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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 14:59:39 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001413
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB01413
Metabolite Identification
Common NameCiticoline
DescriptionCiticoline is an essential intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of structural phospholipids in cell membranes, particularly phosphatidylcholine. Once absorbed, citicoline is widely distributed throughout the body, crosses the blood-brain barrier and reaches the central nervous system (CNS), where it is incorporated into the membrane and microsomal phospholipid fraction. Citicoline activates biosynthesis of structural phospholipids of neuronal membranes, increases brain metabolism, and acts upon the levels of different neurotransmitters. Thus, citicoline has been experimentally shown to increase norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the CNS. Owing to these pharmacological mechanisms, citicoline has a neuroprotective effect in hypoxic and ischemic conditions, decreasing the volume of ischemic lesion, and also improves learning and memory performance in animal models of brain aging. In addition, citicoline has been shown to restore the activity of mitochondrial ATPase and membrane Na+/K+ATPase, to inhibit activation of certain phospholipases, and to accelerate reabsorption of cerebral edema in various experimental models. Citicoline has also been shown to be able to inhibit mechanisms of apoptosis associated to cerebral ischemia and in certain neurodegeneration models, and to potentiate neuroplasticity mechanisms. Citicoline is a safe drug, as shown by the toxicological tests conducted, that has no significant systemic cholinergic effects and is a well tolerated product. (PMID:17171187 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC14H27N4O11P2
Average Molecular Weight489.3319
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight489.11515575
IUPAC Name{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}({hydroxy[2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethoxy]phosphoryl}oxy)phosphinic acid
Traditional Namecdp-choline(1+)
CAS Registry Number987-78-0
SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N1C=CC(N)=NC1=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C14H26N4O11P2/c1-18(2,3)6-7-26-30(22,23)29-31(24,25)27-8-9-11(19)12(20)13(28-9)17-5-4-10(15)16-14(17)21/h4-5,9,11-13,19-20H,6-8H2,1-3H3,(H3-,15,16,21,22,23,24,25)/p+1/t9-,11-,12-,13-/m1/s1
InChI KeyRZZPDXZPRHQOCG-OJAKKHQRSA-O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pterins and derivatives. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a pterin moiety, which consist of a pteridine ring bearing a ketone and an amine group to form 2-aminopteridin-4(3H)-one.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPteridines and derivatives
Sub ClassPterins and derivatives
Direct ParentPterins and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pterin
  • Aminobenzoic acid
  • Aminobenzoic acid or derivatives
  • Benzoic acid or derivatives
  • Benzoic acid
  • Benzoyl
  • Aniline or substituted anilines
  • Phenylalkylamine
  • Hydroxypyrimidine
  • Secondary aliphatic/aromatic amine
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Pyrimidine
  • Benzenoid
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Amino acid
  • Ketimine
  • Azacycle
  • Secondary amine
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Imine
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Not Available205.2http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000123
[M+H]+Not Available198.7http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000123
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Brain
  • Erythrocyte
  • Intestine
  • Placenta
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB12153
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022608
KNApSAcK IDC00007231
Chemspider ID13208
KEGG Compound IDC00307
BioCyc IDCDP-CHOLINE
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkCiticoline
METLIN ID6229
PubChem Compound13805
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID49086
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDCDPCHOL
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceFujio, Tatsuro. New production method of useful substances using ATP regeneration system. Kiraru Tekunoroji no Shintenkai (2001), 187-198.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Controls phosphatidylcholine synthesis.
Gene Name:
PCYT1B
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y5K3
Molecular weight:
40228.99
Reactions
Cytidine triphosphate + Phosphorylcholine → Pyrophosphate + Citicolinedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Controls phosphatidylcholine synthesis.
Gene Name:
PCYT1A
Uniprot ID:
P49585
Molecular weight:
41730.67
Reactions
Cytidine triphosphate + Phosphorylcholine → Pyrophosphate + Citicolinedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Bidirectional lipid cholinephosphotransferase capable of converting phosphatidylcholine (PC) and ceramide to sphingomyelin (SM) and diacylglycerol (DAG) and vice versa. Direction is dependent on the relative concentrations of DAG and ceramide as phosphocholine acceptors. Directly and specifically recognizes the choline head group on the substrate. Also requires two fatty chains on the choline-P donor molecule in order to be recognized efficiently as a substrate. Does not function strictly as a SM synthase. Required for cell growth
Gene Name:
SGMS2
Uniprot ID:
Q8NHU3
Molecular weight:
42279.8
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Bidirectional lipid cholinephosphotransferase capable of converting phosphatidylcholine (PC) and ceramide to sphingomyelin (SM) and diacylglycerol (DAG) and vice versa. Direction is dependent on the relative concentrations of DAG and ceramide as phosphocholine acceptors. Directly and specifically recognizes the choline head group on the substrate. Also requires two fatty chains on the choline-P donor molecule in order to be recognized efficiently as a substrate. Does not function strictly as a SM synthase. Suppresses BAX-mediated apoptosis and also prevents cell death in response to stimuli such as hydrogen peroxide, osmotic stress, elevated temperature and exogenously supplied sphingolipids. May protect against cell death by reversing the stress-inducible increase in levels of proapoptotic ceramide. Required for cell growth
Gene Name:
SGMS1
Uniprot ID:
Q86VZ5
Molecular weight:
49207.3
General function:
Involved in phosphotransferase activity, for other substituted phosphate groups
Specific function:
Catalyzes phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from CDP-choline. It thereby plays a central role in the formation and maintenance of vesicular membranes.
Gene Name:
CHPT1
Uniprot ID:
Q8WUD6
Molecular weight:
45096.535
Reactions
Citicoline + 1,2-diacylglycerol → Cytidine monophosphate + a phosphatidylcholinedetails
Citicoline + 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol → Cytidine monophosphate + Phosphatidylcholinedetails
Citicoline + 1-Alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol → Cytidine monophosphate + 2-Acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholinedetails
1-Alkyl-2-acylglycerol + Citicoline → 1-Radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + Cytidine monophosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in phosphotransferase activity, for other substituted phosphate groups
Specific function:
Catalyzes both phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis from CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine, respectively. Involved in protein-dependent process of phospholipid transport to distribute phosphatidyl choline to the lumenal surface. Has a higher cholinephosphotransferase activity than ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity.
Gene Name:
CEPT1
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y6K0
Molecular weight:
46553.135
Reactions
Citicoline + 1,2-diacylglycerol → Cytidine monophosphate + a phosphatidylcholinedetails
Citicoline + 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol → Cytidine monophosphate + Phosphatidylcholinedetails
Citicoline + 1-Alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol → Cytidine monophosphate + 2-Acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholinedetails
1-Alkyl-2-acylglycerol + Citicoline → 1-Radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + Cytidine monophosphatedetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes ADP-ribose, IDP-ribose, CDP-glycerol, CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine, but not other non-reducing ADP-sugars or CDP-glucose. May be involved in immune cell signaling as suggested by the second-messenger role of ADP-ribose, which activates TRPM2 as a mediator of oxidative/nitrosative stress (By similarity).
Gene Name:
ADPRM
Uniprot ID:
Q3LIE5
Molecular weight:
39529.105
Reactions
Citicoline + Water → Cytidine monophosphate + Phosphorylcholinedetails