGAGCTGGAGCGGGTGGACAGTGGCTACAGGTCGGCG
ATGAGTGTCCAGTCCTCCCTCGTCATGCACCCTATCTATGCCTATGGCAGCGAGGAACAG
CGGCAGAAGTACCTGCCCCAGCTGGCCAAGGGGGAGCTCCTGGGCTGCTTCGGGCTCACA
GAGCCCAACAGCGGAAGTGACCCCAGCAGCATGGAGACCAGAGCCCACTACAACTCATCC
AACAAGAGCTACACCCTCAATGGGACCAAGACCTGGATCACGAACTCGCCTATGGCCGAT
CTGTTTGTAGTGTGGGCTCGGTGTGAAGATGGCTGCATTCGGGGCTTCCTGCTGGAGAAG
GGGATGCGGGGTCTCTCGGCCCCCAGGATCCAGGGCAAGTTCTCGCTGCGGGCCTCAGCC
ACAGGCATGATCATCATGGACGGTGTGGAGGTGCCAGAGGAGAATGTGCTCCCTGGTGCA
TCCAGCCTGGGGGGTCCCTTCGGCTGCCTGAACAACGCCCGGTACGGCATCGCGTGGGGC
GTGCTTGGAGCTTCGGAGTTCTGCTTGCACACAGCCCGGCAGTACGCCCTCGACAGGATG
CAGTTTGGTGTCCCACTGGCCAGGAACCAGCTGATTCAGAAGAAGCTGGCAGACATGCTC
ACTGAGATTACCCTGGGCCTTCACGCCTGCCTGCAGCTCGGCCGCTTGAAGGACCAGGAC
AAGGCTGCCCCCGAGATGGTTTCTCTGCTGAAGAGGAATAACTGTGGGAAAGCCCTGGAC
ATCGCCCGCCAGGCCCGAGACATGCTGGGGGGGAATGGGATTTCTGACGAGTATCACGTG
ATCCGGCACGCCATGAACCTGGAGGCCGTGAACACCTACGAAGGTACACATGACATTCAC
GCCCTGATCCTTGGGAGAGCTATCACGGGAATCCAGGCGTTCACGGCCAGCAAGTGA
Enzyme 12 GenBank Gene ID U69141 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GeneCard ID GCDH Link Image
Enzyme 12 GenAtlas ID GCDH Link Image
Enzyme 12 HGNC ID HGNC:4189 Link Image
Enzyme 12 Chromosome Location 19
Enzyme 12 Locus 19p13.2
Enzyme 12 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 12 General References
  1. Goodman SI, Kratz LE, Frerman FE: Pork and human cDNAs encoding glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1992;375:169-73. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Goodman SI, Kratz LE, DiGiulio KA, Biery BJ, Goodman KE, Isaya G, Frerman FE: Cloning of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase cDNA, and expression of wild type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Sep;4(9):1493-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Schwartz M, Christensen E, Superti-Furga A, Brandt NJ: The human glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene: report of intronic sequences and of 13 novel mutations causing glutaric aciduria type I. Hum Genet. 1998 Apr;102(4):452-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Goodman SI, Stein DE, Schlesinger S, Christensen E, Schwartz M, Greenberg CR, Elpeleg ON: Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase mutations in glutaric acidemia (type I): review and report of thirty novel mutations. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(3):141-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Biery BJ, Stein DE, Morton DH, Goodman SI: Gene structure and mutations of glutaryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase: impaired association of enzyme subunits that is due to an A421V substitution causes glutaric acidemia type I in the Amish. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Nov;59(5):1006-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Anikster Y, Shaag A, Joseph A, Mandel H, Ben-Zeev B, Christensen E, Elpeleg ON: Glutaric aciduria type I in the Arab and Jewish communities in Israel. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Nov;59(5):1012-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 12 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 13 [top]
Enzyme 13 ID 5458
Enzyme 13 Name Hepatic triacylglycerol lipase precursor
Enzyme 13 Synonyms
  1. Hepatic lipase
  2. HL
  3. Lipase member C
Enzyme 13 Gene Name LIPC
Enzyme 13 Protein Sequence >Hepatic triacylglycerol lipase precursor
MDTSPLCFSILLVLCIFIQSSALGQSLKPEPFGRRAQAVETNKTLHEMKTRFLLFGETNQ
GCQIRINHPDTLQECGFNSSLPLVMIIHGWSVDGVLENWIWQMVAALKSQPAQPVNVGLV
DWITLAHDHYTIAVRNTRLVGKEVAALLRWLEESVQLSRSHVHLIGYSLGAHVSGFAGSS
IGGTHKIGRITGLDAAGPLFEGSAPSNRLSPDDANFVDAIHTFTREHMGLSVGIKQPIGH
YDFYPNGGSFQPGCHFLELYRHIAQHGFNAITQTIKCSHERSVHLFIDSLLHAGTQSMAY
PCGDMNSFSQGLCLSCKKGRCNTLGYHVRQEPRSKSKRLFLVTRAQSPFKVYHYQLKIQF
INQTETPIQTTFTMSLLGTKEKMQKIPITLGKGIASNKTYSFLITLDVDIGELIMIKFKW
ENSAVWANVWDTVQTIIPWSTGPRHSGLVLKTIRVKAGETQQRMTFCSENTDDLLLRPTQ
EKIFVKCEIKSKTSKRKIR
Enzyme 13 Number of Residues 499
Enzyme 13 Molecular Weight 55881
Enzyme 13 Theoretical pI 9.37
Enzyme 13 GO Classification
Function
  • carboxylic ester hydrolase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • lipase activity
  • triacylglycerol lipase activity
Process
  • lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
Component
Enzyme 13 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 13 Specific Function Hepatic lipase has the capacity to catalyze hydrolysis of phospholipids, mono-, di-, and triglycerides, and acyl-CoA thioesters. It is an important enzyme in HDL metabolism. Hepatic lipase binds heparin
Enzyme 13 Pathways
Enzyme 13 Reactions
  • triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate
Enzyme 13 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 13 Signals
  • 1-22
Enzyme 13 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 13 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 13 GenBank ID Protein 339595 Link Image
Enzyme 13 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P11150 Link Image
Enzyme 13 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name LIPC_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 13 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 13 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 13 Gene Sequence >1500 bp
ATGGACACAAGTCCCCTGTGTTTCTCCATTCTGTTGGTTTTATGCATCTTTATCCAATCA
AGTGCCCTTGGACAAAGCCTGAAACCAGAGCCATTTGGAAGAAGAGCTCAAGCTGTTGAA
ACAAACAAAACGCTGCATGAGATGAAGACCAGATTCCTGCTCTTTGGAGAAACCAATCAG
GGCTGTCAGATTCGAATCAATCATCCGGACACGTTACAGGAGTGCGGCTTCAACTCCTCC
CTGCCTCTGGTGATGATAATCCACGGGTGGTCGGTGGACGGCGTGCTAGAAAACTGGATC
TGGCAGATGGTGGCCGCGCTGAAGTCTCAGCCGGCCCAGCCAGTGAACGTGGGGCTGGTG
GACTGGATCACCCTGGCCCACGACCACTACACCATCGCCGTCCGCAACACCCGCCTTGTG
GGCAAGGAGGTCGCGGCTCTTCTCCGGTGGCTGGAGGAATCTGTGCAACTCTCTCGAAGC
CATGTTCACCTAATTGGGTACAGCCTGGGTGCACACGTGTCAGGATTTGCCGGCAGTTCC
ATCGGTGGAACGCACAAGATTGGGAGAATCACAGGGCTGGATGCCGCGGGACCTTTGTTT
GAGGGAAGTGCCCCCAGCAATCGTCTTTCTCCAGATGATGCCAATTTTGTGGATGCCATT
CATACCTTTACGCGGGAGCACATGGGCCTGAGCGTGGGCATCAAACAGCCCATAGGACAC
TATGACTTCTATCCCAACGGGGGCTCCTTCCAGCCTGGCTGCCACTCCCTAGAGCTCTAC
AGACATATTGCCCAGCACGGCTTCAATGCCATCACCCAGACCATAAAATGCTCCCACGAG
CGATCGGTGCACCTTTTCATCGACTCCTTGCTGCACGCCGGCACGCAGAGCATGGCCTAC
CCGTGTGGTGACATGAACAGCTTCAGCCAGGGCCTGTGCCTGAGCTGCAAGAAGGGCCGC
TGCAACACGCTGGGCTACCACGTCCGCCAGGAGCCGCGGAGCAAGAGCAAGAGGCTCTTC
CTCGTAACGCGAGCCCAGTCCCCCTTCAAAGTTTATCATTACCAGTTAAAGATCCAGTTC
ATCAACCAAACTGAGACGCCAATACAAACAACTTTTACCATGTCACTACTCGGAACAAAA
GAGAAAATGCAGAAAATTCCCATCACTCTGGGCAAAGGAATTGCTAGTAATAAAACGTAT
TCCTTTCTTATCACGCTGGATGTGGATATCGGCGAGCTGATCATGATCAAGTTCAAGTGG
GAAAACAGTGCAGTGTGGGCCAATGTCTGGGACACGGTCCAGACCATCATCCCATGGAGC
ACAGGGCCGCGCCACTCAGGCCTCGTTCTGAAGACGATCAGAGTCAAAGCAGGAGAAACC
CAGCAAAGAATGACATTTTGTTCAGAAAACACAGATGACCTACTACTTCGCCCAACCCAG
GAAAAAATCTTCGTGAAATGTGAAATAAAGTCTAAAACATCAAAGCGAAAGATCAGATGA
Enzyme 13 GenBank Gene ID J03895 Link Image
Enzyme 13 GeneCard ID LIPC Link Image
Enzyme 13 GenAtlas ID LIPC Link Image
Enzyme 13 HGNC ID HGNC:6619 Link Image
Enzyme 13 Chromosome Location 15
Enzyme 13 Locus 15q21-q23
Enzyme 13 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 13 General References
  1. Martin GA, Busch SJ, Meredith GD, Cardin AD, Blankenship DT, Mao SJ, Rechtin AE, Woods CW, Racke MM, Schafer MP, et al.: Isolation and cDNA sequence of human postheparin plasma hepatic triglyceride lipase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Aug 5;263(22):10907-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Stahnke G, Sprengel R, Augustin J, Will H: Human hepatic triglyceride lipase: cDNA cloning, amino acid sequence and expression in a cultured cell line. Differentiation. 1987;35(1):45-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Datta S, Luo CC, Li WH, VanTuinen P, Ledbetter DH, Brown MA, Chen SH, Liu SW, Chan L: Human hepatic lipase. Cloned cDNA sequence, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, chromosomal localization, and evolutionary relationships with lipoprotein lipase and pancreatic lipase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jan 25;263(3):1107-10. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Cai SJ, Wong DM, Chen SH, Chan L: Structure of the human hepatic triglyceride lipase gene. Biochemistry. 1989 Nov 14;28(23):8966-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Ameis D, Stahnke G, Kobayashi J, McLean J, Lee G, Buscher M, Schotz MC, Will H: Isolation and characterization of the human hepatic lipase gene. J Biol Chem. 1990 Apr 25;265(12):6552-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Takagi A, Ikeda Y, Mori A, Ashida Y, Yamamoto A: Identification of a BstNI polymorphism in exon 9 of the human hepatic triglyceride lipase gene. Mol Cell Probes. 1996 Aug;10(4):313-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Hegele RA, Tu L, Connelly PW: Human hepatic lipase mutations and polymorphisms. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(4):320-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Morabia A, Cayanis E, Costanza MC, Ross BM, Flaherty MS, Alvin GB, Das K, Gilliam TC: Association of extreme blood lipid profile phenotypic variation with 11 reverse cholesterol transport genes and 10 non-genetic cardiovascular disease risk factors. Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Nov 1;12(21):2733-43. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 13 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 14 [top]
Enzyme 14 ID 5475
Enzyme 14 Name Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1
Enzyme 14 Synonyms
  1. Diglyceride acyltransferase
  2. ACAT-related gene product 1
Enzyme 14 Gene Name DGAT1
Enzyme 14 Protein Sequence >Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1
MGDRGSSRRRRTGSRPSSHGGGGPAAAEEEVRDAAAGPDVGAAGDAPAPAPNKDGDAGVG
SGHWELRCHRLQDSLFSSDSGFSNYRGILNWCVVMLILSNARLFLENLIKYGILVDPIQV
VSLFLKDPYSWPAPCLVIAANVFAVAAFQVEKRLAVGALTEQAGLLLHVANLATILCFPA
AVVLLVESITPVGSLLALMAHTILFLKLFSYRDVNSWCRRARAKAASAGKKASSAAAPHT
VSYPDNLTYRDLYYFLFAPTLCYELNFPRSPRIRKRFLLRRILEMLFFTQLQVGLIQQWM
VPTIQNSMKPFKDMDYSRIIERLLKLAVPNHLIWLIFFYWLFHSCLNAVAELMQFGDREF
YRDWWNSESVTYFWQNWNIPVHKWCIRHFYKPMLRRGSSKWMARTGVFLASAFFHEYLVS
VPLRMFRLWAFTGMMAQIPLAWFVGRFFQGNYGNAAVWLSLIIGQPIAVLMYVHDYYVLN
YEAPAAEA
Enzyme 14 Number of Residues 488
Enzyme 14 Molecular Weight 55279
Enzyme 14 Theoretical pI 9.60
Enzyme 14 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 14 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 14 Specific Function Catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. In contrast to DGAT2 it is not essential for survival. May be involved in VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) assembly
Enzyme 14 Pathways
Enzyme 14 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CoA + triacylglycerol
Enzyme 14 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 14 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 14 Transmembrane Regions
  • 104-124 130-150 166-186 189-209 282-302 332-352 406-426 428-448 453-473
Enzyme 14 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 14 GenBank ID Protein 3746533 Link Image
Enzyme 14 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O75907 Link Image
Enzyme 14 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name DGAT1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 14 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 14 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 14 Gene Sequence >1467 bp
ATGGGCGACCGCGGCAGCTCCCGGCGCCGGAGGACAGGGTCGCGGCCCTCGAGCCACGGC
GGCGGCGGGCCTGCGGCGGCGGAAGAAGAGGTGCGGGACGCCGCTGCGGGCCCCGACGTG
GGAGCCGCGGGGGACGCGCCAGCCCCGGCCCCCAACAAGGACGGAGACGCCGGCGTGGGC
AGCGGCCACTGGGAGCTGAGGTGCCATCGCCTGCAGGATTCTTTATTCAGCTCTGACAGT
GGCTTCAGCAACTACCGTGGCATCCTGAACTGGTGTGTGGTGATGCTGATCTTGAGCAAT
GCCCGGTTATTTCTGGAGAACCTCATCAAGTATGGCATCCTGGTGGACCCCATCCAGGTG
GTTTCTCTGTTCCTGAAGGATCCCCATAGCTGGCCCGCCCCATGCCTGGTTATTGCGGCC
AATGTCTTTGCTGTGGCTGCATTCCAGGTTGAGAAGCGCCTGGCGGTGGGTGCCCTGACG
GAGCAGGCGGGACTGCTGCTGCACGTAGCCAACCTGGCCACCATTCTGTGTTTCCCAGCG
GCTGTGGTCTTACTGGTTGAGTCTATCACTCCAGTGGGCTCCCTGCTGGCGCTGATGGCG
CACACCATCCTCTTCCTCAAGCTCTTCTCCTACCGCGACGTCAACTCATGGTGCCGCAGG
GCCAGGGCCAAGGCTGCCTCTGCAGGGAAGAAGGCCAGCAGTGCTGCTGCCCCGCACACC
GTGAGCTACCCGGACAATCTGACCTACCGCGATCTCTACTACTTCCTCTTCGCCCCCACC
TTGTGCTACGAGCTCAACTTTCCCCGCTCTCCCCGCATCCGGAAGCGCTTTCTGCTGCGA
CGGATCCTTGAGATGCTGTTCTTCACCCAGCTCCAGGTGGGGCTGATCCAGCAGTGGATG
GTCCCCACCATCCAGAACTCCATGAAGCCCTTCAAGGACATGGACTACTCACGCATCATC
GAGCGCCTCCTGAAGCTGGCGGTCCCCAATCACCTCATCTGGCTCATCTTCTTCTACTGG
CTCTTCCACTCCTGCCTGAATGCCGTGGCTGAGCTCATGCAGTTTGGAGACCGGGAGTTC
TACCGGGACTGGTGGAACTCCGAGTCTGTCACCTACTTCTGGCAGAACTGGAACATCCCT
GTGCACAAGTGGTGCATCAGACACTTCTACAAGCCCATGCTTCGACGGGGCAGCAGCAAG
TGGATGGCCAGGACAGGGGTGTTCCTGGCCTCGGCTTTCTTCCACGAGTACCTGGTGAGC
GTCCCTCTGCGAATGTTCCGCCTCTGGGCTTTCACGGGCATGATGGCTCAGATCCCACTG
GCCTGGTTCGTGGGCCGCTTTTTCCAGGGCAACTATGGCAACGCAGCTGTGTGGCTGTCG
CTCATCATCGGACAGCCAATAGCCGTCCTCATGTACGTCCACGACTACTACGTGCTCAAC
TATGAGGCCCCAGCGGCAGAGGCCTGA
Enzyme 14 GenBank Gene ID AF059202 Link Image
Enzyme 14 GeneCard ID DGAT1 Link Image
Enzyme 14 GenAtlas ID DGAT1 Link Image
Enzyme 14 HGNC ID HGNC:2843 Link Image
Enzyme 14 Chromosome Location 8
Enzyme 14 Locus 8q24.3
Enzyme 14 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 14 General References
  1. Oelkers P, Behari A, Cromley D, Billheimer JT, Sturley SL: Characterization of two human genes encoding acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-related enzymes. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 9;273(41):26765-71. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 14 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 15 [top]
Enzyme 15 ID 5534
Enzyme 15 Name 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 15 Synonyms
  1. Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E1 component beta chain
  2. BCKDH E1-beta
Enzyme 15 Gene Name BCKDHB
Enzyme 15 Protein Sequence >2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial precursor
MAVVAAAAGWLLRLRAAGAEGHWRRLPGAGLARGFLHPAATVEDAAQRRQVAHFTFQPDP
EPREYGQTQKMNLFQSVTSALDNSLAKDPTAVIFGEDVAFGGVFRCTVGLRDKYGKDRVF
NTPLCEQGIVGFGIGIAVTGATAIAEIQFADYIFPAFDQIVNEAAKYRYRSGDLFNCGSL
TIRSPWGCVGHGALYHSQSPEAFFAHCPGIKVVIPRSPFQAKGLLLSCIEDKNPCIFFEP
KILYRAAAEEVPIEPYNIPLSQAEVIQEGSDVTLVAWGTQVHVIREVASMAKEKLGVSCE
VIDLRTIIPWDVDTICKSVIKTGRLLISHEAPLTGGFASEISSTVQEECFLNLEAPISRV
CGYDTPFPHIFEPFYIPDKWKCYDALRKMINY
Enzyme 15 Number of Residues 392
Enzyme 15 Molecular Weight 43123
Enzyme 15 Theoretical pI 6.24
Enzyme 15 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 15 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 15 Specific Function The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components:branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)
Enzyme 15 Pathways
  • Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 Link Image)
Enzyme 15 Reactions
  • 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
Enzyme 15 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 15 Signals
  • 1-19
Enzyme 15 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 15 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 15 GenBank ID Protein 179362 Link Image
Enzyme 15 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21953 Link Image
Enzyme 15 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ODBB_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 15 PDB ID 1X80 Link Image
Enzyme 15 PDB File Show
Enzyme 15 3D Structure
Enzyme 15 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 15 Gene Sequence >1179 bp
ATGGCGGTTGTAGCGGCGGCTGCCGGCTGGCTACTCAGGCTCAGGGCGGCAGGGGCTGAG
GGGCACTGGCGTCGGCTTCCTGGCGCGGGGCTGGCGCGGGGCTTTTTGCACCCCGCCGCG
ACTGTCGAGGATGCGGCCCAGAGGCGGCAGGTGGCTCATTTTACTTTCCAGCCAGATCCG
GAGCCCCGGGAGTACGGGCAAACTCAGAAAATGAATCTTTTCCAGTCTGTAACAAGTGCC
TTGGATAACTCATTGGCCAAAGATCCTACTGCAGTAATATTTGGTGAAGATGTTGCCTTT
GGTGGAGTCTTTAGATGCACTGTTGGCTTGCGAGACAAATATGGAAAAGATAGAGTTTTT
AATACCCCATTGTGTGAACAAGGAATTGTTGGATTTGGAATCGGAATTGCGGTCACTGGA
GCTACTGCCATTGCGGAAATTCAGTTTGCAGATTATATTTTCCCTGCATTTGATCAGATT
GTTAATGAAGCTGCCAAGTATCGCTATCGCTCTGGGGATCTTTTTAACTGTGGAAGCCTC
ACTATCCGGTCCCCTTGGGGCTGTGTTGGTCATGGGGCTCTCTATCATTCTCAGAGTCCT
GAAGCATTTTTTGCCCATTGCCCAGGAATCAAGGTGGTTATACCCAGAAGCCCTTTCCAG
GCCAAAGGACTTCTTTTGTCATGCATAGAGGATAAAAATCCTTGTATATTTTTTGAACCT
AAAATACTTTACAGGGCAGCAGCGGAAGAAGTCCCTATAGAACCATACAACATCCCACTG
TCCCAGGCCGAAGTCATACAGGAAGGGAGTGATGTTACTCTAGTTGCCTGGGGCACTCAG
GTTCATGTGATCCGAGAGGTAGCTTCCATGGCAAAAGAAAAGCTTGGAGTGTCTTGTGAA
GTCATTGATCTGAGGACTATAATACCTTGGGATGTGGACACAATTTGTAAGTCTGTGATC
AAAACAGGGCGACTGCTAATCAGTCACGAGGCTCCCTTGACAGGCGGCTTTGCATCGGAA
ATCAGCTCTACAGTTCAGGAGGAATGTTTCTTGAACCTAGAGGCTCCTATATCAAGAGTA
TGTGGTTATGACACACCATTTCCTCACATTTTTGAACCATTCTACATCCCAGACAAATGG
AAGTGTTATGATGCCCTTCGAAAAATGATCAACTATTGA
Enzyme 15 GenBank Gene ID M55575 Link Image
Enzyme 15 GeneCard ID BCKDHB Link Image
Enzyme 15 GenAtlas ID BCKDHB Link Image
Enzyme 15 HGNC ID HGNC:987 Link Image
Enzyme 15 Chromosome Location 6
Enzyme 15 Locus 6q13-q15
Enzyme 15 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 15 General References
  1. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Endo F, Akaboshi I, Asaka J, Matsuda I: Maple syrup urine disease. Complete primary structure of the E1 beta subunit of human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex deduced from the nucleotide sequence and a gene analysis of patients with this disease. J Clin Invest. 1990 Jul;86(1):242-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chuang JL, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Maple syrup urine disease: the E1beta gene of human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex has 11 rather than 10 exons, and the 3' UTR in one of the two E1beta mRNAs arises from intronic sequences. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Jun;58(6):1373-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Chuang JL, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular cloning of the mature E1b-beta subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. FEBS Lett. 1990 Mar 26;262(2):305-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Wynn RM, Kochi H, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Differential processing of human and rat E1 alpha precursors of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex caused by an N-terminal proline in the rat sequence. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Sep 28;1201(1):125-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Hayashida Y, Ohta K, Indo Y, Ichiba Y, Endo F, Matsuda I: Heterogeneity of mutations in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): screening and identification of affected E1 alpha and E1 beta subunits of the branched-chain alpha-keto-acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 25;1225(1):64-70. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 15 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 16 [top]
Enzyme 16 ID 5535
Enzyme 16 Name 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 16 Synonyms
  1. Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E1 component alpha chain
  2. BCKDH E1-alpha
  3. BCKDE1A
Enzyme 16 Gene Name BCKDHA
Enzyme 16 Protein Sequence >2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial precursor
MAVAIAAARVWRLNRGLSQAALLLLRQPGARGLARSHPPRQQQQFSSLDDKPQFPGASAE
FIDKLEFIQPNVISGIPIYRVMDRQGQIINPSEDPHLPKEKVLKLYKSMTLLNTMDRILY
ESQRQGRISFYMTNYGEEGTHVGSAAALDNTDLVFGQYREAGVLMYRDYPLELFMAQCYG
NISDLGKGRQMPVHYGCKERHFVTISSPLATQIPQAVGAAYAAKRANANRVVICYFGEGA
ASEGDAHAGFNFAATLECPIIFFCRNNGYAISTPTSEQYRGDGIAARGPGYGIMSIRVDG
NDVFAVYNATKEARRRAVAENQPFLIEAMTYRIGHHSTSDDSSAYRSVDEVNYWDKQDHP
ISRLRHYLLSQGWWDEEQEKAWRKQSRRKVMEAFEQAERKPKPNPNLLFSDVYQEMPAQL
RKQQESLARHLQTYGEHYPLDHFDK
Enzyme 16 Number of Residues 445
Enzyme 16 Molecular Weight 50472
Enzyme 16 Theoretical pI 8.41
Enzyme 16 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 16 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 16 Specific Function The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components:branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)
Enzyme 16 Pathways
  • Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 Link Image)
Enzyme 16 Reactions
  • 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
Enzyme 16 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 16 Signals
  • 1-32
Enzyme 16 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 16 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 16 GenBank ID Protein 29391 Link Image
Enzyme 16 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P12694 Link Image
Enzyme 16 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ODBA_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 16 PDB ID 1U5B Link Image
Enzyme 16 PDB File Show
Enzyme 16 3D Structure
Enzyme 16 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 16 Gene Sequence >1338 bp
ATGGCGGTAGCGATCGCTGCAGCGAGGGTCTGGCGGCTAAACCGTGGTTTGAGCCAGGCT
GCCCTCCTGCTGCTGCGGCAGCCTGGGGCTCGGGGACTGGCTAGATCTCACCCCCCCAGG
CAGCAGCAGCAGTTTTCATCTCTGGATGACAAGCCCCAGTTCCCAGGGGCCTCGGCGGAG
TTTATAGATAAGTTGGAATTCATCCAGCCCAACGTCATCTCTGGAATCCCCATCTACCGC
GTCATGGACCGGCAAGGCCAGATCATCAACCCCAGCGAGGACCCCCACCTGCCGAAGGAG
AAGGTGCTGAAGCTCTACAAGAGCATGACACTGCTTAACACCATGGACCGCATCCTCTAT
GAGTCTCAGCGGCAGGGCCGGATCTCCTTCTACATGACCAACTATGGTGAGGAGGGCACG
CACGTGGGGAGTGCCGCCGCCCTGGACAACACGGACCTGGTGTTTGGCCAGTACCGGGAG
GCAGGTGTGCTGATGTATCGGGACTACCCCCTGGAACTATTCATGGCCCAGTGCTATGGC
AACATCAGTGACTTGGGCAAGGGGCGCCAGATGCCTGTCCACTACGGCTGCAAGGAACGC
CACTTCGTCACTATCTCCTCTCCACTGGCCACGCAGATCCCTCAGGCGGTGGGGGCGGCG
TACGCAGCCAAGCGGGCCAATGCCAACAGGGTCGTCATCTGTTACTTCGGCGAGGGGGCA
GCCAGTGAGGGGGACGCCCATGCCGGCTTCAACTTCGCTGCCACACTTGAGTGCCCCATC
ATCTTCTTCTGCCGGAACAATGGCTACGCCATCTCCACGCCCACCTCTGAGCAGTATCGC
GGCGATGGCATTGCAGCACGAGGCCCCGGGTATGGCATCATGTCAATCCGCGTGGATGGT
AATGATGTGTTTGCCGTATACAACGCCACAAAGGAGGCCCGACGGCGGGCTGTGGCAGAG
AACCAGCCCTTTCTCATCGAGGCCATGACCTACAGGATCGGGCACCACAGCACCAGTGAC
GACAGTTCAGCGTACCGCTCGGTGGATGAGGTCAATTACTGGGATAAACAGGACCACCCC
ATCTCCCGGCTGCGGCACTATCTGCTGAGCCAAGGCTGGTGGGATGAGGAGCAGGAGAAG
GCCTGGAGGAAGCAGTCCCGCAGGAAGGTGATGGAGGCCTTTGAGCAGGCCGAGCGGAAG
CCCAAACCCAACCCCAACCTGCTCTTCTCAGACGTGTATCAGGAGATGCCCGCCCAGCTC
CGCAAGCAGCAGGAGTCTCTGGCCCGCCACCTGCAGACCTACGGGGAGCACTACCCACTG
GATCACTTCGATAAGTGA
Enzyme 16 GenBank Gene ID Z14093 Link Image
Enzyme 16 GeneCard ID BCKDHA Link Image
Enzyme 16 GenAtlas ID BCKDHA Link Image
Enzyme 16 HGNC ID HGNC:986 Link Image
Enzyme 16 Chromosome Location 19
Enzyme 16 Locus 19q13.1-q13.2
Enzyme 16 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 16 General References
  1. McKean MC, Winkeler KA, Danner DJ: Nucleotide sequence of the 5' end including the initiation codon of cDNA for the E1 alpha subunit of the human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Nov 15;1171(1):109-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Fisher CW, Chuang JL, Griffin TA, Lau KS, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular phenotypes in cultured maple syrup urine disease cells. Complete E1 alpha cDNA sequence and mRNA and subunit contents of the human branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 25;264(6):3448-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Dariush N, Fisher CW, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Structure of the gene encoding the entire mature E1 alpha subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. FEBS Lett. 1991 Jun 17;284(1):34-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Dariush N, Fisher CW, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Structure of the gene encoding the entire mature E1 alpha subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (1991) FEBS Letters 284, 34-38. FEBS Lett. 1991 Oct 21;291(2):376-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Zhang B, Crabb DW, Harris RA: Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the E1 alpha subunit of human liver branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase. Gene. 1988 Sep 15;69(1):159-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Wynn RM, Kochi H, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Differential processing of human and rat E1 alpha precursors of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex caused by an N-terminal proline in the rat sequence. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Sep 28;1201(1):125-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. AEvarsson A, Chuang JL, Wynn RM, Turley S, Chuang DT, Hol WG: Crystal structure of human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase and the molecular basis of multienzyme complex deficiency in maple syrup urine disease. Structure. 2000 Mar 15;8(3):277-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Chuang JL, Fisher CR, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular basis of maple syrup urine disease: novel mutations at the E1 alpha locus that impair E1(alpha 2 beta 2) assembly or decrease steady-state E1 alpha mRNA levels of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Aug;55(2):297-304. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Zhang B, Edenberg HJ, Crabb DW, Harris RA: Evidence for both a regulatory mutation and a structural mutation in a family with maple syrup urine disease. J Clin Invest. 1989 Apr;83(4):1425-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Matsuda I, Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Indo Y, Endo F, Asaka J, Harada A: A T-to-A substitution in the E1 alpha subunit gene of the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex in two cell lines derived from Menonite maple syrup urine disease patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Oct 30;172(2):646-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Fisher CR, Fisher CW, Chuang DT, Cox RP: Occurrence of a Tyr393----Asn (Y393N) mutation in the E1 alpha gene of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex in maple syrup urine disease patients from a Mennonite population. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Aug;49(2):429-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Fisher CR, Chuang JL, Cox RP, Fisher CW, Star RA, Chuang DT: Maple syrup urine disease in Mennonites. Evidence that the Y393N mutation in E1 alpha impedes assembly of the E1 component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. J Clin Invest. 1991 Sep;88(3):1034-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Hayashida Y, Ohta K, Indo Y, Ichiba Y, Endo F, Matsuda I: Heterogeneity of mutations in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): screening and identification of affected E1 alpha and E1 beta subunits of the branched-chain alpha-keto-acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 25;1225(1):64-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Chuang JL, Davie JR, Chinsky JM, Wynn RM, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular and biochemical basis of intermediate maple syrup urine disease. Occurrence of homozygous G245R and F364C mutations at the E1 alpha locus of Hispanic-Mexican patients. J Clin Invest. 1995 Mar;95(3):954-63. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 16 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 17 [top]
Enzyme 17 ID 5543
Enzyme 17 Name Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, muscle isoform
Enzyme 17 Synonyms
  1. CPT I
  2. CPTI-M
  3. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B
  4. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I-like protein
Enzyme 17 Gene Name CPT1B
Enzyme 17 Protein Sequence >Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, muscle isoform
MAEAHQAVAFQFTVTPDGVDFRLSREALKHVYLSGINSWKKRLIRIKNGILRGVYPGSPT
SWLVVIMATVGSSFCNVDISLGLVSCIQRCLPQGCGPYQTPQTRALLSMAIFSTGVWVTG
IFFFRQTLKLLLCYHGWMFEMHGKTSNLTRIWAMCIRLLSSRHPMLYSFQTSLPKLPVPR
VSATIQRYLESVRPLLDDEEYYRMELLAKEFQDKTAPRLQKYLVLKSWWASNYVSDWWEE
YIYLRGRSPLMVNSNYYVMDLVLIKNTDVQAARLGNIIHAMIMYRRKLDREEIKPVMALG
IVPMCSYQMERMFNTTRIPGKDTDVLQHLSDSRHVAVYHKGRFFKLWLYEGARLLKPQDL
EMQFQRILDDPSPPQPGEEKLAALTAGGRVEWAQARQAFFSSGKNKAALEAIERAAFFVA
LDEESYSYDPEDEASLSLYGKALLHGNCYNRWFDKSFTLISFKNGQLGLNAEHAWADAPI
IGHLWEFVLGTDSFHLGYTETGHCLGKPNPALAPPTRLQWDIPKQCQAVIESSYQVAKAL
ADDVELYCFQFLPFGKGLIKKCRTSPDAFVQIALQLAHFRDRGKFCLTYEASMTRMFREG
RTETVRSCTSESTAFVQAMMEGSHTKADLRDLFQKAAKKHQNMYRLAMTGAGIDRHLFCL
YLVSKYLGVSSPFLAEVLSEPWRLSTSQIPQSQIRMFDPEQHPNHLGAGGGFGPVADDGY
GVSYMIAGENTIFFHISSKFSSSETNAQRFGNHIRKALLDIADLFQVPKAYS
Enzyme 17 Number of Residues 772
Enzyme 17 Molecular Weight 87802
Enzyme 17 Theoretical pI 8.77
Enzyme 17 GO Classification
Function
  • acyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups
Process
Component
Enzyme 17 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 17 Specific Function Palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L- palmitoylcarnitine
Enzyme 17 Pathways
Enzyme 17 Reactions
  • palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L-palmitoylcarnitine
Enzyme 17 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 17 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 17 Transmembrane Regions
  • 48-73 103-122
Enzyme 17 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 17 GenBank ID Protein 1621202 Link Image
Enzyme 17 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q92523 Link Image
Enzyme 17 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CPT1B_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 17 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 17 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 17 Gene Sequence >2319 bp
ATGGCGGAAGCTCACCAGGCCGTGGCCTTCCAGTTCACGGTGACCCCAGACGGGGTCGAC
TTCCGGCTCAGTCGGGAGGCCCTGAAACACGTCTACCTGTCTGGGATCAACTCCTGGAAG
AAACGCCTGATCCGCATCAAGAATGGCATCCTCAGGGGCGTGTACCCTGGCAGCCCCACC
AGCTGGCTGGTCGTCATCATGGCAACAGTGGGTTCCTCCTTCTGCAACGTGGACATCTCC
TTGGGGCTGGTCAGTTGCATCCAGAGATGCCTCCCTCAGGGGTGTGGCCCCTACCAGACC
CCGCAGACCCGGGCACTTCTCAGCATGGCCATCTTCTCCACGGGCGTCTGGGTGACGGGC
ATCTTCTTCTTCCGCCAAACCCTGAAGCTGCTTCTCTGCTACCATGGGTGGATGTTTGAG
ATGCATGGCAAGACCAGCAACTTGACCAGGATCTGGGCTATGTGTATCCGCCTTCTATCC
AGCCGGCACCCTATGCTCTACAGCTTCCAGACATCTCTGCCCAAGCTTCCTGTGCCCAGG
GTGTCAGCCACAATTCAGCGGTACCTAGAGTCTGTGCGCCCCTTGTTGGATGATGAGGAA
TATTACCGCATGGAGTTGCTGGCCAAAGAATTCCAGGACAAGACTGCCCCCAGGCTGCAG
AAATACCTGGTGCTCAAGTCATGGTGGGCAAGTAACTATGTGAGTGACTGGTGGGAAGAG
TACATCTACCTTCGAGGCAGGAGCCCTCTCATGGTGAACAGCAACTATTATGTCATGGAC
CTTGTGCTCATCAAGAATACAGACGTGCAGGCAGCCCGCCTGGGAAACATCATCCACGCC
ATGATCATGTATCGCCGTAAACTGGACCGTGAAGAAATCAAGCCTGTGATGGCACTGGGC
ATAGTGCCTATGTGCTCCTACCAGATGGAGAGGATGTTCAACACCACTCGGATCCCGGGC
AAGGACACAGATGTGCTACAGCACCTCTCAGACAGCCGGCACGTGGCTGTCTACCACAAG
GGACGCTTCTTCAAGCTGTGGCTCTATGAGGGCGCCCGTCTGCTCAAGCCTCAGGATCTG
GAGATGCAGTTCCAGAGGATCCTGGACGACCCCTCCCCACCTCAGCCTGGGGAGGAGAAG
CTGGCAGCCCTCACTGCAGGAGGAAGGGTGGAGTGGGCGCAGGCACGCCAGGCCTTCTTT
AGCTCTGGAAAGAATAAGGCTGCCTTGGAGGCCATCGAGCGTGCCGCTTTCTTCGTGGCC
CTGGATGAGGAATCCTACTCCTATGACCCCGAAGATGAGGCCAGCCTCAGCCTCTATGGC
AAGGCCCTGCTACATGGCAACTGCTACAACAGGTGGTTTGACAAATCCTTCACTCTCATT
TCCTTCAAGAATGGCCAGTTGGGTCTCAATGCAGAGCATGCGTGGGCAGATGCTCCCATC
ATTGGGCACCTCTGGGAGTTTGTCCTGGGCACAGACAGCTTCCACCTGGGCTACACGGAG
ACCGGGCACTGCCTGGGCAAACCGAACCCTGCGCTCGCACCTCCTACACGGCTGCAGTGG
GACATTCCAAAACAGTGCCAGGCGGTCATCGAGAGTTCCTACCAGGTGGCCAAGGCGTTG
GCAGACGACGTGGAGTTGTACTGCTTCCAGTTCCTGCCCTTTGGCAAAGGCCTCATCAAG
AAGTGCCGGACCAGCCCTGATGCCTTTGTGCAGATCGCGCTGCAGCTGGCTCACTTCCGG
GACAGGGGTAAGTTCTGCCTGACCTATGAGGCCTCAATGACCAGAATGTTCCGGGAGGGA
CGGACTGAGACTGTGCGTTCCTGTACCAGCGAGTCCACAGCCTTTGTGCAGGCCATGATG
GAGGGGTCCCACACAAAAGCAGACCTGCGAGATCTCTTCCAGAAGGCTGCTAAGAAGCAC
CAGAATATGTACCGCCTGGCCATGACCGGGGCAGGGATCGACAGGCACCTCTTCTGCCTT
TACTTGGTCTCCAAGTACCTAGGAGTCAGCTCTCCTTTCCTTGCTGAGGTGCTCTCGGAA
CCCTGGCGTCTCTCCACCAGCCAGATCCCCCAATCCCAGATCCGCATGTTCGACCCAGAG
CAGCACCCCAATCACCTGGGCGCTGGAGGTGGCTTTGGCCCTGTAGCAGATGATGGCTAT
GGAGTTTCCTACATGATTGCAGGCGAGAACACGATCTTCTTCCACATCTCCAGCAAGTTC
TCAAGCTCAGAGACGAACGCCCAGCGCTTTGGAAACCACATCCGCAAAGCCCTGCTGGAC
ATTGCTGATCTTTTCCAAGTTCCCAAGGCCTACAGCTGA
Enzyme 17 GenBank Gene ID D87812 Link Image
Enzyme 17 GeneCard ID CPT1B Link Image
Enzyme 17 GenAtlas ID CPT1B Link Image
Enzyme 17 HGNC ID HGNC:2329 Link Image
Enzyme 17 Chromosome Location 22
Enzyme 17 Locus 22q13.33
Enzyme 17 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 17 General References
  1. Yamazaki N, Shinohara Y, Shima A, Yamanaka Y, Terada H: Isolation and characterization of cDNA and genomic clones encoding human muscle type carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jun 7;1307(2):157-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Zhu H, Shi J, de Vries Y, Arvidson DN, Cregg JM, Woldegiorgis G: Functional studies of yeast-expressed human heart muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Nov 1;347(1):53-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Britton CH, Mackey DW, Esser V, Foster DW, Burns DK, Yarnall DP, Froguel P, McGarry JD: Fine chromosome mapping of the genes for human liver and muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1A and CPT1B). Genomics. 1997 Feb 15;40(1):209-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. van der Leij FR, Takens J, van der Veen AY, Terpstra P, Kuipers JR: Localization and intron usage analysis of the human CPT1B gene for muscle type carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 May 30;1352(2):123-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Yamazaki N, Yamanaka Y, Hashimoto Y, Shinohara Y, Shima A, Terada H: Structural features of the gene encoding human muscle type carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. FEBS Lett. 1997 Jun 16;409(3):401-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Hirosawa M, Nagase T, Murahashi Y, Kikuno R, Ohara O: Identification of novel transcribed sequences on human chromosome 22 by expressed sequence tag mapping. DNA Res. 2001 Feb 28;8(1):1-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 17 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 18 [top]
Enzyme 18 ID 5544
Enzyme 18 Name Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, liver isoform
Enzyme 18 Synonyms
  1. CPT I
  2. CPTI-L
  3. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A
Enzyme 18 Gene Name CPT1A
Enzyme 18 Protein Sequence >Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase I, liver isoform
MAEAHQAVAFQFTVTPDGIDLRLSHEALRQIYLSGLHSWKKKFIRFKNGIITGVYPASPS
SWLIVVVGVMTTMYAKIDPSLGIIAKINRTLETANCMSSQTKNVVSGVLFGTGLWVALIV
TMRYSLKVLLSYHGWMFTEHGKMSRATKIWMGMVKIFSGRKPMLYSFQTSLPRLPVPAVK
DTVNRYLQSVRPLMKEEDFKRMTALAQDFAVGLGPRLQWYLKLKSWWATNYVSDWWEEYI
YLRGRGPLMVNSNYYAMDLLYILPTHIQAARAGNAIHAILLYRRKLDREEIKPIRLLGST
IPLCSAQWERMFNTSRIPGEETDTIQHMRDSKHIVVYHRGRYFKVWLYHDGRLLKPREME
QQMQRILDNTSEPQPGEARLAALTAGDRVPWARCRQAYFGRGKNKQSLDAVEKAAFFVTL
DETEEGYRSEDPDTSMDSYAKSLLHGRCYDRWFDKSFTFVVFKNGKMGLNAEHSWADAPI
VAHLWEYVMSIDSLQLGYAEDGHCKGDINPNIPYPTRLQWDIPGECQEVIETSLNTANLL
ANDVDFHSFPFVAFGKGIIKKCRTSPDAFVQLALQLAHYKDMGKFCLTYEASMTRLFREG
RTETVRSCTTESCDFVRAMVDPAQTVEQRLKLFKLASEKHQHMYRLAMTGSGIDRHLFCL
YVVSKYLAVESPFLKEVLSEPWRLSTSQTPQQQVELFDLENNPEYVSSGGGFGPVADDGY
GVSYILVGENLINFHISSKFSCPETDSHRFGRHLKEAMTDIITLFGLSSNSKK
Enzyme 18 Number of Residues 773
Enzyme 18 Molecular Weight 88369
Enzyme 18 Theoretical pI 8.84
Enzyme 18 GO Classification
Function
  • acyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups
Process
Component
Enzyme 18 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 18 Specific Function Palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L- palmitoylcarnitine
Enzyme 18 Pathways
Enzyme 18 Reactions
  • palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L-palmitoylcarnitine
Enzyme 18 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 18 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 18 Transmembrane Regions
  • 48-73 103-122
Enzyme 18 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 18 GenBank ID Protein 755646 Link Image
Enzyme 18 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P50416 Link Image
Enzyme 18 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CPT1A_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 18 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 18 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 18 Gene Sequence >2322 bp
ATGGCAGAAGCTCACCAAGCTGTGGCCTTTCAGTTCACGGTCACTCCGGACGGGATTGAC
CTGCGGCTGAGCCATGAAGCTCTTAGACAAATCTATCTCTCTGGACTTCATTCCTGGAAA
AAGAAGTTCATCAGATTCAAGAACGGCATCATCACTGGCGTGTACCCGGCAAGCCCCTCC
AGTTGGCTTATCGTGGTGGTGGGCGTGATGACAACGATGTACGCCAAGATCGACCCCTCG
TTAGGAATAATTGCAAAAATCAATCGGACTCTGGAAACGGCCAACTGCATGTCCAGCCAG
ACGAAGAACGTGGTCAGCGGCGTGCTGTTTGGCACCGGCCTGTGGGTGGCCCTCATCGTC
ACCATGCGCTACTCCCTGAAAGTGCTGCTCTCCTACCACGGGTGGATGTTCACTGAGCAC
GGCAAGATGAGTCGTGCCACCAAGATCTGGATGGGTATGGTCAAGATCTTTTCAGGCCGA
AAACCCATGTTGTACAGCTTCCAGACATCGCTGCCTCGCCTGCCGGTCCCGGCTGTCAAA
GACACTGTGAACAGGTATCTACAGTCGGTGAGGCCTCTTATGAAGGAAGAAGACTTCAAA
CGGATGACAGCACTTGCTCAAGATTTTGCTGTCGGTCTTGGACCAAGATTACAGTGGTAT
TTGAAGTTAAAATCCTGGTGGGCTACAAATTACGTGAGCGACTGGTGGGAGGAGTACATC
TACCTCCGAGGACGAGGGCCGCTCATGGTGAACAGCAACTATTATGCCATGGATCTGCTG
TATATCCTTCCAACTCACATTCAGGCAGCAAGAGCCGGCAACGCCATCCATGCCATCCTG
CTTTACAGGCGCAAACTGGACCGGGAGGAAATCAAACCAATTCGTCTTTTGGGATCCACG
ATTCCACTCTGCTCCGCTCAGTGGGAGCGGATGTTTAATACTTCCCGGATCCCAGGAGAG
GAGACAGACACCATCCAGCACATGAGAGACAGCAAGCACATCGTCGTGTACCATCGAGGA
CGCTACTTCAAGGTCTGGCTCTACCATGATGGGCGGCTGCTGAAGCCCCGGGAGATGGAG
CAGCAGATGCAGAGGATCCTGGACAATACCTCGGAGCCTCAGCCCGGGGAGGCCAGGCTG
GCAGCCCTCACCGCAGGAGACAGAGTTCCCTGGGCCAGGTGTCGTCAGGCCTATTTTGGA
CGTGGGAAAAATAAGCAGTCTCTTGATGCTGTGGAGAAAGCAGCGTTCTTCGTGACGTTA
GATGAAACTGAAGAAGGATACAGAAGTGAAGACCCGGATACGTCAATGGACAGCTACGCC
AAATCTCTACTACACGGCCGATGTTACGACAGGTGGTTTGACAAGTCGTTCACGTTTGTT
GTCTTCAAAAACGGGAAGATGGGCCTCAACGCTGAACACTCCTGGGCAGATGCGCAGATC
GTGGCCCACCTTTGGGAGTACGTCATGTCCATTGACAGCCTCCAGCTGGGCTATGCGGAG
GATGGGCACTGCAAAGGCGACATCAATCCGAACATTCCGTACCCCACCAGGCTGCAGTGG
GACATCCCGGGGGAATGTCAAGAGGTTATAGAGACCTCCCTGAACACCGCAAATCTTCTG
GCAAACGACGTGGATTTCCATTCCTTCCCATTCGTAGCCTTTGGTAAAGGAATCATCAAG
AAATGTCGCACGAGCCCAGACACCTTTGTGCAGCTGGCCCTCCAGCTGGCGCACTACAAG
GACATGGGCAAGTTTTGCCTCACATACGAGGCCTCCATGACCCGGCTCTTCCGAGAGGGG
AGGACGGAGACCGTGCGCTCCTGCACCACTGAGTCATGCGACTTCGTGCGGGCCATGGTG
GACCCGGCCCAGACGGTGGAACAGAGGCTGAAGTTGTTCAAGTTGGCGTCTGAGAAGCAT
CAGCATATGTATCGCCTCGCCATGACCGGCTCTGGGATCGATCGTCACCTCTTCTGCCTT
TACGTGGTGTCTAAATATCTCGCTGTGGAGTCCCCTTTCCTTAAGGAAGTTTTATCTGAG
CCTTGGAGATTATCAACAAGCCAGACCCCTCAGCAGCAAGTGGAGCTGTTTGACTTGGAG
AATAACCCAGAGTACGTGTCCAGCGGAGGGGGCTTTGGACCGGTTGCTGATGACGGCTAT
GGTGTGTCGTACATCCTTGTGGGAGAGAACCTCATCAATTTCCACATTTCTTCCAAGTTC
TCTTGCCCTGAGACGGATTCTCATCGCTTTGGAAGGCACCTGAAAGAAGCAATGACTGAC
ATCATCACTTTGTTTGGTCTCAGTTCTAATTCCAAAAAGTAA
Enzyme 18 GenBank Gene ID L39211 Link Image
Enzyme 18 GeneCard ID CPT1A Link Image
Enzyme 18 GenAtlas ID CPT1A Link Image
Enzyme 18 HGNC ID HGNC:2328 Link Image
Enzyme 18 Chromosome Location 11
Enzyme 18 Locus 11q13.1-q13.2
Enzyme 18 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 18 General References
  1. Britton CH, Schultz RA, Zhang B, Esser V, Foster DW, McGarry JD: Human liver mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase I: characterization of its cDNA and chromosomal localization and partial analysis of the gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Mar 14;92(6):1984-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 18 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 19 [top]
Enzyme 19 ID 5548
Enzyme 19 Name Acyl-CoA desaturase
Enzyme 19 Synonyms
  1. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase
  2. Fatty acid desaturase
  3. Delta(9-desaturase
Enzyme 19 Gene Name SCD
Enzyme 19 Protein Sequence >Acyl-CoA desaturase
MPAHLLQDDISSSYTTTTTITAPPSRVLQNGGDKLETMPLYLEDDIRPDIKDDIYDPTYK
DKEGPSPKVEYVWRNIILMSLLHLGALYGITLIPTCKFYTWLWGVFYYFVSALGITAGAH
RLWSHRSYKARLPLRLFLIIANTMAFQNDVYEWARDHRAHHKFSETHADPHNSRRGFFFS
HVGWLLVRKHPAVKEKGSTLDLSDLEAEKLVMFQRRYYKPGLLMMCFILPTLVPWYFWGE
TFQNSVFVATFLRYAVVLNATWLVNSAAHLFGYRPYDKNISPRENILVSLGAVGEGFHNY
HHSFPYDYSASEYRWHINFTTFFIDCMAALGLAYDRKKVSKAAILARIKRTGDGNYKSG
Enzyme 19 Number of Residues 359
Enzyme 19 Molecular Weight 41523
Enzyme 19 Theoretical pI 9.28
Enzyme 19 GO Classification
Function
  • CoA desaturase activity
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with oxidation of a pair of donors resulting in the reduction of molecular oxygen to two molecules of water
  • stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • carboxylic acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • fatty acid biosynthesis
  • fatty acid desaturation
  • fatty acid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • organic acid metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
  • cell
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • integral to membrane
  • intracellular membrane-bound organelle
  • intrinsic to membrane
  • membrane
  • membrane-bound organelle
  • organelle
Enzyme 19 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 19 Specific Function Terminal component of the liver microsomal stearyl-CoA desaturase system, that utilizes O(2) and electrons from reduced cytochrome b5 to catalyze the insertion of a double bond into a spectrum of fatty acyl-CoA substrates including palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA
Enzyme 19 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 19 Reactions
  • stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + H2O
Enzyme 19 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 19 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 19 Transmembrane Regions
  • 76-96 98-118 223-243 315-335
Enzyme 19 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 19 GenBank ID Protein 2190404 Link Image
Enzyme 19 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O00767 Link Image
Enzyme 19 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACOD_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 19 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 19 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 19 Gene Sequence >1080 bp
ATGCCGGCCCACTTGCTGCAGGACGATATCTCTAGCTCCTATACCACCACCACCACCATT
ACAGCGCCTCCTCCAGGGGTCCTGCAGAATGGAGGAGATAAGTTGGAGACGATGCCCCTC
TACTTGGAAGACGACATTCGCCCTGATATAAAAGATGATATATATGACCCCACCTACAAG
GATAAGGAAGGCCCAAGCCCCAAGGTTGAATATGTCTGGAGAAACATCATCCTTATGTCT
CTGCTACACTTGGGAGCCCTGTATGGGATCACTTTGATTCCTACCTGCAAGTTCTACACC
TGGCTTTGGGGGGTATTCTACTATTTTGTCAGTGCCCTGGGCATAACAGCAGGAGCTCAT
CGTCTGTGGAGCCACCGCTCTTACAAAGCTCGGCTGCCCCTACGGCTCTTTCTGATCATT
GCCAACACAATGGCATTCCAGAATGATGTCTATGAATGGGCTCGTGACCACCGTGCCCAC
CACAAGTTTTCAGAAACACATGCTGATCCTCATAATTCCCGACGTGGCTTTTTCTTCTCT
CACGTGGGTTGGCTGCTTGTGCGCAAACACCCAGCTGTCAAAGAGAAGGGGAGTACGCTA
GACTTGTCTGACCTAGAAGCTGAGAAACTGGTGATGTTCCAGAGGAGGTACTACAAACCT
GGCTTGCTGATGATGTGCTTCATCCTGCCCACGCTTGTGCCCTGGTATTTCTGGGGTGAA
ACTTTTCAAAACAGTGTGTTCGTTGCCACTTTCTTGCGATATGCTGTGGTGCTTAATGCC
ACCTGGCTGGTGAACAGTGCTGCCCACCTCTTCGGATATCGTCCTTATGACAAGAACATT
AGCCCCCGGGAGAATATCCTGGTTTCACTTGGAGCTGTGGGTGAGGGCTTCCACAACTAC
CACCACTCCTTTCCCTATGACTACTCTGCCAGTGAGTACCGCTGGCACATCAACTTCAAC
ACATTCTTCATTGATTGGATGGCCGCCCTCGGTCTGACCTATGACCGGAAGAAAGTCTCC
AAGGCCGCCATCTTGGCCAGGATTAAAAGAACCGGAGATGGAAACTACAAGAGTGGCTGA
Enzyme 19 GenBank Gene ID Y13647 Link Image
Enzyme 19 GeneCard ID SCD Link Image
Enzyme 19 GenAtlas ID SCD Link Image
Enzyme 19 HGNC ID HGNC:10571 Link Image
Enzyme 19 Chromosome Location 10
Enzyme 19 Locus 10q23-q24
Enzyme 19 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 19 General References
  1. Zhang L, Ge L, Parimoo S, Stenn K, Prouty SM: Human stearoyl-CoA desaturase: alternative transcripts generated from a single gene by usage of tandem polyadenylation sites. Biochem J. 1999 May 15;340 ( Pt 1):255-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Zhang L, Ge L, Tran T, Stenn K, Prouty SM: Isolation and characterization of the human stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene promoter: requirement of a conserved CCAAT cis-element. Biochem J. 2001 Jul 1;357(Pt 1):183-93. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Li J, Ding SF, Habib NA, Fermor BF, Wood CB, Gilmour RS: Partial characterization of a cDNA for human stearoyl-CoA desaturase and changes in its mRNA expression in some normal and malignant tissues. Int J Cancer. 1994 May 1;57(3):348-52. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 19 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 20 [top]
Enzyme 20 ID 5626
Enzyme 20 Name Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 20 Synonyms
  1. TP-alpha
  2. 78 kDa gastrin-binding protein[Includes: Long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase
Enzyme 20 Gene Name HADHA
Enzyme 20 Protein Sequence >Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha, mitochondrial precursor
MVACRAIGILSRFSAFRILRSRGYICRNFTGSSALLTRTHINYGVKGDVAVVRINSPNSK
VNTLSKELHSEFSEVMNEIWASDQIRSAVLISSKPGCFIAGADINMLAACKTLQEVTQLS
QEAQRIVEKLEKSTKPIVAAINGSCLGGGLEVAISCQYRIATKDRKTVLGTPEVLLGALP
GAGGTQRLPKMVGVPAALDMMLTGRSIRADRAKKMGLVDQLVEPLGPGLKPPEERTIEYL
EEVAITFAKGLADKKISPKRDKGLVEKLTAYAMTIPFVRQQVYKKVEEKVRKQTKGLYPA
PLKIIDVVKTGIEQGSDAGYLCESQKFGELVMTKESKALMGLYHGQVLCKKNKFGAPQKD
VKHLAILGAGLMGAGIAQVSVDKGLKTILKDATLTALDRGQQQVFKGLNDKVKKKALTSF
ERDSIFSNLTGQLDYQGFEKADMVIEAVFEDLSLKHRVLKEVEAVIPDHCIFASNTSALP
ISEIAAVSKRPEKVIGMHYFSPVDKMQLLEIITTEKTSKDTSASAVAVGLKQGKVIIVVK
DGPGFYTTRCLAPMMSEVIRILQEGVDPKKLDSLTTSFGFPVGAATLVDEVGVDVAKHVA
EDLGKVFGERFGGGNPELLTQMVSKGFLGRKSGKGFYIYQEGVKRKDLNSDMDSILASLK
LPPKSEVSSDEDIQFRLVTRFVNEAVMCLQEGILATPAEGDIGAVFGLGFPPCLGGPFRF
VDLYGAQKIVDRLKKYEAAYGKQFTPCQLLADHANSPNKKFYQ
Enzyme 20 Number of Residues 763
Enzyme 20 Molecular Weight 83001
Enzyme 20 Theoretical pI 9.52
Enzyme 20 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Process
  • carboxylic acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • fatty acid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • organic acid metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 20 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 20 Specific Function Bifunctional subunit
Enzyme 20 Pathways
Enzyme 20 Reactions
  • (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = trans-2(or 3)-enoyl-CoA + H2O
Enzyme 20 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 20 Signals
  • 1-23
Enzyme 20 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 20 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 20 GenBank ID Protein 862457 Link Image
Enzyme 20 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P40939 Link Image
Enzyme 20 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ECHA_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 20 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 20 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 20 Gene Sequence >2292 bp
ATGGTGGCCTGCCGGGCGATTGGCATCCTCAGCCGCTTTTCTGCCTTCAGGATCCTCCGC
TCCCGAGGTTATATATGCCGCAATTTTACAGGGTCTTCTGCTTTGCTGACCAGAACCCAT
ATTAACTATGGAGTCAAAGGGGATGTGGCAGTTGTTCGAATTAACTCTCCCAATTCAAAG
GTAAATACACTGAGTAAAGAGCTACATTCAGAGTTCTCAGAAGTTATGAATGAAATCTGG
GCTAGTGATCAAATCAGAAGTGCCGTCCTTATCTCATCAAAGCCAGGCTGCTTTATTGCA
GGTGCTGATATCAACATGTTAGCCGCTTGCAAGACCCTTCAAGAAGTAACACAGCTATCA
CAAGAAGCACAGAGAATAGTTGAGAAACTTGAAAAGTCCACAAAGCCTATTGTGGCTGCC
ATCAATGGATCCTGCGTGGGAGGAGGACTTGAGGTTGCCATTTCATGCCAATACAGAATA
GCAACAAAAGACAGAAAAACAGTATTAGGTACCCCTGAAGTTTTGCTGGGGGCCTTACCA
GGAGCAGGAGGCACACAAAGGCTGCCCAAAATGGTGGGTGTGCCTGCTGCTTTGGACATG
ATGCTGACTGGTAGAAGCATTCGTGCAGACAGGGCAAAGAAAATGGGACTGGTTGACCAA
CTGGTGGAACCCCTGGGACCAGGACTAAAACCTCCAGAGGAACGGACAATAGAATACCTA
GAAGAAGTTGCAATTACTTTTGCCAAAGGACTAGCTGATAAGAAGATCTCTCCAAAGAGA
GACAAGGGATTGGTGGAAAAATTGACAGCGTATGCCATGACTATTCCATTTGTCAGGCAA
CAGGTTTACAAAAAAGTGGAAGAAAAAGTGCGAAAGCAGACTAAAGGCCTTTATCCTGCA
CCTCTGAAAATAATTGATGTGGTAAAGACTGGAATTGAGCAAGGGAGTGATGCCGGTTAT
CTCTGTGAATCTCAGAAATTTGGAGAGCTTGTAATGACCAAAGAATCAAAGGCCTTGATG
GGACTCTACCATGGTCAGGTCCTGTGCAAGAAGAATAAATTTGGAGCTCCACAGAAGGAT
GTTAAGCATCTGGCTATTCTTGGTGCAGGGCTGATGGGAGCAGGCATCGCCCAAGTCTCC
GTGGATAAGGGGCTAAAGACTATACTTAAAGATGCCACCCTCACTGCGCTAGACCGAGGA
CAGCAACAAGTGTTCAAAGGATTGAATGACAAAGTGAAGAAGAAAGCTCTAACATCATTT
GAAAGGGATTCCATCTTCAGCAACTTGACTGGGCAGCTTGATTACCAAGGTTTTGAAAAG
GCCGACATGGTGATTGAAGCTGTGTTTGAGGACCTTAGTCTTAAGCACAGAGTGCTAAAG
GAAGTAGAAGCGGTGATTCCAGATCACTGTATCTTTGCCAGTAACACATCTGCTCTCCCA
ATCAGTGAAATCGCTGCTGTCAGCAAAAGACCTGAGAAGGTGATTGGCATGCACTACTTC
TCTCCCGTGGACAAGATGCAGCTGCTGGAGATTATCACGACCGAGAAAACTTCCAAAGAC
ACCAGTGCTTCAGCTGTAGCAGTTGGTCTCAAGCAGGGGAAGGTCATCATTGTGGTTAAG
GATGGACCTGGCTTCTATACTACCAGGTGTCTTGCGCCCATGATGTCTGAAGTCATCCGA
ATCCTCCAGGAAGGAGTTGACCCGAAGAAGCTGGATTCCCTGACCACAAGCTTTGGCTTT
CCTGTGGGTGCCGCCACACTGGTGGATGAAGTTGGTGTGGATGTAGCGAAACATGTGGCG
GAAGATCTGGGCAAAGTCTTTGGGGAGCGGTTTGGAGGTGGAAACCCAGAACTGCTGACA
CAGATGGTGTCCAAGGGCTTCCTAGGTCGTAAATCTGGGAAGGGCTTTTACATCTATCAG
GAGGGTGTGAAGAGGAAGGATTTGAATTCTGACATGGATAGTATTTTAGCGAGTCTGAAG
CTGCCTCCTAAGTCTGAAGTCTCATCAGACGAAGACATCCAGTTCCGCCTGGTGACAAGA
TTTGTGAATGAGGCAGTCATGTGCCTGCAAGAGGGGATCTCGGCCACACCTGCAGAGGGA
GACATCGGAGCCGTCTTTGGGCTTGGCTTCCCGCCTTGTCTGGGAGGGCCTTTCCGCTTT
GTGGATCTGTATGGCGCCCAGAAGATAGTGGACCGGCTCAAGAAATATGAAGCTGCCTAT
GGAAAACAGTTCACCCCATGCCAGCTGCTAGCTGACCATGCTAACAGCCCTAACAAGAAG
TTCTACCAGTGA
Enzyme 20 GenBank Gene ID D16480 Link Image
Enzyme 20 GeneCard ID HADHA Link Image
Enzyme 20 GenAtlas ID HADHA Link Image
Enzyme 20 HGNC ID HGNC:4801 Link Image
Enzyme 20 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 20 Locus 2p23
Enzyme 20 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 20 General References
  1. Kamijo T, Aoyama T, Komiyama A, Hashimoto T: Structural analysis of cDNAs for subunits of human mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation trifunctional protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Mar 15;199(2):818-25. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Zhang QX, Baldwin GS: Structures of the human cDNA and gene encoding the 78 kDa gastrin-binding protein and of a related pseudogene. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Oct 18;1219(2):567-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Sims HF, Brackett JC, Powell CK, Treem WR, Hale DE, Bennett MJ, Gibson B, Shapiro S, Strauss AW: The molecular basis of pediatric long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency associated with maternal acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jan 31;92(3):841-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 20 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 21 [top]
Enzyme 21 ID 5746
Enzyme 21 Name Sterol O-acyltransferase 2
Enzyme 21 Synonyms
  1. Cholesterol acyltransferase 2
  2. Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2
  3. ACAT-2
Enzyme 21 Gene Name SOAT2
Enzyme 21 Protein Sequence >Sterol O-acyltransferase 2
MEPGGARLRLQRTEGLGGERERQPCGDGNTETHRAPDLVQWTRHMEAVKAQLLEQAQGQL
RELLDRAMREAIQSYPSQDKPLPPPPPGSLSRTQEPSLGKQKVFIIRKSLLDELMEVQHF
RTIYHMFIAGLCVFIISTLAIDFIDEGRLLLEFDLLIFSFGQLPLALVTWVPMFLSTLLA
PYQALRLWARGTWTQATGLGCALLAAHAVVLCALPVHVAVEHQLPPASRCVLVFEQVRFL
MKSYSFLREAVPGTLRARRGEGIQAPSFSSYLYFLFCPTLIYRETYPRTPYVRWNYVAKN
FAQALGCVLYACFILGRLCVPVFANMSREPFSTRALVLSILHATLPGIFMLLLIFFAFLH
CWLNAFAEMLRFGDRMFYRDWWNSTSFSNYYRTWNVVVHDWLYSYVYQDGLRLLGARARG
VAMLGVFLVSAVAHEYIFCFVLGFFYPVMLILFLVIGGMLNFMMHDQRTGPAWNVLMWTM
LFLGQGIQVSLYCQEWYARRHCPLPQATFWGLVTPRSWSCHT
Enzyme 21 Number of Residues 522
Enzyme 21 Molecular Weight 59897
Enzyme 21 Theoretical pI 8.71
Enzyme 21 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 21 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 21 Specific Function Plays a role in lipoprotein assembly and dietary cholesterol absorption. In addition to its acyltransferase activity, it may act as a ligase. May provide cholesteryl esters for lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes and intestinal mucosa
Enzyme 21 Pathways
Enzyme 21 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + cholesterol = CoA + cholesterol ester
Enzyme 21 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 21 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 21 Transmembrane Regions
  • 124-144 155-175 200-220 262-282 304-324 344-366 437-457 472-492
Enzyme 21 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 21 GenBank ID Protein 3746535 Link Image
Enzyme 21 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O75908 Link Image
Enzyme 21 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name SOAT2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 21 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 21 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 21 Gene Sequence >1569 bp
ATGGAGCCAGGCGGGGCCCGTCTGCGTCTGCAGAGGACAGAAGGGCTGGGAGGGGAGCGG
GAGCGCCAACCCTGTGGAGATGGAAACACTGAGACGCACAGAGCCCCGGACTTGGTACAA
TGGACCCGACACATGGAGGCTGTGAAGGCACAATTGCTGGAGCAAGCGCAGGGACAACTG
AGGGAGCTGCTGGATCGGGCCATGCGGGAGGCTATACAATCCTACCCATCACAAGACAAA
CCTCTGCCCCCACCTCCCCCAGGTTCCTTGAGCAGGACCCAGGAGCCATCCCTGGGGAAA
CAGAAAGTTTTCATCATCCGCAAGTCCCTGCTTGATGAGCTGATGGAGGTGCAGCATTTC
CGCACCATCTACCACATGTTCATCGCTGGCCTGTGTGTCTTCATCATCAGCACCCTGGCC
ATCGACTTCATTGATGAGGGCAGGCTGCTGCTGGAGTTTGACCTACTGATCTTCAGCTTC
GGACAGCTGCCATTGGCGCTGGTGACCTGGGTGCCCATGTTTCTGTCCACCCTGTTGGCG
CCGTACCAGGCCCTACGGCTGTGGGCCAGGGGCACCTGGACGCAGGCGACGGGCCTGGGC
TGTGCGCTGCTAGCCGCCCACGCCGTGGTGCTCTGCGCGCTGCCGGTCCACGTGGCCGTG
GAGCATCAGCTCCCGCCGGCCTCCCGTTGTGTCCTGGTCTTCGAGCAGGTTAGGTTCCTG
ATGAAAAGCTACTCCTTCCTGAGAGAGGCTGTGCCTGGGACCCTTCGTGCCAGACGAGGT
GAGGGGATCCAGGCCCCCAGTTTCTCCAGCTACCTCTACTTCCTCTTCTGCCCAACACTC
ATCTACAGGGAGACTTACCCTAGGACGCCCTATGTCAGGTGGAATTATGTGGCCAAGAAC
TTTGCCCAGGCCCTGGGATGTGTGCTCTATGCCTGCTTCATCCTGGGCCGCCTCTGTGTT
CCTGTCTTTGCCAACATGAGCCGAGAGCCCTTCAGCACCCGTGCCCTGGTGCTCTCTATC
CTGCATGCCACGTTGCCAGGCATCTTCATGCTGCTGCTCATCTTCTTTGCCTTCCTCCAT
TGCTGGCTCAACGCCTTTGCCGAGATGCTACGATTTGGAGACAGGATGTTCTACCGGGAC
TGGTGGAACTCAACGTCCTTCTCCAACTACTACCGCACTTGGAACGTGGTGGTCCATGAC
TGGCTGTACAGCTACGTGTATCAGGATGGGCTGCGGCTCCTTGGTGCCCGGGCCCGAGGG
GTAGCCATGCTGGGTGTGTTCCTGGTCTCCGCAGTGGCCCATGAGTATATCTTCTGCTTC
GTCCTGGGGTTCTTCTATCCCGTCATGCTGATACTCTTCCTTGTCATTGGAGGAATGTTG
AACTTCATGATGCATGACCAGCGCACCGGCCCGGCATGGAACGTGCTGATGTGGACCATG
CTGTTTCTAGGCCAGGGAATCCAGGTCAGCCTGTACTGCCAGGAGTGGTACGCACGGCGG
CACTGCCCCTTACCCCAGGCAACTTTCTGGGGGCTGGTGACACCTCGATCTTGGTCCTGC
CATACCTAG
Enzyme 21 GenBank Gene ID AF059203 Link Image
Enzyme 21 GeneCard ID SOAT2 Link Image
Enzyme 21 GenAtlas ID SOAT2 Link Image
Enzyme 21 HGNC ID HGNC:11178 Link Image
Enzyme 21 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 21 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 21 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 21 General References
  1. Oelkers P, Behari A, Cromley D, Billheimer JT, Sturley SL: Characterization of two human genes encoding acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-related enzymes. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 9;273(41):26765-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chang CC, Sakashita N, Ornvold K, Lee O, Chang ET, Dong R, Lin S, Lee CY, Strom SC, Kashyap R, Fung JJ, Farese RV Jr, Patoiseau JF, Delhon A, Chang TY: Immunological quantitation and localization of ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 in human liver and small intestine. J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 8;275(36):28083-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Katsuren K, Tamura T, Arashiro R, Takata K, Matsuura T, Niikawa N, Ohta T: Structure of the human acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2) gene and its relation to dyslipidemia. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Apr 30;1531(3):230-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Song BL, Qi W, Yang XY, Chang CC, Zhu JQ, Chang TY, Li BL: Organization of human ACAT-2 gene and its cell-type-specific promoter activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Mar 30;282(2):580-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 21 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 22 [top]
Enzyme 22 ID 5751
Enzyme 22 Name Sterol O-acyltransferase 1
Enzyme 22 Synonyms
  1. Cholesterol acyltransferase 1
  2. Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1
  3. ACAT-1
Enzyme 22 Gene Name SOAT1
Enzyme 22 Protein Sequence >Sterol O-acyltransferase 1
MVGEEKMSLRNRLSKSRENPEEDEDQRNPAKESLETPSNGRIDIKQLIAKKIKLTAEAEE
LKPFFMKEVGSHFDDFVTNLIEKSASLDNGGCALTTFSVLEGEKNNHRAKDLRAPPEQGK
IFIARRSLLDELLEVDHIRTIYHMFIALLILFILSTLVVDYIDEGRLVLEFSLLSYAFGK
FPTVVWTWWIMFLSTFSVPYFLFQHWATGYSKSSHPLIRSLFHGFLFMIFQIGVLGFGPT
YVVLAYTLPPASRFIIIFEQIRFVMKAHSFVRENVPRVLNSAKEKSSTVPIPTVNQYLYF
LFAPTLIYRDSYPRNPTVRWGYVAMKFAQVFGCFFYVYYIFERLCAPLFRNIKQEPFSAR
VLVLCVFNSILPGVLILFLTFFAFLHCWLNAFAEMLRFGDRMFYKDWWNSTSYSNYYRTW
NVVVHDWLYYYAYKDFLWFFSKRFKSAAMLAVFAVSAVVHEYALAVCLSFFYPVLFVLFM
FFGMAFNFIVNDSRKKPIWNVLMWTSLFLGNGVLLCFYSQEWYARQHCPLKNPTFLDYVR
PRSWTCRYVF
Enzyme 22 Number of Residues 550
Enzyme 22 Molecular Weight 64735
Enzyme 22 Theoretical pI 9.18
Enzyme 22 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 22 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 22 Specific Function Catalyzes the formation of fatty acid-cholesterol esters. Plays a role in lipoprotein assembly and dietary cholesterol absorption. In addition to its acyltransferase activity, it may act as a ligase
Enzyme 22 Pathways
Enzyme 22 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + cholesterol = CoA + cholesterol ester
Enzyme 22 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 22 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 22 Transmembrane Regions
  • 141-159 320-341 361-382 470-490 498-518
Enzyme 22 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 22 GenBank ID Protein 4878022 Link Image
Enzyme 22 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P35610 Link Image
Enzyme 22 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name SOAT1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 22 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 22 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 22 Gene Sequence >1653 bp
ATGGTGGGTGAAGAGAAGATGTCTCTAAGAAACCGGCTGTCAAAGTCCAGGGAAAATCCT
GAGGAAGATGAAGACCAGAGAAACCCTGCAAAGGAGTCCCTAGAGACACCTAGTAATGGT
CGAATTGACATAAAACAGTTGATAGCAAAGAAGATAAAGTTGACAGCAGAGGCAGAGGAA
TTGAAGCCATTTTTTATGAAGGAAGTTGGCAGTCACTTTGATGATTTTGTGACCAATCTC
ATTGAAAAGTCAGCATCATTAGATAATGGTGGGTGCGCTCTCACAACCTTTTCTGTTCTT
GAAGGAGAGAAAAACAACCATAGAGCGAAGGATTTGAGAGCACCTCCAGAACAAGGAAAG
ATTTTTATTGCAAGGCGCTCTCTCTTAGATGAACTGCTTGAAGTGGACCACATCAGAACA
ATATATCACATGTTTATTGCCCTCCTCATTCTCTTTATCCTCAGCACACTTGTAGTAGAT
TACATTGATGAAGGAAGGCTGGTGCTTGAGTTCAGCCTCCTGTCTTATGCTTTTGGCAAA
TTTCCTACCGTTGTTTGGACCTGGTGGATCATGTTCCTGTCTACATTTTCAGTTCCCTAT
TTTCTGTTTCAACATTGGGCCACTGGCTATAGCAAGAGTTCTCATCCGCTGATCCGTTCT
CTCTTCCATGGCTTTCTTTTCATGATCTTCCAGATTGGAGTTCTAGGTTTTGGACCAACA
TATGTTGTGTTAGCATATACACTGCCACCAGCTTCCCGGTTCATCATTATATTCGAGCAG
ATTCGTTTTGTAATGAAGGCCCACTCATTTGTCAGAGAGAACGTGCCTCGGGTACTAAAT
TCAGCTAAGGAGAAATCAAGCACTGTTCCAATACCTACAGTCAACCAGTATTTGTACTTC
TTATTTGCTCCTACCCTTATCTACCGTGACAGCTATCCCAGGAATCCCACTGTAAGATGG
GGTTATGTCGCTATGAAGTTTGCACAGGTCTTTGGTTGCTTTTTCTATGTGTACTACATC
TTTGAAAGGCTTTGTGCCCCCTTGTTTCGGAATATCAAACAGGAGCCCTTCAGCGCTCGT
GTTCTGGTCCTATGTGTATTTAACTCCATCTTGCCAGGTGTGCTGATTCTCTTCCTTACT
TTTTTTGCCTTTTTGCACTGCTGGCTCAATGCCTTTGCTGAGATGTTACGCTTTGGTGAC
AGGATGTTCTATAAGGATTGGTGGAACTCCACGTCATACTCCAACTATTATAGAACCTGG
AATGTGGTGGTCCATGACTGGCTATATTACTATGCTTACAAGGACTTTCTCTGGTTTTTC
TCCAAGAGATTCAAATCTGCTGCCATGTTAGCTGTCTTTGCTGTATCTGCTGTAGTACAC
GAATATGCCTTGGCTGTTTGCTTGAGCTTTTTCTATCCCGTGCTCTTCGTGCTCTTCATG
TTCTTTGGAATGGCTTTCAACTTCATTGTCAATGATAGTCGGAAAAAGCCGATTTGGAAT
GTTCTGATGTGGACTTCTCTTTTCTTGGGCAATGGAGTCTTACTCTGCTTTTATTCTCAA
GAATGGTATGCACGTCGGCACTGTCCTCTGAAAAATCCCACATTTTTGGATTATGTCCGG
CCACGTTCCTGGACTTGTCGTTACGTGTTTTAG
Enzyme 22 GenBank Gene ID L21934 Link Image
Enzyme 22 GeneCard ID SOAT1 Link Image
Enzyme 22 GenAtlas ID SOAT1 Link Image
Enzyme 22 HGNC ID HGNC:11177 Link Image
Enzyme 22 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 22 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 22 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 22 General References
  1. Chang CC, Huh HY, Cadigan KM, Chang TY: Molecular cloning and functional expression of human acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase cDNA in mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem. 1993 Oct 5;268(28):20747-55. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Lin S, Cheng D, Liu MS, Chen J, Chang TY: Human acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum contains seven transmembrane domains. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 13;274(33):23276-85. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 22 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 23 [top]
Enzyme 23 ID 5821
Enzyme 23 Name Bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase
Enzyme 23 Synonyms
  1. BAT
  2. BACAT
  3. Glycine N-choloyltransferase
  4. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA hydrolase
Enzyme 23 Gene Name BAAT
Enzyme 23 Protein Sequence >Bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase
MIQLTATPVSALVDEPVHIRATGLIPFQMVSFQASLEDENGDMFYSQAHYRANEFGEVDL
NHASSLGGDYMGVHPMGLFWSLKPEKLLTRLLKRDVMNRPFQVQVKLYDLELIVNNKVAS
APKASLTLERWYVAPGVTRIKVREGRLRGALFLPPGEGLFPGVIDLFGGLGGLLEFRASL
LASRGFASLALAYHNYEDLPRKPEVTDLEYFEEAANFLLRHPKVFGSGVGVVSVCQGVQI
GLSMAIYLKQVTATVLINGTNFPFGIPQVYHGQIHQPLPHSAQLISTNALGLLELYRTFE
TTQVGASQYLFPIEEAQGQFLFIVGEGDKTINSKAHAEQAIGQLKRHGKNNWTLLSYPGA
GHLIEPPYSPLCCASTTHDLRLHWGGEVIPHAAAQEHAWKEIQRFLRKHLIPDVTSQL
Enzyme 23 Number of Residues 418
Enzyme 23 Molecular Weight 46300
Enzyme 23 Theoretical pI 7.00
Enzyme 23 GO Classification
Function
  • CoA hydrolase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity
  • thiolester hydrolase activity
Process
  • lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
Component
Enzyme 23 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 23 Specific Function Involved in bile acid metabolism. In liver hepatocytes catalyzes the second step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi. The major components of bile are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In a first step the bile acids are converted to an acyl-CoA thioester, either in peroxisomes (primary bile acids deriving from the cholesterol pathway), or cytoplasmic at the endoplasmic reticulum (secondary bile acids). May catalyze the conjugation of primary or secondary bile acids, or both. The conjugation increases the detergent properties of bile acids in the intestine, which facilitates lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. In turn, bile acids are deconjugated by bacteria in the intestine and are recycled back to the liver for reconjugation (secondary bile acids). May also act as an acyl-CoA thioesterase that regulates intracellular levels of free fatty acids. In vitro, catalyzes the hydrolysis of long- and very long-chain saturated acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), and conjugates glycine to these acyl-CoAs
Enzyme 23 Pathways
Enzyme 23 Reactions
  • palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate
Enzyme 23 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 23 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 23 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 23 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 23 GenBank ID Protein 532505 Link Image
Enzyme 23 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q14032 Link Image
Enzyme 23 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name BAAT_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 23 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 23 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 23 Gene Sequence >1257 bp
ATGATCCAGTTGACAGCTACCCCTGTGAGTGCACTTGTTGATGAGCCAGTGCATATCCGA
GCTACAGGCCTGATTCCCTTTCAGATGGTGAGTTTTCAGGCATCACTGGAAGATGAAAAC
GGAGACATGTTTTATTCTCAAGCCCACTATAGGGCCAATGAATTCGGTGAGGTGGACCTG
AATCATGCTTCTTCACTTGGAGGGGATTATATGGGAGTCCACCCCATGGGTCTCTTCTGG
TCTCTGAAACCTGAAAAGCTATTAACAAGACTGTTGAAAAGAGATGTGATGAATAGGCCT
TTCCAGGTCCAAGTAAAACTTTATGACTTAGAGTTAATAGTGAACAATAAAGTTGCCAGT
GCTCCAAAGGCCAGCCTGACTTTGGAGAGGTGGTATGTGGCACCTGGTGTCACACGAATT
AAGGTTCGAGAAGGCCGCCTTCGAGGAGCTCTCTTTCTCCCTCCAGGAGAGGGTCTCTTC
CCAGGGGTAATTGATTTGTTTGGTGGTTTGGGTGGGCTGCTTGAATTTCGGGCCAGCCTC
CTAGCCAGTCGTGGCTTCGCCTCCTTGGCCTTGGCTTACCATAACTATGAAGACCTGCCC
CGCAAACCAGAAGTAACAGATTTGGAATATTTTGAGGAGGCTGCCAACTTTCTCCTGAGA
CATCCAAAGGTCTTTGGCTCAGGCGTTGGGGTAGTCTCTGTATGTCAAGGAGTACAGATT
GGACTATCTATGGCTATTTACCTAAAGCAAGTCACAGCCACGGTACTTATTAATGGGACC
AACTTTCCTTTTGGCATTCCACAGGTATATCATGGTCAGATCCATCAGCCCCTTCCCCAT
TCTGCACAATTAATATCCACCAATGCCTTGGGGTTACTAGAGCTCTATCGCACTTTTGAG
ACAACTCAAGTTGGGGCCAGTCAATATTTGTTTCCTATTGAAGAGGCCCAGGGGCAATTC
CTCTTCATTGTAGGAGAAGGTGATAAGACTATCAACAGCAAAGCACACGCTGAACAAGCC
ATAGGACAGCTGAAGAGACATGGGAAGAACAACTGGACCCTGCTATCTTACCCTGGGGCA
GGCCACCTGATAGAACCTCCCTATTCTCCTCTGTGCTGTGCCTCAACGACCCACGATTTG
AGGTTACACTGGGGAGGAGAGGTGATCCCACACGCAGCTGCACAGGAACATGCTTGGAAG
GAGATCCAGAGATTTCTCAGGAAGCACCTCATTCCAGATGTGACCAGTCAACTCTAA
Enzyme 23 GenBank Gene ID L34081 Link Image
Enzyme 23 GeneCard ID BAAT Link Image
Enzyme 23 GenAtlas ID BAAT Link Image
Enzyme 23 HGNC ID HGNC:932 Link Image
Enzyme 23 Chromosome Location 9
Enzyme 23 Locus 9q22.3
Enzyme 23 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 23 General References
  1. Falany CN, Johnson MR, Barnes S, Diasio RB: Glycine and taurine conjugation of bile acids by a single enzyme. Molecular cloning and expression of human liver bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 29;269(30):19375-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Carlton VE, Harris BZ, Puffenberger EG, Batta AK, Knisely AS, Robinson DL, Strauss KA, Shneider BL, Lim WA, Salen G, Morton DH, Bull LN: Complex inheritance of familial hypercholanemia with associated mutations in TJP2 and BAAT. Nat Genet. 2003 May;34(1):91-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 23 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 24 [top]
Enzyme 24 ID 5842
Enzyme 24 Name Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4
Enzyme 24 Synonyms
  1. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4
  2. LACS 4
Enzyme 24 Gene Name ACSL4
Enzyme 24 Protein Sequence >Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4
MKLKLNVLTIILLPVHLLITIYSALIFIPWYFLTNAKKKNAMAKRIKAKPTSDKPGSPYR
SVTHFDSLAVIDIPGADTLDKLFDHAVSKFGKKDSLGTREILSEENEMQPNGKVFKKLIL
GNYKWMNYLEVNRRVNNFGSGLTALGLKPKNTIAIFCETRAEWMIAAQTCFKYNFPLVTL
YATLGKEAVVHGLNESEASYLITSVELLESKLKTALLDISCVKHIIYVDNKAINKAEYPE
GFEIHSMQSVEELGSNPENLGIPPSRPTPSDMAIVMYTSGSTGRPKGVMMHHSNLIAGMT
GQCERIPGLGPKDTYIGYLPLAHVLELTAEISCFTYGCRIGYSSPLTLSDQSSKIKKGSK
GDCTVLKPTLMAAVPEIMDRIYKNVMSKVQEMNYIQKTLFKIGYDYKLEQIKKGYDAPLC
NLLLFKKVKALLGGNVRMMLSGGAPLSPQTHRFMNVCFCCPIGQGYGLTESCGAGTVTEV
TDYTTGRVGAPLICCEIKLKDWQEGGYTINDKPNPRGEIVIGGQNISMGYFKNEEKTAED
YSVDENGQRWFCTGDIGEFHPDGCLQIIDRKKDLVKLQAGEYVSLGKVEAALKNCPLIDN
ICAFAKSDQSYVISFVVPNQKRLTLLAQQKGVEGTWVDICNNPAMEAEILKEIREAANAM
KLERFEIPIKVRLSPEPWTPETGLVTDAFKLKRKELRNHYLKDIERMYGGK
Enzyme 24 Number of Residues 711
Enzyme 24 Molecular Weight 79189
Enzyme 24 Theoretical pI 8.51
Enzyme 24 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 24 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 24 Specific Function Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Preferentially uses arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate as substrates
Enzyme 24 Pathways
Enzyme 24 Reactions
  • ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA
Enzyme 24 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 24 Signals
  • 1-23
Enzyme 24 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 24 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 24 GenBank ID Protein 3158351 Link Image
Enzyme 24 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O60488 Link Image
Enzyme 24 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACSL4_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 24 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 24 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 24 Gene Sequence >2013 bp
ATGGCAAAGAGAATAAAAGCTAAGCCCACTTCAGACAAACCTGGAAGTCCATATCGCTCT
GTCACACACTTCGACTCACTAGCTGTAATAGACATCCCTGGAGCAGATACTCTGGATAAA
TTATTTGACCATGCTGTATCCAAGTTTGGGAAGAAGGACAGCCTTGGGACCAGGGAAATC
CTAAGTGAAGAAAATGAAATGCAGCCAAATGGAAAAGTTTTTAAGAAGTTAATTCTTGGG
AATTATAAATGGATGAACTATCTTGAAGTGAATCGCAGAGTGAATAACTTTGGTAGTGGA
CTCACTGCACTGGGACTAAAACCAAAGAACACCATTGCCATCTTCTGTGAGACCAGGGCC
GAATGGATGATTGCAGCACAGACCTGCTTTAAGTACAACTTTCCTCTTGTGACTTTATAT
GCCACACTTGGCAAAGAAGCAGTAGTTCATGGGCTAAATGAATCTGAGGCTTCCTATCTG
ATTACCAGTGTTGAACTTCTGGAAAGTAAACTTAAGACTGCATTGTTAGATATCAGTTGT
GTTAAACATATCATTTATGTGGACAATAAGGCTATCAATAAAGCAGAGTACCCTGAAGGA
TTTGAGATTCACAGCATGCAATCAGTAGAAGAGTTGGGATCTAACCCAGAAAACTTGGGC
ATTCCTCCAAGTAGACCAACGCCTTCAGACATGGCCATTGTTATGTATACTAGTGGTTCT
ACTGGCCGACCTAAGGGAGTGATGATGCATCATAGCAATTTGATAGCTGGAATGACAGGC
CAGTGTGAAAGAATACCTGGACTGGGACCGAAGGACACATATATTGGCTACTTGCCTTTG
GCTCATGTGCTAGAACTGACAGCAGAGATATCTTGCTTTACCTATGGCTGCAGGATTGGA
TATTCTTCTCCGCTTACACTCTCTGACCAGTCCAGCAAAATTAAAAAAGGAAGCAAAGGA
GACTGTACTGTACTGAAGCCCACACTTATGGCTGCTGTTCCGGAAATCATGGATAGAATT
TATAAGAATGTTATGAGCAAAGTCCAAGAGATGAATTATATTCAGAAAACTCTGTTCAAG
ATAGGGTATGATTACAAATTGGAACAGATCAAAAAGGGATATGATGCACCTCTTTGCAAT
CTGTTACTGTTTAAAAAGGTCAAGGCCCTGCTGGGAGGGAATGTCCGCATGATGCTGTCT
GGAGGGGCCCCGCTATCTCCTCAGACACACCGATTCATGAATGTCTGCTTCTGCTGCCCA
ATTGGCCAGGGTTATGGACTGACAGAATCATGTGGTGCTGGGACAGTTACTGAAGTAACT
GACTATACTACTGGCAGAGTTGGAGCACCTCTTATTTGCTGTGAAATTAAGCTAAAAGAC
TGGCAAGAAGGCGGTTATACAATTAATGACAAGCCAAACCCCAGAGGTGAAATCGTAATT
GGTGGACAGAACATCTCCATGGGATATTTTAAAAATGAAGAGAAAACAGCAGAAGATTAT
TCTGTGGATGAAAATGGACAAAGGTGGTTTTGCACTGGTGATATTGGAGAATTCCATCCC
GATGGATGTTTACAGATTATAGATCGTAAGAAAGATCTAGTGAAGTTACAAGCAGGAGAG
TATGTATCTCTTGGGAAAGTAGAAGCTGCACTGAAGAATTGTCCACTTATTGACAACATC
TGTGCTTTTGCCAAAAGTGATCAGTCCTATGTGATCAGTTTTGTGGTTCCTAACCAGAAA
AGGTTGACACTTTTGGCACAACAGAAAGGGGTAGAAGGAACTTGGGTTGATATCTGCAAT
AATCCTGCTATGGAAGCTGAAATACTGAAAGAAATTCGAGAAGCTGCAAATGCCATGAAA
TTGGAGCGATTTGAAATTCCAATCAAGGTTCGATTAAGCCCAGAGCCATGGACCCCTGAA
ACTGGTTTGGTAACTGATGCTTTCAAACTGAAAAGGAAGGAGCTGAGGAACCATTACCTC
AAAGACATTGAACGAATGTATGGGGGCAAATAA
Enzyme 24 GenBank Gene ID AF030555 Link Image
Enzyme 24 GeneCard ID ACSL4 Link Image
Enzyme 24 GenAtlas ID ACSL4 Link Image
Enzyme 24 HGNC ID HGNC:3571 Link Image
Enzyme 24 Chromosome Location X
Enzyme 24 Locus Xq22.3-q23
Enzyme 24 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 24 General References
  1. Cao Y, Traer E, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM: Cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of human long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 (FACL4). Genomics. 1998 Apr 15;49(2):327-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Piccini M, Vitelli F, Bruttini M, Pober BR, Jonsson JJ, Villanova M, Zollo M, Borsani G, Ballabio A, Renieri A: FACL4, a new gene encoding long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4, is deleted in a family with Alport syndrome, elliptocytosis, and mental retardation. Genomics. 1998 Feb 1;47(3):350-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Meloni I, Muscettola M, Raynaud M, Longo I, Bruttini M, Moizard MP, Gomot M, Chelly J, des Portes V, Fryns JP, Ropers HH, Magi B, Bellan C, Volpi N, Yntema HG, Lewis SE, Schaffer JE, Renieri A: FACL4, encoding fatty acid-CoA ligase 4, is mutated in nonspecific X-linked mental retardation. Nat Genet. 2002 Apr;30(4):436-40. Epub 2002 Mar 11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 24 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 25 [top]
Enzyme 25 ID 5849
Enzyme 25 Name Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1
Enzyme 25 Synonyms
  1. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1
  2. LACS 1
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA ligase 1
  4. Long-chain fatty acid CoA ligase 2
  5. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2
  6. LACS 2
  7. Acyl-CoA synthetase 1
  8. ACS1
  9. Palmitoyl-CoA ligase 2
Enzyme 25 Gene Name ACSL1
Enzyme 25 Protein Sequence >Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1
MQAHELFRYFRMPELVDFRQYVRTLPTNTLMGFGAFAALTTFWYATRPKPLKPPCDLSMQ
SVEVAGSGGARRSALLDSDEPLVYFYDDVTTLYEGFQRGIQVSNNGPCLGSRKPDQPYEW
LSYKQVAELSECIGSALIQKGFKTAPDQFIGIFAQNRPEWVIIEQGCFAYSMVIVPLYDT
LGNEAITYIVNKAELSLVFVDKPEKAKLLLEGVENKLIPGLKIIVVMDAYGSELVERGQR
CGVEVTSMKAMEDLGRANRRKPKPPAPEDLAVICFTSGTTGNPKGAMVTHRNIVSDCSAF
VKATENTVNPCPDDTLISFLPLAHMFERVVECVMLCHGAKIGFFQGDIRLLMDDLKVLQP
TVFPVVPRLLNRMFDRIFGQANTTLKRWLLDFASKRKEAELRSGIIRNNSLWDRLIFHKV
QSSLGGRVRLMVTGAAPVSATVLTFLRAALGCQFYEGYGQTECTAGCCLTMPGDWTAGHV
GAPMPCNLIKLVDVEEMNYMAAEGEGEVCVKGPNVFQGYLKDPAKTAEALDKDGWLHTGD
IGKWLPNGTLKIIDRKKHIFKLAQGEYIAPEKIENIYMRSEPVAQVFVHGESLQAFLIAI
VVPDVETLCSWAQKRGFEGSFEELCRNKDVKKAILEDMVRLGKDSGLKPFEQVKGITLHP
ELFSIDNGLLTPTMKAKRPELRNYFRSQIDDLYSTIKV
Enzyme 25 Number of Residues 698
Enzyme 25 Molecular Weight 77944
Enzyme 25 Theoretical pI 7.16
Enzyme 25 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 25 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 25 Specific Function Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Preferentially uses palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate
Enzyme 25 Pathways
Enzyme 25 Reactions
  • ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA
Enzyme 25 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 25 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 25 Transmembrane Regions
  • 25-45
Enzyme 25 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 25 GenBank ID Protein 219900 Link Image
Enzyme 25 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P33121 Link Image
Enzyme 25 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACSL1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 25 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 25 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 25 Gene Sequence >2097 bp
ATGCAAGCCCATGAGCTGTTCCGGTATTTTCGAATGCCAGAGCTGGTTGACTTCCGACAG
TACGTGCGTACTCTTCCGACCAACACGCTTATGGGCTTCGGAGCTTTTGCAGCACTCACC
ACCTTCTGGTACGCCACGAGACCCAAACCCCTGAAGCCGCCATGCGACCTCTCCATGCAG
TCAGTGGAAGTGGCGGGTAGTGGTGGTGCACGAAGATCCGCACTACTTGACAGCGACGAG
CCCTTGGTGTATTTCTATGATGATGTCACAACATTATACGAAGGTTTCCAGAGGGGAATA
CAGGTGTCAAATAATGGCCCTTGTTTAGGCTCTCGGAAACCAGACCAACCCTATGAATGG
CTTTCATATAAACAGGTTGCAGAATTGTCGGAGTGCATAGGCTCAGCACTGATCCAGAAG
GGCTTCAAGACTGCCCCAGATCAGTTCATTGGCATCTTTGCTCAAAATAGACCTGAGTGG
GTGATTATTGAACAAGGATGCTTTGCTTATTCGATGGTGATCGTTCCACTTTATGATACC
CTTGGAAATGAAGCCATCACGTACATAGTCAACAAAGCTGAACTCTCTCTGGTTTTTGTT
GACAAGCCAGAGAAGGCCAAACTCTTATTAGAGGGTGTAGAAAATAAGTTAATACCAGGC
CTTAAAATCATAGTTGTCATGGATGCCTACGGCAGTGAACTGGTGGAACGAGGCCAGAGG
TGTGGGGTGGAAGTCACCAGCATGAAGGCGATGGAGGACCTGGGAAGAGCCAACAGACGG
AAGCCCAAGCCTCCAGCACCTGAAGATCTTGCAGTAATTTGTTTCACAAGTGGAACTACA
GGCAACCCCAAAGGAGCAATGGTCACTCACCGAAACATAGTGAGCGATTGTTCAGCTTTT
GTGAAAGCAACAGAGAATACAGTCAATCCTTGCCCAGATGATACTTTGATATCTTTCTTG
CCTCTCGCCCATATGTTTGAGAGAGTTGTAGAGTGTGTAATGCTGTGTCATGGAGCTAAA
ATCGGATTTTTCCAAGGAGATATCAGGCTGCTCATGGATGACCTCAAGGTGCTTCAACCC
ACTGTCTTCCCCGTGGTTCCAAGACTGCTGAACCGGATGTTTGACCGAATTTTCGGACAA
GCAAACACCACGCTGAAGCGATGGCTCTTGGACTTTGCCTCCAAGAGGAAAGAAGCAGAG
CTTCGCAGCGGCATCATCAGAAACAACAGCCTGTGGGACCGGCTGATCTTCCACAAAGTA
CAGTCGAGCCTGGGCGGAAGAGTCCGGCTGATGGTGACAGGAGCCGCCCCGGTGTCTGCC
ACTGTGCTGACGTTCCTCAGAGCAGCCCTGGGCTGTCAGTTTTATGAAGGATACGGACAG
ACAGAGTGCACTGCCGGGTGCTGCCTAACCATGCCTGGAGACTGGACCGCAGGCCATGTT
GGGGCCCCGATGCCGTGCAATTTGATAAAACTTGTTGATGTGGAAGAAATGAATTACATG
GCTGCCGAGGGCGAGGGCGAGGTGTGTGTGAAAGGGCCAAATGTATTTCAGGGCTACTTG
AAGGACCCAGCGAAAACAGCAGAAGCTTTGGACAAAGACGGCTGGTTACACACAGGGGAC
ATTGGAAAATGGTTACCAAATGGCACCTTGAAAATTATCGACCGGAAAAAGCACATATTT
AAGCTGGCACAAGGAGAATACATAGCCCCTGAAAAGATTGAAAATATCTACATGCGAAGT
GAGCCTGTTGCTCAGGTGTTTGTCCACGGAGAAAGCCTGCAGGCATTTCTCATTGCAATT
GTGGTACCAGATGTTGAGACATTATGTTCCTGGGCCCAAAAGAGAGGATTTGAAGGGTCG
TTTGAGGAACTGTGCAGAAATAAGGATGTCAAAAAAGCTATCCTCGAAGATATGGTGAGA
CTTGGGAAGGATTCTGGTCTGAAACCATTTGAACAGGTCAAAGGCATCACATTGCACCCT
GAATTATTTTCTATCGACAATGGCCTTCTGACTCCAACAATGAAGGCGAAAAGGCCAGAG
CTGCGGAACTATTTCAGGTCGCAGATAGATGACCTCTATTCCACTATCAAGGTTTAG
Enzyme 25 GenBank Gene ID D10040 Link Image
Enzyme 25 GeneCard ID ACSL1 Link Image
Enzyme 25 GenAtlas ID ACSL1 Link Image
Enzyme 25 HGNC ID HGNC:3569 Link Image
Enzyme 25 Chromosome Location 4
Enzyme 25 Locus 4q34-q35
Enzyme 25 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 25 General References
  1. Abe T, Fujino T, Fukuyama R, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Toh H, Suzuki H, Yamamoto T: Human long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase: structure and chromosomal location. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1992 Jan;111(1):123-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ghosh B, Barbosa E, Singh I: Molecular cloning and sequencing of human palmitoyl-CoA ligase and its tissue specific expression. Mol Cell Biochem. 1995 Oct 4;151(1):77-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Malhotra KT, Malhotra K, Lubin BH, Kuypers FA: Identification and molecular characterization of acyl-CoA synthetase in human erythrocytes and erythroid precursors. Biochem J. 1999 Nov 15;344 Pt 1:135-43. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 25 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 26 [top]
Enzyme 26 ID 5894
Enzyme 26 Name Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 6
Enzyme 26 Synonyms
  1. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 6
  2. LACS 6
Enzyme 26 Gene Name ACSL6
Enzyme 26 Protein Sequence >Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 6
MQTQEILRILRLPELGDLGQFFRSLSATTLVSMGALAAILAYWFTHRPKALQPPCNLLMQ
SEEVEDSGGARRSVIGSGPQLLTHYYDDARTMYQVFRRGLSISGNGPCLGFRKPKQPYQW
LSYQEVADRAEFLGSGLLQHNCKACTDQFIGVFAQNRPEWIIVELACYTYSMVVVPLYDT
LGPGAIRYIINTADISTVIVDKPQKAVLLLEHVERKETPGLKLIILMDPFEEALKERGQK
CGVVIKSMQAVEDCGQENHQAPVPPQPDDLSIVCFTSGTTGNPKGAMLTHGNVVADFSGF
LKVTEKVIFPRQDDVLISFLPLAHMFERVIQSVVYCHGGRVGFFQGDIRLLSDDMKALCP
TIFPVVPRLLNRMYDKIFSQANTPLKRWLLEFAAKRKQAEVRSGIIRNDSIWDELFFNKI
QASLGGCVRMIVTGAAPASPTVLGFLRAALGCQVYEGYGQTECTAGCTFTTPGDWTSGHV
GAPLPCNHIKLVDVEELNYWACKGEGEICVRGPNVFKGYLKDPDRTKEALDSDGWLHTGD
IGKWLPAGTLKIIDRKKHIFKLAQGEYVAPEKIENIYIRSQPVAQIYVHGDSLKAFLVGI
VVPDPEVMPSWAQKRGIEGTYADLCTNKDLKKAILEDMVRLGKESGLHSFEQVKAIHIHS
DMFSVQNGLLTPTLKAKRPELREYFKKQIEELYSISM
Enzyme 26 Number of Residues 697
Enzyme 26 Molecular Weight 77753
Enzyme 26 Theoretical pI 7.46
Enzyme 26 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 26 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 26 Specific Function Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Plays an important role in fatty acid metabolism in brain and the acyl-CoAs produced may be utilized exclusively for the synthesis of the brain lipid
Enzyme 26 Pathways
Enzyme 26 Reactions
  • ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA
Enzyme 26 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 26 Signals
  • 1-37
Enzyme 26 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 26 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 26 GenBank ID Protein 5702202 Link Image
Enzyme 26 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9UKU0 Link Image
Enzyme 26 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACSL6_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 26 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 26 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 26 Gene Sequence >2094 bp
ATGCAGACACAGGAGATCCTGAGGATACTGCGACTGCCTGAGCTAGGTGACTTGGAACAG
TTTTTCCGCAGCCTCTCGGCCACCACCCTCGTGAGTATGGGTGCCCTGGCTGCCATCCTT
GCCTACTGGTTCACTCAGCGGCCAAAGGCCTTGCAGCCGCCATGCAACCTCCTGATGCAG
TCAGAAGAAGTAGAGGACAGTGGCGGGGCACGGCGATCTGTGATTGGGTCTGGCCCTCAG
CTACTTACCCACTACTATGATGATGCCCGGACCATGTACCAGGTGTTCCGCCGTGGGCTT
AGCATCTCAGGGAATGGGCCCTGTCTTGGTTTCAGGAAGCCTAAGCAGCCTTACCAGTGG
CTGTCCTACCAGGAGGTGGCCGACAGGGCTGAATTTCTGGGGTCCGGACTTCTCCAGCAC
AATTGTAAAGCATGCACTGATCAGTTTATTGGTGTTTTTGCACAAAATCGGCCAGAGTGG
ATCATTGTGGAGCTGGCCTGCTACACATATTCCATGGTGGTGGTCCCGCTCTATGACACC
CTGGGCCCTGGGGCTATCCGCTACATCATCAATACAGCGGACATCAGCACCGTGATTGTG
GACAAACCTCAGAAGGCTGTGCTTCTGCTAGAGCATGTGGAGAGGAAGGAGACTCCAGGC
CTCAAGCTGATCATCCTCATGGACCCATTCGAAGAAGCCCTGAAAGAGAGAGGGCAGAAG
TGCGGGGTGGTCATTAAGTCCATGCAGGCCGTGGAGGACTGTGGCCAAGAGAATCACCAG
GCTCCTGTGCCCCCGCAGCCTGATGACCTCTCCATTGTGTGTTTCACAAGCGGCACGACA
GGGAACCCAAAAGGTGCGATGCTCACCCATGGGAACGTGGTGGCTGATTTCTCAGGCTTT
CTGAAAGTGACAGAGAGTCAGTGGGCTCCCACTTGTGCGGATGTGCACATTTCCTATTTG
CCTTTAGCACACATGTTTGAGCGAATGGTGCAGTCTGTCGTCTATTGCCACGGAGGGCGT
GTTGGCTTCTTCCAGGGAGATATCCGCCTTCTCTCAGATGACATGAAGGCTCTATGCCCC
ACCATCTTCCCTGTGGTCCCACGACTGCTGAACCGGATGTACGACAAGATCTTCAGCCAG
GCAAACACACCATTAAAGCGCTGGCTCCTGGAGTTTGCAGCAAAGCGTAAGCAAGCCGAG
GTCCGGAGTGGAATCATCAGGAATGATAGTATCTGGGATGAACTCTTCTTTAATAAGATT
CAGGCCAGTCTTGGTGGGTGTGTGCGGATGATTGTTACTGGAGCAGCCCCAGCATCACCA
ACAGTTCTGGGATTTCTCCGGGCAGCTCTAGGGTGCCAGGTTTATGAAGGTTATGGCCAA
ACTGAGTGCACAGCTGGATGTACCTTCACCACTCCTGGCGACTGGACCTCAGGGCACGTA
GGGGCGCCACTTCCCTGCAATCATATCAAGCTCGTTGATGTTGAGGAACTGAACTACTGG
GCCTGCAAAGGAGAGGGAGAGATATGTGTGAGAGGACCAAATGTGTTCAAAGGCTACTTG
AAAGATCCAGACAGGACGAAGGAGGCCCTGGACAGCGATGGCTGGCTTCACACTGGAGAC
ATCGGAAAATGGCTGCCGGCAGGAACTCTTAAAATTATTGATCGGAAAAAGCATATATTT
AAACTTGCTCAGGGAGAATATGTTGCACCCGAGAAGATTGAGAACATCTACATCCGGAGC
CAACCTGTGGCGCAAATCTATGTCCATGGGGACAGCTTAAAGGCCTTTTTGGTAGGCATT
GTTGTGCCTGACCCTGAAGTTATGCCCTCCTGGGCCCAGAAGAGAGGAATTGAAGGAACA
TATGCAGATCTCTGCACAAATAAGGATCTGAAGAAAGCCATTTTGGAAGATATGGTGAGG
TTAGGAAAAGAAAGTGGACTCCATTCTTTTGAGCAGGTTAAAGCCATTCACATCCATTCT
GACATGTTCTCAGTTCAAAATGGCTTGCTGACCCCAACACTAAAAGCTAAGAGACCTGAG
CTGAGAGAGTACTTCAAAAAACAAATAGAAGAGCTTTACTCAATCCCCATGTGA
Enzyme 26 GenBank Gene ID AF129166 Link Image
Enzyme 26 GeneCard ID ACSL6 Link Image
Enzyme 26 GenAtlas ID ACSL6 Link Image
Enzyme 26 HGNC ID HGNC:16496 Link Image
Enzyme 26 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 26 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 26 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 26 General References
  1. Malhotra KT, Malhotra K, Lubin BH, Kuypers FA: Identification and molecular characterization of acyl-CoA synthetase in human erythrocytes and erythroid precursors. Biochem J. 1999 Nov 15;344 Pt 1:135-43. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Yagasaki F, Jinnai I, Yoshida S, Yokoyama Y, Matsuda A, Kusumoto S, Kobayashi H, Terasaki H, Ohyashiki K, Asou N, Murohashi I, Bessho M, Hirashima K: Fusion of TEL/ETV6 to a novel ACS2 in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia with t(5;12)(q31;p13). Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1999 Nov;26(3):192-202. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Hirosawa M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1998 Dec 31;5(6):355-64. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 26 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 27 [top]
Enzyme 27 ID 5916
Enzyme 27 Name Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 5
Enzyme 27 Synonyms
  1. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 5
  2. LACS 5
Enzyme 27 Gene Name ACSL5
Enzyme 27 Protein Sequence >Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 5
MLFIFNFLFSPLPTPALICILTFGAAIFLWLITRPQPVLPLLDLNNQSVGIEGGARKGVS
QKNNDLTSCCFSDAKTMYEVFQRGLAVSDNGPCLGYRKPNQPYRWLSYKQVSDRAEYLGS
CLLHKGYKSSPDQFVGIFAQNRPEWIISELACYTYSMVAVPLYDTLGPEAIVHIVNKADI
AMVICDTPQKALVLIGNVEKGFTPSLKVIILMDPFDDDLKQRGEKSGIEILSLYDAENLG
KEHFRKPVPPSPEDLSVICFTSGTTGDPKGAMITHQNIVSNAAAFLKCVEHAYEPTPDDV
AISYLPLAHMFERIVQAVVYSCGARVGFFQGDIRLLADDMKTLKPTLFPAVPRLLNRIYD
KVQNEAKTPLKKFLLKLAVSSKFKELQKGIIRHDSFWDKLIFAKIQDSLGGRVRVIVTGA
APMSTSVMTFFRAAMGCQVYEAYGQTECTGGCTFTLPGDWTSGHVGVPLACNYVKLEDVA
DMNYFTVNNEGEVCIKGTNVFKGYLKDPEKTQEALDSDGWLHTGDIGRWLPNGTLKIIDR
KKNIFKLAQGEYIAPEKIENIYNRSQPVLQIFVHGESLRSSLVGVVVPDTDVLPSFAAKL
GVKGSFEELCQNQVVREAILEDLQKIGKESGLKTFEQVKAIFLHPEPFSIENGLLTPTLK
AKRGELSKYFRTQIDSLYEHIQD
Enzyme 27 Number of Residues 683
Enzyme 27 Molecular Weight 75992
Enzyme 27 Theoretical pI 6.91
Enzyme 27 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 27 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 27 Specific Function Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Utilizes a wide range of saturated fatty acids with a preference for C16-C18 unsaturated fatty acids
Enzyme 27 Pathways
Enzyme 27 Reactions
  • ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA
Enzyme 27 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 27 Signals
  • 1-35
Enzyme 27 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 27 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 27 GenBank ID Protein 6174680 Link Image
Enzyme 27 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9ULC5 Link Image
Enzyme 27 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACSL5_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 27 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 27 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 27 Gene Sequence >2052 bp
ATGCTTTTTATCTTTAACTTTTTGTTTTCCCCACTTCCGACCCCGGCGTTGATCTGCATC
CTGACATTTGGAGCTGCCATCTTCTTGTGGCTGATCACCAGACCTCAACCCGTCTTACCT
CTTCTTGACCTGAACAATCAGTCTGTGGGAATTGAGGGAGGAGCACGGAAGGGGGTTTCC
CAGAAGAACAATGACCTAACAAGTTGCTGCTTCTCAGATGCCAAGACTATGTATGAGGTT
TTCCAAAGAGGACTCGCTGTGTCTGACAATGGGCCCTGCTTGGGATATAGAAAACCAAAC
CAGCCCTACAGATGGCTATCTTACAAACAGGTGTCTGATAGAGCAGAGTACCTGGGTTCC
TGTCTCTTGCATAAAGGTTATAAATCATCACCAGACCAGTTTGTCGGCATCTTTGCTCAG
AATAGGCCAGAGTGGATCATCTCCGAATTGGCTTGTTACACGTACTCTATGGTAGCTGTA
CCTCTGTATGACACCTTGGGACCAGAAGCCATCGTACATATTGTCAACAAGGCTGATATC
GCCATGGTGATCTGTGACACACCCCAAAAGGCATTGGTGCTGATAGGGAATGTAGAGAAA
GGCTTCACCCCGAGCCTGAAGGTGATCATCCTTATGGACCCCTTTGATGATGACCTGAAG
CAAAGAGGGGAGAAGAGTGGAATTGAGATCTTATCCCTATATGATGCTGAGAACCTAGGC
AAAGAGCACTTCAGAAAACCTGTGCCTCCTAGCCCAGAAGACCTGAGCGTCATCTGCTTC
ACCAGTGGGACCACAGGTGACCCCAAAGGAGCCATGATAACCCATCAAAATATTGTTTCA
AATGCTGCTGCCTTTCTCAAATGTGTGGAGCATGCTTATGAGCCCACTCCTGATGATGTG
GCCATATCCTACCTCCCTCTGGCTCATATGTTTGAGAGGATTGTACAGGCTGTTGTGTAC
AGCTGTGGAGCCAGAGTTGGATTCTTCCAAGGGGATATTCGGTTGCTGGCTGACGACATG
AAGACTTTGAAGCCCACATTGTTTCCCGCGGTGCCTCGACTCCTTAACAGGATCTACGAT
AAGGTACAAAATGAGGCCAAGACACCCTTGAAGAAGTTCTTGTTGAAGCTGGCTGTTTCC
AGTAAATTCAAAGAGCTTCAAAAGGGTATCATCAGGCATGATAGTTTCTGGGACAAGCTC
ATCTTTGCAAAGATCCAGGACAGCCTGGGCGGAAGGGTTCGTGTAATTGTCACTGGAGCT
GCCCCCATGTCCACTTCAGTCATGACATTCTTCCGGGCAGCAATGGGATGTCAGGTGTAT
GAAGCTTATGGTCAAACAGAATGCACAGGTGGCTGTACATTTACATTACCTGGGGACTGG
ACATCAGGTCACGTTGGGGTGCCCCTGGCTTGCAATTACGTGAAGCTGGAAGATGTGGCT
GACATGAACTACTTTACAGTGAATAATGAAGGAGAGGTCTGCATCAAGGGTACAAACGTG
TTCAAAGGATACCTGAAGGACCCTGAGAAGACACAGGAAGCCCTGGACAGTGATGGCTGG
CTTCACACAGGAGACATTGGTCGCTGGCTCCCGAATGGAACTCTGAAGATCATCGACCGT
AAAAAGAACATTTTCAAGCTGGCCCAAGGAGAATACATTGCACCAGAGAAGATAGAAAAT
ATCTACAACAGGAGTCAACCAGTGTTACAAATTTTTGTACACGGGGAGAGCTTACGGTCA
TCCTTAGTAGGAGTGGTGGTTCCTGACACAGATGTACTTCCCTCATTTGCAGCCAAGCTT
GGGGTGAAGGGCTCCTTTGAGGAACTGTGCCAAAACCAAGTTGTAAGGGAAGCCATTTTA
GAAGACTTGCAGAAAATTGGGAAAGAAAGTGGCCTTAAAACTTTTGAACAGGTCAAAGCC
ATTTTTCTTCATCCAGAGCCATTTTCCATTGAAAATGGGCTCTTGACACCAACATTGAAA
GCAAAGCGAGGAGAGCTTTCCAAATACTTTCGGACCCAAATTGACAGCCTGTATGAGCAC
ATCCAGGATTAG
Enzyme 27 GenBank Gene ID AB033899 Link Image
Enzyme 27 GeneCard ID ACSL5 Link Image
Enzyme 27 GenAtlas ID ACSL5 Link Image
Enzyme 27 HGNC ID HGNC:16526 Link Image
Enzyme 27 Chromosome Location 10
Enzyme 27 Locus 10q25.1-q25.2
Enzyme 27 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 27 General References
  1. Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2265-70. Epub 2003 Sep 15. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 27 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 28 [top]
Enzyme 28 ID 5919
Enzyme 28 Name Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 3
Enzyme 28 Synonyms
  1. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3
  2. LACS 3
Enzyme 28 Gene Name ACSL3
Enzyme 28 Protein Sequence >Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 3
MNNHVSSKPSTMKLKHTINPILLYFIHFLISLYTILTYIPFYFFSESRQEKSNRIKAKPV
NSKPDSAYRSVNSLDGLASVLYPGCDTLDKVFTYAKNKFKNKRLLGTREVLNEEDEVQPN
GKIFKKVILGQYNWLSYEDVFVRAFNFGNGLQMLGQKPKTNIAIFCETRAEWMIAAQACF
MYNFQLVTLYATLGGPAIVHALNETEVTNIITSKELLQTKLKDIVSLVPRLRHIITVDGK
PPTWSEFPKGIIVHTMAAVEALGAKASMENQPHSKPLPSDIAVIMYTSGSTGLPKGVMIS
HSNIIAGITGMAERIPELGEEDVYIGYLPLAHVLELSAELVCLSHGCRIGYSSPQTLADQ
SSKIKKGSKGDTSMLKPTLMAAVPEIMDRIYKNVMNKVSEMSSFQRNLFILAYNYKMEQI
SKGRNTPLCDSFVFRKVRSLLGGNIRLLLCGGAPLSATTQRFMNICFCCPVGQGYGLTES
AGAGTISEVWDYNTGRVGAPLVCCEIKLKNWEEGGYFNTDKPHPRGEILIGGQSVTMGYY
KNEAKTKADFFEDENGQRWLCTGDIGEFEPDGCLKIIDRKKDLVKLQAGEYVSLGKVEAA
LKNLPLVDNICAYANSYHSYVIGFVVPNQKELTELARKKGLKGTWEELCNSCEMENEVLK
VLSEAAISASLEKFEIPVKIRLSPEPWTPETGLVTDAFKLKRKELKTHYQADIERMYGRK
Enzyme 28 Number of Residues 720
Enzyme 28 Molecular Weight 80421
Enzyme 28 Theoretical pI 8.51
Enzyme 28 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 28 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 28 Specific Function Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Preferentially uses myristate, laurate, arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate as substrates
Enzyme 28 Pathways
Enzyme 28 Reactions
  • ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA
Enzyme 28 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 28 Signals
  • 1-31
Enzyme 28 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 28 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 28 GenBank ID Protein 4165018 Link Image
Enzyme 28 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O95573 Link Image
Enzyme 28 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACSL3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 28 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 28 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 28 Gene Sequence >2163 bp
ATGAATAACCACGTGTCTTCAAAACCATCTACCATGAAGCTAAAACATACCATCAACCCT
ATTCTTTTATATTTTATACATTTTCTAATATCACTTTATACTATTTTAACATACATTCCG
TTTTATTTTTTCTCCGAGTCAAGACAAGAAAAATCAAACCGAATTAAAGCAAAGCCTGTA
AATTCAAAACCTGATTCTGCATACAGATCTGTTAATAGTTTGGATGGTTTGGCTTCAGTA
TTATACCCTGGATGTGATACTTTAGATAAAGTTTTTACATATGCAAAAAACAAATTTAAG
AACAAAAGACTCTTGGGAACACGTGAAGTTTTAAATGAGGAAGATGAAGTACAACCAAAT
GGAAAAATTTTTAAAAAGGTTATTCTTGGACAGTATAATTGGCTTTCCTATGAAGATGTC
TTTGTTCGAGCCTTTAATTTTGGAAATGGATTACAGATGTTGGGTCAGAAACCAAAGACC
AACATCGCCATCTTCTGTGAGACCAGGGCCGAGTGGATGATAGCTGCACAGGCGTGTTTT
ATGTATAATTTTCAGCTTGTTACATTATATGCCACTCTAGGAGGTCCAGCCATTGTTCAT
GCATTAAATGAAACAGAGGTGACCAACATCATTACTAGTAAAGAACTCTTACAAACAAAG
TTGAAGGATATAGTTTCTTTGGTCCCACGCCTGCGGCACATCATCACTGTTGATGGAAAG
CCACCGACCTGGTCCGACTTCCCCAAGGGCATCATTGTGCATACCATGGCTGCAGTGGAG
GCCCTGGGAGCCAAGGCCAGCATGGAAAACCAACCTCATAGCAAACCATTGCCCTCAGAT
ATTGCAGTAATCATGTACACAAGTGGATCCACAGGACTTCCAAAGGGAGTCATGATCTCA
CATAGTAACATTATTGCTGGTATAACTGGGATGGCAGAAAGGATTCCAGAACTAGGAGAG
GAAGATGTCTACATTGGATATTTGCCTCTGGCCCATGTTCTAGAATTAAGTGCTGAGCTT
GTCTGTCTTTCTCACGGATGCCGCATTGGTTACTCTTCACCACAGACTTTAGCAGATCAG
TCTTCAAAAATTAAAAAAGGAAGCAAAGGGGATACATCCATGTTGAAACCAACACTGATG
GCAGCAGTTCCGGAAATCATGGATCGGATCTACAAAAATGTCATGAATAAAGTCAGTGAA
ATGAGTAGTTTTCAACGTAATCTGTTTATTCTGGCCTATAATTACAAAATGGAACAGATT
TCAAAAGGACGTAATACTCCACTGTGCGACAGCTTTGTTTTCCGGAAAGTTCGAAGCTTG
CTAGGGGGAAATATTCGTCTCCTGTTGTGTGGTGGCGCTCCACTTTCTGCAACCACGCAG
CGATTCATGAACATCTGTTTCTGCTGTCCTGTTGGTCAGGGATACGGGCTCACTGAATCT
GCTGGGGCTGGAACAATTTCCGAAGTGTGGGACTACAATACTGGCAGAGTGGGAGCACCA
TTAGTTTGCTGTGAAATCAAATTAAAAAACTGGGAGGAAGGTGGATACTTTAATACTGAT
AAGCCACACCCCAGGGGTGAAATTCTTATTGGGGGCCAAAGTGTGACAATGGGGTACTAC
AAAAATGAAGCAAAAACAAAAGCTGATTTCTCTGAAGATGAAAATGGACAAAGGTGGCTC
TGTACTGGGGATATTGGAGAGTTTGAACCCGATGGATGCTTAAAGATTATTGATCGTAAA
AAGGACCTTGTAAAACTACAGGCAGGGGAATATGTTTCTCTTGGGAAAGTAGAGGCAGCT
TTGAAGAATCTTCCACTAGTAGATAACATTTGTGCATATGCAAACAGTTATCATTCTTAT
GTCATTGGATTTGTTGTGCCAAATCAAAAGGAACTAACTGAACTAGCTCGAAAGAAAGGA
CTTAAAGGGACTTGGGAGGAGCTGTGTAACAGTTGTGAAATGGAAAATGAGGTACTTAAA
GTGCTTTCCGAAGCTGCTATTTCAGCAAGTCTGGAAAAGTTTGAAATTCCAGTAAAAATT
CGTTTGAGTCCTGAACCGTGGACCCCTGAAACTGGTCTGGTGACAGATGCCTTCAAGCTG
AAACGCAAAGAGCTTAAAACACATTACCAGGCGGACATTGAGCGAATGTATGGAAGAAAA
TAA
Enzyme 28 GenBank Gene ID D89053 Link Image
Enzyme 28 GeneCard ID ACSL3 Link Image
Enzyme 28 GenAtlas ID ACSL3 Link Image
Enzyme 28 HGNC ID HGNC:3570 Link Image
Enzyme 28 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 28 Locus 2q34-q35
Enzyme 28 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 28 General References
  1. Minekura H, Fujino T, Kang MJ, Fujita T, Endo Y, Yamamoto TT: Human acyl-coenzyme A synthetase 3 cDNA and localization of its gene (ACS3) to chromosome band 2q34-q35. Genomics. 1997 May 15;42(1):180-1. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Minekura H, Kang MJ, Inagaki Y, Suzuki H, Sato H, Fujino T, Yamamoto TT: Genomic organization and transcription units of the human acyl-CoA synthetase 3 gene. Gene. 2001 Oct 31;278(1-2):185-92. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 28 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 29 [top]
Enzyme 29 ID 6119
Enzyme 29 Name Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 29 Synonyms
  1. GPAT
Enzyme 29 Gene Name GPAM
Enzyme 29 Protein Sequence >Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial precursor
MDESALTLGTIDVSYLPHSSEYSVGRCKHTSEEWGECGFRPTIFRSATLKWKESLMSRKR
PFVGRCCYSCTPQSWDKFFNPSIPSLGLRNVIYINETHTRHRGWLARRLSYVLFIQERDV
HKGMFATNVTENVLNSSRVQEAIAEVAAELNPDGSAQQQSKAVNKVKKKAKRILQEMVAT
VSPAMIRLTGWVLLKLFNSFFWNIQIHKGQLEMVKAATETNLPLLFLPVHRSHIDYLLLT
FILFCHNIKAPYIASGNNLNIPIFSTLIHKLGGFFIRRRLDETPDGRKDVLYRALLHGHI
VELLRQQQFLEIFLEGTRSRSGKTSCARAGLLSVVVDTLSTNVIPDILIIPVGISYDRII
EGHYNGEQLGKPKKNESLWSVARGVIRMLRKNYGCVRVDFAQPFSLKEYLESQSQKPVSA
LLSLEQALLPAILPSRPSDAADEGRDTSINESRNATDESLRRRLIANLAEHILFTASKSC
AIMSTHIVACLLLYRHRQGIDLSTLVEDFFVMKEEVLARDFDLGFSGNSEDVVMHAIQLL
GNCVTITHTSRNDEFFITPSTTVPSVFELNFYSNGVLHVFIMEAIIACSLYAVLNKRGLG
GPTSTPPNLISQEQLVRKAASLCYLLSNEGTISLPCQTFYQVCHETVGKFIQYGILTVAE
HDDQEDISPSLAEQQWDKKLPEPLSWRSDEEDEDSDFGEEQRDCYLKVSQSKEHQQFITF
LQRLLGPLLEAYSSAAIFVHNFSGPVPEPEYLQKLHKYLITRTERNVAVYAESATYCLVK
NAVKMFKDIGVFKETKQKRVSVLELSSTFLPQCNRQKLLEYILSFVVL
Enzyme 29 Number of Residues 828
Enzyme 29 Molecular Weight 93796
Enzyme 29 Theoretical pI 7.78
Enzyme 29 GO Classification
Function
  • O-acyltransferase activity
  • acyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups
Process
  • cellular lipid metabolism
  • lipid metabolism
  • membrane lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • phospholipid biosynthesis
  • phospholipid metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
Component
  • cell
  • membrane
Enzyme 29 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 29 Specific Function Acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1- acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Enzyme 29 Pathways
Enzyme 29 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Enzyme 29 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 29 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 29 Transmembrane Regions
  • 472-494 575-593
Enzyme 29 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 29 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 29 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9HCL2 Link Image
Enzyme 29 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PLSB_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 29 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 29 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 29 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 29 GenBank Gene ID AL391986 Link Image
Enzyme 29 GeneCard ID GPAM Link Image
Enzyme 29 GenAtlas ID GPAM Link Image
Enzyme 29 HGNC ID HGNC:24865 Link Image
Enzyme 29 Chromosome Location 10
Enzyme 29 Locus 10q25.2
Enzyme 29 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 29 General References
  1. Nagase T, Kikuno R, Nakayama M, Hirosawa M, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVIII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 2000 Aug 31;7(4):273-81. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 29 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 30 [top]
Enzyme 30 ID 6170
Enzyme 30 Name Serine palmitoyltransferase 2
Enzyme 30 Synonyms
  1. Long chain base biosynthesis protein 2
  2. LCB 2
  3. Serine-palmitoyl-CoA transferase 2
  4. SPT 2
Enzyme 30 Gene Name SPTLC2
Enzyme 30 Protein Sequence >Serine palmitoyltransferase 2
MRPEPGGCCCRRTVRANGCVANGEVRNGYVRSSAAAAAAAAAGQIHHVTQNGGLYKRPFN
EAFEETPMLVAVLTYVGYGVLTLFGYLRDFLRYWRIEKCHHATEREEQKDFVSLYQDFEN
FYTRNLYMRIRDNWNRPICSVPGARVDIMERQSHDYNWSFKYTGNIIKGVINMGSYNYLG
FARNTGSCQEAAAKVLEEYGAGVCSTRQEIGNLDKHEELEELVARFLGVEAAMAYGMGFA
TNSMNIPALVGKGCLILSDELNHASLVLGARLSGATIRIFKHNNMQSLEKLLKDAIVYGQ
PRTRRPWKKILILVEGIYSMEGSIVRLPEVIALKKKYKAYLYLDEAHSIGALGPTGRGVV
EYFGLDPEDVDVMMGTFTKSFGASGGYIGGKKELIDYLRTHSHSAVYATSLSPPVVEQII
TSMKCIMGQDGTSLGKECVQQLAENTRYFRRRLKEMGFIIYGNEDSPVVPLMLYMPAKIG
AFGREMLKRNIGVVVVGFPATPIIESRARFCLSAAHTKEILDTALKEIDEVGDLLQLKYS
RHRLVPLLDRPFDETTYEETED
Enzyme 30 Number of Residues 562
Enzyme 30 Molecular Weight 62925
Enzyme 30 Theoretical pI 7.85
Enzyme 30 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Process
  • biosynthesis
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 30 General Function Coenzyme transport and metabolism
Enzyme 30 Specific Function Palmitoyl-CoA + L-serine = CoA + 3-dehydro-D- sphinganine + CO(2)
Enzyme 30 Pathways
Enzyme 30 Reactions
  • palmitoyl-CoA + L-serine = CoA + 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine + CO2
Enzyme 30 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 30 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 30 Transmembrane Regions
  • 67-87
Enzyme 30 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 30 GenBank ID Protein 2564249 Link Image
Enzyme 30 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O15270 Link Image
Enzyme 30 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name LCB2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 30 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 30 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 30 Gene Sequence >1689 bp
ATGCGGCCGGAGCCCGGAGGCTGCTGCTGCCGCCGCACGGTGCGGGCGAATGGCTGCGTG
GCGAACGGGGAAGTACGGAACGGGTACGTGAGGAGCAGCGCTGCAGCCGCAGCCGCAGCC
GCCGCCGGCCAGATCCATCATGTTACACAAAATGGAGGACTATATAAAAGACCGTTTAAT
GAAGCTTTTGAAGAAACACCAATGCTGGTTGCTGTGCTCACGTATGTGGGGTATGGCGTA
CTCACCCTCTTTGGATATCTTCGAGATTTCTTGAGGTATTGGAGAATTGAAAAGTGTCAC
CATGCAACAGAAAGAGAAGAACAAAAGGACTTTGTGTCATTGTATCAAGATTTTGAAAAC
TTTTATACAAGGAATCTGTACATGAGGATAAGAGACAACTGGAATCGGCCAATCTGTAGT
GTGCCTGGAGCCAGGGTGGACATCATGGAGAGACAGTCTCATGATTATAACTGGTCCTTC
AAGTATACAGGGAATATAATAAAGGGTGTTATAAACATGGGTTCCTACAACTATCTTGGA
TTTGCACGGAATACTGGATCATGTCAAGAAGCAGCCGCCAAAGTCCTTGAGGAGTATGGA
GCTGGAGTGTGCAGTACTCGGCAGGAAATTGGAAACCTGGACAAGCATGAAGAACTAGAG
GAGCTTGTAGCAAGGTTCTTAGGAGTAGAAGCTGCTATGGCGTATGGCATGGGATTTGCA
ACGAATTCAATGAACATTCCTGCTCTTGTTGGCAAAGGTTGCCTGATTCTGAGTGATGAA
CTGAACCATGCATCACTGGTTCTGGGAGCCAGACTGTCAGGAGCAACCATTAGAATCTTC
AAACACAACAATATGCAAAGCCTAGAGAAGCTATTGAAAGATGCCATTGTTTATGGTCAG
CCTCGGACACGAAGGCCCTGGAAGAAAATTCTCATCCTTGTGGAAGGAATATATAGCATG
GAGGGATCTATTGTTCGTCTTCCTGAAGTGATTGCCCTCAAGAAGAAATACAAGGCATAC
TTGTATCTGGATGAGGCTCACAGCATTGGCGCCCTGGGCCCCACAGGCCGGGGTGTGGTG
GAGTACTTTGGCCTGGATCCCGAGGATGTGGATGTTATGATGGGAACGTTCACAAAGAGT
TTTGGTGCTTCTGGAGGATATATTGGAGGCAAGAAGGAGCTGATAGACTACCTGCGAACA
CATTCTCATAGTGCAGTGTATGCCACGTCATTGTCACCTCCTGTAGTGGAGCAGATCATC
ACCTCCATGAAGTGCATCATGGGGCAGGATGGCACCAGCCTTGGTAAAGAGTGTGTACAA
CAGTTAGCTGAAAACACCAGGTATTTCAGGAGACGCCTGAAAGAGATGGGCTTCATCATC
TATGGAAATGAAGACTCTCCAGTAGTGCCTTTGATGCTCTACATGCCTGCCAAAATTGGC
GCCTTTGGACGGGAGATGCTGAAGCGGAACATCGGTGTCGTTGTGGTTGGATTTCCTGCC
ACCCCAATTATTGAGTCCAGAGCCAGGTTTTGCCTGTCAGCAGCTCATACCAAAGAAATA
CTTGATACTGCTTTAAAGGAGATAGATGAAGTTGGGGACCTATTGCAGCTGAAGTATTCC
CGTCATCGGTTGGTACCTCTACTGGACAGGCCCTTTGACGAGACGACGTATGAAGAAACA
GAAGACTGA
Enzyme 30 GenBank Gene ID Y08686 Link Image
Enzyme 30 GeneCard ID SPTLC2 Link Image
Enzyme 30 GenAtlas ID SPTLC2 Link Image
Enzyme 30 HGNC ID HGNC:11278 Link Image
Enzyme 30 Chromosome Location 14
Enzyme 30 Locus 14q24.3-q31
Enzyme 30 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 30 General References
  1. Weiss B, Stoffel W: Human and murine serine-palmitoyl-CoA transferase--cloning, expression and characterization of the key enzyme in sphingolipid synthesis. Eur J Biochem. 1997 Oct 1;249(1):239-47. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1998 Feb 28;5(1):31-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Heilig R, Eckenberg R, Petit JL, Fonknechten N, Da Silva C, Cattolico L, Levy M, Barbe V, de Berardinis V, Ureta-Vidal A, Pelletier E, Vico V, Anthouard V, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Sun H, Du H, Pepin K, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Cruaud C, Bruls T, Jaillon O, Friedlander L, Samson G, Brottier P, Cure S, Segurens B, Aniere F, Samain S, Crespeau H, Abbasi N, Aiach N, Boscus D, Dickhoff R, Dors M, Dubois I, Friedman C, Gouyvenoux M, James R, Madan A, Mairey-Estrada B, Mangenot S, Martins N, Menard M, Oztas S, Ratcliffe A, Shaffer T, Trask B, Vacherie B, Bellemere C, Belser C, Besnard-Gonnet M, Bartol-Mavel D, Boutard M, Briez-Silla S, Combette S, Dufosse-Laurent V, Ferron C, Lechaplais C, Louesse C, Muselet D, Magdelenat G, Pateau E, Petit E, Sirvain-Trukniewicz P, Trybou A, Vega-Czarny N, Bataille E, Bluet E, Bordelais I, Dubois M, Dumont C, Guerin T, Haffray S, Hammadi R, Muanga J, Pellouin V, Robert D, Wunderle E, Gauguet G, Roy A, Sainte-Marthe L, Verdier J, Verdier-Discala C, Hillier L, Fulton L, McPherson J, Matsuda F, Wilson R, Scarpelli C, Gyapay G, Wincker P, Saurin W, Quetier F, Waterston R, Hood L, Weissenbach J: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):601-7. Epub 2003 Jan 1. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Nagiec MM, Lester RL, Dickson RC: Sphingolipid synthesis: identification and characterization of mammalian cDNAs encoding the Lcb2 subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase. Gene. 1996 Oct 24;177(1-2):237-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Takeda J, Yano H, Eng S, Zeng Y, Bell GI: A molecular inventory of human pancreatic islets: sequence analysis of 1000 cDNA clones. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Nov;2(11):1793-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 30 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 31 [top]
Enzyme 31 ID 6298
Enzyme 31 Name Trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 31 Synonyms
  1. HsNrbf-1
  2. NRBF-1
Enzyme 31 Gene Name MECR
Enzyme 31 Protein Sequence >Trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase, mitochondrial precursor
MWVCSTLWRVRTPARQWRGLLPASGCHGPAASSYSASAEPARVRALVYGHHGDPAKVVEL
KNLELAAVRGSDVRVKMLAAPINPSDINMIQGNYGLLPELPAVGGNEGVAQVVAVGSNVT
GLKPGDWVIPANAGLGTWRTEAVFSEEALIQVPSDIPLQSAATLGVNPCTAYRMLMDFEQ
LQPGDSVIQNASNSGVGQAVIQIAAALGLRTINVVRDRPDIQKLSDRLKSLGAEHVITEE
ELRRPEMKNFFKDMPQPRLALNCVGGKSSTELLRQLARGGTMVTYGGMAKQPVVASVSLL
IFKDLKLRGFWLSQWKKDHSPDQFKELILTLCDLIRRGQLTAPACSQVPLQDYQSALEAS
MKPFISSKQILTM
Enzyme 31 Number of Residues 373
Enzyme 31 Molecular Weight 40428
Enzyme 31 Theoretical pI 9.01
Enzyme 31 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • ion binding
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • transition metal ion binding
  • zinc ion binding
Process
Component
Enzyme 31 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 31 Specific Function Catalyzes the reduction of trans-2-enoyl-CoA to acyl-CoA with chain length from C6 to C16 in an NADPH-dependent manner with preference to medium chain length substrate. May have a role in the mitochondrial synthesis of fatty acids
Enzyme 31 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 31 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
Enzyme 31 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 31 Signals
  • 1-19
Enzyme 31 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 31 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 31 GenBank ID Protein 4929595 Link Image
Enzyme 31 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9BV79 Link Image
Enzyme 31 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MECR_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 31 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 31 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 31 Gene Sequence >1122 bp
ATGTGGGTCTGCAGTACCCTGTGGCGGGTGCGAACCCCGCCCGGCAGTGGCGGGGGCCTG
CTCCCAGCTTCTGGCTGTCACGGACCTGCCGCCTCCTCCTACTCCGCATCCGCCGAGCCT
GCCCGGGTCCGCGGCGTTGTCTATGGGCACCACGGGGATCCAGCCAAGGTCGTCGAACTC
AAGAACCTGGAGCTAGCTGCTGTGAGAGGATCAGATGTCCGTGTGAAGATGCTGGCGGCC
CCTATCAATCCATCTGACATAAATATGATCCAAGGAAACTACGGACTCCTTCCTGAACTG
CCTGCTGTTGGAGGGAACGAAGGTGTTGCACAGGTGGTAGCGGTGGGCAGCAATGTGACC
GGGCTGAAGCCAGGAGACTGGGTGATTCCAGCAAATGCTGGTTTAGGAACCTGGCGGACC
GAGGCTGTGTTCAGCGAGGAAGCACTGATCCAAGTTCCGAGTGACATCCCTCTTCAGAGC
GCTGCCACCCTGGGTGTCAATCCCTGCACAGCCTACAGGATGTTGATGGACTTCGAGCAA
CTGCAGCCAGGGGATTCTGTCATCCAGAATGCATCCAACAGCGGAGTGGGGCAAGCGGTC
ATCCAGATCGCCGCAGCCCTGGGCCTAAGAACCATCAATGTGGTCCGAGACAGACCTGAT
ATCCAGAAGCTGAGTGACAGACTGAAGAGTCTGGGGGCTGAGCATGTCATCACAGAAGAG
GAGCTAAGAAGGCCCGAAATGAAAAACTTCTTTAAGGACATGCCCCAGCCACGGCTTGCT
CTCAACTGTGTTGGTGGGAAAAGCTCCACAGAGCTGCTGCGCCAGTTAGCGCGTGGAGGA
ACCATGGTAACCTATGGGGGGATGGCCAAGCAGCCCGTCGTAGCCTCTGTGAGCCTGCTC
ATTTTTAAGGATCTCAAACTTCGAGGCTTTTGGTTGTCCCAGTGGAAGAAGGATCACAGT
CCAGACCAGTTCAAGGAGCTGATCCTCACACTGTGCGATCTCATCCGCCGAGGCCAGCTC
ACAGCCCCTGCCTGCTCCCAGGTCCCGCTGCAGGACTACCAGTCTGCCTTGGAAGCCTCC
ATGAAGCCCTTCATATCTTCAAAGCAGATTCTCACCATGTGA
Enzyme 31 GenBank Gene ID AF151821 Link Image
Enzyme 31 GeneCard ID MECR Link Image
Enzyme 31 GenAtlas ID MECR Link Image
Enzyme 31 HGNC ID HGNC:19691 Link Image
Enzyme 31 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 31 Locus 1p35.1-1p36.1
Enzyme 31 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 31 General References
  1. Lai CH, Chou CY, Ch'ang LY, Liu CS, Lin W: Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics. Genome Res. 2000 May;10(5):703-13. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Miinalainen IJ, Chen ZJ, Torkko JM, Pirila PL, Sormunen RT, Bergmann U, Qin YM, Hiltunen JK: Characterization of 2-enoyl thioester reductase from mammals. An ortholog of YBR026p/MRF1'p of the yeast mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis type II. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 30;278(22):20154-61. Epub 2003 Mar 24. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 31 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 32 [top]
Enzyme 32 ID 6299
Enzyme 32 Name Peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase
Enzyme 32 Synonyms
  1. TERP
  2. HPDHase
  3. pVI-ARL
  4. 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase-related protein
  5. DCR-RP
Enzyme 32 Gene Name PECR
Enzyme 32 Protein Sequence >Peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase
MASWAKGRSYLAPGLLQGQVAIVTGGATGIGKAIVKELLELGSNVVIASRKLERLKSAAD
ELQANLPPTKQARVIPIQCNIRNEEEVNNLVKSTLDTFGKINFLVNNGGGQFLSPAEHIS
SKGWHAVLETNLTGTFYMCKAVYSSWMKEHGGSIVNIIVPTKAGFPLAVHSGAARAGVYN
LTKSLALEWACSGIRINCVAPGVIYSQTAVENYGSWGQSFFEGSFQKIPAKRIGVPEEVS
SVVCFLLSPAASFITGQSVDVDGGRSLYTHSYEVPDHDNWPKGAGDLSVVKKMKETFKEK
AKL
Enzyme 32 Number of Residues 303
Enzyme 32 Molecular Weight 32545
Enzyme 32 Theoretical pI 9.12
Enzyme 32 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • regulation of apoptosis
  • regulation of biological process
  • regulation of cellular physiological process
  • regulation of physiological process
  • regulation of programmed cell death
Component
Enzyme 32 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 32 Specific Function Participates in chain elongation of fatty acids. Has no 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase activity
Enzyme 32 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 32 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
Enzyme 32 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 32 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 32 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 32 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 32 GenBank ID Protein 7798698 Link Image
Enzyme 32 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9BY49 Link Image
Enzyme 32 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PECR_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 32 PDB ID 1YXM Link Image
Enzyme 32 PDB File Show
Enzyme 32 3D Structure
Enzyme 32 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 32 Gene Sequence >912 bp
ATGGCCTCCTGGGCTAAGGGCAGGAGCTACCTGGCGCCTGGTTTGCTGCAGGGCCAAGTG
GCCATCGTCACCGGCGGGGCCACGGGCATCGGAAAAGCCATCGTGAAGGAGCTCCTGGAG
CTGGGGAGTAATGTGGTCATTGCATCCCGTAAGTTGGAGAGATTGAAGTCTGCGGCAGAT
GAACTGCAGGCCAACCTACCTCCCACAAAGCAGGCACGAGTCATTCCCATACAATGCAAC
ATCCGGAATGAGGAGGAGGTGAATAATTTGGTCAAATCTACCTTAGATACTTTTGGTAAG
ATCAATTTCTTGGTGAACAATGGAGGAGGCCAGTTTCTTTCCCCTGCTGAACACATCAGT
TCTAAGGGATGGCACGCTGTGCTTGAGACCAACCTGACGGGTACCTTCTACATGTGCAAA
GCAGTTTACAGCTCCTGGATGAAAGAGCATGGAGGATCTATCGTCAATATCATTGTCCCT
ACTAAAGCTGGATTTCCATTAGCTGTGCATTCTGGAGCTGCAAGAGCAGGTGTTTACAAC
CTCACCAAATCTTTAGCTTTGGAATGGGCCTGCAGTGGAATACGGATCAATTGTGTTGCC
CCTGGAGTTATTTATTCCCAGACTGCTGTGGAGAACTATGGTTCCTGGGGACAAAGCTTC
TTTGAAGGGTCTTTTCAGAAAATCCCCGCTAAACGAATTGGTGTTCCTGAGGAGGTCTCC
TCTGTGGTCTGCTTCCTACTGTCTCCTGCAGCTTCCTTCATCACTGGACAGTCAGTGGAT
GTGGATGGGGGCCGGAGTCTCTATACTCACTCGTATGAGGTACCAGATCATGACAACTGG
CCCAAGGGAGCAGGGGACCTTTCTGTTGTCAAAAAGATGAAGGAGACCTTTAAGGAGAAA
GCTAAGCTCTGA
Enzyme 32 GenBank Gene ID AF232009 Link Image
Enzyme 32 GeneCard ID PECR Link Image
Enzyme 32 GenAtlas ID PECR Link Image
Enzyme 32 HGNC ID HGNC:18281 Link Image
Enzyme 32 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 32 Locus 2q35
Enzyme 32 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 32 General References
  1. Das AK, Uhler MD, Hajra AK: Molecular cloning and expression of mammalian peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-coenzyme A reductase cDNAs. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 11;275(32):24333-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Amery L, Mannaerts GP, Subramani S, Van Veldhoven PP, Fransen M: Identification of a novel human peroxisomal 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase related protein using the M13 phage protein VI phage display technology. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2001 Nov;4(7):545-52. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 32 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 33 [top]
Enzyme 33 ID 6335
Enzyme 33 Name Cytosolic acyl coenzyme A thioester hydrolase
Enzyme 33 Synonyms
  1. Long chain acyl-CoA thioester hydrolase
  2. CTE-II
  3. CTE-IIa
  4. Brain acyl-CoA hydrolase
  5. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 7
Enzyme 33 Gene Name ACOT7
Enzyme 33 Protein Sequence >Cytosolic acyl coenzyme A thioester hydrolase
MKLLARALRLCEFGRQASSRRLVAGQGCVGPRRGCCAPVQVVGPRADLPPCGACITGRIM
RPDDANVAGNVHGGTILKMIEEAGAIISTRHCNSQNGERCVAALARVERTDFLSPMCIGE
VAHVSAEITYTSKHSVEVQVNVMSENILTGAKKLTNKATLWYVPLSLKNVDKVLEVPPVV
YSRQEQEEEGRKRYEAQKLERMETKWRNGDIVQPVLNPEPNTVSYSQSSLIHLVGPSDCT
LHGFVHGGVTMKLMDEVAGIVAARHCKTNIVTASVDAINFHDKIRKGCVITISGRMTFTS
NKSMEIEVLVDADPVVDSSQKRYRAASAFFTYVSLSQEGRSLPVPQLVPETEDEKKRFEE
GKGRYLQMKAKRQGHAEPQP
Enzyme 33 Number of Residues 380
Enzyme 33 Molecular Weight 41797
Enzyme 33 Theoretical pI 8.66
Enzyme 33 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
Process
Component
Enzyme 33 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 33 Specific Function Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. May play an important physiological function in brain. May play a regulatory role by modulating the cellular levels of fatty acyl- CoA ligands for certain transcription factors as well as the substrates for fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, contributing to lipid homeostasis. Has broad specificity, active towards fatty acyl-CoAs with chain-lengths of C8-C18. Has a maximal activity toward palmitoyl-CoA
Enzyme 33 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 33 Reactions
  • palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate
Enzyme 33 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 33 Signals
  • 1-19
Enzyme 33 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 33 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 33 GenBank ID Protein 2780414 Link Image
Enzyme 33 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O00154 Link Image
Enzyme 33 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name BACH_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 33 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 33 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 33 Gene Sequence >1017 bp
ATGTCGGGCCCAGACGTCGAGACGCCGTCCGCCATCCAGATCTGCCGGATCATGCGGCCA
GATGATGCCAACGTGGCCGGCAATGTCCACGGGGGGACCATCCTGAAGATGATCGAGGAG
GCAGGCGCCATCATCAGCACCCGGCATTGCAACAGCCAGAACGGGGAGCGCTGTGTGGCC
GCCCTGGCTCGTGTCGAGCGCACCGACTTCCTGTCTCCCATGTGCATCGGTGAGGTGGCG
CATGTCAGCGCGGAGATCACCTACACCTCCAAGCACTCTGTGGAGGTGCAGGTCAACGTG
ATGTCCGAAAACATCCTCACAGGTGCCAAAAAGCTGACCAATAAGGCCACCCTGTGGTAT
GTGCCCCTGTCGCTGAAGAATGTGGACAAGGTCCTCGAGGTGCCTCCTGTTGTGTATTCC
CGGCAGGAGCAGGAGGAGGAGGGCCGGAAGCGGTATGAAGCCCAGAAGCTGGAGCGCATG
GAGACCAAGTGGAGGAACGGGGACATCGTCCAGCCAGTCCTCAACCCAGAGCCGAACACT
GTCAGCTACAGCCAGTCCAGCTTGATCCACCTGGTGGGGCCTTCAGACTGCACCCTGCAC
GGCTTTGTGCACGGAGGTGTGACCATGAAGCTCATGGATGAGGTCGCCGGGATCGTGGCT
GCACGCCACTGCAAGACCAACATCGTCACAGCTTCCGTGGACGCCATTAATTTTCATGAC
AAGATCAGAAAAGGCTGCGTCATCACCATCTCGGGACGCATGACCTTCACGAGCAATAAG
TCCATGGAGATCGAGGTGTTGGTGGACGCCGACCCTGTTGTGGACAGCTCTCAGAAGCGC
TACCGGGCCGCCAGTGCCTTCTTCACCTACGTGTCGCTGAGCCAGGAAGGCAGGTCGCTG
CCTGTGCCCCAGCTGGTGCCCGAGACCGAGGACGAGAAGAAGCGCTTTGAGGAAGGCAAA
GGGCGGTACCTGCAGATGAAGGCGAAGCGACAGGGCCACGCGGAGCCTCAGCCCTAG
Enzyme 33 GenBank Gene ID D88894 Link Image
Enzyme 33 GeneCard ID ACOT7 Link Image
Enzyme 33 GenAtlas ID ACOT7 Link Image
Enzyme 33 HGNC ID HGNC:24157 Link Image
Enzyme 33 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 33 Locus 1p36.31-p36.11
Enzyme 33 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 33 General References
  1. Yamada J, Kurata A, Hirata M, Taniguchi T, Takama H, Furihata T, Shiratori K, Iida N, Takagi-Sakuma M, Watanabe T, Kurosaki K, Endo T, Suga T: Purification, molecular cloning, and genomic organization of human brain long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1999 Dec;126(6):1013-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 33 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 34 [top]
Enzyme 34 ID 6336
Enzyme 34 Name Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 2
Enzyme 34 Synonyms
  1. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 2
  2. Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A thioester hydrolase 2a
  3. Peroxisomal long-chain acyl-coA thioesterase 2
  4. ZAP128
  5. CTE-Ia
Enzyme 34 Gene Name ACOT2
Enzyme 34 Protein Sequence >Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 2
MSNKLLSPHPHSVVLRSEFKMASSPAVLRASRLYQWSLKSSAQFLGSPQLRQVGQIIRVP
ARMAATLILEPAGRCCWDEPVRIAVRGLAPEQPVTLRASLRDEKGALFQAHARYRADTLG
ELDLERAPALGGSFAGLEPMGLLWALEPEKPLVRLVKRDVRTPLAVELEVLDGHDPDPGR
LLCQTRHERYFLPPGVRREPVRVGRVRGTLFLPPEPGPFPGIVDMFGTGGGLLEYRASLL
AGKGFAVMALAYYNYEDLPKTMETLHLEYFEEAMNYLLSHPEVKGPGVGLLGISKGGELC
LSMASFLKGITAAVVINGSVANVGGTLRYKGETLPPVGVNRNRIKVTKDGYADIVDVLNS
PLEGPDQKSFIPVERAESTFLFLVGQDDHNWKSEFYANEACKRLQAHGRRKPQIICYPET
GHYIEPPYFPLCRASLHALVGSPIIWGGEPRAHAMAQVDAWKQLQTFFHKHLGGREGTIP
SKV
Enzyme 34 Number of Residues 483
Enzyme 34 Molecular Weight 53257
Enzyme 34 Theoretical pI 8.93
Enzyme 34 GO Classification
Function
  • CoA hydrolase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity
  • thiolester hydrolase activity
Process
  • lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
Component
Enzyme 34 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 34 Specific Function Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. Displays high levels of activity on medium- and long chain acyl CoAs
Enzyme 34 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 34 Reactions
  • palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate
Enzyme 34 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 34 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 34 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 34 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 34 GenBank ID Protein 887376 Link Image
Enzyme 34 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P49753 Link Image
Enzyme 34 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACOT2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 34 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 34 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 34 Gene Sequence >937 bp
CCCCCGGGCTGCAGGAATTCCTGAATTCAAAATGGCCTCATCTCCTGCTGTCCTTCGAGC
GTCCCGGCTGTACCAATGGAGCCTGAAGAGTTCGGCGCAGTTCCTGGGGTCTCCACAGCT
GAGGCAGAACCTGGGCCCTTTCCTGGGATTGTGGACATGTTCGGGAACTGGAGGTGGCCT
GCTGGAGTATCGGGCTAGTCTGCTGGCTGGGAAGGGTTTTGCTGTGATGGCTCTGGCTTA
TTATAACTATGAAGACCTCCCCAAGACCATGGAGACGCTCCATCTGGAGTACTTTGAAGA
AGCCATGAACTACTTGCTCAGTCATCCCGAGGTAAAAGGTCCAGGAGTTGGGCTGCTTGG
AATTTCCAAAGGGGGTGAGCTCTGCCTTTCCATGGCCTCTTTCCTGAAGGGCATCACGGC
TGCTGTCGTCATCAACGGCTCTGTGGCCAATGTTGGGGGAACCTTACACTACAAGGGCGA
GACCCTGCCCCCTGTGGGCGTCAACAGAAATCGCATCAAGGTGACCAAAGATGGCTATGC
AGACATTGTGGATGTCCTGAACAGCCCTTTGGAAGGACCTGACCAGAAGAGCTTCATTCC
TGTGGAAAGGGCAGAGAGCACCTTCCTGTTCCTGGTAGGTCAGGATGACCACAACTGGAA
GAGTGAGTTCTATGCTAATGAGGCCTGTAAACGCTTGCAGGCCCATGGGAGGAGAAAGCC
CCAGATCATCTGTTACCCAGAGACAGGGCACTATATTGAGCCTCCTTACTTCCCCCTGTG
TCGGGCTTCCCTGCATGCCTTGGTGGGCAGTCCTATTATCTGGGGAGGGGAGCCCAGGGC
TCATGCCATGGCTCAGGTGGATGCTTGGAAACAACTCCAGACTTTCTTCCACAAACACTT
GGGTGGCCACGAGGGGACAATCCCATCAAAAGTGTAA
Enzyme 34 GenBank Gene ID L40401 Link Image
Enzyme 34 GeneCard ID ACOT2 Link Image
Enzyme 34 GenAtlas ID ACOT2 Link Image
Enzyme 34 HGNC ID HGNC:18431 Link Image
Enzyme 34 Chromosome Location 14
Enzyme 34 Locus 14q24.3
Enzyme 34 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 34 General References
  1. Sherrington R, Rogaev EI, Liang Y, Rogaeva EA, Levesque G, Ikeda M, Chi H, Lin C, Li G, Holman K, et al.: Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Nature. 1995 Jun 29;375(6534):754-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Jones JM, Gould SJ: Identification of PTE2, a human peroxisomal long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Aug 18;275(1):233-40. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 34 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 35 [top]
Enzyme 35 ID 6337
Enzyme 35 Name Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 4
Enzyme 35 Synonyms
  1. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 4
  2. Peroxisomal acyl coenzyme A thioester hydrolase Ib
  3. Peroxisomal long-chain acyl-coA thioesterase Ib
  4. PTE-Ib
  5. PTE-2b
Enzyme 35 Gene Name ACOT4
Enzyme 35 Protein Sequence >Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 4
MSATLILEPPGRCCWNEPVRIAVRGLAPEQRVTLRASLRDEKGALFRAHARYCADARGEL
DLERAPALGGSFAGLEPMGLLWALEPEKPFWRFLKRDVQIPFVVELEVLDGHDPEPGRLL
CQAQHERHFLPPGVRRQSVRAGRVRATLFLPPGPGPFPGIIDIFGIGGGLLEYRASLLAG
HGFATLALAYYNFEDLPNNMDNISLEYFEEAVCYMLQHPQVKGPGIGLLGISLGADICLS
MASFLKNVSATVSINGSGISGNTAINYKHSSIPPLGYDLRRIKVAFSGLVDIVDIRNALV
GGYKNPSMIPIEKAQGPILLIVGQDDHNWRSELYAQTVSERLQAHGKEKPQIICYPGTGH
YIEPPYFPLCPASLHRLLNKHVIWGGEPRAHSKAQEDAWKQILAFFCKHLGGTQKTAVPK
L
Enzyme 35 Number of Residues 421
Enzyme 35 Molecular Weight 46327
Enzyme 35 Theoretical pI 8.16
Enzyme 35 GO Classification
Function
  • CoA hydrolase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity
  • thiolester hydrolase activity
Process
  • lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
Component
Enzyme 35 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 35 Specific Function Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH
Enzyme 35 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 35 Reactions
  • palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate
Enzyme 35 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 35 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 35 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 35 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 35 GenBank ID Protein 21753243 Link Image
Enzyme 35 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q8N9L9 Link Image
Enzyme 35 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACOT4_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 35 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 35 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 35 Gene Sequence >1266 bp
ATGTCAGCAACGCTGATCCTGGAGCCCCCAGGCCGCTGCTGCTGGAACGAGCCGGTGCGC
ATTGCCGTGCGCGGCCTGGCCCCGGAGCAGCGGGTTACGCTGCGCGCGTCCCTGCGCGAC
GAGAAGGGCGCGCTCTTCCGGGCCCACGCGCGCTACTGCGCCGACGCCCGCGGCGAGCTG
GACCTGGAGCGCGCACCCGCGCTGGGCGGCAGCTTCGCGGGACTCGAGCCCATGGGGCTG
CTCTGGGCCCTGGAACCCGAGAAGCCTTTTTGGCGCTTCCTGAAGCGGGACGTACAGATT
CCTTTTGTCGTGGAGTTGGAGGTGCTGGACGGCCACGACCCCGAGCCTGGACGGCTGCTG
TGCCAGGCGCAGCACGAGCGCCACTTCCCCCCGCCAGGGGTGCGGCGCCAGTCGGTGCGA
GCGGGCCGGGTGCGCGCCACGCTCTTCCTGCCGCCAGGACCTGGACCCTTCCCAGGGATC
ATTGACATCTTTGGTATTGGAGGGGGCCTCTTGGAATATCGAGCCAGCCTCCTTGCTGGC
CATGGCTTTGCCACGTTGGATCTTCAAAGTTATAACTTTGAAGATCTCCCCAATAACATG
GACAACATATCCCTGGAGTACTTCGAAGAAGCCGTATGCTACATGCTTCAACATCCCCAG
GTAAAAGGCCCAGGCATTGGGCTTTTGGGCATTTCCCTAGGAGCTGATATTTGTCTCTCA
ATGGCCTCATTCTTGAAGAATGTCTCAGCCACAGTTTCCATCAATGGATCTGGGATCAGT
GGGAACACAGCCATCAACTATAAGCACAGTAGCATTCCACCATTGGGCTATGACCTGAGG
AGAATCAAGGTAGCTTTCTCAGGCCTCGTGGACATCGTGGATATAAGGAATGCTCTCGTA
GGAGGGTACAAGAACCCCAGCATGATTCCAATAGAGAAGGCCCAGGGGCCCATCCTGCTC
ATTGTTGGTCAGGATGACCATAACTGGAGAAGTGAGTTGTATGCCCAAACAGTCTCTGAA
CGGTTACAGGCCCATGGAAAGGAAAAACCCCAGATCATCTGTTACCCTGGGACTGGGCAT
TACATCGAGCCTCCTTACTTCCCCCTGTGCCCAGCTTCCCTTCACAGATTACTGAACAAA
CATGTTATATGGGGTGGGGAGCCCAGGGCTCATTCTAAGGCCCAGGAAGATGCCTGGAAG
CAAATTCTAGCCTTCTTCTGCAAACACCTGGGAGGTACCCAGAAAACAGCTGTCCCTAAA
TTGTAA
Enzyme 35 GenBank Gene ID AK094223 Link Image
Enzyme 35 GeneCard ID ACOT4 Link Image
Enzyme 35 GenAtlas ID ACOT4 Link Image
Enzyme 35 HGNC ID HGNC:19748 Link Image
Enzyme 35 Chromosome Location 14
Enzyme 35 Locus 14q24.3
Enzyme 35 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 35 General References Not Available
Enzyme 35 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 36 [top]
Enzyme 36 ID 6338
Enzyme 36 Name Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8
Enzyme 36 Synonyms
  1. Choloyl-coenzyme A thioesterase
  2. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 8
  3. Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A thioester hydrolase 1
  4. PTE-1
  5. Peroxisomal long-chain acyl-coA thioesterase 1
  6. HIV-Nef-associated acyl coA thioesterase
  7. Thioesterase II
  8. hTE
  9. hACTEIII
  10. hACTE-III
  11. PTE-2
Enzyme 36 Gene Name ACOT8
Enzyme 36 Protein Sequence >Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8
MSSPQAPEDGQGCGDRGDPPGDLRSVLVTTVLNLEPLDEDLFRGRHYWVPAKRLFGGQIV
GQALVAAAKSVSEDVHVHSLHCYFVRAGDPKLPVLYQVERTRTGSSFSVRSVKAVQHGKP
IFICQASFQQAQPSPMQHQFSMPTVPPPEELLDCETLIDQYLRDPNLQKRYPLALNRIAA
QEVPIEIKPVNPSPLSQLQRMEPKQMFWVRARGYIGEGDMKMHCCVAAYISDYAFLGTAL
LPHQWQHKVHFMVSLDHSMWFHAPFRADHWMLYECESPWAGGSRGLVHGRLWRQDGVLAV
TCAQEGVIRVKPQVSESKL
Enzyme 36 Number of Residues 319
Enzyme 36 Molecular Weight 35915
Enzyme 36 Theoretical pI 7.60
Enzyme 36 GO Classification
Function
  • CoA hydrolase activity
  • acyl-CoA thioesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • thiolester hydrolase activity
Process
  • acyl-CoA metabolism
  • carboxylic acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • fatty acid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • organic acid metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 36 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 36 Specific Function Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. May mediate Nef-induced down-regulation of CD4. Major thioesterase in peroxisomes. Competes with BAAT (Bile acid CoA:amino acid N- acyltransferase) for bile acid-CoA substrate (such as chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA). Shows a preference for medium-length fatty acyl-CoAs. May be involved in the metabolic regulation of peroxisome proliferation
Enzyme 36 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 36 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 36 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 36 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 36 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 36 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 36 GenBank ID Protein 2318125 Link Image
Enzyme 36 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O14734 Link Image
Enzyme 36 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACOT8_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 36 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 36 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 36 Gene Sequence >960 bp
ATGTCGTCCCCGCAGGCCCCAGAAGATGGGCAGGGCTGTGGCGACCGCGGCGATCCCCCT
GGGGACCTCCGTAGCGTCTTGGTCACGACCGTGCTCAACCTCGAGCCGCTGGACGAGGAT
CTCTTCAGAGGAAGGCATTACTGGGTACCGGCCAAGAGGCTGTTTGGTGGTCAGATCGTG
GGCCAGGCCCTGGTGGCTGCAGCCAAGTCTGTGAGTGAAGACGTCCACGTGCACTCCCTG
CACTGCTACTTTGTTCGGGCAGGGGACCCGAAGCTGCCAGTACTGTACCAAGTGGAGCGG
ACACGAACAGGGTCGAGCTTCTCGGTGCGCTCTGTGAAGGCCGTGCAACATGGGAAGCCC
ATCTTCATCTGCCAGGCCTCCTTCCAGCAGGCCCAGCCCAGCCCCATGCAGCACCAGTTC
TCCATGCCCACTGTGCCACCACCAGAAGAGCTGCTTGACTGTGAGACCCTCATTGACCAG
TATTTAAGGGACCCTAACCTCCAAAAGAGGTACCCATTGGCGCTCAACCGAATTGCTGCT
CAGGAGGTCCCCATTGAGATCAAGCCAGTAAACCCATCCCCCCTGAGCCAGCTGCAGAGA
ATGGAGCCCAAACAGATGTTCTGGGTGCGAGCCCGGGGCTATATTGGCGAGGGCGACATG
AAGATGCACTGCTGCGTGGCCGCCTATATCTCCGACTATGCCTTCTTGGGCACTGCACTG
CTGCCTCACCAGTGGCAGCACAAGGTGCACTTCATGGTCTCACTGGACCATTCCATGTGG
TTCCACGCCCCCTTCCGAGCTGACCACTGGATGCTCTATGAATGCGAGAGCCCCTGGGCC
GGTGGCTCTCGGGGGCTGGTCCATGGGCGGCTGTGGCGTCAGGATGGAGTCCTAGCTGTG
ACCTGTGCCCAGGAGGGCGTGATCCGAGTGAAGCCCCAGGTCTCAGAGAGCAAGCTGTAG
Enzyme 36 GenBank Gene ID AF014404 Link Image
Enzyme 36 GeneCard ID ACOT8 Link Image
Enzyme 36 GenAtlas ID ACOT8 Link Image
Enzyme 36 HGNC ID HGNC:15919 Link Image
Enzyme 36 Chromosome Location 20
Enzyme 36 Locus 20q13.12
Enzyme 36 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 36 General References
  1. Watanabe H, Shiratori T, Shoji H, Miyatake S, Okazaki Y, Ikuta K, Sato T, Saito T: A novel acyl-CoA thioesterase enhances its enzymatic activity by direct binding with HIV Nef. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Sep 8;238(1):234-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Liu LX, Margottin F, Le Gall S, Schwartz O, Selig L, Benarous R, Benichou S: Binding of HIV-1 Nef to a novel thioesterase enzyme correlates with Nef-mediated CD4 down-regulation. J Biol Chem. 1997 May 23;272(21):13779-85. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Jones JM, Nau K, Geraghty MT, Erdmann R, Gould SJ: Identification of peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterases in yeast and humans. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 2;274(14):9216-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Hunt MC, Alexson SE: The role Acyl-CoA thioesterases play in mediating intracellular lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res. 2002 Mar;41(2):99-130. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 36 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 37 [top]
Enzyme 37 ID 6339
Enzyme 37 Name Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 precursor
Enzyme 37 Synonyms
  1. PPT-1
  2. Palmitoyl-protein hydrolase 1
Enzyme 37 Gene Name PPT1
Enzyme 37 Protein Sequence >Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 precursor
MASPGCLWLLAVALLPWTCASRALQHLDPPAPLPLVIWHGMGDSCCNPLSMGAIKKMVEK
KIPGIYVLSLEIGKTLMEDVENSFFLNVNSQVTTVCQALAKDPKLQQGYNAMGFSQGGQF
LRAVAQRCPSPPMINLISVGGQHQGVFGLPRCPGESSHICDFIRKTLNAGAYSKVVQERL
VQAEYWHDPIKEDVYRNHSIFLADINQERGINESYKKNLMALKKFVMVKFLNDSIVDPVD
SEWFGFYRSGQAKETIPLQETSLYTQDRLGLKEMDNAGQLVFLATEGDHLQLSEEWFYAH
IIPFLG
Enzyme 37 Number of Residues 306
Enzyme 37 Molecular Weight 34194
Enzyme 37 Theoretical pI 6.50
Enzyme 37 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • palmitoyl-(protein) hydrolase activity
  • thiolester hydrolase activity
Process
  • biopolymer metabolism
  • biopolymer modification
  • macromolecule metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • protein modification
Component
Enzyme 37 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 37 Specific Function Removes thioester-linked fatty acyl groups such as palmitate from modified cysteine residues in proteins or peptides during lysosomal degradation. Prefers acyl chain lengths of 14 to 18 carbons
Enzyme 37 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 37 Reactions
  • palmitoyl[protein] + H2O = palmitate + protein
Enzyme 37 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 37 Signals
  • 1-27
Enzyme 37 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 37 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 37 GenBank ID Protein 1160967 Link Image
Enzyme 37 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P50897 Link Image
Enzyme 37 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PPT1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 37 PDB ID 1EXW Link Image
Enzyme 37 PDB File Show
Enzyme 37 3D Structure
Enzyme 37 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 37 Gene Sequence >921 bp
ATGGCGTCGCCCGGCTGCCTGTGGCTCTTGGCTGTGGCTCTCCTGCCATGGACCTGCGCT
TCTCGGGCGCTGCAGCATCTGGACCCGCCGGCGCCGCTGCCGTTGGTGATCTGGCATGGG
ATGGGAGACAGCTGTTGCAATCCCTTAAGCATGGGTGCTATTAAAAAAATGGTGGAGAAG
AAAATACCTGGAATTTACGTCTTATCTTTAGAGATTGGGAAGACCCTGATGGAGGACGTG
GAGAACAGCTTCTTCTTGAATGTCAATTCCCAAGTAACAACAGTGTGTCAGGCACTTGCT
AAGGATCCTAAATTGCAGCAAGGCTACAATGCTATGGGATTCTCCCAGGGAGGCCAATTT
CTGAGGGCAGTGGCTCAGAGATGCCCTTCACCTCCCATGATCAATCTGATCTCGGTTGGG
GGACAACATCAAGGTGTTTTTGGACTCCCTCGATGCCCAGGAGAGAGCTCTCACATCTGT
GACTTCATCCGAAAAACACTGAATGCTGGGGCGTACTCCAAAGTTGTTCAGGAACGCCTC
GTGCAAGCCGAATACTGGCATGACCCCATAAAGGAGGATGTGTATCGCAACCACAGCATC
TTCTTGGCAGATATAAATCAGGAGCGGGGTATCAATGAGTCCTACAAGAAAAACCTGATG
GCCCTGAAGAAGTTTGTGATGGTGAAATTCCTCAATGATTCCATTGTGGACCCTGTAGAT
TCGGAGTGGTTTGGATTTTACAGAAGTGGCCAAGCCAAGGAAACCATTCCCTTACAGGAG
ACCTCCCTGTACACACAGGACCGCCTGGGGCTAAAGGAAATGGACAATGCAGGACAGCTA
GTGTTTCTGGCTACAGAAGGGGACCATCTTCAGTTGTCTGAAGAATGGTTTTATGCCCAC
ATCATACCATTCCTTGGATGA
Enzyme 37 GenBank Gene ID L42809 Link Image
Enzyme 37 GeneCard ID PPT1 Link Image
Enzyme 37 GenAtlas ID PPT1 Link Image
Enzyme 37 HGNC ID HGNC:9325 Link Image
Enzyme 37 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 37 Locus 1p32
Enzyme 37 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 37 General References
  1. Vesa J, Hellsten E, Verkruyse LA, Camp LA, Rapola J, Santavuori P, Hofmann SL, Peltonen L: Mutations in the palmitoyl protein thioesterase gene causing infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Nature. 1995 Aug 17;376(6541):584-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Crews CM, Lane WS, Schreiber SL: Didemnin binds to the protein palmitoyl thioesterase responsible for infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 30;93(9):4316-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Schriner JE, Yi W, Hofmann SL: cDNA and genomic cloning of human palmitoyl-protein thioesterase (PPT), the enzyme defective in infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Genomics. 1996 Jun 15;34(3):317-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Lu JY, Verkruyse LA, Hofmann SL: Lipid thioesters derived from acylated proteins accumulate in infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: correction of the defect in lymphoblasts by recombinant palmitoyl-protein thioesterase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Sep 17;93(19):10046-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Zhang H, Li XJ, Martin DB, Aebersold R: Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 Jun;21(6):660-6. Epub 2003 May 18. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Mitchison HM, Hofmann SL, Becerra CH, Munroe PB, Lake BD, Crow YJ, Stephenson JB, Williams RE, Hofman IL, Taschner PE, Martin JJ, Philippart M, Andermann E, Andermann F, Mole SE, Gardiner RM, O'Rawe AM: Mutations in the palmitoyl-protein thioesterase gene (PPT; CLN1) causing juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis with granular osmiophilic deposits. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Feb;7(2):291-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Das AK, Becerra CH, Yi W, Lu JY, Siakotos AN, Wisniewski KE, Hofmann SL: Molecular genetics of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase deficiency in the U.S. J Clin Invest. 1998 Jul 15;102(2):361-70. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 37 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 38 [top]
Enzyme 38 ID 6839
Enzyme 38 Name Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase
Enzyme 38 Synonyms
  1. DHAP-AT
  2. DAP-AT
  3. Glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase
  4. Acyl- CoA:dihydroxyacetonephosphateacyltransferase
Enzyme 38 Gene Name GNPAT
Enzyme 38 Protein Sequence >Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase
MESSSSSNSYFSVGPTSPSAVVLLYSKELKKWDEFEDILEERRHVSDLKFAMKCYTPLVY
KGITPCKPIDIKCSVLNSEEIHYVIKQLSKESLQSVDVLREEVSEILDEMSHKLRLGAIR
FCAFTLSKVFKQIFSKVCVNEEGIQKLQRAIQEHPVVLLPSHRSYIDFLMLSFLLYNYDL
PVPVIAAGMDFLGMKMVGELLRMSGAFFMRRTFGGNKLYWAVFSEYVKTMLRNGYAPVEF
FLEGTRSRSAKTLTPKFGLLNIVMEPFFKREVFDTYLVPISISYDKILEETLYVYELLGV
PKPKESTTGLLKARKILSENFGSIHVYFGDPVSLRSLAAGRMSRSSYNLVPRYIPQKQSE
DMHAFVTEVAYKMELLQIENMVLSPWTLIVAVLLQNRPSMDFDALVEKTLWLKGLTQAFG
GFLIWPDNKPAEEVVPASILLHSNIASLVKDQVILKVDSGDSEVVDGLMLQHITLLMCSA
YRNQLLNIFVRPSLVAVALQMTPGFRKEDVYSCFRFLRDVFADEFIFLPGNTLKDFEEGC
YLLCKSEAIQVTTKDILVTEKGNTVLEFLVGLFKPFVESYQIICKYLLSEEEDHFSEEQY
LAAVRKFTSQLLDQGTSQCYDVLSSDVQKNALAACVRLGVVEKKKINNNCIFNVNEPATT
KLEEMLGCKTPIGKPATAKL
Enzyme 38 Number of Residues 680
Enzyme 38 Molecular Weight 77189
Enzyme 38 Theoretical pI 6.52
Enzyme 38 GO Classification
Function
  • O-acetyltransferase activity
  • O-acyltransferase activity
  • acyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • glycerone-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups
Process
  • biosynthesis
  • cellular lipid metabolism
  • ether lipid biosynthesis
  • glycerolipid biosynthesis
  • lipid biosynthesis
  • lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
Component
  • cell
  • membrane
  • microbody membrane
  • organelle membrane
  • peroxisomal membrane
Enzyme 38 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 38 Specific Function Acyl-CoA + glycerone phosphate = CoA + acylglycerone phosphate
Enzyme 38 Pathways
Enzyme 38 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + glycerone phosphate = CoA + acylglycerone phosphate
Enzyme 38 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 38 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 38 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 38 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 38 GenBank ID Protein 2584769 Link Image
Enzyme 38 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O15228 Link Image
Enzyme 38 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GNPAT_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 38 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 38 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 38 Gene Sequence >2043 bp
ATGGAGTCTTCCAGTTCATCTAACTCTTATTTCTCCGTTGGCCCAACCAGTCCCAGCGCT
GTCGTGCTCCTCTACTCGAAGGAGCTCAAAAAGTGGGATGAGTTTGAAGATATTTTAGAA
GAGAGGAGGCATGTCAGTGACTTGAAATTTGCAATGAAATGCTACACACCTCTTGTCTAT
AAGGGAATTACTCCATGTAAACCAATTGATATTAAATGTAGTGTTCTCAATTCTGAGGAG
ATTCATTATGTCATTAAACAGCTTTCCAAGGAATCCCTTCAATCTGTGGATGTCCTCCGA
GAGGAAGTGAGTGAGATCTTAGATGAAATGAGTCACAAACTGCGTCTTGGAGCCATTCGG
TTTTGTGCCTTCACCCTGAGCAAAGTATTTAAACAAATTTTCTCGAAGGTGTGTGTAAAT
GAAGAAGGTATTCAGAAACTACAAAGAGCCATCCAGGAGCATCCTGTTGTTCTGCTGCCT
AGTCATCGAAGTTACATTGACTTCCTCATGTTGTCTTTTCTTCTATACAATTATGATTTG
CCTGTGCCAGTTATAGCAGCAGGAATGGACTTCCTGGGAATGAAAATGGTTGGTGAGCTG
CTACGAATGTCGGGTGCCTTTTTCATGCGGCGTACCTTTGGTGGCAATAAACTCTACTGG
GCTGTATTCTCTGAATATGTAAAAACTATGTTACGGAATGGTTATGCTCCTGTTGAATTT
TTCCTCGAAGGGACAAGAAGCCGCTCTGCCAAGACATTGACTCCTAAATTTGGTCTTCTG
AATATTGTGATGGAGCCATTTTTTAAAAGAGAAGTTTTTGATACCTACCTTGTCCCAATT
AGTATCAGTTATGATAAGATCTTGGAAGAAACTCTTTATGTGTATGAGCTTCTAGGGGTT
CCTAAACCAAAAGAGTCTACAACTGGGTTGCTGAAAGCCAGAAAGATTCTCTCTGAAAAT
TTTGGAAGCATCCATGTGTACTTTGGAGATCCTGTGTCACTTCGATCTTTGGCAGCTGGG
AGGATGAGTCGGAGCTCATATAACTTGGTTCCAAGATACATTCCTCAGAAACAGTCTGAG
GACATGCATGCCTTTGTCACTGAAGTTGCCTACAAAATGGAGCTTCTGCAAATTGAAAAC
ATGGTTTTGAGCCCCTGGACCCTAATAGTTGCTGTTCTGCTTCAGAACCGGCCATCCATG
GACTTTGATGCTCTGGTGGAAAAGACTTTATGGCTAAAAGGCTTAACCCAGGCATTTGGA
GGGTTTCTCATTTGGCCTGATAATAAACCTGCTGAAGAAGTTGTCCCGGCCAGCATTCTT
CTGCATTCCAACATTGCCAGCCTTGTCAAAGACCAGGTGATTCTGAAAGTGGACTCCGGA
GACTCGGAAGTGGTCGATGGGCTTATGCTCCAGCACATCACTCTCCTCATGTGCTCAGCT
TATAGGAACCAGCTGCTCAACATTTTTGTGCGCCCATCCTTAGTAGCAGTAGCATTGCAG
ATGACACCAGGGTTCAGGAAAGAGGATGTCTACAGTTGCTTTCGCTTCCTACGTGATGTT
TTTGCAGATGAGTTCATCTTCCTTCCAGGAAACACACTAAAGGACTTTGAAGAAGGCTGT
TACCTGCTTTGTAAAAGTGAAGCCATACAAGTGACTACGAAAGACATCCTAGTTACAGAG
AAAGGAAATACTGTGTTAGAATTTTTAGTAGGACTCTTTAAACCTTTTGTGGAAAGCTAT
CAGATAATTTGCAAGTACCTTTTGAGTGAAGAAGAGGACCACTTCAGTGAGGAACAGTAC
TTGGCTGCAGTCAGAAAATTCACAAGTCAGCTTCTCGATCAAGGTACCTCTCAATGTTAT
GATGTATTATCTTCTGATGTGCAGAAAAACGCCTTAGCAGCCTGTGTGAGGCTCGGAGTA
GTGGAGAAGAAGAAGATAAATAATAACTGTATATTTAATGTGAATGAACCTGCCACAACC
AAATTAGAAGAAATGCTTGGTTGTAAGACACCAATAGGAAAACCAGCCACTGCAAAACTT
TAA
Enzyme 38 GenBank Gene ID AJ002190 Link Image
Enzyme 38 GeneCard ID GNPAT Link Image
Enzyme 38 GenAtlas ID GNPAT Link Image
Enzyme 38 HGNC ID HGNC:4416 Link Image
Enzyme 38 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 38 Locus 1q42.11-42.3
Enzyme 38 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 38 General References
  1. Thai TP, Heid H, Rackwitz HR, Hunziker A, Gorgas K, Just WW: Ether lipid biosynthesis: isolation and molecular characterization of human dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase. FEBS Lett. 1997 Dec 29;420(2-3):205-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ofman R, Hettema EH, Hogenhout EM, Caruso U, Muijsers AO, Wanders RJ: Acyl-CoA:dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase: cloning of the human cDNA and resolution of the molecular basis in rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 2. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 May;7(5):847-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Ofman R, Lajmir S, Wanders RJ: Etherphospholipid biosynthesis and dihydroxyactetone-phosphate acyltransferase: resolution of the genomic organization of the human gnpat gene and its use in the identification of novel mutations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Mar 2;281(3):754-60. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 38 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 39 [top]
Enzyme 39 ID 6873
Enzyme 39 Name 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gamma
Enzyme 39 Synonyms
  1. 1- AGP acyltransferase 3
  2. 1-AGPAT 3
  3. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase gamma
  4. LPAAT-gamma
  5. 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O- acyltransferase 3
Enzyme 39 Gene Name AGPAT3
Enzyme 39 Protein Sequence >1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gamma
MGLLAFLKTQFVLHLLVGFVFVVSGLVINFVQLCTLALWPVSKQLYRRLNCRLAYSLWSQ
LVMLLEWWSCTECTLFTDQATVERFGKEHAVIILNHNFEIDFLCGWTMCERFGVLGSSKV
LAKKELLYVPLIGWTWYFLEIVFCKRKWEEDRDTVVEGLRRLSDYPEYMWFLLYCEGTRF
TETKHRVSMEVAAAKGLPVLKYHLLPRTKGFTTAVKCLRGTVAAVYDVTLNFRGNKNPSL
LGILYGKKYEADMCVRRFPLEDIPLDEKEAAQWLHKLYQEKDALQEIYNQKGMFPGEQFK
PARRPWTLLNFLSWATILLSPLFSFVLGVFASGSPLLILTFLGFVGAASFGVRRLIGVTE
IEKGSSYGNQEFKKKE
Enzyme 39 Number of Residues 376
Enzyme 39 Molecular Weight 43381
Enzyme 39 Theoretical pI 8.91
Enzyme 39 GO Classification
Function
  • acyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 39 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 39 Specific Function Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone
Enzyme 39 Pathways
Enzyme 39 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Enzyme 39 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 39 Signals
  • 1-25
Enzyme 39 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 39 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 39 GenBank ID Protein 8886001 Link Image
Enzyme 39 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9NRZ7 Link Image
Enzyme 39 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PLCC_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 39 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 39 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 39 Gene Sequence >1131 bp
ATGGGCCTGCTGGCCTTCCTGAAGACCCAGTTCGTGCTGCACCTGCTGGTCGGCTTTGTC
TTCGTGGTGAGTGGTCTGGTCATCAACTTCGTCCAGCTGTGCACGCTGGCGCTCTGGCCG
GTCAGCAAGCAGCTCTACCGCCGCCTCAACTGCCGCCTCGCATACTCACTCTGGAGCCAA
CTGGTCATGCTGCTGGAGTGGTGGTCCTGCACGGAGTGTACACTGTTCACGGACCAGGCC
ACGGTAGAGCGCTTTGGGAAGGAGCACGCAGTCATCATCCTCAACCACAACTTCGAGATC
GACTTCCTCTGTGGGTGGACCATGTGTGAGCGCTTCGGAGTGCTGGGGAGCTCCAAGGTC
CTCGCTAAGAAGGAGCTGCTCTACGTGCCCCTCATCGGCTGGACGTGGTACTTTCTGGAG
ATTGTGTTCTGCAAGCGGAAGTGGGAGGAGGACCGGGACACCGTGGTCGAAGGGCTGAGG
CGCCTGTCGGACTACCCCGAGTACATGTGGTTTCTCCTGTACTGCGAGGGGACGCGCTTC
ACGGAGACCAAGCACCGCGTTAGCATGGAGGTGGCGGCTGCTAAGGGGCTTCCTGTCCTC
AAGTACCACCTGCTGCCGCGGACCAAGGGCTTCACCACCGCAGTCAAGTGCCTCCGGGGG
ACAGTCGCAGCTGTCTATGATGTAACCCTGAACTTCAGAGGAAACAAGAACCCGTCCCTG
CTGGGGATCCTCTACGGGAAGAAGTACGAGGCGGACATGTGCGTGAGGAGATTTCCTCTG
GAAGACATCCCGCTGGATGAAAAGGAAGCAGCTCAGTGGCTTCATAAACTGTACCAGGAG
AAGGACGCGCTCCAGGAGATATATAATCAGAAGGGCATGTTTCCAGGGGAGCAGTTTAAG
CCTGCCCGGAGGCCGTGGACCCTCCTGAACTTCCTGTCCTGGGCCACCATTCTCCTGTCT
CCCCTCTTCAGTTTTGTCTTGGGCGTCTTTGCCAGCGGATCACCTCTCCTGATCCTGACT
TTCTTGGGGTTTGTGGGAGCAGCTTCCTTTGGAGTTCGCAGACTGATAGGAGTAACTGAG
ATAGAAAAAGGCTCCAGCTACGGAAACCAAGAGTTTAAGAAAAAGGAATAA
Enzyme 39 GenBank Gene ID AF156774 Link Image
Enzyme 39 GeneCard ID AGPAT3 Link Image
Enzyme 39 GenAtlas ID AGPAT3 Link Image
Enzyme 39 HGNC ID HGNC:326 Link Image
Enzyme 39 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 39 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 39 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 39 General References
  1. Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2265-70. Epub 2003 Sep 15. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 39 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 40 [top]
Enzyme 40 ID 6875
Enzyme 40 Name 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta
Enzyme 40 Synonyms
  1. 1- AGP acyltransferase 2
  2. 1-AGPAT 2
  3. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase beta
  4. LPAAT-beta
  5. 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O- acyltransferase 2
Enzyme 40 Gene Name AGPAT2
Enzyme 40 Protein Sequence >1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta
MELWPCLAAALLLLLLLVQLSRAAEFYAKVALYCALCFTVSAVASLVCLLRHGGRTVENM
SIIGWFVRSFKYFYGLRFEVRDPRRLQEARPCVIVSNHQSILDMMGLMEVLPERCVQIAK
RELLFLGPVGLIMYLGGVFFINRQRSSTAMTVMADLGERMVRENLKVWIYPEGTRNDNGD
LLPFKKGAFYLAVQAQVPIVPVVYSSFSSFYNTKKKFFTSGTVTVQVLEAIPTSGLTAAD
VPALVDTCHRAMRTTFLHISKTPQENGATAGSGVQPAQ
Enzyme 40 Number of Residues 278
Enzyme 40 Molecular Weight 30915
Enzyme 40 Theoretical pI 9.22
Enzyme 40 GO Classification
Function
  • 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
  • O-acyltransferase activity
  • acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
  • acyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups
Process
  • cellular lipid metabolism
  • lipid metabolism
  • membrane lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • phospholipid biosynthesis
  • phospholipid metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
Component
  • cell
  • membrane
Enzyme 40 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 40 Specific Function Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone
Enzyme 40 Pathways
Enzyme 40 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Enzyme 40 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 40 Signals
  • 1-23
Enzyme 40 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 40 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 40 GenBank ID Protein 2282590 Link Image
Enzyme 40 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O15120 Link Image
Enzyme 40 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PLCB_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 40 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 40 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 40 Gene Sequence >837 bp
ATGGAGCTGTGGCCGTGTCTGGCCGCGGCGCTGCTGTTGCTGCTGCTGCTGGTGCAGCTG
AGCCGCGCGGCCGAGTTCTACGCCAAGGTCGCCCTGTACTGCGCGCTGTGCTTCACGGTG
TCCGCCGTGGCCTCGCTCGTCTGCCTGCTGCGCCACGGCGGCCGGACGGTGGAGAACATG
AGCATCATCGGCTGGTTCGTGCGAAGCTTCAAGTACTTTTACGGGCTCCGCTTCGAGGTG
CGGGACCCGCGCAGGCTGCAGGAGGCCCGTCCCTGTGTCATCGTCTCCAACCACCAGAGC
ATCCTGGACATGATGGGCCTCATGGAGGTCCTTCCGGAGCGCTGCGTGCAGATCGCCAAG
CGGGAGCTGCTCTTCCTGGGGCCCGTGGGCCTCATCATGTACCTCGGGGGCGTCTTCTTC
ATCAACCGGCAGCGCTCTAGCACTGCCATGACAGTGATGGCCGACCTGGGCGAGCGCATG
GTCAGGGAGAACCTCAAAGTGTGGATCTATCCCGAGGGTACTCGCAACGACAATGGGGAC
CTGCTGCCTTTTAAGAAGGGCGCCTTCTACCTGGCAGTCCAGGCACAGGTGCCCATCGTC
CCCGTGGTGTACTCTTCCTTCTCCTCCTTCTACAACACCAAGAAGAAGTTCTTCACTTCA
GGAACAGTCACAGTGCAGGTGCTGGAAGCCATCCCCACCAGCGGCCTCACTGCGGCGGAC
GTCCCTGCGCTCGTGGACACCTGCCACCGGGCCATGAGGACCACCTTCCTCCACATCTCC
AAGACCCCCCAGGAGAACGGGGCCACTGCGGGGTCTGGCGTGCAGCCGGCCCAGTAG
Enzyme 40 GenBank Gene ID AF000237 Link Image
Enzyme 40 GeneCard ID AGPAT2 Link Image
Enzyme 40 GenAtlas ID AGPAT2 Link Image
Enzyme 40 HGNC ID HGNC:325 Link Image
Enzyme 40 Chromosome Location 9
Enzyme 40 Locus 9q34.3
Enzyme 40 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 40 General References
  1. Eberhardt C, Gray PW, Tjoelker LW: Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase. cDNA cloning, expression, and localization to chromosome 9q34.3. J Biol Chem. 1997 Aug 8;272(32):20299-305. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Stamps AC, Elmore MA, Hill ME, Kelly K, Makda AA, Finnen MJ: A human cDNA sequence with homology to non-mammalian lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases. Biochem J. 1997 Sep 1;326 ( Pt 2):455-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. West J, Tompkins CK, Balantac N, Nudelman E, Meengs B, White T, Bursten S, Coleman J, Kumar A, Singer JW, Leung DW: Cloning and expression of two human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase cDNAs that enhance cytokine-induced signaling responses in cells. DNA Cell Biol. 1997 Jun;16(6):691-701. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Agarwal AK, Arioglu E, De Almeida S, Akkoc N, Taylor SI, Bowcock AM, Barnes RI, Garg A: AGPAT2 is mutated in congenital generalized lipodystrophy linked to chromosome 9q34. Nat Genet. 2002 May;31(1):21-3. Epub 2002 Apr 22. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 40 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 41 [top]
Enzyme 41 ID 6877
Enzyme 41 Name 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha
Enzyme 41 Synonyms
  1. 1- AGP acyltransferase 1
  2. 1-AGPAT 1
  3. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase alpha
  4. LPAAT-alpha
  5. 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O- acyltransferase 1
  6. Protein G15
Enzyme 41 Gene Name AGPAT1
Enzyme 41 Protein Sequence >1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha
MDLWPGAWMLLLLLFLLLLFLLPTLWFCSPSAKYFFKMAFYNGWILFLAVLAIPVCAVRG
RNVENMKILRLMLLHIKYLYGIRVEVRGAHHFPPSQPYVVVSNHQSSLDLLGMMEVLPGR
CVPIAKRELLWAGSAGLACWLAGVIFIDRKRTGDAISVMSEVAQTLLTQDVRVWVFPEGT
RNHNGSMLPFKRGAFHLAVQAQVPIVPIVMSSYQDFYCKKERRFTSGQCQVRVLPPVPTE
GLTPDDVPALADRVRHSMLTVFREISTDGRGGGDYLKKPGGGG
Enzyme 41 Number of Residues 283
Enzyme 41 Molecular Weight 31717
Enzyme 41 Theoretical pI 9.75
Enzyme 41 GO Classification
Function
  • 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity
  • O-acyltransferase activity
  • acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity
  • acyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups
Process
  • cellular lipid metabolism
  • lipid metabolism
  • membrane lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • phospholipid biosynthesis
  • phospholipid metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
Component
  • cell
  • membrane
Enzyme 41 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 41 Specific Function Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone
Enzyme 41 Pathways
Enzyme 41 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Enzyme 41 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 41 Signals
  • 1-26
Enzyme 41 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 41 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 41 GenBank ID Protein 2155238 Link Image
Enzyme 41 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q99943 Link Image
Enzyme 41 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PLCA_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 41 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 41 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 41 Gene Sequence >852 bp
ATGGATTTGTGGCCAGGGGCATGGATGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTCTTCCTGCTGCTGCTCTTC
CTGCTGCCCACCCTGTGGTTCTGCAGCCCCAGTGCCAAGTACTTCTTCAAGATGGCCTTC
TACAATGGCTGGATCCTCTTCCTGGCTGTGCTCGCCATCCCTGTGTGTGCCGTGCGAGGA
CGCAACGTCGAGAACATGAAGATCTTGCGTCTAATGCTGCTCCACATCAAATACCTGTAC
GGGATCCGAGTGGAGGTGCGAGGGGCTCACCACTTCCCTCCCTCGCAGCCCTATGTTGTT
GTCTCCAACCACCAGAGCTCTCTCGATCTGCTTGGGATGATGGAGGTACTGCCAGGCCGC
TGTGTGCCCATTGCCAAGCGCGAGCTACTGTGGGCTGGCTCTGCCGGGCTGGCCTGCTGG
CTGGCAGGAGTCATCTTCATCGACCGGAAGCGCACGGGGGATGCCATCAGTGTCATGTCT
GAGGTCGCCCAGACCCTGCTCACCCAGGACGTGAGGGTCTGGGTGTTTCCTGAGGGAACG
AGAAACCACAATGGCTCCATGCTGCCCTTCAAACGTGGCGCCTTCCATCTTGCAGTGCAG
GCCCAGGTTCCCATTGTCCCCATAGTCATGTCCTCCTACCAAGACTTCTACTGCAAGAAG
GAGCGTCGCTTCACCTCGGGACAATGTCAGGTGCGGGTGCTGCCCCCAGTGCCCACGGAA
GGGCTGACACCAGATGACGTCCCAGCTCTGGCTGACAGAGTCCGGCACTCCATGCTCACT
GTTTTCCGGGAAATCTCCACTGATGGCCGGGGTGGTGGTGACTATCTGAAGAAGCCTGGG
GGCGGTGGGTGA
Enzyme 41 GenBank Gene ID U56417 Link Image
Enzyme 41 GeneCard ID AGPAT1 Link Image
Enzyme 41 GenAtlas ID AGPAT1 Link Image
Enzyme 41 HGNC ID HGNC:324 Link Image
Enzyme 41 Chromosome Location 6
Enzyme 41 Locus 6p21.3
Enzyme 41 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 41 General References
  1. West J, Tompkins CK, Balantac N, Nudelman E, Meengs B, White T, Bursten S, Coleman J, Kumar A, Singer JW, Leung DW: Cloning and expression of two human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase cDNAs that enhance cytokine-induced signaling responses in cells. DNA Cell Biol. 1997 Jun;16(6):691-701. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Stamps AC, Elmore MA, Hill ME, Kelly K, Makda AA, Finnen MJ: A human cDNA sequence with homology to non-mammalian lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases. Biochem J. 1997 Sep 1;326 ( Pt 2):455-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Aguado B, Campbell RD: Characterization of a human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that is encoded by a gene located in the class III region of the human major histocompatibility complex. J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 13;273(7):4096-105. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 41 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 42 [top]
Enzyme 42 ID 6936
Enzyme 42 Name Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 42 Synonyms
  1. SBCAD
  2. 2-methyl branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
  3. 2-MEBCAD
  4. 2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
  5. 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
Enzyme 42 Gene Name ACADSB
Enzyme 42 Protein Sequence >Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor
MEGLAVRLLRGSRLLRRNFLTCLSSWKIPPHVSKSSQSEALLNITNNGIHFAPLQTFTDE
EMMIKSSVKKFAQEQIAPLVSTMDENSKMEKSVIQGLFQQGLMGIEVDPEYGGTGASFLS
TVLVIEELAKVDASVAVFCEIQNTLINTLIRKHGTEEQKATYLPQLTTEKVGSFCLSEAG
AGSDSFALKTRADKEGDYYVLNGSKMWISSAEHAGLFLVMANVDPTIGYKGITSFLVDRD
TPGLHIGKPENKLGLRASSTCPLTFENVKVPEANILGQIGHGYKYAIGSLNEGRIGIAAQ
MLGLAQGCFDYTIPYIKERIQFGKRLFDFQGLQHQVAHVATQLEAARLLTYNAARLLEAG
KPFIKEASMAKYYASEIAGQTTSKCIEWMGGVGYTKDYPVEKYFRDAKIGTIYEGASNIQ
LNTIAKHIDAEY
Enzyme 42 Number of Residues 432
Enzyme 42 Molecular Weight 47486
Enzyme 42 Theoretical pI 7.00
Enzyme 42 GO Classification
Function
  • acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 42 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 42 Specific Function Has greatest activity toward short branched chain acyl- CoA derivative such as (s)-2-methylbutyryl-CoA, isobutyryl-CoA, and 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA as well as toward short straight chain acyl-CoAs such as butyryl-CoA and hexanoyl-CoA. Can use valproyl- CoA as substrate and may play a role in controlling the metabolic flux of valproic acid in the development of toxicity of this agent
Enzyme 42 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 42 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 42 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 42 Signals
  • 1-25
Enzyme 42 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 42 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 42 GenBank ID Protein 531391 Link Image
Enzyme 42 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P45954 Link Image
Enzyme 42 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACDSB_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 42 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 42 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 42 Gene Sequence >1299 bp
ATGGAGGGCCTGGCAGTGCGGTTGCTGCGCGGCAGCAGGCTGCTAAGAAGAAATTTCCTG
ACTTGTTTGTCTTCTTGGAAGATTCCTCCTCATGTCTCAAAATCTTCCCAGTCAGAAGCT
CTACTCAATATAACAAATAATGGAATACACTTTGCTCCCCTGCAAACATTTACAGATGAG
GAAATGATGATAAAGAGTTCAGTTAAAAAATTTGCTCAGGAACAAATTGCACCTTTGGTT
TCAACCATGGATGAAAATTCGAAAATGGAGAAATCAGTAATACAAGGATTATTTCAACAA
GGGTTGATGGGTATTGAAGTTGACCCAGAATATGGAGGCACAGGAGCTTCTTTTTTATCC
ACTGTGCTCGTGATAGAGGAATTAGCCAAAGTTGATGCATCTGTGGCTGTCTTTTGTGAG
ATCCAGAACACATTAATTAACACACTGATTAGAAAACATGGAACAGAAGAACAAAAGGCC
ACCTATTTGCCTCAGCTCACTACAGAAAAAGTAGGAAGTTTCTGCCTTTCAGAGGCTGGA
GCAGGTAGTGACTCATTTGCTTTGAAGACCAGAGCTGATAAAGAGGGAGATTATTATGTC
CTCAATGGATCAAAGATGTGGATCAGCAGTGCTGAGCATGCAGGGCTCTTTCTGGTGATG
GCAAATGTAGACCCTACCATTGGATATAAGGGAATTACCTCCTTCTTAGTAGATCGTGAT
ACTCCGGGCCTTCATATAGGGAAACCTGAAAACAAATTGGGGCTCAGAGCTTCTTCCACC
TGCCCGTTAACATTCGAAAATGTCAAGGTTCCAGAAGCCAATATCTTGGGACAAATTGGA
CATGGCTATAAGTATGCCATAGGGAGTCTCAATGAAGGTAGAATAGGAATTGCTGCACAG
ATGCTGGGACTGGCGCAAGGATGTTTTGACTACACTATTCCATATATTAAAGAAAGGATA
CAATTTGGCAAAAGACTATTTGATTTTCAGGGCCTCCAACACCAAGTGGCTCACGTGGCC
ACCCAGCTGGAAGCTGCAAGATTACTAACATACAATGCTGCTAGGCTTTTAGAAGCTGGA
AAGCCATTCATAAAAGAAGCGTCAATGGCCAAATACTATGCATCAGAGATTGCAGGACAA
ACAACGAGTAAATGTATCGAGTGGATGGGGGGAGTAGGCTACACCAAAGATTACCCTGTG
GAGAAATACTTCCGAGATGCAAAGATTGGTACGATATATGAAGGAGCTTCCAACATCCAG
TTGAACACCATTGCAAAGCATATCGATGCAGAATACTGA
Enzyme 42 GenBank Gene ID U12778 Link Image
Enzyme 42 GeneCard ID ACADSB Link Image
Enzyme 42 GenAtlas ID ACADSB Link Image
Enzyme 42 HGNC ID HGNC:91 Link Image
Enzyme 42 Chromosome Location 10
Enzyme 42 Locus 10q26.13
Enzyme 42 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 42 General References
  1. Rozen R, Vockley J, Zhou L, Milos R, Willard J, Fu K, Vicanek C, Low-Nang L, Torban E, Fournier B: Isolation and expression of a cDNA encoding the precursor for a novel member (ACADSB) of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene family. Genomics. 1994 Nov 15;24(2):280-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Andresen BS, Christensen E, Corydon TJ, Bross P, Pilgaard B, Wanders RJ, Ruiter JP, Simonsen H, Winter V, Knudsen I, Schroeder LD, Gregersen N, Skovby F: Isolated 2-methylbutyrylglycinuria caused by short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: identification of a new enzyme defect, resolution of its molecular basis, and evidence for distinct acyl-CoA dehydrogenases in isoleucine and valine metabolism. Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Nov;67(5):1095-103. Epub 2000 Sep 29. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gibson KM, Burlingame TG, Hogema B, Jakobs C, Schutgens RB, Millington D, Roe CR, Roe DS, Sweetman L, Steiner RD, Linck L, Pohowalla P, Sacks M, Kiss D, Rinaldo P, Vockley J: 2-Methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: a new inborn error of L-isoleucine metabolism. Pediatr Res. 2000 Jun;47(6):830-3. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 42 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 43 [top]
Enzyme 43 ID 7358
Enzyme 43 Name Very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase
Enzyme 43 Synonyms
  1. VLCS
  2. Very-long- chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase
  3. VLACS
  4. THCA-CoA ligase
  5. Fatty-acid- coenzyme A ligase, very long-chain 1
  6. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase
  7. Fatty acid transport protein 2
  8. FATP-2
  9. Solute carrier family 27 member 2
Enzyme 43 Gene Name SLC27A2
Enzyme 43 Protein Sequence >Very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase
MLSAIYTVLAGLLFLPLLVNLCCPYFFQDIGYFLKVAAVGRRVRSYGQRRPARTILRAFL
EKARQTPHKPFLLFRDETLTYAQVDRRSNQVARALHDHLGLRQGDCVALLMGNEPAYVWL
WLGLVKLGCAMACLNYNIRAKSLLHCFQCCGAKVLLVSPELQAAVEEILPSLKKDDVSIY
YVSRTSNTDGIDSFLDKVDEVSTEPIPESWRSEVTFSTPALYIYTSGTTGLPKAAMITHQ
RIWYGTGLTFVSGLKADDVIYITLPFYHSAALLIGIHGCIVAGATLALRTKFSASQFWDD
CRKYNVTVIQYIGELLRYLCNSPQKPNDRDHKVRLALGNGLRGDVWRQFVKRFGDICIYE
FYAATEGNIGFMNYARKVGAVGRVNYLQKKIITYDLIKYDVEKDEPVRDENGYCVRVPKG
EVGLLVCKITQLTPFNGYAGAKAQTEKKKLRDVFKKGDLYFNSGDLLMVDHENFIYFHDR
VGDTFRWKGENVATTEVADTVGLVDFVQEVNVYGVHVPDHEGRIGMASIKMKENHEFDGK
KLFQHIADYLPSYARPRFLRIQDTIEITGTFKHRKMTLVEEGFNPAVIKDALYFLDDTAK
MYVPMTEDIYNAISAKTLKL
Enzyme 43 Number of Residues 620
Enzyme 43 Molecular Weight 70313
Enzyme 43 Theoretical pI 8.56
Enzyme 43 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 43 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 43 Specific Function Acyl-CoA synthetase probably involved in bile acid metabolism. Proposed to activate C27 precurors of bile acids to their CoA thioesters derivatives before side chain cleavage via peroxisomal beta-oxidation occurs. In vitro, activates 3-alpha,7- alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate (THCA), the C27 precursor of cholic acid deriving from the de novo synthesis from cholesterol. Does not utilize C24 bile acids as substrates. In vitro, also activates long- and branched-chain fatty acids and may have additional roles in fatty acid metabolism. May be involved in translocation of long-chain fatty acids (LFCA) across membranes
Enzyme 43 Pathways
Enzyme 43 Reactions
  • ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA
Enzyme 43 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 43 Signals
  • 1-24
Enzyme 43 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 43 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 43 GenBank ID Protein 2653565 Link Image
Enzyme 43 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O14975 Link Image
Enzyme 43 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name S27A2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 43 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 43 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 43 Gene Sequence >1863 bp
ATGCTTTCCGCCATCTACACAGTCCTGGCGGGACTGCTGTTCCTGCCGCTCCTGGTGAAC
CTCTGCTGCCCATACTTCTTCCAGGACATAGGCTACTTCTTGAAGGTGGCCGCCGTGGGC
CGGAGGGTGCGCAGCTACGGGCAGCGGCGGCCGGCGCGCACCATCCTGCGGGCGTTCCTG
GAGAAAGCGCGCCAGACGCCACACAAGCCTTTTCTGCTCTTCCGCGACGAGACTCTCACC
TACGCGCAGGTGGACCGGCGCAGCAATCAAGTGGCCCGGGCGCTGCACGACCACCTCGGC
CTGCGCCAGGGAGACTGCGTGGCGCTCCTTATGGGTAACGAGCCGGCCTACGTGTGGCTG
TGGCTGGGGCTGGTGAAGCTGGGCTGTGCCATGGCGTGCCTCAATTACAACATCCGCGCG
AAGTCCCTGCTGCACTGCTTCCAGTGCTGCGGGGCGAAGGTGCTGCTGGTGTCGCCAGAA
CTACAAGCAGCTGTCGAAGAGATACTGCCAAGCCTTAAAAAAGATGATGTGTCCATCTAT
TATGTGAGCAGAACTTCTAACACAGATGGGATTGACTCTTTCCTGGACAAAGTGGATGAA
GTATCAACTGAACCTATCCCAGAGTCATGGAGGTCTGAAGTCACTTTTTCCACTCCTGCC
TTATACATTTATACTTCTGGAACCACAGGTCTTCCAAAAGCAGCCATGATCACTCATCAG
CGCATATGGTATGGAACTGGCCTCACTTTTGTAAGCGGATTGAAGGCAGATGATGTCATC
TATATCACTCTGCCCTTTTACCACAGTGCTGCACTACTGATTGGCATTCACGGATGTATT
GTGGCTGGTGCTACTCTTGCCTTGCGGACTAAATTTTCAGCCAGCCAGTTTTGGGATGAC
TGCAGAAAATACAACGTCACTGTCATTCAGTATATCGGTGAACTGCTTCGGTATTTATGC
AACTCACCACAGAAACCAAATGACCGTGATCATAAAGTGAGACTGGCACTGGGAAATGGC
TTACGAGGAGATGTGTGGAGACAATTTGTCAAGAGATTTGGGGACATATGCATCTATGAG
TTCTATGCTGCCACTGAAGGCAATATTGGATTTATGAATTATGCGAGAAAAGTTGGTGCT
GTTGGAAGAGTAAACTACCTACAGAAAAAAATCATAACTTATGACCTGATTAAATATGAT
GTGGAGAAAGATGAACCTGTCCGAGATGAAAATGGATATTGCGTCAGAGTTCCCAAAGGT
GAAGTTGGACTTCTGGTTTGCAAAATCACACAACTTACACCATTTAATGGCTATGCTGGA
GCAAAGGCTCAGACAGAGAAGAAAAAACTGAGAGATGTCTTTAAGAAAGGAGACCTCTAT
TTCAACAGTGGAGATCTCTTAATGGTTGACCATGAAAATTTCATCTATTTCCACGACAGA
GTTGGAGATACATTCCGGTGGAAAGGGGAAAATGTGGCCACCACTGAAGTTGCTGATACA
GTTGGACTGGTTGATTTTGTCCAAGAAGTAAATGTTTATGGAGTGCATGTGCCAGATCAT
GAGGGTCGCATTGGCATGGCCTCCATCAAAATGAAAGAAAACCATGAATTTGATGGAAAG
AAACTCTTTCAGCACATTGCTGATTACCTACCTAGTTATGCAAGGCCCCGGTTTCTAAGA
ATACAGGACACCATTGAGATCACTGGAACTTTTAAACACCGCAAAATGACCCTGGTGGAG
GAGGGCTTTAACCCTGCTGTCATCAAAGATGCCTTGTATTTCTTGGATGACACAGCAAAA
ATGTATGTGCCTATGACTGAGGACATCTATAATGCCATAAGTGCTAAAACCCTGAAACTC
TGA
Enzyme 43 GenBank Gene ID D88308 Link Image
Enzyme 43 GeneCard ID SLC27A2 Link Image
Enzyme 43 GenAtlas ID SLC27A2 Link Image
Enzyme 43 HGNC ID HGNC:10996 Link Image
Enzyme 43 Chromosome Location 15
Enzyme 43 Locus 15q21.2
Enzyme 43 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 43 General References
  1. Steinberg SJ, Wang SJ, Kim DG, Mihalik SJ, Watkins PA: Human very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase: cloning, topography, and relevance to branched-chain fatty acid metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Apr 13;257(2):615-21. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 43 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 44 [top]
Enzyme 44 ID 7657
Enzyme 44 Name Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Enzyme 44 Synonyms
  1. PPAR-gamma
Enzyme 44 Gene Name PPARG
Enzyme 44 Protein Sequence >Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
MGETLGDSPIDPESDSFTDTLSANISQEMTMVDTEMPFWPTNFGISSVDLSVMEDHSHSF
DIKPFTTVDFSSISTPHYEDIPFTRTDPVVADYKYDLKLQEYQSAIKVEPASPPYYSEKT
QLYNKPHEEPSNSLMAIECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLNC
RIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQAEKEKLLAEISSDIDQLNPESADLR
ALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKIKFKHITPLQE
QSKEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYAKSIPGFVNLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLAS
LMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPFGDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVII
LSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQLKLNHPESSQLFAKLLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQL
LQVIKKTETDMSLHPLLQEIYKDLY
Enzyme 44 Number of Residues 505
Enzyme 44 Molecular Weight 57621
Enzyme 44 Theoretical pI 5.77
Enzyme 44 GO Classification
Function
  • DNA binding
  • binding
  • ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
  • nucleic acid binding
  • receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • steroid hormone receptor activity
  • transcription factor activity
Process
  • regulation of biological process
  • regulation of cellular metabolism
  • regulation of metabolism
  • regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
  • regulation of physiological process
  • regulation of transcription
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bound organelle
  • membrane-bound organelle
  • nucleus
  • organelle
Enzyme 44 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 44 Specific Function Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis
Enzyme 44 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 44 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 44 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 44 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 44 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 44 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 44 GenBank ID Protein 1711117 Link Image
Enzyme 44 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P37231 Link Image
Enzyme 44 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PPARG_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 44 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 44 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 44 Gene Sequence >1518 bp
ATGGGTGAAACTCTGGGAGATTCTCCTATTGACCCAGAAAGCGATTCCTTCACTGATACA
CTGTCTGCAAACATATCACAAGAAATGACCATGGTTGACACAGAGATGCCATTCTGGCCC
ACCAACTTTGGGATCAGCTCCGTGGATCTCTCCGTAATGGAAGACCACTCCCACTCCTTT
GATATCAAGCCCTTCACTACTGTTGACTTCTCCAGCATTTCTACTCCACATTACGAAGAC
ATTCCATTCACAAGAACAGATCCAGTGGTTGCAGATTACAAGTATGACCTGAAACTTCAA
GAGTACCAAAGTGCAATCAAAGTGGAGCCTGCATCTCCACCTTATTATTCTGAGAAGACT
CAGCTCTACAATAAGCCTCATGAAGAGCCTTCCAACTCCCTCATGGCAATTGAATGTCGT
GTCTGTGGAGATAAAGCTTCTGGATTTCACTATGGAGTTCATGCTTGTGAAGGATGCAAG
GGTTTCTTCCGGAGAACAATCAGATTGAAGCTTATCTATGACAGATGTGATCTTAACTGT
CGGATCCACAAAAAAAGTAGAAATAAATGTCAGTACTGTCGGTTTCAGAAATGCCTTGCA
GTGGGGATGTCTCATAATGCCATCAGGTTTGGGCGGATGCCACAGGCCGAGAAGGAGAAG
CTGTTGGCGGAGATCTCCAGTGATATCGACCAGCTGAATCCAGAGTCCGCTGACCTCCGG
GCCCTGGCAAAACATTTGTATGACTCATACATAAAGTCCTTCCCGCTGACCAAAGCAAAG
GCGAGGGCGATCTTGACAGGAAAGACAACAGACAAATCACCATTCGTTATCTATGACATG
AATTCCTTAATGATGGGAGAAGATAAAATCAAGTTCAAACACATCACCCCCCTGCAGGAG
CAGAGCAAAGAGGTGGCCATCCGCATCTTTCAGGGCTGCCAGTTTCGCTCCGTGGAGGCT
GTGCAGGAGATCACAGAGTATGCCAAAAGCATTCCTGGTTTTGTAAATCTTGACTTGAAC
GACCAAGTAACTCTCCTCAAATATGGAGTCCACGAGATCATTTACACAATGCTGGCCTCC
TTGATGAATAAAGATGGGGTTCTCATATCCGAGGGCCAAGGCTTCATGACAAGGGAGTTT
CTAAAGAGCCTGCGAAAGCCTTTTGGTGACTTTATGGAGCCCAAGTTTGAGTTTGCTGTG
AAGTTCAATGCACTGGAATTAGATGACAGCGACTTGGCAATATTTATTGCTGTCATTATT
CTCAGTGGAGACCGCCCAGGTTTGCTGAATGTGAAGCCCATTGAAGACATTCAAGACAAC
CTGCTACAAGCCCTGGAGCTCCAGCTGAAGCTGAACCACCCTGAGTCCTCACAGCTGTTT
GCCAAGCTGCTCCAGAAAATGACAGACCTCAGACAGATTGTCACGGAACACGTGCAGCTA
CTGCAGGTGATCAAGAAGACGGAGACAGACATGAGTCTTCACCCGCTCCTGCAGGAGATC
TACAAGGACTTGTACTAG
Enzyme 44 GenBank Gene ID U79012 Link Image
Enzyme 44 GeneCard ID PPARG Link Image
Enzyme 44 GenAtlas ID PPARG Link Image
Enzyme 44 HGNC ID HGNC:9236 Link Image
Enzyme 44 Chromosome Location 3
Enzyme 44 Locus 3p25
Enzyme 44 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 44 General References
  1. Mukherjee R, Jow L, Croston GE, Paterniti JR Jr: Identification, characterization, and tissue distribution of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms PPARgamma2 versus PPARgamma1 and activation with retinoid X receptor agonists and antagonists. J Biol Chem. 1997 Mar 21;272(12):8071-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Elbrecht A, Chen Y, Cullinan CA, Hayes N, Leibowitz M, Moller DE, Berger J: Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of human peroxisome proliferator activated receptors gamma 1 and gamma 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Jul 16;224(2):431-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Yanase T, Yashiro T, Takitani K, Kato S, Taniguchi S, Takayanagi R, Nawata H: Differential expression of PPAR gamma1 and gamma2 isoforms in human adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Apr 17;233(2):320-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Greene ME, Blumberg B, McBride OW, Yi HF, Kronquist K, Kwan K, Hsieh L, Greene G, Nimer SD: Isolation of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma cDNA: expression in hematopoietic cells and chromosomal mapping. Gene Expr. 1995;4(4-5):281-99. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Okazawa H, Mori H, Tamori Y, Araki S, Niki T, Masugi J, Kawanishi M, Kubota T, Shinoda H, Kasuga M: No coding mutations are detected in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene in Japanese patients with lipoatrophic diabetes. Diabetes. 1997 Nov;46(11):1904-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Lambe KG, Tugwood JD: A human peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is activated by inducers of adipogenesis, including thiazolidinedione drugs. Eur J Biochem. 1996 Jul 1;239(1):1-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Caira F, Antonson P, Pelto-Huikko M, Treuter E, Gustafsson JA: Cloning and characterization of RAP250, a novel nuclear receptor coactivator. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 25;275(8):5308-17. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Shao W, Halachmi S, Brown M: ERAP140, a conserved tissue-specific nuclear receptor coactivator. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 May;22(10):3358-72. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Gampe RT Jr, Montana VG, Lambert MH, Miller AB, Bledsoe RK, Milburn MV, Kliewer SA, Willson TM, Xu HE: Asymmetry in the PPARgamma/RXRalpha crystal structure reveals the molecular basis of heterodimerization among nuclear receptors. Mol Cell. 2000 Mar;5(3):545-55. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Yen CJ, Beamer BA, Negri C, Silver K, Brown KA, Yarnall DP, Burns DK, Roth J, Shuldiner AR: Molecular scanning of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (hPPAR gamma) gene in diabetic Caucasians: identification of a Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 missense mutation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Dec 18;241(2):270-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Ristow M, Muller-Wieland D, Pfeiffer A, Krone W, Kahn CR: Obesity associated with a mutation in a genetic regulator of adipocyte differentiation. N Engl J Med. 1998 Oct 1;339(14):953-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Hamann A, Munzberg H, Buttron P, Busing B, Hinney A, Mayer H, Siegfried W, Hebebrand J, Greten H: Missense variants in the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene in lean and obese subjects. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999 Jul;141(1):90-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Sarraf P, Mueller E, Smith WM, Wright HM, Kum JB, Aaltonen LA, de la Chapelle A, Spiegelman BM, Eng C: Loss-of-function mutations in PPAR gamma associated with human colon cancer. Mol Cell. 1999 Jun;3(6):799-804. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Barroso I, Gurnell M, Crowley VE, Agostini M, Schwabe JW, Soos MA, Maslen GL, Williams TD, Lewis H, Schafer AJ, Chatterjee VK, O'Rahilly S: Dominant negative mutations in human PPARgamma associated with severe insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Nature. 1999 Dec 23-30;402(6764):880-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Agarwal AK, Garg A: A novel heterozygous mutation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene in a patient with familial partial lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jan;87(1):408-11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 44 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 45 [top]
Enzyme 45 ID 7694
Enzyme 45 Name Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
Enzyme 45 Synonyms
  1. PPAR-alpha
Enzyme 45 Gene Name PPARA
Enzyme 45 Protein Sequence >Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
MVDTESPLCPLSPLEAGDLESPLSEEFLQEMGNIQEISQSIGEDSSGSFGFTEYQYLGSC
PGSDGSVITDTLSPASSPSSVTYPVVPGSVDESPSGALNIECRICGDKASGYHYGVHACE
GCKGFFRRTIRLKLVYDKCDRSCKIQKKNRNKCQYCRFHKCLSVGMSHNAIRFGRMPRSE
KAKLKAEILTCEHDIEDSETADLKSLAKRIYEAYLKNFNMNKVKARVILSGKASNNPPFV
IHDMETLCMAEKTLVAKLVANGIQNKEAEVRIFHCCQCTSVETVTELTEFAKAIPGFANL
DLNDQVTLLKYGVYEAIFAMLSSVMNKDGMLVAYGNGFITREFLKSLRKPFCDIMEPKFD
FAMKFNALELDDSDISLFVAAIICCGDRPGLLNVGHIEKMQEGIVHVLRLHLQSNHPDDI
FLFPKLLQKMADLRQLVTEHAQLVQIIKKTESDAALHPLLQEIYRDMY
Enzyme 45 Number of Residues 468
Enzyme 45 Molecular Weight 52226
Enzyme 45 Theoretical pI 6.20
Enzyme 45 GO Classification
Function
  • DNA binding
  • binding
  • ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
  • nucleic acid binding
  • receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • steroid hormone receptor activity
  • transcription factor activity
Process
  • regulation of biological process
  • regulation of cellular metabolism
  • regulation of metabolism
  • regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
  • regulation of physiological process
  • regulation of transcription
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bound organelle
  • membrane-bound organelle
  • nucleus
  • organelle
Enzyme 45 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 45 Specific Function Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids
Enzyme 45 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 45 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 45 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 45 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 45 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 45 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 45 GenBank ID Protein 307341 Link Image
Enzyme 45 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q07869 Link Image
Enzyme 45 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PPARA_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 45 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 45 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 45 Gene Sequence >1407 bp
ATGGTGGACACGGAAAGCCCACTCTGCCCCCTCTCCCCACTCGAGGCCGGCGATCTAGAG
AGCCCGTTATCTGAAGAGTTCCTGCAAGAAATGGGAAACATCCAAGAGATTTCGCAATCC
ATCGGCGAGGATAGTTCTGGAAGCTTTGGCTTTACGGAATACCAGTATTTAGGAAGCTGT
CCTGGCTCAGATGGCTCGGTCATCACGGACACGCTTTCACCAGCTTCGAGCCCCTCCTCG
GTGACTTATCCTGTGGTCCCCGGCAGCGTGGACGAGTCTCCCAGTGGAGCATTGAACATC
GAATGTAGAATCTGCGGGGACAAGGCCTCAGGCTATCATTACGGAGTCCACGCGTGTGAA
GGCTGCAAGGGCTTCTTTCGGCGAACGATTCGACTCAAGCTGGTGTATGACAAGTGCGAC
CGCAGCTGCAAGATCCAGAAAAAGAACAGAAACAAATGCCAGTATTGTCGATTTCACAAG
TGCCTTTCTGTCGGGATGTCACACAACGCGATTCGTTTTGGACGAATGCCAAGATCTGAG
AAAGCAAAACTGAAAGCAGAAATTCTTACCTGTGAACATGACATAGAAGATTCTGAAACT
GCAGATCTCAAATCTCTGGCCAAGAGAATCTACGAGGCCTACTTGAAGAACTTCAACATG
AACAAGGTCAAAGCCCGGGTCATCCTCTCAGGAAAGGCCAGTAACAATCCACCTTTTGTC
ATACATGATATGGAGACACTGTGTATGGCTGAGAAGACGCTGGTGGCCAAGCTGGTGGCC
AATGGCATCCAGAACAAGGAGGTGGAGGTCCGCATCTTTCACTGCTGCCAGTGCACGTCA
GTGGAGACCGTCACGGAGCTCACGGAATTCGCCAAGGCCATCCCAGCGTTCGCAAACTTG
GACCTGAACGATCAAGTGACATTGCTAAAATACGGAGTTTATGAGGCCATATTCGCCATG
CTGTCTTCTGTGATGAACAAAGACGGGATGCTGGTAGCGTATGGAAATGGGTTTATAACT
CGTGAATTCCTAAAAAGCCTAAGGAAACCGTTCTGTGATATCATGGAACCCAAGTTTGAT
TTTGCCATGAAGTTCAATGCACTGGAACTGGATGACAGTGATATCTCCCTTTTTGTGGCT
GCTATCATTTGCTGTGGAGATCGTCCTGGCCTTCTAAACGTAGGACACATTGAAAAAATG
CAGGAGGGTATTGTACATGTGCTCAGACTCCACCTGCAGAGCAACCACCCGGACGATATC
TTTCTCTTCCCAAAACTTCTTCAAAAAATGGCAGACCTCCGGCAGCTGGTGACGGAGCAT
GCGCAGCTGGTGCAGATCATCAAGAAGACGGAGTCGGATGCTGCGCTGCACCCGCTACTG
CAGGAGATCTACAGGGACATGTACTGA
Enzyme 45 GenBank Gene ID L02932 Link Image
Enzyme 45 GeneCard ID PPARA Link Image
Enzyme 45 GenAtlas ID PPARA Link Image
Enzyme 45 HGNC ID HGNC:9232 Link Image
Enzyme 45 Chromosome Location 22
Enzyme 45 Locus 22q12-q13.1|22q13.31
Enzyme 45 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 45 General References
  1. Sher T, Yi HF, McBride OW, Gonzalez FJ: cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, and functional characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor. Biochemistry. 1993 Jun 1;32(21):5598-604. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Mukherjee R, Jow L, Noonan D, McDonnell DP: Human and rat peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) demonstrate similar tissue distribution but different responsiveness to PPAR activators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1994 Nov;51(3-4):157-66. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Tugwood JD, Aldridge TC, Lambe KG, Macdonald N, Woodyatt NJ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: structures and function. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Dec 27;804:252-65. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Li H, Gomes PJ, Chen JD: RAC3, a steroid/nuclear receptor-associated coactivator that is related to SRC-1 and TIF2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Aug 5;94(16):8479-84. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Caira F, Antonson P, Pelto-Huikko M, Treuter E, Gustafsson JA: Cloning and characterization of RAP250, a novel nuclear receptor coactivator. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 25;275(8):5308-17. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 45 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 46 [top]
Enzyme 46 ID 7848
Enzyme 46 Name Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
Enzyme 46 Synonyms
  1. PPAR-delta
  2. PPAR- beta
  3. Nuclear hormone receptor 1
  4. NUC1
  5. NUCI
Enzyme 46 Gene Name PPARD
Enzyme 46 Protein Sequence >Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
MEQPQEEAPEVREEEEKEEVAEAEGAPELNGGPQHALPSSSYTDLSRSSSPPSLLDQLQM
GCDGASCGSLNMECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRMKLEYEKCERSCKIQKK
NRNKCQYCRFQKCLALGMSHNAIRFGRMPEAEKRKLVAGLTANEGSQYNPQVADLKAFSK
HIYNAYLKNFNMTKKKARSILTGKASHTAPFVIHDIETLWQAEKGLVWKQLVNGLPPYKE
ISVHVFYRCQCTTVETVRELTEFAKSIPSFSSLFLNDQVTLLKYGVHEAIFAMLASIVNK
DGLLVANGSGFVTREFLRSLRKPFSDIIEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLALFIAAIILCGD
RPGLMNVPRVEAIQDTILRALEFHLQANHPDAQYLFPKLLQKMADLRQLVTEHAQMMQRI
KKTETETSLHPLLQEIYKDMY
Enzyme 46 Number of Residues 441
Enzyme 46 Molecular Weight 49904
Enzyme 46 Theoretical pI 7.65
Enzyme 46 GO Classification
Function
  • DNA binding
  • binding
  • ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
  • nucleic acid binding
  • receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • steroid hormone receptor activity
  • transcription factor activity
Process
  • regulation of biological process
  • regulation of cellular metabolism
  • regulation of metabolism
  • regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
  • regulation of physiological process
  • regulation of transcription
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bound organelle
  • membrane-bound organelle
  • nucleus
  • organelle
Enzyme 46 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 46 Specific Function Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand
Enzyme 46 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 46 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 46 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 46 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 46 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 46 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 46 GenBank ID Protein 190230 Link Image
Enzyme 46 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q03181 Link Image
Enzyme 46 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PPARD_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 46 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 46 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 46 Gene Sequence >1326 bp
ATGGAGCAGCCACAGGAGGAAGCCCCTGAGGTCCGGGAAGAGGAGGAGAAAGAGGAAGTG
GCAGAGGCAGAAGGAGCCCCAGAGCTCAATGGGGGACCACAGCATGCACTTCCTTCCAGC
AGCTACACAGACCTCTCCCGGAGCTCCTCGCCACCCTCACTGCTGGACCAACTGCAGATG
GGCTGTGACGGGGCCTCATGCGGCAGCCTCAACATGGAGTGCCGGGTGTGCGGGGACAAG
GCATCGGGCTTCCACTACGGTGTTCATGCATGTGAGGGGTGCAAGGGCTTCTTCCGTCGT
ACGATCCGCATGAAGCTGGAGTACGAGAAGTGTGAGCGCAGCTGCAAGATTCAGAAGAAG
AACCGCAACAAGTGCCAGTACTGCCGCTTCCAGAAGTGCCTGGCACTGGGCATGTCACAC
AACGCTATCCGTTTTGGTCGGATGCCGGAGGCTGAGAAGAGGAAGCTGGTGGCAGGGCTG
ACTGCAAACGAGGGGAGCCAGTACAACCCACAGGTGGCCGACCTGAAGGCCTTCTCCAAG
CACATCTACAATGCCTACCTGAAAAACTTCAACATGACCAAAAAGAAGGCCCGCAGCATC
CTCACCGGCAAAGCCAGCCACACGGCGCCCTTTGTGATCCACGACATCGAGACATTGTGG
CAGGCAGAGAAGGGGCTGGTGTGGAAGCAGTTGGTGAATGGCCTGCCTCCCTACAAGGAG
ATCAGCGTGCACGTCTTCTACCGCTGCCAGTGCACCACAGTGGAGACCGTGCGGGAGCTC
ACTGAGTTCGCCAAGAGCATCCCCAGCTTCAGCAGCCTCTTCCTCAACGACCAGGTTACC
CTTCTCAAGTATGGCGTGCACGAGGCCATCTTCGCCATGCTGGCCTCTATCGTCAACAAG
GACGGGCTGCTGGTAGCCAACGGCAGTGGCTTTGTCACCCGTGAGTTCCTGCGCAGCCTC
CGCAAACCCTTCAGTGATATCATTGAGCCTAAGTTTGAATTTGCTGTCAAGTTCAACGCC
CTGGAACTTGATGACAGTGACCTGGCCCTATTCATTGCGGCCATCATTCTGTGTGGAGAC
CGGCCAGGCCTCATGAACGTTCCACGGGTGGAGGCTATCCAGGACACCATCCTGCGTGCC
CTCGAATTCCACCTGCAGGCCAACCACCCTGATGCCCAGTACCTCTTCCCCAAGCTGCTG
CAGAAGATGGCTGACCTGCGGCAACTGGTCACCGAGCACGCCCAGATGATGCAGCGGATC
AAGAAGACCGAAACCGAGACCTCGCTGCACCCTCTGCTCCAGGAGATCTACAAGGACATG
TACTAA
Enzyme 46 GenBank Gene ID L07592 Link Image
Enzyme 46 GeneCard ID PPARD Link Image
Enzyme 46 GenAtlas ID PPARD Link Image
Enzyme 46 HGNC ID HGNC:9235 Link Image
Enzyme 46 Chromosome Location 6
Enzyme 46 Locus 6p21.2-p21.1
Enzyme 46 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 46 General References
  1. Schmidt A, Endo N, Rutledge SJ, Vogel R, Shinar D, Rodan GA: Identification of a new member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily that is activated by a peroxisome proliferator and fatty acids. Mol Endocrinol. 1992 Oct;6(10):1634-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Skogsberg J, Kannisto K, Roshani L, Gagne E, Hamsten A, Larsson C, Ehrenborg E: Characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta gene and its expression. Int J Mol Med. 2000 Jul;6(1):73-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 46 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 47 [top]
Enzyme 47 ID 7861
Enzyme 47 Name Acyl-CoA-binding protein
Enzyme 47 Synonyms
  1. ACBP
  2. Diazepam-binding inhibitor
  3. DBI
  4. Endozepine
  5. EP
Enzyme 47 Gene Name DBI
Enzyme 47 Protein Sequence >Acyl-CoA-binding protein
MSQAEFEKAAEEVRHLKTKPSDEEMLFIYGHYKQATVGDINTERPGMLDFTGKAKWDAWN
ELKGTSKEDAMKAYINKVEELKKKYGI
Enzyme 47 Number of Residues 87
Enzyme 47 Molecular Weight 10044
Enzyme 47 Theoretical pI 6.54
Enzyme 47 GO Classification
Function
  • acyl-CoA binding
  • binding
  • fatty acid binding
  • lipid binding
Process
Component
Enzyme 47 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 47 Specific Function Binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters with very high affinity and may function as an intracellular carrier of acyl-CoA esters. It is also able to displace diazepam from the benzodiazepine (BZD) recognition site located on the GABA type A receptor. It is therefore possible that this protein also acts as a neuropeptide to modulate the action of the GABA receptor
Enzyme 47 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 47 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 47 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 47 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 47 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 47 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 47 GenBank ID Protein 181478 Link Image
Enzyme 47 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P07108 Link Image
Enzyme 47 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACBP_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 47 PDB ID 1NVL Link Image
Enzyme 47 PDB File Show
Enzyme 47 3D Structure
Enzyme 47 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 47 Gene Sequence >315 bp
ATGTGGGGCGACCTCTGGCTCCTCCCGCCTGCCTCTGCCAATCCGGGCACTGGGACAGAG
GCTGAGTTTGAGAAAGCTGCAGAGGAGGTTAGGCACCTTAAGACCAAGCCATCGGATGAG
GAGATGCTGTTCATCTATGGCCACTACAAACAAGCAACTGTGGGCGACATAAATACAGAA
CGGCCCGGGATGTTGGACTTCACGGGCAAGGCCAAGTGGGATGCCTGGAATGAGCTGAAA
GGGACTTCCAAGGAAGATGCCATGAAAGCTTACATCAACAAAGTAGAAGAGCTAAAGAAA
AAATACGGGATATGA
Enzyme 47 GenBank Gene ID M14200 Link Image
Enzyme 47 GeneCard ID DBI Link Image
Enzyme 47 GenAtlas ID DBI Link Image
Enzyme 47 HGNC ID HGNC:2690 Link Image
Enzyme 47 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 47 Locus 2q12-q21
Enzyme 47 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 47 General References
  1. Webb NR, Rose TM, Malik N, Marquardt H, Shoyab M, Todaro GJ, Lee DC: Bovine and human cDNA sequences encoding a putative benzodiazepine receptor ligand. DNA. 1987 Feb;6(1):71-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gray PW, Glaister D, Seeburg PH, Guidotti A, Costa E: Cloning and expression of cDNA for human diazepam binding inhibitor, a natural ligand of an allosteric regulatory site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(19):7547-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Marquardt H, Todaro GJ, Shoyab M: Complete amino acid sequences of bovine and human endozepines. Homology with rat diazepam binding inhibitor. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jul 25;261(21):9727-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Kolmer M, Rovio A, Alho H: The characterization of two diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) transcripts in humans. Biochem J. 1995 Mar 1;306 ( Pt 2):327-30. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 47 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 48 [top]
Enzyme 48 ID 8205
Enzyme 48 Name Fatty acid-binding protein, heart
Enzyme 48 Synonyms
  1. H-FABP
  2. Heart-type fatty acid- binding protein
  3. Muscle fatty acid-binding protein
  4. M-FABP
  5. Mammary-derived growth inhibitor
  6. MDGI
Enzyme 48 Gene Name FABP3
Enzyme 48 Protein Sequence >Fatty acid-binding protein, heart
MVDAFLGTWKLVDSKNFDDYMKSLGVGFATRQVASMTKPTTIIEKNGDILTLKTHSTFKN
TEISFKLGVEFDETTADDRKVKSIVTLDGGKLVHLQKWDGQETTLVRELIDGKLILTLTH
GTAVCTRTYEKEA
Enzyme 48 Number of Residues 133
Enzyme 48 Molecular Weight 14858
Enzyme 48 Theoretical pI 6.80
Enzyme 48 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • lipid binding
Process
  • cellular physiological process
  • physiological process
  • transport
Component
Enzyme 48 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 48 Specific Function FABP are thought to play a role in the intracellular transport of long-chain fatty acids and their acyl-CoA esters
Enzyme 48 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 48 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 48 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 48 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 48 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 48 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 48 GenBank ID Protein 31293 Link Image
Enzyme 48 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P05413 Link Image
Enzyme 48 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name FABPH_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 48 PDB ID 1G5W Link Image
Enzyme 48 PDB File Show
Enzyme 48 3D Structure
Enzyme 48 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 48 Gene Sequence >402 bp
ATGGTGGACGCTTTCCTGGGCACCTGGAAGCTAGTGGACAGCAAGAATTTCGATGACTAC
ATGAAGTCACTCGGTGTGGGTTTTGCTACCAGGCAGGTGGCCAGCATGACCAAGCCTACC
ACAATCATCGAAAAGAATGGGGACATTCTCACCCTAAAAACACACAGCACCTTCAAGAAC
ACAGAGATCAGCTTTAAGTTGGGGGTGGAGTTCGATGAGACAACAGCAGATGACAGGAAG
GTCAAGTCCATTGTGACACTGGATGGAGGGAAACTTGTTCACCTGCAGAAATGGGACGGG
CAAGAGACCACACTTGTGCGGGAGCTAATTGATGGAAAACTCATCCTGACACTCACCCAC
GGCACTGCAGTTTGCACTCGCACTTACGAGAAAGAGGCATGA
Enzyme 48 GenBank Gene ID X56549 Link Image
Enzyme 48 GeneCard ID FABP3 Link Image
Enzyme 48 GenAtlas ID FABP3 Link Image
Enzyme 48 HGNC ID HGNC:3557 Link Image
Enzyme 48 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 48 Locus 1p33-p32
Enzyme 48 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 48 General References
  1. Peeters RA, Veerkamp JH, Geurts van Kessel A, Kanda T, Ono T: Cloning of the cDNA encoding human skeletal-muscle fatty-acid-binding protein, its peptide sequence and chromosomal localization. Biochem J. 1991 May 15;276 ( Pt 1):203-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Offner GD, Brecher P, Sawlivich WB, Costello CE, Troxler RF: Characterization and amino acid sequence of a fatty acid-binding protein from human heart. Biochem J. 1988 May 15;252(1):191-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Borchers T, Hojrup P, Nielsen SU, Roepstorff P, Spener F, Knudsen J: Revision of the amino acid sequence of human heart fatty acid-binding protein. Mol Cell Biochem. 1990 Oct 15-Nov 8;98(1-2):127-33. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Troxler RF, Offner GD, Jiang JW, Wu BL, Skare JC, Milunsky A, Wyandt HE: Localization of the gene for human heart fatty acid binding protein to chromosome 1p32-1p33. Hum Genet. 1993 Dec;92(6):563-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Kovalyov LI, Shishkin SS, Efimochkin AS, Kovalyova MA, Ershova ES, Egorov TA, Musalyamov AK: The major protein expression profile and two-dimensional protein database of human heart. Electrophoresis. 1995 Jul;16(7):1160-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Zanotti G, Scapin G, Spadon P, Veerkamp JH, Sacchettini JC: Three-dimensional structure of recombinant human muscle fatty acid-binding protein. J Biol Chem. 1992 Sep 15;267(26):18541-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Young AC, Scapin G, Kromminga A, Patel SB, Veerkamp JH, Sacchettini JC: Structural studies on human muscle fatty acid binding protein at 1.4 A resolution: binding interactions with three C18 fatty acids. Structure. 1994 Jun 15;2(6):523-34. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 48 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 49 [top]
Enzyme 49 ID 8524
Enzyme 49 Name 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase epsilon
Enzyme 49 Synonyms
  1. 1-AGP acyltransferase 5
  2. 1-AGPAT 5
  3. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase epsilon
  4. LPAAT-epsilon
  5. 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 5
Enzyme 49 Gene Name AGPAT5
Enzyme 49 Protein Sequence >1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase epsilon
MLLSLVLHTYSMRYLLPSVVLLGTAPTYVLAWGVWRLLSAFLPARFYQALDDRLYCVYQS
MVLFFFENYTGVQILLYGDLPKNKENIIYLANHQSTVDWIVADILAIRQNALGHVRYVLK
EGLKWLPLYGCYFAQHGGIYVKRSAKFNEKEMRNKLQSYVDAGTPMYLVIFPEGTRYNPE
QTKVLSASQAFAAQRGLAVLKHVLTPRIKATHVAFDCMKNYLDAIYDVTVVYEGKDDGGQ
RRESPTMTEFLCKECPKIHIHIDRIDKKDVPEEQEHMRRWLHERFEIKDKMLIEFYESPD
PERRKRFPGKSVNSKLSIKKTLPSMLILSGLTAGMLMTDAGRKLYVNTWIYGTLLGCLWV
TIKA
Enzyme 49 Number of Residues 364
Enzyme 49 Molecular Weight 42073
Enzyme 49 Theoretical pI 9.41
Enzyme 49 GO Classification
Function
  • acyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 49 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 49 Specific Function Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone
Enzyme 49 Pathways
Enzyme 49 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Enzyme 49 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 49 Signals
  • 1-31
Enzyme 49 Transmembrane Regions
  • 15-35 61-81 344-364
Enzyme 49 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 49 GenBank ID Protein 14161585 Link Image
Enzyme 49 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9NUQ2 Link Image
Enzyme 49 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PLCE_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 49 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 49 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 49 Gene Sequence >1095 bp
ATGCTGCTGTCCCTGGTGCTCCACACGTACTCCATGCGCTACCTGCTGCCCAGCGTCGTG
CTCCTGGGCACGGCGCCCACCTACGTGTTGGCCTGGGGGGTCTGGCGGCTGCTCTCCGCC
TTCCTGCCCGCCCGCTTCTACCAAGCGCTGGACGACCGGCTCTACTGCGTCTACCAGAGC
ATGGTGCTCTTCTTCTTCGAGAATTACACCGGGGTCCAGATATTGCTATATGGAGATTTG
CCAAAAAATAAAGAAAATATAATATATTTAGCAAATCATCAAAGCACAGTTGACTGGATT
GTTGCTGACATCTTGGCCATCAGGCAGAATGCGCTAGGACATGTGCGCTACGTGCTGAAA
GAAGGGTTAAAATGGCTGCCATTGTATGGGTGTTACTTTGCTCAGCATGGAGGAATCTAT
GTAAAGCGCAGTGCCAAATTTAACGAGAAAGAGATGCGAAACAAGTTGCAGAGCTACGTG
GACGCAGGAACTCCAATGTATCTTGTGATTTTTCCAGAAGGTACAAGGTATAATCCAGAG
CAAACAAAAGTCCTTTCAGCTAGTCAGGCATTTGCTGCCCAACGTGGCCTTGCAGTATTA
AAACATGTGCTAACACCACGAATAAAGGCAACTCACGTTGCTTTTGATTGCATGAAGAAT
TATTTAGATGCAATTTATGATGTTACGGTGGTTTATGAAGGGAAAGACGATGGAGGGCAG
CGAAGAGAGTCACCGACCATGACGGAATTTCTCTGCAAAGAATGTCCAAAAATTCATATT
CACATTGATCGTATCGACAAAAAAGATGTCCCAGAAGAACAAGAACATATGAGAAGATGG
CTGCATGAACGTTTCGAAATCAAAGATAAGATGCTTATAGAATTTTATGAGTCACCAGAT
CCAGAAAGAAGAAAAAGATTTCCTGGGAAAAGTGTTAATTCCAAATTAAGTATCAAGAAG
ACTTTACCATCAATGTTGATCTTAAGTGGTTTGACTGCAGGCATGCTTATGACCGATGCT
GGAAGGAAGCTGTATGTGAACACCTGGATATATGGAACCCTACTTGGCTGCCTGTGGGTT
ACTATTAAAGCATAG
Enzyme 49 GenBank Gene ID AF375789 Link Image
Enzyme 49 GeneCard ID AGPAT5 Link Image
Enzyme 49 GenAtlas ID AGPAT5 Link Image
Enzyme 49 HGNC ID HGNC:20886 Link Image
Enzyme 49 Chromosome Location 8
Enzyme 49 Locus 8p23.1
Enzyme 49 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 49 General References
  1. Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Bocher M, Blocker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Dusterhoft A, Beyer A, Kohrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwalder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A: Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. Genome Res. 2001 Mar;11(3):422-35. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 49 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 50 [top]
Enzyme 50 ID 8587
Enzyme 50 Name Bile acyl-CoA synthetase
Enzyme 50 Synonyms
  1. BACS
  2. Bile acid CoA ligase
  3. BA-CoA ligase
  4. BAL
  5. Cholate--CoA ligase
  6. Very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase homolog 2
  7. VLCSH2
  8. VLCS-H2
  9. Very long chain acyl-CoA synthetase-related protein
  10. VLACS-related
  11. VLACSR
  12. Fatty-acid- coenzyme A ligase, very long-chain 3
  13. Fatty acid transport protein 5
  14. FATP-5
  15. Solute carrier family 27 member 5
Enzyme 50 Gene Name SLC27A5
Enzyme 50 Protein Sequence >Bile acyl-CoA synthetase
MGVRQQLALLLLLLLLLWGLGQPVWPVAVALTLRWLLGDPTCCVLLGLAMLARPWLGPWV
PHGLSLAAAALALTLLPARLPPGLRWLPADVIFLAKILHLGLKIRGCLSRQPPDTFVDAF
ERRARAQPGRALLVWTGPGAGSVTFGELDARACQAAWALKAELGDPASLCAGEPTALLVL
ASQAVPALCMWLGLAKLGCPTAWINPHGRGMPLAHSVLSSGARVLVVDPDLRESLEEILP
KLQAENIRCFYLSHTSPTPGVGALGAALDAAPSHPVPADLRAGITWRSPALFIYTSGTTG
LPKPAILTHERVLQMSKMLSLSGATADDVVYTVLPLYHVMGLVVGILGCLDLGATCVLAP
KFSTSCFWDDCRQHGVTVILYVGELLRYLCNIPQQPEDRTHTVRLAMGNGLRADVWETFQ
QRFGPIRIWEVYGSTEGNMGLVNYVGRCGALGKMSCLLRMLSPFELVQFDMEAAEPVRDN
QGFCIPVGLGEPGLLLTKVVSQQPFVGYRGPRELSERKLVRNVRQSGDVYYNTGDVLAMD
REGFLYFRDRLGDTFRWKGENVSTHEVEGVLSQVDFLQQVNVYGVCVPGCEGKVGMAAVQ
LAPGQTFDGEKLYQHVRAWLPAYATPHFIRIQDAMEVTSTFKLMKTRLVREGFNVGIVVD
PLFVLDNRAQSFRPLTAEMYQAVCEGTWRL
Enzyme 50 Number of Residues 690
Enzyme 50 Molecular Weight 75386
Enzyme 50 Theoretical pI 7.70
Enzyme 50 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 50 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 50 Specific Function Acyl-CoA synthetase involved in bile acid metabolism. Proposed to catalyze the first step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi by activating them to their CoA thioesters. Seems to activate secondary bile acids entering the liver from the enterohepatic circulation. In vitro, also activates 3-alpha,7- alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate (THCA), the C27 precursor of cholic acid deriving from the de novo synthesis from cholesterol
Enzyme 50 Pathways
Enzyme 50 Reactions
  • ATP + cholate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + choloyl-CoA
Enzyme 50 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 50 Signals
  • 1-21
Enzyme 50 Transmembrane Regions
  • 9-29 31-51 56-76
Enzyme 50 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 50 GenBank ID Protein 4768277 Link Image
Enzyme 50 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9Y2P5 Link Image
Enzyme 50 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name S27A5_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 50 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 50 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 50 Gene Sequence >2073 bp
ATGGGTGTCAGGCAACAGTTGGCCTTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTCCTGCTCTGGGGCCTG
GGGCAGCCAGTGTGGCCAGTCGCTGTGGCCTTGACCCTGCGCTGGCTCCTGGGGGATCCC
ACATGTTGCGTGCTACTTGGGCTGGCCATGTTAGCACGGCCCTGGCTCGGCCCCTGGGTG
CCCCATGGGCTGAGCCTGGCAGCTGCGGCCCTGGCACTAACCCTCCTGCCAGCACGGCTG
CCCCCAGGACTACGCTGGCTGCCGGCTGATGTGATCTTCTTGGCCAAGATCCTCCACCTG
GGCCTGAAGATCAGGGGATGCTTGAGCCGGCAGCCGCCTGACACCTTTGTAGATGCCTTC
GAGCGGCGAGCACGAGCGCAGCCTGGCAGGGCACTCTTGGTGTGGACGGGGCCTGGGGCC
GGCTCAGTCACCTTTGGTGAGCTGGATGCCCGGGCCTGCCAGGCGGCATGGGCCCTGAAG
GCTGAGCTGGGTGACCCTGCGAGCCTGTGTGCCGGGGAGCCTACTGCCCTCCTTGTGCTG
GCTTCCCAGGCCGTTCCAGCCCTGTGTATGTGGCTGGGGCTGGCCAAGCTGGGCTGCCCA
ACAGCCTGGATCAACCCGCATGGCCGGGGGATGCCCCTGGCGCACTCTGTGCTGAGCTCT
GGGGCCCGGGTGCTGGTGGTGGACCCAGACCTCCGGGAGAGCCTGGAGGAGATCCTTCCC
AAGCTGCAGGCTGAGAACATCCGCTGCTTCTACCTCAGCCATACCTCCCCTACACCAGGG
GTGGGGGCTCTGGGGGCTGCCCTGGATGCAGCGCCCTCCCACCCAGTGCCTGCTGACCTG
CGTGCTGGGATCACATGGAGAAGCCCTGCCCTCTTCATCTATACCTCGGGGACCACTGGC
CTCCCGAAGCCAGCCATCCTCACGCATGAGCGGGTACTGCAGATGAGCAAGATGCTGTCC
TTATCTGGGGCCACAGCTGATGATGTGGTTTACACGGTCCTGCCTCTGTACCACGTGATG
GGACTTGTCGTTGGGATCCTCGGCTGCTTAGATCTCGGAGCCACCTGTGTTCTGGCCCCC
AAGTTCTCTACTTCCTGCTTCTGGGATGACTGTCGGCAGCATGGCGTGACAGTGATCCTG
TATGTGGGCGAGCTCCTGCGGTACTTGTGTAACATTCCCCAGCAACCAGAGGACCGGACA
CATACAGTCCGCCTGGCAATGGGCAATGGACTACGGGCTGATGTGTGGGAGACCTTCCAG
CAGCGCTTCGGTCCTATTCGGATCTGGGAAGTCTACGGCTCCACAGAAGGCAACATGGGC
TTAGTCAACTATGTGGGGCGCTGCGGGGCCCTGGGCAAGATGAGCTGCCTCCTCCGAATG
CTGTCCCCCTTTGAGCTGGTGCAGTTCGACATGGAGGCGGCGGAGCCTGTGAGGGACAAT
CAGGGCTTCTGCATCCCTGTAGGGCTAGGGGAGCCGGGGCTGCTGCTGACCAAGGTGGTA
AGCCAGCAACCCTTCGTGGGCTACCGCGGCCCCCGAGAGCTGTCGGAACGGAAGCTGGTG
CGCAACGTGCGGCAATCGGGCGACGTTTACTACAACACCGGGGACGTACTGGCCATGGAC
CGCGAAGGCTTCCTCTACTTCCGCGACCGCCTCGGGGACACCTTCCGATGGAAGGGCGAG
AACGTGTCCACGCACGAGGTGGAGGGCGTGTTGTCGCAGGTGGACTTCTTGCAACAGGTT
AACGTGTATGGCGTGTGCGTGCCAGGTTGTGAGGGTAAGGTGGGCATGGCTGCTGTGCAG
CTAGCCCCCGGCCAGACTTTCGACGGGGAGAAGTTGTACCAGCACGTTCGCGCTTGGCTC
CCTGCCTACGCTACCCCCCATTTCATCCGCATCCAGGACGCCATGGAGGTCACCAGCACG
TTCAAACTGATGAAGACCCGGTTGGTGCGTGAGGGCTTCAATGTGGGGATCGTGGTTGAC
CCTCTGTTTGTACTGGACAACCGGGCCCAGTCCTTCCGGCCCCTGACGGCAGAAATGTAC
CAGGCTGTGTGTGAGGGAACCTGGAGGCTCTGA
Enzyme 50 GenBank Gene ID AF064255 Link Image
Enzyme 50 GeneCard ID SLC27A5 Link Image
Enzyme 50 GenAtlas ID SLC27A5 Link Image
Enzyme 50 HGNC ID HGNC:10999 Link Image
Enzyme 50 Chromosome Location 19
Enzyme 50 Locus 19q13.43
Enzyme 50 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 50 General References
  1. Steinberg SJ, Wang SJ, McGuinness MC, Watkins PA: Human liver-specific very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase: cDNA cloning and characterization of a second enzymatically active protein. Mol Genet Metab. 1999 Sep;68(1):32-42. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 50 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 51 [top]
Enzyme 51 ID 8614
Enzyme 51 Name Lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 51 Synonyms
  1. Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue
  2. 2-methylpropanoyltransferase
  3. E2
  4. Dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase
  5. BCKAD E2 subunit
Enzyme 51 Gene Name DBT
Enzyme 51 Protein Sequence >Lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial precursor
MAAVRMLRTWSRNAGKLICVRYFQTCGNVHVLKPNYVCFFGYPSFKYSHPHHFLKTTAAL
RGQVVQFKLSDIGEGIREVTVKEWYVKEGDTVSQFDSICEVQSDKASVTITSRYDGVIKK
LYYNLDDIAYVGKPLVDIETEALKDSEEDVVETPAVSHDEHTHQEIKGRKTLATPAVRRL
AMENNIKLSEVVGSGKDGRILKEDILNYLEKQTGAILPPSPKVEIMPPPPKPKDMTVPIL
VSKPPVFTGKDKTEPIKGFQKAMVKTMSAALKIPHFGYCDEIDLTELVKLREELKPIAFA
RGIKLSFMPFFLKAASLGLLQFPILNASVDENCQNITYKASHNIGIAMDTEQGLIVPNVK
NVQICSIFDIATELNRLQKLGSVGQLSTTDLTGGTFTLSNIGSIGGTFAKPVIMPPEVAI
GALGSIKAIPRFNQKGEVYKAQIMNVSWSADHRVIDGATMSRFSNLWKSYLENPAFMLLD
LK
Enzyme 51 Number of Residues 482
Enzyme 51 Molecular Weight 53488
Enzyme 51 Theoretical pI 8.75
Enzyme 51 GO Classification
Function
  • acyltransferase activity
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • protein binding
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups
Process
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 51 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 51 Specific Function The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components:branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)
Enzyme 51 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 51 Reactions
  • 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine
Enzyme 51 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 51 Signals
  • 1-15
Enzyme 51 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 51 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 51 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 51 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P11182 Link Image
Enzyme 51 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ODB2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 51 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 51 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 51 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 51 GenBank Gene ID X66785 Link Image
Enzyme 51 GeneCard ID DBT Link Image
Enzyme 51 GenAtlas ID DBT Link Image
Enzyme 51 HGNC ID HGNC:2698 Link Image
Enzyme 51 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 51 Locus 1p31
Enzyme 51 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 51 General References
  1. Lau KS, Chuang JL, Herring WJ, Danner DJ, Cox RP, Chuang DT: The complete cDNA sequence for dihydrolipoyl transacylase (E2) of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Oct 20;1132(3):319-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Hummel KB, Litwer S, Bradford AP, Aitken A, Danner DJ, Yeaman SJ: Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for branched chain acyltransferase with analysis of the deduced protein structure. J Biol Chem. 1988 May 5;263(13):6165-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Danner DJ, Litwer S, Herring WJ, Pruckler J: Construction and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the full-length preprotein for human branched chain acyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1989 May 5;264(13):7742-6. [