Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Expected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:09 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0001359 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0006504
- HMDB01359
- HMDB06504
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Phytanoyl-CoA |
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Description | Phytanoyl CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of phytanic acid. Phytanic acid is present in human diet or in animal tissues where it may be derived from chlorophyll in plant extracts. Specifically it is an epimeric metabolite of the isoprenoid side chain of chlorophyll. Owing to the presence of its epimeric beta-methyl group, phytanic acid cannot be metabolized by beta-oxidation. Instead, it is metabolized in peroxisomes via alpha-oxidation to give pristanic acid, which is then oxidized by beta-oxidation. PhyH (phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase) catalyses hydroxylation of phytanoyl-CoA. Mutations of PhyH can lead to phytanic acid accumulation. High levels of phytanic acid are found in patients suffering from Refsum's syndrome. This inherited neurological disorder is characterized by an accumulation of phytanic acid in blood and tissues. Clinically it is characterized by adult onset retinitis pigmentosa, anosmia, sensory neuropathy, and phytanic acidaemia. This disorder has been found to be related to deficiency in the α-oxidation pathway in the liver. (PMID: 17956235 ). Phytanoyl CoA and other branched-chain fatty acid CoA products are potent inducers of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARalpha, a nuclear receptor that enhances transcription of peroxisomal enzymes mediating beta-oxidation of these potentially toxic fatty acids (PMID: 16768463 ). Pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase are strongly inhibited by phytanoyl-CoA. Decreased activity of these important mitochondrial metabolism complexes might therefore contribute to neurological symptoms upon accumulation of phytanic acid in Refsum disease (PMID: 16737698 ). |
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Structure | CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N InChI=1S/C41H74N7O17P3S/c1-26(2)11-8-12-27(3)13-9-14-28(4)15-10-16-29(5)21-32(50)69-20-19-43-31(49)17-18-44-39(53)36(52)41(6,7)23-62-68(59,60)65-67(57,58)61-22-30-35(64-66(54,55)56)34(51)40(63-30)48-25-47-33-37(42)45-24-46-38(33)48/h24-30,34-36,40,51-52H,8-23H2,1-7H3,(H,43,49)(H,44,53)(H,57,58)(H,59,60)(H2,42,45,46)(H2,54,55,56)/t27-,28-,29+,30-,34-,35-,36?,40-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl hexadecanoyl CoA | HMDB | 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl hexadecanoyl coenzyme A | HMDB | Phytanoyl CoA | HMDB | Phytanoyl coenzyme A | HMDB | Phytanoyl-coenzyme A | HMDB | Phytanyl CoA | HMDB | Phytanyl coenzyme A | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C41H74N7O17P3S |
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Average Molecular Weight | 1062.049 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 1061.407474203 |
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IUPAC Name | {[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({hydroxy[3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(3S,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propoxy]phosphoryl}oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid |
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Traditional Name | [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-[({hydroxy[hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(3S,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propoxy)phosphoryl]oxyphosphoryl}oxy)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 146622-45-9 |
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SMILES | CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C41H74N7O17P3S/c1-26(2)11-8-12-27(3)13-9-14-28(4)15-10-16-29(5)21-32(50)69-20-19-43-31(49)17-18-44-39(53)36(52)41(6,7)23-62-68(59,60)65-67(57,58)61-22-30-35(64-66(54,55)56)34(51)40(63-30)48-25-47-33-37(42)45-24-46-38(33)48/h24-30,34-36,40,51-52H,8-23H2,1-7H3,(H,43,49)(H,44,53)(H,57,58)(H,59,60)(H2,42,45,46)(H2,54,55,56)/t27-,28-,29+,30-,34-,35-,36?,40-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | NRJQGHHZMSOUEN-IYJVDCLDSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acyl coas. These are acyl CoAs where the group acylated to the coenzyme A moiety is a long aliphatic chain of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Fatty Acyls |
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Sub Class | Fatty acyl thioesters |
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Direct Parent | Long-chain fatty acyl CoAs |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Coenzyme a or derivatives
- Purine ribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate
- Purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate
- Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate
- Diterpenoid
- Pentose phosphate
- Ribonucleoside 3'-phosphate
- Pentose-5-phosphate
- Beta amino acid or derivatives
- Glycosyl compound
- N-glycosyl compound
- Pentose monosaccharide
- 6-aminopurine
- Monosaccharide phosphate
- Organic pyrophosphate
- Imidazopyrimidine
- Purine
- Aminopyrimidine
- Monoalkyl phosphate
- Organic phosphoric acid derivative
- Imidolactam
- Alkyl phosphate
- Pyrimidine
- Phosphoric acid ester
- Monosaccharide
- Fatty amide
- N-substituted imidazole
- N-acyl-amine
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Imidazole
- Azole
- Secondary alcohol
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Thiocarboxylic acid ester
- Amino acid or derivatives
- Carbothioic s-ester
- Carboxamide group
- Azacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Sulfenyl compound
- Thiocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Oxacycle
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Carbonyl group
- Primary amine
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organopnictogen compound
- Alcohol
- Amine
- Organosulfur compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | |
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Process | |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | | Show more...
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesNot Available | Show more...
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Spectra |
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| MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanoyl-CoA 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-4901110200-c8e2fb3674f9f0da45d7 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanoyl-CoA 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-1912130000-09f25ff6c40daa790a9c | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanoyl-CoA 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-1900010000-5ec62b87df52230c4540 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanoyl-CoA 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-01rx-9652431500-04d5c22d9e4fc31c0be8 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanoyl-CoA 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001l-5920210100-9766416a475cedb2730d | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanoyl-CoA 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-057i-5900100000-b16bf5536d8209fb8b47 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanoyl-CoA 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03di-9000000003-ffbd4b8db32357807b8f | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanoyl-CoA 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-9400000028-f96e20f26253411b4060 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanoyl-CoA 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0100390000-3eea46ca9905d8355789 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanoyl-CoA 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-9000000100-482574b4d2f10c2535c1 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanoyl-CoA 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03fu-9100101200-f50e099d92a0038c6df0 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Phytanoyl-CoA 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-056u-9204400301-256ca3412920b7458122 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | - Cytoplasm
- Extracellular
- Membrane
- Peroxisome
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Biospecimen Locations | Not Available |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | None |
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Associated OMIM IDs | None |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB022577 |
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KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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Chemspider ID | 388712 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C02060 |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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BiGG ID | 2364522 |
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Wikipedia Link | Phytanoyl-CoA |
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METLIN ID | 6189 |
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PubChem Compound | 439640 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 15538 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | CE5122 |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Kershaw, N. J.; Mukherji, M.; MacKinnon, C. H.; Claridge, T. D. W.; Odell, B.; Wierzbicki, A. S.; Lloyd, M. D.; Schofield, C. J. Studies on phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase and synthesis of phytanoyl-Coenzyme A. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2001) 11(18), 17 September 2001, p.2545-2548 |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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General References | - Bunik VI, Raddatz G, Wanders RJ, Reiser G: Brain pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes are mitochondrial targets of the CoA ester of the Refsum disease marker phytanic acid. FEBS Lett. 2006 Jun 12;580(14):3551-7. Epub 2006 May 24. [PubMed:16737698 ]
- Schofield CJ, McDonough MA: Structural and mechanistic studies on the peroxisomal oxygenase phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase (PhyH). Biochem Soc Trans. 2007 Nov;35(Pt 5):870-5. [PubMed:17956235 ]
- Hostetler HA, Kier AB, Schroeder F: Very-long-chain and branched-chain fatty acyl-CoAs are high affinity ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Biochemistry. 2006 Jun 20;45(24):7669-81. [PubMed:16768463 ]
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