1. 5-Methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine
2. Circadin
3. MT6
4. Melatol
5. Melatonin
6. Melatonin (synth.) standard-grade
7. Melatonin (synth.) ultra-pure
8. Melatonine
9. Melovine
10. N-(2-(5-Methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide
11. N-(2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide
12. N-(2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl)-Acetamide
13. N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine
14. N-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide
15. N-[2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide
16. N-[2-(5-Methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide
17. N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-Acetamide
18. N-[2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]-Acetamide
19. N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine
20. N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine Melatonine
21. Regulin
22. {N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-} Acetamide
23. {N-[2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]-} Acetamide

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• Cytoplasm

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Urine

1. Drake MJ, Mills IW, Noble JG: Melatonin pharmacotherapy for nocturia in men with benign prostatic enlargement. J Urol. 2004 Mar;171(3):1199-202. [PubMed ]
2. Slominski A, Pisarchik A, Zbytek B, Tobin DJ, Kauser S, Wortsman J: Functional activity of serotoninergic and melatoninergic systems expressed in the skin. J Cell Physiol. 2003 Jul;196(1):144-53. [PubMed ]
3. Lahiri DK, Chen D, Lahiri P, Rogers JT, Greig NH, Bondy S: Melatonin, metals, and gene expression: implications in aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec;1035:216-30. [PubMed ]
4. Bangha E, Lauth D, Kistler GS, Elsner P: Daytime serum levels of melatonin after topical application onto the human skin. Skin Pharmacol. 1997;10(5-6):298-302. [PubMed ]
5. Bubenik GA: Localization, physiological significance and possible clinical implication of gastrointestinal melatonin. Biol Signals Recept. 2001 Nov-Dec;10(6):350-66. [PubMed ]
6. Christofides J, Bridel M, Egerton M, Mackay GM, Forrest CM, Stoy N, Darlington LG, Stone TW: Blood 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and melatonin levels in patients with either Huntington's disease or chronic brain injury. J Neurochem. 2006 May;97(4):1078-88. Epub 2006 Mar 29. [PubMed ]
7. Abdel-Wahhab MA, Abdel-Galil MM, El-Lithey M: Melatonin counteracts oxidative stress in rats fed an ochratoxin A contaminated diet. J Pineal Res. 2005 Mar;38(2):130-5. [PubMed ]
8. Chen HM, Hsu JT, Chen JC, Ng CJ, Chiu DF, Chen MF: Delayed neutrophil apoptosis attenuated by melatonin in human acute pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2005 Nov;31(4):360-4. [PubMed ]
9. Fabis M, Pruszynska E, Mackowiak P: In vivo and in situ action of melatonin on insulin secretion and some metabolic implications in the rat. Pancreas. 2002 Aug;25(2):166-9. [PubMed ]
10. Messner M, Huether G, Lorf T, Ramadori G, Schworer H: Presence of melatonin in the human hepatobiliary-gastrointestinal tract. Life Sci. 2001 Jun 22;69(5):543-51. [PubMed ]
11. Nishida S: Metabolic effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus. Endocrine. 2005 Jul;27(2):131-6. [PubMed ]
12. Peschke E, Frese T, Chankiewitz E, Peschke D, Preiss U, Schneyer U, Spessert R, Muhlbauer E: Diabetic Goto Kakizaki rats as well as type 2 diabetic patients show a decreased diurnal serum melatonin level and an increased pancreatic melatonin-receptor status. J Pineal Res. 2006 Mar;40(2):135-43. [PubMed ]
13. Reiter RJ, Sainz RM, Lopez-Burillo S, Mayo JC, Manchester LC, Tan DX: Melatonin ameliorates neurologic damage and neurophysiologic deficits in experimental models of stroke. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 May;993:35-47; discussion 48-53. [PubMed ]
14. Okatani Y, Wakatsuki A, Shinohara K, Kaneda C, Fukaya T: Melatonin stimulates glutathione peroxidase activity in human chorion. J Pineal Res. 2001 May;30(4):199-205. [PubMed ]
15. Bubenik GA: Gastrointestinal melatonin: localization, function, and clinical relevance. Dig Dis Sci. 2002 Oct;47(10):2336-48. [PubMed ]
16. Wurtman RJ, Ozaki Y: Physiological control of melatonin synthesis and secretion: mechanisms, generating rhythms in melatonin, methoxytryptophol, and arginine vasotocin levels and effects on the pineal of endogenous catecholamines, the estrous cycle, and environmental lighting. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1978;(13):59-70. [PubMed ]
17. Kobayashi H, Kromminga A, Dunlop TW, Tychsen B, Conrad F, Suzuki N, Memezawa A, Bettermann A, Aiba S, Carlberg C, Paus R: A role of melatonin in neuroectodermal-mesodermal interactions: the hair follicle synthesizes melatonin and expresses functional melatonin receptors. FASEB J. 2005 Oct;19(12):1710-2. Epub 2005 Jul 19. [PubMed ]
18. Johe PD, Osterud B: The in vivo effect of melatonin on cellular activation processes in human blood during strenuous physical exercise. J Pineal Res. 2005 Oct;39(3):324-30. [PubMed ]
19. Paakkonen T, Makinen TM, Leppaluoto J, Vakkuri O, Rintamaki H, Palinkas LA, Hassi J: Urinary melatonin: a noninvasive method to follow human pineal function as studied in three experimental conditions. J Pineal Res. 2006 Mar;40(2):110-5. [PubMed ]
20. Atkinson G, Holder A, Robertson C, Gant N, Drust B, Reilly T, Waterhouse J: Effects of melatonin on the thermoregulatory responses to intermittent exercise. J Pineal Res. 2005 Nov;39(4):353-9. [PubMed ]
21. Wikipedia

1. Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase
2. Myeloperoxidase precursor
3. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
4. Cytochrome P450 2C9
5. Cytochrome P450 2C19
6. Cytochrome P450 1B1
7. Cytochrome P450 1A1
8. Cytochrome P450 1A2

1. HIOMT
2. Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
3. ASMT

MGSSEDQAYRLLNDYANGFMVSQVLFAACELGVFDLLAEAPGPLDVAAVAAGVRASAHGT
ELLLDICVSLKLLKVETRGGKAFYRNTELSSDYLTTVSPTSQCSMLKYMGRTSYRCWGHL
ADAVREGRNQYLETFGVPAEELFTAIYRSEGERLQFMQALQEVWSVNGRSVLTAFDLSVF
PLMCDLGGGAGALAKECMSLYPGCKITVFDIPEVVWTAKQHFSFQEEEQIDFQEGDFFKD
PLPEADLYILARVLHDWADGKCSHLLERIYHTCKPGGGILVIESLLDEDRRGPLLTQLYS
LNMLVQTEGQERTPTHYHMLLSSAGFRDFQFKKTGAIYDAILARK

• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

• S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-acetylserotonin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + melatonin

• Methyltransf_2 (PF00891 )

• None

• None

1. Rodriguez IR, Mazuruk K, Schoen TJ, Chader GJ: Structural analysis of the human hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase gene. Presence of two distinct promoters. J Biol Chem. 1994 Dec 16;269(50):31969-77. [PubMed ]
2. Donohue SJ, Roseboom PH, Illnerova H, Weller JL, Klein DC: Human hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase: presence of LINE-1 fragment in a cDNA clone and pineal mRNA. DNA Cell Biol. 1993 Oct;12(8):715-27. [PubMed ]

1. Minneman KP, Wurtman RJ: The pharmacology of the pineal gland. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1976;16:33-51. [PubMed ]

1. MPO[Contains: 89 kDa myeloperoxidase
2. 84 kDa myeloperoxidase
3. Myeloperoxidase light chain
4. Myeloperoxidase heavy chain]

MGVPFFSSLRCMVDLGPCWAGGLTAEMKLLLALAGLLAILATPQPSEGAAPAVLGEVDTS
LVLSSMEEAKQLVDKAYKERRESIKQRLRSGSASPMELLSYFKQPVAATRTAVRAADYLH
VALDLLERKLRSLWRRPFNVTDVLTPAQLNVLSKSSGCAYQDVGVTCPEQDKYRTITGMC
NNRRSPTLGASNRAFVRWLPAEYEDGFSLPYGWTPGVKRNGFPVALARAVSNEIVRFPTD
QLTPDQERSLMFMQWGQLLDHDLDFTPEPAARASFVTGVNCETSCVQQPPCFPLKIPPND
PRIKNQADCIPFFRSCPACPGSNITIRNQINALTSFVDASMVYGSEEPLARNLRNMSNQL
GLLAVNQRFQDNGRALLPFDNLHDDPCLLTNRSARIPCFLAGDTRSSEMPELTSMHTLLL
REHNRLATELKSLNPRWDGERLYQEARKIVGAMVQIITYRDYLPLVLGPTAMRKYLPTYR
SYNDSVDPRIANVFTNAFRYGHTLIQPFMFRLDNRYQPMEPNPRVPLSRVFFASWRVVLE
GGIDPILRGLMATPAKLNRQNQIAVDEIRERLFEQVMRIGLDLPALNMQRSRDHGLPGYN
AWRRFCGLPQPETVGQLGTVLRNLKLARKLMEQYGTPNNIDIWMGGVSEPLKRKGRVGPL
LACIIGTQFRKLRDGDRFWWENEGVFSMQQRQALAQISLPRIICDNTGITTVSKNNIFMS
NSYPRDFVNCSTLPALNLASWREAS

• Arachidonic acid metabolism (map00590 )
• Methane metabolism (map00680 )
• Phenylalanine Metabolism (map00360 )
• Stilbene, coumarine and lignin biosynthesis (map00940 )

• donor + H2O2 = oxidized donor + 2 H2O

• An_peroxidase (PF03098 )

• None

• None

ATGGGGGTTCCCTTCTTCTCTTCTCTCAGATGCATGGTGGACTTAGGACCTTGCTGGGCT
GGGGGTCTCACTGCAGAGATGAAGCTGCTTCTGGCCCTAGCAGGGCTCCTGGCCATTCTG
GCCACGCCCCAGCCCTCTGAAGGTGCTGCTCCAGCTGTCCTGGGGGAGGTGGACACCTCG
TTGGTGCTGAGCTCCATGGAGGAGGCCAAGCAGCTGGTGGACAAGGCCTACAAGGAGCGG
CGGGAAAGCATCAAGCAGCGGCTTCGCAGCGGCTCAGCCAGCCCCATGGAACTCCTATCC
TACTTCAAGCAGCCGGTGGCAGCCACCAGGACGGCGGTGAGGGCCGCTGACTACCTGCAC
GTGGCTCTAGACCTGCTGGAGAGGAAGCTGCGGTCCCTGTGGCGAAGGCCATTCAATGTC
ACTGATGTGCTGACGCCCGCCCAGCTGAATGTGTTGTCCAAGTCAAGCGGCTGCGCCTAC
CAGGACGTGGGGGTGACTTGCCCGGAGCAGGACAAATACCGCACCATCACCGGGATGTGC
AACAACAGACGCAGCCCCACGCTGGGGGCCTCCAACCGTGCCTTTGTGCGCTGGCTGCCG
GCGGAGTATGAGGACGGCTTCTCTCTTCCCTACGGCTGGACGCCCGGGGTCAAGCGCAAC
GGCTTCCCGGTGGCTCTGGCTCGCGCGGTCTCCAACGAGATCGTGCGCTTCCCCACTGAT
CAGCTGACTCCGGACCAGGAGCGCTCACTCATGTTCATGCAATGGGGCCAGCTGTTGGAC
CACGACCTCGACTTCACCCCTGAGCCGGCCGCCCGGGCCTCCTTCGTCACTGGCGTCAAC
TGCGAGACCAGCTGCGTTCAGCAGCCGCCCTGCTTCCCGCTCAAGATCCCGCCCAATGAC
CCCCGCATCAAGAACCAAGCCGACTGCATCCCGTTCTTCCGCTCCTGCCCGGCTTGCCCC
GGGAGCAACATCACCATCCGCAACCAGATCAACGCGCTCACTTCCTTCGTGGACGCCAGC
ATGGTGTACGGCAGCGAGGAGCCCCTGGCCAGGAACCTGCGCAACATGTCCAACCAGCTG
GGGCTGCTGGCCGTCAACCAGCGCTTCCAAGACAACGGCCGGGCCCTGCTGCCCTTTGAC
AACCTGCACGATGACCCCTGTCTCCTCACCAACCGCTCAGCGCGCATCCCCTGCTTCCTG
GCAGGGGACACCCGTTCCAGTGAGATGCCCGAGCTCACCTCCATGCACACCCTCTTACTT
CGGGAGCACAACCGGCTGGCCACAGAGCTCAAGAGCCTGAACCCTAGGTGGGATGGGGAG
AGGCTCTACCAGGAAGCCCGGAAGATCGTGGGGGCCATGGTCCAGATCATCACTTACCGG
GACTACCTGCCCCTGGTGCTGGGGCCAACGGCCATGAGGAAGTACCTGCCCACGTACCGT
TCCTACAATGACTCAGTGGACCCACGCATCGCCAACGTCTTCACCAATGCCTTCCGCTAC
GGCCACACCCTCATCCAACCCTTCATGTTCCGCCTGGACAATCGGTACCAGCCCATGGAA
CCCAACCCCCGTGTCCCCCTCAGCAGGGTCTTTTTTGCCTCCTGGAGGGTCGTGCTGGAA
GGTGGCATTGACCCCATCCTCCGGGGCCTCATGGCCACCCCTGCCAAGCTGAATCGTCAG
AACCAAATTGCAGTGGATGAGATCCGGGAGCGATTGTTTGAGCAGGTCATGAGGATTGGG
CTGGACCTGCCTGCTCTGAACATGCAGCGCAGCAGGGACCACGGCCTCCCAGGATACAAT
GCCTGGAGGCGCTTCTGTGGGCTCCCGCAGCCTGAAACTGTGGGCCAGCTGGGCACGGTG
CTGAGGAACCTGAAATTGGCGAGGAAACTGATGGAGCAGTATGGCACGCCCAACAACATC
GACATCTGGATGGGCGGCGTGTCCGAGCCTCTGAAGCGCAAAGGCCGCGTGGGCCCACTC
CTCGCCTGCATCATCGGTACCCAGTTCAGGAAGCTCCGGGATGGTGATCGGTTTTGGTGG
GAGAACGAGGGTGTGTTCAGCATGCAGCAGCGACAGGCCCTGGCCCAGATCTCATTGCCC
CGGATCATCTGCGACAACACAGGCATCACCACCGTGTCTAAGAACAACATCTTCATGTCC
AACTCATATCCCCGGGACTTTGTCAACTGCAGTACACTTCCTGCATTGAACCTGGCTTCC
TGGAGGGAAGCCTCCTAG

1. Morishita K, Kubota N, Asano S, Kaziro Y, Nagata S: Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA for human myeloperoxidase. J Biol Chem. 1987 Mar 15;262(8):3844-51. [PubMed ]
2. Morishita K, Tsuchiya M, Asano S, Kaziro Y, Nagata S: Chromosomal gene structure of human myeloperoxidase and regulation of its expression by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. J Biol Chem. 1987 Nov 5;262(31):15208-13. [PubMed ]
3. Johnson KR, Nauseef WM, Care A, Wheelock MJ, Shane S, Hudson S, Koeffler HP, Selsted M, Miller C, Rovera G: Characterization of cDNA clones for human myeloperoxidase: predicted amino acid sequence and evidence for multiple mRNA species. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Mar 11;15(5):2013-28. [PubMed ]
4. Johnson K, Gemperlein I, Hudson S, Shane S, Rovera G: Complete nucleotide sequence of the human myeloperoxidase gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Oct 11;17(19):7985-6. [PubMed ]
5. Seto P, Hirayu H, Magnusson RP, Gestautas J, Portmann L, DeGroot LJ, Rapoport B: Isolation of a complementary DNA clone for thyroid microsomal antigen. Homology with the gene for thyroid peroxidase. J Clin Invest. 1987 Oct;80(4):1205-8. [PubMed ]
6. Hashinaka K, Nishio C, Hur SJ, Sakiyama F, Tsunasawa S, Yamada M: Multiple species of myeloperoxidase messenger RNAs produced by alternative splicing and differential polyadenylation. Biochemistry. 1988 Aug 9;27(16):5906-14. [PubMed ]
7. Hosokawa Y, Kawaguchi R, Hikiji K, Yamada M, Suzuki K, Nakagawa T, Yoshihara T, Yamaguchi K: Cloning and characterization of four types of cDNA encoding myeloperoxidase from human monocytic leukemia cell line, SKM-1. Leukemia. 1993 Mar;7(3):441-5. [PubMed ]
8. Yamada M, Yoshida M, Hashinaka K: Identification of transcriptional cis-elements in introns 7 and 9 of the myeloperoxidase gene. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jun 25;268(18):13479-85. [PubMed ]
9. Yamada M, Hur SJ, Hashinaka K, Tsuneoka K, Saeki T, Nishio C, Sakiyama F, Tsunasawa S: Isolation and characterization of a cDNA coding for human myeloperoxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1987 May 15;255(1):147-55. [PubMed ]
10. Yamada M, Hur SJ, Toda H: Isolation and characterization of extracellular myeloperoxidase precursor in HL-60 cell cultures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Jan 30;166(2):852-9. [PubMed ]
11. Fiedler TJ, Davey CA, Fenna RE: X-ray crystal structure and characterization of halide-binding sites of human myeloperoxidase at 1.8 A resolution. J Biol Chem. 2000 Apr 21;275(16):11964-71. [PubMed ]
12. Fenna R, Zeng J, Davey C: Structure of the green heme in myeloperoxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Jan 10;316(1):653-6. [PubMed ]
13. Blair-Johnson M, Fiedler T, Fenna R: Human myeloperoxidase: structure of a cyanide complex and its interaction with bromide and thiocyanate substrates at 1.9 A resolution. Biochemistry. 2001 Nov 20;40(46):13990-7. [PubMed ]
14. Kizaki M, Miller CW, Selsted ME, Koeffler HP: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) gene mutation in hereditary MPO deficiency. Blood. 1994 Apr 1;83(7):1935-40. [PubMed ]
15. Nauseef WM, Brigham S, Cogley M: Hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency due to a missense mutation of arginine 569 to tryptophan. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 14;269(2):1212-6. [PubMed ]
16. Nauseef WM, Cogley M, McCormick S: Effect of the R569W missense mutation on the biosynthesis of myeloperoxidase. J Biol Chem. 1996 Apr 19;271(16):9546-9. [PubMed ]
17. DeLeo FR, Goedken M, McCormick SJ, Nauseef WM: A novel form of hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency linked to endoplasmic reticulum/proteasome degradation. J Clin Invest. 1998 Jun 15;101(12):2900-9. [PubMed ]
18. Romano M, Dri P, Dadalt L, Patriarca P, Baralle FE: Biochemical and molecular characterization of hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency. Blood. 1997 Nov 15;90(10):4126-34. [PubMed ]

1. Ferry G, Ubeaud C, Lambert PH, Bertin S, Coge F, Chomarat P, Delagrange P, Serkiz B, Bouchet JP, Truscott RJ, Boutin JA: Molecular evidence that melatonin is enzymatically oxidized in a different manner than tryptophan: investigations with both indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and myeloperoxidase. Biochem J. 2005 May 15;388(Pt 1):205-15. [PubMed ]

1. IDO
2. Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase

MAHAMENSWTISKEYHIDEEVGFALPNPQENLPDFYNDWMFIAKHLPDLIESGQLRERVE
KLNMLSIDHLTDHKSQRLARLVLGCITMAYVWGKGHGDVRKVLPRNIAVPYCQLSKKLEL
PPILVYADCVLANWKKKDPNKPLTYENMDVLFSFRDGDCSKGFFLVSLLVEIAAASAIKV
IPTVFKAMQMQERDTLLKALLEIASCLEKALQVFHQIHDHVNPKAFFSVLRIYLSGWKGN
PQLSDGLVYEGFWEDPKEFAGGSAGQSSVFQCFDVLLGIQQTAGGGHAAQFLQDMRRYMP
PAHRNFLCSLESNPSVREFVLSKGDAGLREAYDACVKALVSLRSYHLQIVTKYILIPASQ
QPKENKTSEDPSKLEAKGTGGTDLMNFLKTVRSTTEKSLLKEG

• IDO (PF01231 )

• None

• None

ATGGCACACGCTATGGAAAACTCCTGGACAATCAGTAAAGAGTACCATATTGATGAAGAA
GTGGGCTTTGCTCTGCCAAATCCACAGGAAAATCTACCTGATTTTTATAATGACTGGATG
TTCATTGCTAAACATCTGCCTGATCTCATAGAGTCTGGCCAGCTTCGAGAAAGAGTTGAG
AAGTTAAACATGCTCAGCATTGATCATCTCACAGACCACAAGTCACAGCGCCTTGCACGT
CTAGTTCTGGGATGCATCACCATGGCATATGTGTGGGGCAAAGGTCATGGAGATGTCCGT
AAGGTCTTGCCAAGAAATATTGCTGTTCCTTACTGCCAACTCTCCAAGAAACTGGAACTG
CCTCCTATTTTGGTTTATGCAGACTGTGTCTTGGCAAACTGGAAGAAAAAGGATCCTAAT
AAGCCCCTGACTTATGAGAACATGGACGTTTTGTTCTCATTTCGTGATGGAGACTGCAGT
AAAGGATTCTTCCTGGTCTCTCTATTGGTGGAAATAGCAGCTGCTTCTGCAATCAAAGTA
ATTCCTACTGTATTCAAGGCAATGCAAATGCAAGAACGGGACACTTTGCTAAAGGCGCTG
TTGGAAATAGCTTCTTGCTTGGAGAAAGCCCTTCAAGTGTTTCACCAAATCCACGATCAT
GTGAACCCAAAAGCATTTTTCAGTGTTCTTCGCATATATTTGTCTGGCTGGAAAGGCAAC
CCCCAGCTATCAGACGGTCTGGTGTATGAAGGGTTCTGGGAAGACCCAAAGGAGTTTGCA
GGGGGCAGTGCAGGCCAAAGCAGCGTCTTTCAGTGCTTTGACGTCCTGCTGGGCATCCAG
CAGACTGCTGGTGGAGGACATGCTGCTCAGTTCCTCCAGGACATGAGAAGATATATGCCA
CCAGCTCACAGGAACTTCCTGTGCTCATTAGAGTCAAATCCCTCAGTCCGTGAGTTTGTC
CTTTCAAAAGGTGATGCTGGCCTGCGGGAAGCTTATGACGCCTGTGTGAAAGCTCTGGTC
TCCCTGAGGAGCTACCATCTGCAAATCGTGACTAAGTACATCCTGATTCCTGCAAGCCAG
CAGCCAAAGGAGAATAAGACCTCTGAAGACCCTTCAAAACTGGAAGCCAAAGGAACTGGA
GGCACTGATTTAATGAATTTCCTGAAGACTGTGAGAAGTACAACTGAGAAATCCCTTTTG
AAGGAAGGTTAA

1. Dai W, Gupta SL: Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of human interferon-gamma-inducible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Apr 16;168(1):1-8. [PubMed ]
2. Tone S, Takikawa O, Habara-Ohkubo A, Kadoya A, Yoshida R, Kido R: Primary structure of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jan 25;18(2):367. [PubMed ]
3. Kadoya A, Tone S, Maeda H, Minatogawa Y, Kido R: Gene structure of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Nov 30;189(1):530-6. [PubMed ]

1. Ferry G, Ubeaud C, Lambert PH, Bertin S, Coge F, Chomarat P, Delagrange P, Serkiz B, Bouchet JP, Truscott RJ, Boutin JA: Molecular evidence that melatonin is enzymatically oxidized in a different manner than tryptophan: investigations with both indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and myeloperoxidase. Biochem J. 2005 May 15;388(Pt 1):205-15. [PubMed ]

1. (R-limonene 6-monooxygenase
2. (S-limonene 6-monooxygenase
3. (S- limonene 7-monooxygenase
4. CYPIIC9
5. P450 PB-1
6. P450 MP-4/MP-8
7. S- mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase
8. P-450MP

MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDISKSLTNLSKV
YGPVFTLYFGLKPIVVLHGYEAVKEALIDLGEEFSGRGIFPLAERANRGFGIVFSNGKKW
KEIRRFSLMTLRNFGMGKRSIEDRVQEEARCLVEELRKTKASPCDPTFILGCAPCNVICS
IIFHKRFDYKDQQFLNLMEKLNENIKILSSPWIQICNNFSPIIDYFPGTHNKLLKNVAFM
KSYILEKVKEHQESMDMNNPQDFIDCFLMKMEKEKHNQPSEFTIESLENTAVDLFGAGTE
TTSTTLRYALLLLLKHPEVTAKVQEEIERVIGRNRSPCMQDRSHMPYTDAVVHEVQRYID
LLPTSLPHAVTCDIKFRNYLIPKGTTILISLTSVLHDNKEFPNPEMFDPHHFLDEGGNFK
KSKYFMPFSAGKRICVGEALAGMELFLFLTSILQNFNLKSLVDPKNLDTTPVVNGFASVP
PFYQLCFIPV

• Limonene and pinene degradation (map00903 )
• Monoterpenoid biosynthesis (map00902 )

• (+)-(R)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (+)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O

• p450 (PF00067 )

• 1-25

AGAGGATTTGGAATTGTTTTCAGCAATGGAAAGAAATGGAAGGAGATCCGGCGTTTCTCC
CTCATGACGCTGCGGAATTTTGGGATGGGGAAGAGGAGCATTGAGGACCGTGTTCAAGAG
GAAGCCCGCTGCCTTGTGGAGGAGTTGAGAAAAACCAAGGCCTCACCCTGTGATCCCACT
TTCATCCTGGGCTGTGCTCCCTGCAATGTGATCTGCTCCATTATTTTCCATAAACGTTTT
GATTATAAAGATCAGCAATTTCTTAACTTAATGGAAAAGTTGAATGAAAACATCAAGATT
TTGAGCAGCCCCTGGATCCAGATCTGCAATAATTTTTCTCCTATCATTGATTACTTCCCG
GGAACTCACAACAAATTACTTAAAAACGTTGCTTTTATGAAAAGTTATATTTTGGAAAAA
GTAAAAGAACACCAAGAATCAATGGACATGAACAACCCTCAGGACTTTATTGATTGCTTC
CTGATGAAAATGGAGAAGGAAAAGCACAACCAACCATCAGAATTTACTATTGAAAGCTTG
GAAAACACTGCAGTTGACTTGTTTGGAGCTGGGACAGAGACGACAAGCACAACCCTGAGA
TATGCTCTCCTTCTCCTGCTGAAGCACCCAGAGGTCACAGCTAAAGTCCAGGAAGAGATT
GAACGTGTGATTGGCAGAAACCGGAGCCCCTGCATGCAAGACAGGAGCCACATGCCCTAC
ACAGATGCTGTGGTGCACGAGGTCCAGAGATGCATTGACCTTCTCCCCACCAGCCTGCCC
CATGCAGTGACCTGTGACATTAAATTCAGAAACTATCTCATTCCCAAGGGCACAACCATA
TTAATTTCCCTGACTTCTGTGCTACATGACAACAAAGAATTTCCCAACCCAGAGATGTTT
GACCCTCATCACTTTCTGGATGAAGGTGGCAATTTTAAGAAAAGTAAATACTTCATGCCT
TTCTCAGCAGGAAAACGGATTTGTGTGGGAGAAGCCCTGGCCGGCATGGAGCTGTTTTTA
TTCCTGACCTCCATTTTACAGAACTTTAACCTGAAATCTCTGGTTGACCCAAAGAACCTT
GACACCACTCCAGTTGTCAATGGATTTGCCTCTGTGCCGCCCTTCTACCAGCTGTGCTTC
ATTCCTGTCTGA

1. Meehan RR, Gosden JR, Rout D, Hastie ND, Friedberg T, Adesnik M, Buckland R, van Heyningen V, Fletcher J, Spurr NK, et al.: Human cytochrome P-450 PB-1: a multigene family involved in mephenytoin and steroid oxidations that maps to chromosome 10. Am J Hum Genet. 1988 Jan;42(1):26-37. [PubMed ]
2. Kimura S, Pastewka J, Gelboin HV, Gonzalez FJ: cDNA and amino acid sequences of two members of the human P450IIC gene subfamily. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Dec 10;15(23):10053-4. [PubMed ]
3. Yasumori T, Kawano S, Nagata K, Shimada M, Yamazoe Y, Kato R: Nucleotide sequence of a human liver cytochrome P-450 related to the rat male specific form. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1987 Nov;102(5):1075-82. [PubMed ]
4. Umbenhauer DR, Martin MV, Lloyd RS, Guengerich FP: Cloning and sequence determination of a complementary DNA related to human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase. Biochemistry. 1987 Feb 24;26(4):1094-9. [PubMed ]
5. Ged C, Umbenhauer DR, Bellew TM, Bork RW, Srivastava PK, Shinriki N, Lloyd RS, Guengerich FP: Characterization of cDNAs, mRNAs, and proteins related to human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase. Biochemistry. 1988 Sep 6;27(18):6929-40. [PubMed ]
6. Ohgiya S, Komori M, Ohi H, Shiramatsu K, Shinriki N, Kamataki T: Six-base deletion occurring in messages of human cytochrome P-450 in the CYP2C subfamily results in reduction of tolbutamide hydroxylase activity. Biochem Int. 1992 Sep;27(6):1073-81. [PubMed ]
7. Shimada T, Misono KS, Guengerich FP: Human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase, a prototype of genetic polymorphism in oxidative drug metabolism. Purification and characterization of two similar forms involved in the reaction. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jan 15;261(2):909-21. [PubMed ]
8. Komori M, Hashizume T, Ohi H, Miura T, Kitada M, Nagashima K, Kamataki T: Cytochrome P-450 in human liver microsomes: high-performance liquid chromatographic isolation of three forms and their characterization. J Biochem. 1988 Dec;104(6):912-6. [PubMed ]
9. Srivastava PK, Yun CH, Beaune PH, Ged C, Guengerich FP: Separation of human liver microsomal tolbutamide hydroxylase and (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Mol Pharmacol. 1991 Jul;40(1):69-79. [PubMed ]
10. Haining RL, Hunter AP, Veronese ME, Trager WF, Rettie AE: Allelic variants of human cytochrome P450 2C9: baculovirus-mediated expression, purification, structural characterization, substrate stereoselectivity, and prochiral selectivity of the wild-type and I359L mutant forms. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1996 Sep 15;333(2):447-58. [PubMed ]
11. Sandhu P, Baba T, Guengerich FP: Expression of modified cytochrome P450 2C10 (2C9) in Escherichia coli, purification, and reconstitution of catalytic activity. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1993 Nov 1;306(2):443-50. [PubMed ]
12. Miyazawa M, Shindo M, Shimada T: Metabolism of (+)- and (-)-limonenes to respective carveols and perillyl alcohols by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 May;30(5):602-7. [PubMed ]
13. Williams PA, Cosme J, Ward A, Angove HC, Matak Vinkovic D, Jhoti H: Crystal structure of human cytochrome P450 2C9 with bound warfarin. Nature. 2003 Jul 24;424(6947):464-8. Epub 2003 Jul 13. [PubMed ]
14. Stubbins MJ, Harries LW, Smith G, Tarbit MH, Wolf CR: Genetic analysis of the human cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 locus. Pharmacogenetics. 1996 Oct;6(5):429-39. [PubMed ]
15. Bhasker CR, Miners JO, Coulter S, Birkett DJ: Allelic and functional variability of cytochrome P4502C9. Pharmacogenetics. 1997 Feb;7(1):51-8. [PubMed ]
16. Imai J, Ieiri I, Mamiya K, Miyahara S, Furuumi H, Nanba E, Yamane M, Fukumaki Y, Ninomiya H, Tashiro N, Otsubo K, Higuchi S: Polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 gene in Japanese epileptic patients: genetic analysis of the CYP2C9 locus. Pharmacogenetics. 2000 Feb;10(1):85-9. [PubMed ]
17. Dickmann LJ, Rettie AE, Kneller MB, Kim RB, Wood AJ, Stein CM, Wilkinson GR, Schwarz UI: Identification and functional characterization of a new CYP2C9 variant (CYP2C9*5) expressed among African Americans. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Aug;60(2):382-7. [PubMed ]
18. Higashi MK, Veenstra DL, Kondo LM, Wittkowsky AK, Srinouanprachanh SL, Farin FM, Rettie AE: Association between CYP2C9 genetic variants and anticoagulation-related outcomes during warfarin therapy. JAMA. 2002 Apr 3;287(13):1690-8. [PubMed ]

1. Mo SL, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Wei MQ, Zhou SF: New insights into the structural features and functional relevance of human cytochrome P450 2C9. Part I. Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Dec;10(10):1075-126. [PubMed ]

1. (R-limonene 6-monooxygenase
2. (S-limonene 6-monooxygenase
3. (S- limonene 7-monooxygenase
4. CYPIIC19
5. P450-11A
6. Mephenytoin 4- hydroxylase
7. CYPIIC17
8. P450-254C

MDPFVVLVLCLSCLLLLSIWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIDIKDVSKSLTNLSKI
YGPVFTLYFGLERMVVLHGYEVVKEALIDLGEEFSGRGHFPLAERANRGFGIVFSNGKRW
KEIRRFSLMTLRNFGMGKRSIEDRVQEEARCLVEELRKTKASPCDPTFILGCAPCNVICS
IIFQKRFDYKDQQFLNLMEKLNENIRIVSTPWIQICNNFPTIIDYFPGTHNKLLKNLAFM
ESDILEKVKEHQESMDINNPRDFIDCFLIKMEKEKQNQQSEFTIENLVITAADLLGAGTE
TTSTTLRYALLLLLKHPEVTAKVQEEIERVVGRNRSPCMQDRGHMPYTDAVVHEVQRYID
LIPTSLPHAVTCDVKFRNYLIPKGTTILTSLTSVLHDNKEFPNPEMFDPRHFLDEGGNFK
KSNYFMPFSAGKRICVGEGLARMELFLFLTFILQNFNLKSLIDPKDLDTTPVVNGFASVP
PFYQLCFIPV

• Limonene and pinene degradation (map00903 )
• Monoterpenoid biosynthesis (map00902 )

• (+)-(R)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (+)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O

• p450 (PF00067 )

• 1-25

ATGGATCCTTTTGTGGTCCTTGTGCTCTGTCTCTCATGTTTGCTTCTCCTTTCAATCTGG
AGACAGAGCTCTGGGAGAGGAAAACTCCCTCCTGGCCCCACTCCTCTCCCAGTGATTGGA
AATATCCTACAGATAGATATTAAGGATGTCAGCAAATCCTTAACCAATCTCTCAAAAATC
TATGGCCCTGTGTTCACTCTGTATTTTGGCCTGGAACGCATGGTGGTGCTGCATGGATAT
GAAGTGGTGAAGGAAGCCCTGATTGATCTTGGAGAGGAGTTTTCTGGAAGAGGCCATTTC
CCACTGGCTGAAAGAGCTAACAGAGGATTTGGAATCGTTTTCAGCAATGGAAAGAGATGG
AAGGAGATCCGGCGTTTCTCCCTCATGACGCTGCGGAATTTTGGGATGGGGAAGAGGAGC
ATTGAGGACCGTGTTCAAGAGGAAGCCCGCTGCCTTGTGGAGGAGTTGAGAAAAACCAAG
GCTTCACCCTGTGATCCCACTTTCATCCTGGGCTGTGCTCCCTGCAATGTGATCTGCTCC
ATTATTTTCCAGAAACGTTTCGATTATAAAGATCAGCAATTTCTTAACTTGATGGAAAAA
TTGAATGAAAACATCAGGATTGTAAGCACCCCCTGGATCCAGATATGCAATAATTTTCCC
ACTATCATTGATTATTTCCCGGGAACCCATAACAAATTACTTAAAAACCTTGCTTTTATG
GAAAGTGATATTTTGGAGAAAGTAAAAGAACACCAAGAATCGATGGACATCAACAACCCT
CGGGACTTTATTGATTGCTTCCTGATCAAAATGGAGAAGGAAAAGCAAAACCAACAGTCT
GAATTCACTATTGAAAACTTGGTAATCACTGCAGCTGACTTACTTGGAGCTGGGACAGAG
ACAACAAGCACAACCCTGAGATATGCTCTCCTTCTCCTGCTGAAGCACCCAGAGGTCACA
GCTAAAGTCCAGGAAGAGATTGAACGTGTCATTGGCAGAAACCGGAGCCCCTGCATGCAG
GACAGGGGCCACATGCCCTACACAGATGCTGTGGTGCACGAGGTCCAGAGATACATCGAC
CTCATCCCCACCAGCCTGCCCCATGCAGTGACCTGTGACGTTAAATTCAGAAACTACCTC
ATTCCCAAGGGCACAACCATATTAACTTCCCTCACTTCTGTGCTACATGACAACAAAGAA
TTTCCCAACCCAGAGATGTTTGACCCTCGTCACTTTCTGGATGAAGGTGGAAATTTTAAG
AAAAGTAACTACTTCATGCCTTTCTCAGCAGGAAAACGGATTTGTGTGGGAGAGGGCCTG
GCCCGCATGGAGCTGTTTTTATTCCTGACCTTCATTTTACAGAACTTTAACCTGAAATCT
CTGATTGACCCAAAGGACCTTGACACAACTCCTGTTGTCAATGGATTTGCTTCTGTCCCG
CCCTTCTATCAGCTGTGCTTCATTCCTGTCTGA

1. Romkes M, Faletto MB, Blaisdell JA, Raucy JL, Goldstein JA: Cloning and expression of complementary DNAs for multiple members of the human cytochrome P450IIC subfamily. Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 2;30(13):3247-55. [PubMed ]
2. Romkes M, Faletto MB, Blaisdell JA, Raucy JL, Goldstein JA: Cloning and expression of complementary DNAs for multiple members of the human cytochrome PH50IIC subfamily. Biochemistry. 1993 Feb 9;32(5):1390. [PubMed ]
3. Miyazawa M, Shindo M, Shimada T: Metabolism of (+)- and (-)-limonenes to respective carveols and perillyl alcohols by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 May;30(5):602-7. [PubMed ]
4. de Morais SM, Wilkinson GR, Blaisdell J, Nakamura K, Meyer UA, Goldstein JA: The major genetic defect responsible for the polymorphism of S-mephenytoin metabolism in humans. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 3;269(22):15419-22. [PubMed ]
5. De Morais SM, Wilkinson GR, Blaisdell J, Meyer UA, Nakamura K, Goldstein JA: Identification of a new genetic defect responsible for the polymorphism of (S)-mephenytoin metabolism in Japanese. Mol Pharmacol. 1994 Oct;46(4):594-8. [PubMed ]
6. Xiao ZS, Goldstein JA, Xie HG, Blaisdell J, Wang W, Jiang CH, Yan FX, He N, Huang SL, Xu ZH, Zhou HH: Differences in the incidence of the CYP2C19 polymorphism affecting the S-mephenytoin phenotype in Chinese Han and Bai populations and identification of a new rare CYP2C19 mutant allele. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Apr;281(1):604-9. [PubMed ]
7. Ibeanu GC, Goldstein JA, Meyer U, Benhamou S, Bouchardy C, Dayer P, Ghanayem BI, Blaisdell J: Identification of new human CYP2C19 alleles (CYP2C19*6 and CYP2C19*2B) in a Caucasian poor metabolizer of mephenytoin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1490-5. [PubMed ]
8. Ibeanu GC, Blaisdell J, Ghanayem BI, Beyeler C, Benhamou S, Bouchardy C, Wilkinson GR, Dayer P, Daly AK, Goldstein JA: An additional defective allele, CYP2C19*5, contributes to the S-mephenytoin poor metabolizer phenotype in Caucasians. Pharmacogenetics. 1998 Apr;8(2):129-35. [PubMed ]
9. Ibeanu GC, Blaisdell J, Ferguson RJ, Ghanayem BI, Brosen K, Benhamou S, Bouchardy C, Wilkinson GR, Dayer P, Goldstein JA: A novel transversion in the intron 5 donor splice junction of CYP2C19 and a sequence polymorphism in exon 3 contribute to the poor metabolizer phenotype for the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Aug;290(2):635-40. [PubMed ]

1. Huuhka K, Riutta A, Haataja R, Ylitalo P, Leinonen E: The effect of CYP2C19 substrate on the metabolism of melatonin in the elderly: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Sep;28(7):447-50. [PubMed ]

1. CYPIB1

MGTSLSPNDPWPLNPLSIQQTTLLLLLSVLATVHVGQRLLRQRRRQLRSAPPGPFAWPLI
GNAAAVGQAAHLSFARLARRYGDVFQIRLGSCPIVVLNGERAIHQALVQQGSAFADRPAF
ASFRVVSGGRSMAFGHYSEHWKVQRRAAHSMMRNFFTRQPRSRQVLEGHVLSEARELVAL
LVRGSADGAFLDPRPLTVVAVANVMSAVCFGCRYSHDDPEFRELLSHNEEFGRTVGAGSL
VDVMPWLQYFPNPVRTVFREFEQLNRNFSNFILDKFLRHCESLRPGAAPRDMMDAFILSA
EKKAAGDSHGGGARLDLENVPATITDIFGASQDTLSTALQWLLLLFTRYPDVQTRVQAEL
DQVVGRDRLPCMGDQPNLPYVLAFLYEAMRFSSFVPVTIPHATTANTSVLGYHIPKDTVV
FVNQWSVNHDPLKWPNPENFDPARFLDKDGLINKDLTSRVMIFSVGKRRCIGEELSKMQL
FLFISILAHQCDFRANPNEPAKMNFSYGLTIKPKSFKVNVTLRESMELLDSAVQNLQAKE
TCQ

• Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )
• gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane Degradation (map00361 )
• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

• RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O

• p450 (PF00067 )

• 1-36

ATGGGCACCAGCCTCAGCCCGAACGACCCTTGGCCGCTAAACCCGCTGTCCATCCAGCAG
ACCACGCTCCTGCTACTCCTGTCGGTGCTGGCCACTGTGCATGTGGGCCAGCGGCTGCTG
AGGCAACGGAGGCGGCAGCTCCGGTCCGCGCCCCCGGGCCCGTTTGCGTGGCCACTGATC
GGAAACGCGGCGGCGGTGGGCCAGGCGGCTCACCTCTCGTTCGCTCGCCTGGCGCGGCGC
TACGGCGACGTTTTCCAGATCCGCCTGGGCAGCTGCCCCATAGTGGTGCTGAATGGCGAG
CGCGCCATCCACCAGGCCCTGGTGCAGCAGGGCTCGGCCTTCGCCGACCGGCCGGCCTTC
GCCTCCTTCCGTGTGGTGTCCGGCGGCCGCAGCATGGCTTTCGGCCACTACTCGGAGCAC
TGGAAGGTGCAGCGGCGCGCAGCCCACAGCATGATGCGCAACTTCTTCACGCGCCAGCCG
CGCAGCCGCCAAGTCCTCGAGGGCCACGTGCTGAGCGAGGCGCGCGAGCTGGTGGCGCTG
CTGGTGCGCGGCAGCGCGGACGGCGCCTTCCTCGACCCGAGGCCGCTGACCGTCGTGGCC
GTGGCCAACGTCATGAGTGCCGTGTGTTTCGGCTGCCGCTACAGCCACGACGACCCCGAG
TTCCGTGAGCTGCTCAGCCACAACGAAGAGTTCGGGCGCACGGTGGGCGCGGGCAGCCTG
GTGGACGTGATGCCCTGGCTGCAGTACTTCCCCAACCCGGTGCGCACCGTTTTCCGCGAA
TTCGAGCAGCTCAACCGCAACTTCAGCAACTTCATCCTGGACAAGTTCTTGAGGCACTGC
GAAAGCCTTCGGCCCGGGGCCGCCCCCCGCGACATGATGGACGCCTTTATCCTCTCTGCG
GAAAAGAAGGCGGCCGGGGACTCGCACGGTGGTGGCGCGCGGCTGGATTTGGAGAACGTA
CCGGCCACTATCACTGACATCTTCGGCGCCAGCCAGGACACCCTGTCCACCGCGCTGCAG
TGGCTGCTCCTCCTCTTCACCAGGTATCCTGATGTGCAGACTCGAGTGCAGGCAGAATTG
GATCAGGTCGTGGGGAGGGACCGTCTGCCTTGTATGGGTGACCAGCCCAACCTGCCCTAT
GTCCTGGCCTTCCTTTATGAAGCCATGCGCTTCTCCAGCTTTGTGCCTGTCACTATTCCT
CATGCCACCACTGCCAACACCTCTGTCTTGGGCTACCACATTCCCAAGGACACTGTGGTT
TTTGTCAACCAGTGGTCTGTGAATCATGACCCAGTGAAGTGGCCTAACCCGGAGAACTTT
GATCCAGCTCGATTCTTGGACAAGGATGGCCTCATCAACAAGGACCTGACCAGCAGAGTG
ATGATTTTTTCAGTGGGCAAAAGGCGGTGCATTGGCGAAGAACTTTCTAAGATGCAGCTT
TTTCTCTTCATCTCCATCCTGGCTCACCAGTGCGATTTCAGGGCCAACCCAAATGAGCCT
GCGAAAATGAATTTCAGTTATGGTCTAACCATTAAACCCAAGTCATTTAAAGTCAATGTC
ACTCTCAGAGAGTCCATGGAGCTCCTTGATAGTGCTGTCCAAAATTTACAAGCCAAGGAA
ACTTGCCAATAA

1. Sutter TR, Tang YM, Hayes CL, Wo YY, Jabs EW, Li X, Yin H, Cody CW, Greenlee WF: Complete cDNA sequence of a human dioxin-inducible mRNA identifies a new gene subfamily of cytochrome P450 that maps to chromosome 2. J Biol Chem. 1994 May 6;269(18):13092-9. [PubMed ]
2. Tang YM, Wo YY, Stewart J, Hawkins AL, Griffin CA, Sutter TR, Greenlee WF: Isolation and characterization of the human cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 gene. J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28324-30. [PubMed ]
3. Bejjani BA, Lewis RA, Tomey KF, Anderson KL, Dueker DK, Jabak M, Astle WF, Otterud B, Leppert M, Lupski JR: Mutations in CYP1B1, the gene for cytochrome P4501B1, are the predominant cause of primary congenital glaucoma in Saudi Arabia. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Feb;62(2):325-33. [PubMed ]
4. Stoilov I, Akarsu AN, Alozie I, Child A, Barsoum-Homsy M, Turacli ME, Or M, Lewis RA, Ozdemir N, Brice G, Aktan SG, Chevrette L, Coca-Prados M, Sarfarazi M: Sequence analysis and homology modeling suggest that primary congenital glaucoma on 2p21 results from mutations disrupting either the hinge region or the conserved core structures of cytochrome P4501B1. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Mar;62(3):573-84. [PubMed ]
5. Bailey LR, Roodi N, Dupont WD, Parl FF: Association of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) polymorphism with steroid receptor status in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 1998 Nov 15;58(22):5038-41. [PubMed ]
6. Vincent AL, Billingsley G, Buys Y, Levin AV, Priston M, Trope G, Williams-Lyn D, Heon E: Digenic inheritance of early-onset glaucoma: CYP1B1, a potential modifier gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Feb;70(2):448-60. Epub 2002 Jan 3. [PubMed ]

1. Chang TK, Chen J, Yang G, Yeung EY: Inhibition of procarcinogen-bioactivating human CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 enzymes by melatonin. J Pineal Res. 2010 Jan;48(1):55-64. Epub 2009 Nov 16. [PubMed ]

1. CYPIA1
2. P450-P1
3. P450 form 6
4. P450-C

MLFPISMSATEFLLASVIFCLVFWVIRASRPQVPKGLKNPPGPWGWPLIGHMLTLGKNPH
LALSRMSQQYGDVLQIRIGSTPVVVLSGLDTIRQALVRQGDDFKGRPDLYTFTLISNGQS
MSFSPDSGPVWAARRRLAQNGLKSFSIASDPASSTSCYLEEHVSKEAEVLISTLQELMAG
PGHFNPYRYVVVSVTNVICAICFGRRYDHNHQELLSLVNLNNNFGEVVGSGNPADFIPIL
RYLPNPSLNAFKDLNEKFYSFMQKMVKEHYKTFEKGHIRDITDSLIEHCQEKQLDENANV
QLSDEKIINIVLDLFGAGFDTVTTAISWSLMYLVMNPRVQRKIQEELDTVIGRSRRPRLS
DRSHLPYMEAFILETFRHSSFVPFTIPHSTTRDTSLKGFYIPKGRCVFVNQWQINHDQKL
WVNPSEFLPERFLTPDGAIDKVLSEKVIIFGMGKRKCIGETIARWEVFLFLAILLQRVEF
SVPLGVKVDMTPIYGLTMKHACCEHFQMQLRS

• Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )
• gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane Degradation (map00361 )
• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

• RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O

• p450 (PF00067 )

• 1-28

ATGCTTTTCCCAATCTCCATGTCGGCCACGGAGTTTCTTCTGGCCTCTGTCATCTTCTGT
CTGGTATTCTGGGTAATCAGGGCCTCAAGACCTCAGGTCCCCAAAGGCCTGAAGAATCCA
CCAGGGCCATGGGGCTGGCCTCTGATTGGGCACATGCTGACCCTGGGAAAGAACCCGCAC
CTGGCACTGTCAAGGATGAGCCAGCAGTATGGGGACGTGCTGCAGATCCGAATTGGCTCC
ACACCCGTGGTGGTGCTGAGCGGCCTGGACACCATCCGGCAGGCCCTGGTGCGGCAGGGC
GATGATTTCAAGGGCCGGCCCGACCTCTACACCTTCACCCTCATCAGTAATGGTCAGAGC
ATGTCCTTCAGCCCAGACTCTGGACCAGTGTGGGCTGCCCGCCGGCGCCTGGCCCAGAAT
GGCCTGAAAAGTTTCTCCATTGCCTCTGACCCAGCCTCCTCAACCTCCTGCTACCTGGAA
GAGCATGTGAGCAAGGAGGCTGAGGTCCTGATAAGCACGTTGCAGGAGCTGATGGCAGGG
CCTGGGCACTTTAACCCCTACAGGTATGTGGTGGTATCAGTGACCAATGTCATCTGTGCC
ATTTGCTTTGGCCGGCGCTATGACCACAACCACCAAGAACTGCTTAGCCTAGTCAACCTG
AATAATAATTTCGGGGAGGTGGTTGGCTCTGGAAACCCAGCTGACTTCATCCCTATTCTT
CGCTACCTACCCAACCCTTCCCTGAATGCCTTCAAGGACCTGAATGAGAAGTTCTACAGC
TTCATGCAGAAGATGGTCAAGGAGCACTACAAAACCTTTGAGAAGGGCCACATCCGGGAC
ATCACAGACAGCCTGATTGAGCACTGTCAGGAGAAGCAGCTGGATGAGAACGCCAATGTC
CAGCTGTCAGATGAGAAGATCATTAACATCGTCTTGGACCTCTTTGGAGCTGGGTTTGAC
ACAGTCACAACTGCTATCTCCTGGAGCCTCATGTATTTGGTGATGAACCCCAGGGTACAG
AGAAAGATCCAAGAGGAGCTAGACACAGTGATTGGCAGGTCACGGCGGCCCCGGCTCTCT
GACAGATCCCATCTGCCCTATATGGAGGCCTTCATCCTGGAGACCTTCCGACACTCTTCC
TTAGTCCCCTTCACCATCCCCCACAGCACAACAAGAGACACAAGTTTGAAAGGCTTTTAC
ATCCCCAAGGGGCGTTGTGTCTTTGTAAACCAGTGGCAGATCAACCATGACCAGAAGCTA
TGGGTCAACCCATCTGAGTTCCTACCTGAACGGTTTCTCACCCCTGATGGTGCTATCGAC
AAGGTGTTAAGTGAGAAGGTGATTATCTTTGGCATGGGCAAGCGGAAGTGTATCGGTGAG
ACCGTTGCCCGCTGGGAGGTCTTTCTCTTCCTGGCTATCCTGCTGCAACGGGTGGAATTC
AGCGTGCCACTGGGCGTGAAGGTGGACATGACCCCCATCTATGGGCTAACCATGAAGCAT
GCCTGCTGTGAGCACTTCCAAATGCAGCTGCGCTCTTAG

1. Jaiswal AK, Gonzalez FJ, Nebert DW: Human P1-450 gene sequence and correlation of mRNA with genetic differences in benzo[a]pyrene metabolism. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jun 25;13(12):4503-20. [PubMed ]
2. Jaiswal AK, Gonzalez FJ, Nebert DW: Human dioxin-inducible cytochrome P1-450: complementary DNA and amino acid sequence. Science. 1985 Apr 5;228(4695):80-3. [PubMed ]
3. Kawajiri K, Watanabe J, Gotoh O, Tagashira Y, Sogawa K, Fujii-Kuriyama Y: Structure and drug inducibility of the human cytochrome P-450c gene. Eur J Biochem. 1986 Sep 1;159(2):219-25. [PubMed ]
4. Corchero J, Pimprale S, Kimura S, Gonzalez FJ: Organization of the CYP1A cluster on human chromosome 15: implications for gene regulation. Pharmacogenetics. 2001 Feb;11(1):1-6. [PubMed ]
5. Yun CH, Park HJ, Kim SJ, Kim HK: Identification of cytochrome P450 1A1 in human brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Feb 24;243(3):808-10. [PubMed ]
6. Quattrochi LC, Okino ST, Pendurthi UR, Tukey RH: Cloning and isolation of human cytochrome P-450 cDNAs homologous to dioxin-inducible rabbit mRNAs encoding P-450 4 and P-450 6. DNA. 1985 Oct;4(5):395-400. [PubMed ]
7. Hayashi S, Watanabe J, Nakachi K, Kawajiri K: Genetic linkage of lung cancer-associated MspI polymorphisms with amino acid replacement in the heme binding region of the human cytochrome P450IA1 gene. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1991 Sep;110(3):407-11. [PubMed ]
8. Cascorbi I, Brockmoller J, Roots I: A C4887A polymorphism in exon 7 of human CYP1A1: population frequency, mutation linkages, and impact on lung cancer susceptibility. Cancer Res. 1996 Nov 1;56(21):4965-9. [PubMed ]
9. Smart J, Daly AK: Variation in induced CYP1A1 levels: relationship to CYP1A1, Ah receptor and GSTM1 polymorphisms. Pharmacogenetics. 2000 Feb;10(1):11-24. [PubMed ]
10. Chevalier D, Allorge D, Lo-Guidice JM, Cauffiez C, Lhermitte M, Lafitte JJ, Broly F: Detection of known and two novel (M331I and R464S) missense mutations in the human CYP1A1 gene in a French Caucasian population. Hum Mutat. 2001 Apr;17(4):355. [PubMed ]

1. Chang TK, Chen J, Yang G, Yeung EY: Inhibition of procarcinogen-bioactivating human CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 enzymes by melatonin. J Pineal Res. 2010 Jan;48(1):55-64. Epub 2009 Nov 16. [PubMed ]

1. CYPIA2
2. P450-P3
3. P(3450
4. P450 4

MALSQSVPFSATELLLASAIFCLVFWVLKGLRPRVPKGLKSPPEPWGWPLLGHVLTLGKN
PHLALSRMSQRYGDVLQIRIGSTPVLVLSRLDTIRQALVRQGDDFKGRPDLYTSTLITDG
QSLTFSTDSGPVWAARRRLAQNALNTFSIASDPASSSSCYLEEHVSKEAKALISRLQELM
AGPGHFDPYNQVVVSVANVIGAMCFGQHFPESSDEMLSLVKNTHEFVETASSGNPLDFFP
ILRYLPNPALQRFKAFNQRFLWFLQKTVQEHYQDFDKNSVRDITGALFKHSKKGPRASGN
LIPQEKIVNLVNDIFGAGFDTVTTAISWSLMYLVTKPEIQRKIQKELDTVIGRERRPRLS
DRPQLPYLEAFILETFRHSSFLPFTIPHSTTRDTTLNGFYIPKKCCVFVNQWQVNHDPEL
WEDPSEFRPERFLTADGTAINKPLSEKMMLFGMGKRRCIGEVLAKWEIFLFLAILLQQLE
FSVPPGVKVDLTPIYGLTMKHARCEHVQARRFSIN

• Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )
• gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane Degradation (map00361 )
• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

• RH + reduced flavoprotein + O2 = ROH + oxidized flavoprotein + H2O

• p450 (PF00067 )

• 1-30

ATGGCATTGTCCCAGTCTGTTCCCTTCTCGGCCACAGAGCTTCTCCTGGCCTCTGCCATC
TTCTGCCTGGTATTCTGGGTGCTCAAGGGTTTGAGGCCTCGGGTCCCCAAAGGCCTGAAA
AGTCCACCAGAGCCATGGGGCTGGCCCTTGCTCGGGCATGTGCTGACCCTGGGGAAGAAC
CCGCACCTGGCACTGTCAAGGATGAGCCAGCGCTACGGGGACGTCCTGCAGATCCGCATT
GGCTCCACGCCCGTGCTGGTGCTGAGCCGCCTGGACACCATCCGGCAGGCCCTGGTGCGG
CAGGGCGACGATTTCAAGGGCCGGCCTGACCTCTACACCTCCACCCTCATCACTGATGGC
CAGAGCTTGACCTTCAGCACAGACTCTGGACCGGTGTGGGCTGCCCGCCGGCGCCTGGCC
CAGAATGCCCTCAACACCTTCTCCATCGCCTCTGACCCAGCTTCCTCATCCTCCTGCTAC
CTGGAGGAGCATGTGAGCAAGGAGGCTAAGGCCCTGATCAGCAGGTTGCAGGAGCTGATG
GCAGGGCCTGGGCACTTCGACCCTTACAATCAGGTGGTGGTGTCAGTGGCCAACGTCATT
GGTGCCATGTGCTTCGGACAGCACTTCCCTGAGAGTAGCGATGAGATGCTCAGCCTCGTG
AAGAACACTCATGAGTTCGTGGAGACTGCCTCCTCCGGGAACCCCCTGGACTTCTTCCCC
ATCCTTCGCTACCTGCCTAACCCTGCCCTGCAGAGGTTCAAGGCCTTCAACCAGAGGTTC
CTGTGGTTCCTGCAGAAAACAGTCCAGGAGCACTATCAGGACTTTGACAAGAACAGTGTC
CGGGACATCACGGGTGCCCTGTTCAAGCACAGCAAGAAGGGGCCTAGAGCCAGCGGCAAC
CTCATCCCACAGGAGAAGATTGTCAACCTTGTCAATGACATCTTTGGAGCAGGATTTGAC
ACAGTCACCACAGCCATCTCCTGGAGCCTCATGTACCTTGTGACCAAGCCTGAGATACAG
AGGAAGATCCAGAAGGAGCTGGACACTGTGATTGGCAGGGAGCGGCGGCCCCGGCTCTCT
GACAGACCCCAGCTGCCCTACTTGGAGGCCTTCATCCTGGAGACCTTCCGACACTCCTCC
TTCTTGCCCTTCACCATCCCCCACAGCACAACAAGGGACACAACGCTGAATGGCTTCTAC
ATCCCCAAGAAATGCTGTGTCTTCGTAAACCAGTGGCAGGTCAACCATGACCCAGAGCTG
TGGGAGGACCCCTCTGAGTTCCGGCCTGAGCGGTTCCTCACCGCCGATGGCACTGCCATT
AACAAGCCCTTGAGTGAGAAGATGATGCTGTTTGGCATGGGCAAGCGCCGGTGTATCGGG
GAAGTCCTGGCCAAGTGGGAGATCTTCCTCTTCCTGGCCATCCTGCTACAGCAACTGGAG
TTCAGCGTGCCGCCGGGCGTGAAAGTCGACCTGACCCCCATCTACGGGCTGACCATGAAG
CACGCCCGCTGTGAACATGTCCAGGCGCGGCGCTTCTCCATCAATTGA

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