1. Apolon B6
2. Biosechs
3. Codecarboxylase
4. Coenzyme B6
5. Hairoxal
6. Hexermin-P
7. Hi-Pyridoxin
8. Hiadelon
9. Himitan
10. PAL-P
11. PLP
12. Phosphopyridoxal
13. Phosphopyridoxal coenzyme
14. Pidopidon
15. Piodel
16. Pydoxal
17. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
18. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphic acid
19. Pyridoxal 5-phosphate
20. Pyridoxal P
21. Pyridoxal phosphate
22. Pyridoxal-P
23. Pyridoxyl phosphate
24. Pyromijin
25. Sechvitan
26. Vitahexin-P
27. Vitazechs

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• Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
• mitochondria

• Blood

• 180300 (Rheumatoid arthritis)

1. Huang YC, Lan PH, Cheng CH, Lee BJ, Kan MN: Vitamin B6 intakes and status of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients in Taiwan. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;56(5):387-92. [PubMed ]
2. Chiang EP, Bagley PJ, Roubenoff R, Nadeau M, Selhub J: Plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentration is correlated with functional vitamin B-6 indices in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and marginal vitamin B-6 status. J Nutr. 2003 Apr;133(4):1056-9. [PubMed ]
3. Chiang EP, Selhub J, Bagley PJ, Dallal G, Roubenoff R: Pyridoxine supplementation corrects vitamin B6 deficiency but does not improve inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(6):R1404-11. Epub 2005 Oct 14. [PubMed ]
4. Heiskanen K, Kallio M, Salmenpera L, Siimes MA, Ruokonen I, Perheentupa J: Vitamin B-6 status during childhood: tracking from 2 months to 11 years of age. J Nutr. 1995 Dec;125(12):2985-92. [PubMed ]
5. Longhi RC, Fleisher LD, Tallan HH, Gaull GE: Cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: a qualitative abnormality of the deficient enzyme modified by vitamin B6 therapy. Pediatr Res. 1977 Feb;11(2):100-3. [PubMed ]
6. Fonda ML: Vitamin B6 metabolism and binding to proteins in the blood of alcoholic and nonalcoholic men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1993 Dec;17(6):1171-8. [PubMed ]
7. Lee BJ, Huang MC, Chung LJ, Cheng CH, Lin KL, Su KH, Huang YC: Folic acid and vitamin B12 are more effective than vitamin B6 in lowering fasting plasma homocysteine concentration in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Mar;58(3):481-7. [PubMed ]
8. Schuster K, Bailey LB, Cerda JJ, Gregory JF 3rd: Urinary 4-pyridoxic acid excretion in 24-hour versus random urine samples as a measurement of vitamin B6 status in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984 Mar;39(3):466-70. [PubMed ]
9. Heiskanen K, Siimes MA, Perheentupa J, Salmenpera L: Reference ranges for erythrocyte pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentration and the erythrocyte aspartate transaminase stimulation test in lactating mothers and their infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Jun;59(6):1297-303. [PubMed ]
10. Selvaag E, Bohmer T, Benkestock K: Reduced serum concentrations of riboflavine and ascorbic acid, and blood thiamine pyrophosphate and pyridoxal-5-phosphate in geriatric patients with and without pressure sores. J Nutr Health Aging. 2002;6(1):75-7. [PubMed ]
11. Iqbal SJ, Plaha DS, Linforth GH, Dalgleish R: Hypophosphatasia: diagnostic application of linked DNA markers in the dominantly inherited adult form. Clin Sci (Lond). 1999 Jul;97(1):73-8. [PubMed ]
12. Heiskanen K, Siimes MA, Salmenpera L, Perheentupa J: Low vitamin B6 status associated with slow growth in healthy breast-fed infants. Pediatr Res. 1995 Nov;38(5):740-6. [PubMed ]
13. Huang YC, Chang SJ, Chiu YT, Chang HH, Cheng CH: The status of plasma homocysteine and related B-vitamins in healthy young vegetarians and nonvegetarians. Eur J Nutr. 2003 Apr;42(2):84-90. [PubMed ]
14. Huang YC, Chang HH, Huang SC, Cheng CH, Lee BJ, Cheng SY, Su KH: Plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is a significant indicator of immune responses in the mechanically ventilated critically ill. Nutrition. 2005 Jul-Aug;21(7-8):779-85. [PubMed ]
15. Chiang EP, Bagley PJ, Selhub J, Nadeau M, Roubenoff R: Abnormal vitamin B(6) status is associated with severity of symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med. 2003 Mar;114(4):283-7. [PubMed ]
16. Lacour B, Parry C, Drueke T, Touam M, Kreis H, Bailly M, Durand D: Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate deficiency in uremic undialyzed, hemodialyzed, and non-uremic kidney transplant patients. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Jan 24;127(2):205-15. [PubMed ]
17. Seki T: Combination treatment of high-dose pyridoxal phosphate and low-dose ACTH in children with West syndrome and related disorders. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol. 1990 Jun;44(2):219-37. [PubMed ]
18. Akopov MA, Kagan ZS, Berezov TT, Filiptsev PIa: [Kinetics and thermodynamics of heat inactivation of L-threonine-L-serine dehydratase from human liver] Biokhimiia. 1978 Nov;43(11):2027-32. [PubMed ]
19. Descombes E, Hanck AB, Fellay G: Water soluble vitamins in chronic hemodialysis patients and need for supplementation. Kidney Int. 1993 Jun;43(6):1319-28. [PubMed ]
20. Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Albanes D, Nieto FJ, Hartman TJ, Tangrea JA, Rautalahti M, Sehlub J, Virtamo J, Taylor PR: Pancreatic cancer risk and nutrition-related methyl-group availability indicators in male smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Mar 17;91(6):535-41. [PubMed ]
21. Wikipedia

1. 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial precursor
2. 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial precursor
3. 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial precursor
4. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
5. 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial precursor
6. Tyrosine aminotransferase
7. Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase
8. Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic
9. Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial precursor
10. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
11. Kynureninase
12. Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
13. Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form
14. Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form
15. Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form
16. Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase mitochondrial precursor
17. Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial precursor
18. Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial precursor
19. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1
20. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial precursor
21. Cystathionine gamma-lyase
22. L-serine dehydratase
23. Pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase
24. Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase
25. Glutamate decarboxylase 2
26. Glutamate decarboxylase 1
27. Cystathionine beta-synthase
28. Serine--pyruvate aminotransferase
29. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial precursor
30. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic
31. Glycine dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial precursor
32. Alanine aminotransferase 1
33. Phosphoserine aminotransferase
34. Histidine decarboxylase
35. Serine palmitoyltransferase 1
36. Serine palmitoyltransferase 2
37. Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase
38. Ornithine decarboxylase
39. Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1
40. Pyridoxal kinase
41. Arginine decarboxylase
42. Hypothetical protein GAD1
43. Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial precursor
44. Proline synthetase co-transcribed bacterial homolog protein
45. Hypothetical protein AADAT
46. Threonine synthase-like 1
47. Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2-like 1
48. Alanine aminotransferase 2
49. Pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase
50. Selenocysteine lyase
51. Alanine aminotransferase
52. cDNA FLJ75824, highly similar to Homo sapiens serine dehydratase
53. Phosphoserine aminotransferase 1
54. Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, isoform CRA_a)
55. Glycine dehydrogenase
56. cDNA FLJ75707, highly similar to Homo sapiens serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 1
57. Kynureninase
58. cDNA, FLJ96771, Homo sapiens ornithine decarboxylase-like protein (ODC-p), mRNA (Arginine decarboxylase, isoform CRA_d)
59. Pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase PHOSPHO2
60. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1-like protein 1
61. Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2-like 2
62. Glutamate decarboxylase-like protein 1
63. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3
64. Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase
65. Pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase domain-containing protein 1
66. Pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase domain-containing protein 2
67. Serine dehydratase-like
68. O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) selenium transferase
69. Serine palmitoyltransferase 3
70. Serine racemase
71. Threonine synthase-like 2
72. Histidine decarboxylase
73. Tyrosine aminotransferase
74. Phosphorylase
75. Uncharacterized protein DDC
76. cDNA FLJ75452, highly similar to Homo sapiens cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase-related protein 2
77. cDNA FLJ77874, highly similar to Homo sapiens glycine C- acetyltransferase
78. cDNA FLJ78080, highly similar to Human ALAS 5-aminolevulinate synthase
79. cDNA FLJ78439, highly similar to Homo sapiens glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2
80. cDNA FLJ77623, highly similar to Homo sapiens glutamate decarboxylase 1
81. cDNA FLJ77209
82. Uncharacterized protein SHMT1
83. Aspartate aminotransferase
84. GAD1 protein
85. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
86. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
87. Dopa decarboxylase
88. Phosphorylase
89. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
90. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
91. Migration-inducing protein 4
92. Phosphorylase
93. Aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 2
94. Glutamate decarboxylase 2
95. Glutamate decarboxylase 2
96. Putative L-Dopa decarboxylase
97. DDC protein
98. Putative uncharacterized protein DDC
99. CSAD protein
100. PDXDC1 protein
101. Glutamate decarboxylase 1
102. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
103. Aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 2
104. Phosphorylase
105. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
106. P-selectin cytoplasmic tail-associated protein
107. Glutamic acid decarboxylase
108. Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase-related protein 1
109. cDNA FLJ77833, highly similar to H.sapiens glutamine transaminase K (Cysteine conjugate-beta lyase
110. cDNA, FLJ95372, highly similar to Homo sapiens branched chain aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial(BCAT2), mRNA (Branched chain aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial)
111. cDNA, FLJ94281, Homo sapiens cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), mRNA (Cystathionine-beta-synthase, isoform CRA_b)
112. cDNA, FLJ93078, Homo sapiens glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble(aspartate aminotransferase 1) (GOT1), mRNA (Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble (Aspartate aminotransferase 1), isoform CRA_b)
113. cDNA, FLJ93913, Homo sapiens tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), nuclear gene encodingmitochondrial protein, mRNA (Tyrosine aminotransferase, isoform CRA_a)

1. 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase
2. Delta- aminolevulinate synthase
3. Delta-ALA synthetase
4. ALAS-E

MVTAAMLLQCCPVLARGPTSLLGKVVKTHQFLFGIGRCPILATQGPNCSQIHLKATKAGG
DSPSWAKGHCPFMLSELQDGKSKIVQKAAPEVQEDVKAFKTDLPSSLVSVSLRKPFSGPQ
EQEQISGKVTHLIQNNMPGNYVFSYDQFFRDKIMEKKQDHTYRVFKTVNRWADAYPFAQH
FSEASVASKDVSVWCSNDYLGMSRHPQVLQATQETLQRHGAGAGGTRNISGTSKFHVELE
QELAELHQKDSALLFSSCFVANDSTLFTLAKILPGCEIYSDAGNHASMIQGIRNSGAAKF
VFRHNDPDHLKKLLEKSNPKIPKIVAFETVHSMDGAICPLEELCDVSHQYGALTFVDEVH
AVGLYGSRGAGIGERDGIMHKIDIISGTLGKAFGCVGGYIASTRDLVDMVRSYAAGFIFT
TSLPPMVLSGALESVRLLKGEEGQALRRAHQRNVKHMRQLLMDRGLPVIPCPSHIIPIRV
GNAALNSKLCDLLLSKHGIYVQAINYPTVPRGEELLRLAPSPHHSPQMMEDFVEKLLLAW
TAVGLPLQDVSVAACNFCRRPVHFELMSEWERSYFGNMGPQYVTTYA

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

• succinyl-CoA + glycine = 5-aminolevulinate + CoA + CO2

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )
• Preseq_ALAS (PF09029 )

• 1-15

ATGCTGCTACAGTGCTGCCCAGTGCTTGCCCGGGGCCCCACAAGCCTCCTAGGCAAGGTG
GTTAAGACTCACCAGTTCCTGTTTGGTATTGGACGCTGTCCCATCCTGGCTACCCAAGGA
CCAAACTGTTCTCAAATCCACCTTAAGGCAACAAAGGCTGGAGGAGATTCTCCATCTTGG
GCGAAGGGCCACTGTCCCTTCATGCTGTCGGAACTCCAGGATGGGAAGAGCAAGATTGTG
CAGAAGGCAGCCCCAGAAGTCCAGGAAGATGTGAAGGCTTTCAAGACAGATCTGCCTAGC
TCCCTGGTCTCAGTCAGCCTAAGGAAGCCATTTTCCGGTCCCCAGGAGCAGGAGCAGATC
TCTGGGAAGGTCACACACCTGATTCAGAACAATATGCCTGGAAACTATGTCTTCAGTTAT
GACCAGTTTTTCAGGGACAAGATCATGGAGAAGAAACAGGATCACACCTACCGTGTGTTC
AAGACTGTGAACCGCTGGGCTGATGCATATCCCTTTGCCCAACATTTCTTTGAGGCATCT
GTGGCCTCAAAGGATGTGTCCGTCTGGTGTAGTAATGATTACCTGGGCATGAGCCGACAC
CCTCAGGTCTTGCAAGCCACACAGGAGACCCTGCAGCGTCATGGTGCTGGAGCTGGTGGC
ACCCGCAACATCTCAGGCACCAGTAAGTTTCATGTGGAGCTTGAGCAGGAGCTGGCTGAG
CTGCACCAGAAGGACTCAGCCCTGCTCTTCTCCTCCTGCTTTGTTGCCAATGACTCTACT
CTCTTCACCTTGGCCAAGATCCTGCCAGGGTGCGAGATTTACTCAGACGCAGGCAACCAT
GCTTCCATGATCCAAGGTATCCGTAACAGTGGAGCAGCCAAGTTTGTCTTCAGGCACAAT
GACCCTGACCACCTAAAGAAACTTCTAGAGAAGTCTAACCCTAAGATACCCAAAATTGTG
GCCTTTGAGACTGTCCACTCCATGGATGGTGCCATCTGTCCCCTCGAGGAGTTGTGTGAT
GTGTCCCACCAGTATGGGGCCCTGACCTTCGTGGATGAGGTCCATGCTGTAGGACTGTAT
GGGTCCCGGGGCGCTGGGATTGGGGAGCGTGATGGAATTATGCATAAGATTGACATCATC
TCTGGAACTCTTGGCAAGGCCTTTGGCTGTGTGGGCGGCTACATTGCCAGCACCCGTGAC
TTGGTGGACATGGTGCGCTCCTATGCTGCAGGCTTCATCTTTACCACTTCTCTGCCCCCC
ATGGTGCTCTCTGGAGCTCTAGAATCTGTGCGGCTGCTCAAGGGAGAGGAGGGCCAAGCC
CTGAGGCGAGCCCACCAGCGCAATGTCAAGCACATGCGCCAGCTACTCATGGACAGGGGC
CTTCCTGTCATCCCCTGCCCCAGCCACATCATCCCCATCCGGGTGGGCAATGCAGCACTC
AACAGCAAGCTCTGTGATCTCCTGCTCTCCAAGCATGGCATCTATGTGCAGGCCATCAAC
TACCCAACTGTCCCCCGGGGTGAAGAGCTCCTGCGCTTGGCACCCTCCCCCCACCACAGC
CCTCAGATGATGGAAGATTTTGTGGAGAAGCTGCTGCTGGCTTGGACTGCGGTGGGGCTG
CCCCTCCAGGATGTGTCTGTGGCTGCCTGCAATTTCTGTCGCCGTCCTGTACACTTTGAG
CTCATGAGTGAGTGGGAACGTTCCTACTTCGGGAACATGGGGCCCCAGTATGTCACCACC
TATGCCTGA

1. Bishop DF: Two different genes encode delta-aminolevulinate synthase in humans: nucleotide sequences of cDNAs for the housekeeping and erythroid genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Dec 11;18(23):7187-8. [PubMed ]
2. Cox TC, Bawden MJ, Martin A, May BK: Human erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase: promoter analysis and identification of an iron-responsive element in the mRNA. EMBO J. 1991 Jul;10(7):1891-902. [PubMed ]
3. Surinya KH, Cox TC, May BK: Identification and characterization of a conserved erythroid-specific enhancer located in intron 8 of the human 5-aminolevulinate synthase 2 gene. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 3;273(27):16798-809. [PubMed ]
4. Cox TC, Bottomley SS, Wiley JS, Bawden MJ, Matthews CS, May BK: X-linked pyridoxine-responsive sideroblastic anemia due to a Thr388-to-Ser substitution in erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase. N Engl J Med. 1994 Mar 10;330(10):675-9. [PubMed ]
5. Cotter PD, Baumann M, Bishop DF: Enzymatic defect in "X-linked" sideroblastic anemia: molecular evidence for erythroid delta-aminolevulinate synthase deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 May 1;89(9):4028-32. [PubMed ]
6. Furuyama K, Uno R, Urabe A, Hayashi N, Fujita H, Kondo M, Sassa S, Yamamoto M: R411C mutation of the ALAS2 gene encodes a pyridoxine-responsive enzyme with low activity. Br J Haematol. 1998 Dec;103(3):839-41. [PubMed ]
7. Harigae H, Furuyama K, Kudo K, Hayashi N, Yamamoto M, Sassa S, Sasaki T: A novel mutation of the erythroid-specific gamma-Aminolevulinate synthase gene in a patient with non-inherited pyridoxine-responsive sideroblastic anemia. Am J Hematol. 1999 Oct;62(2):112-4. [PubMed ]
8. Cotter PD, May A, Li L, Al-Sabah AI, Fitzsimons EJ, Cazzola M, Bishop DF: Four new mutations in the erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS2) gene causing X-linked sideroblastic anemia: increased pyridoxine responsiveness after removal of iron overload by phlebotomy and coinheritance of hereditary hemochromatosis. Blood. 1999 Mar 1;93(5):1757-69. [PubMed ]

1. 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase
2. Delta-aminolevulinate synthase
3. Delta-ALA synthetase
4. ALAS-H

MESVVRRCPFLSRVPQAFLQKAGKSLLFYAQNCPKMMEVGAKPAPRALSTAAVHYQQIKE
TPPASEKDKTAKAKVQQTPDGSQQSPDGTQLPSGHPLPATSQGTASKCPFLAAQMNQRGS
SVFCKASLELQEDVQEMNAVRKEVAETSAGPSVVSVKTDGGDPSGLLKNFQDIMQKQRPE
RVSHLLQDNLPKSVSTFQYDRFFEKKIDEKKNDHTYRVFKTVNRRAHIFPMADDYSDSLI
TKKQVSVWCSNDYLGMSRHPRVCGAVMDTLKQHGAGAGGTRNISGTSKFHVDLERELADL
HGKDAALLFSSCFVANDSTLFTLAKMMPGCEIYSDSGNHASMIQGIRNSRVPKYIFRHND
VSHLRELLQRSDPSVPKIVAFETVHSMDGAVCPLEELCDVAHEFGAITFVDEVHAVGLYG
ARGGGIGDRDGVMPKMDIISGTLGKAFGCVGGYIASTSSLIDTVRSYAAGFIFTTSLPPM
LLAGALESVRILKSAEGRVLRRQHQRNVKLMRQMLMDAGLPVVHCPSHIIPVRVADAAKN
TEVCDELMSRHNIYVQAINYPTVPRGEELLRIAPTPHHTPQMMNYFLENLLVTWKQVGLE
LKPHSSAECNFCRRPLHFEVMSEREKSYFSGLSKLVSAQA

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

• succinyl-CoA + glycine = 5-aminolevulinate + CoA + CO2

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )

• None

• None

ATGGAGAGTGTTGTTCGCCGCTGCCCATTCTTATCCCGAGTCCCCCAGGCCTTTCTGCAG
AAAGCAGGCAAATCTCTGTTGTTCTATGCCCAAAACTGCCCCAAGATGATGGAAGTTGGG
GCCAAGCCAGCCCCTCGGGCATTGTCCACTGCAGCAGTACACTACCAACAGATCAAAGAA
ACCCCTCCGGCCAGTGAGAAAGACAAAACTGCTAAGGCCAAGGTCCAACAGACTCCTGAT
GGATCCCAGCAGAGTCCAGATGGCACACAGCTTCCGTCTGGACACCCCTTGCCTGCCACA
AGCCAGGGCACTGCAAGCAAATGCCCTTTCCTGGCAGCACAGATGAATCAGAGAGGCAGC
AGTGTCTTCTGCAAAGCCAGTCTTGAGCTTCAGGAGGATGTGCAGGAAATGAATGCCGTG
AGGAAAGAGGTTGCTGAAACCTCAGCAGGCCCCAGTGTGGTTAGTGTGAAAACCGATGGA
GGGGATCCCAGTGGACTGCTGAAGAACTTCCAGGACATTATGCAAAAGCAAAGACCAGAA
AGAGTGTCTCATCTTCTTCAAGATAACTTGCCAAAATCTGTTTCCACTTTTCAGTATGAT
CGTTTCTTTGAGAAAAAAATTGATGAGAAAAAGAATGACCACACCTATCGAGTTTTTAAA
ACTGTGAACCGGCGAGCACACATCTTCCCCATGGCAGATGACTATTCAGACTCCCTCATC
ACCAAAAAGCAAGTGTCAGTCTGGTGCAGTAATGACTACCTAGGAATGAGTCGCCACCCA
CGGGTGTGTGGGGCAGTTATGGACACTTTGAAACAACATGGTGCTGGGGCAGGTGGTACT
AGAAATATTTCTGGAACTAGTAAATTCCATGTGGACTTAGAGCGGGAGCTGGCAGACCTC
CATGGGAAAGATGCCGCACTCTTGTTTTCCTCGTGCTTTGTGGCCAATGACTCAACCCTC
TTCACCCTGGCTAAGATGATGCCAGGCTGTGAGATTTACTCTGATTCTGGGAACCATGCC
TCCATGATCCAAGGGATTCGAAACAGCCGAGTGCCAAAGTACATCTTCCGCCACAATGAT
GTCAGCCACCTCAGAGAACTGCTGCAAAGATCTGACCCCTCAGTCCCCAAGATTGTGGCA
TTTGAAACTGTCCATTCAATGGATGGGGCGGTGTGCCCACTGGAAGAGCTGTGTGATGTG
GCCCATGAGTTTGGAGCAATCACCTTCGTGGATGAGGTCCACGCAGTGGGGCTTTATGGG
GCTCGAGGCGGAGGGATTGGGGATCGGGATGGAGTCATGCCAAAAATGGACATCATTTCT
GGAACACTTGGCAAAGCCTTTGGTTGTGTTGGAGGGTACATCGCCAGCACGAGTTCTCTG
ATTGACACCGTACGGTCCTATGCTGCTGGCTTCATCTTCACCACCTCTCTGCCACCCATG
CTGCTGGCTGGAGCCCTGGAGTCTGTGCGGATCCTGAAGAGCGCTGAGGGACGGGTGCTT
CGCCGCCAGCACCAGCGCAACGTCAAACTCATGAGACAGATGCTAATGGATGCCGGCCTC
CCTGTTGTCCACTGCCCCAGCCACATCATCCCTGTGCGGGTTGCAGATGCTGCTAAAAAC
ACAGAAGTCTGTGATGAACTAATGAGCAGACATAACATCTACGTGCAAGCAATCAATTAC
CCTACGGTGCCCCGGGGAGAAGAGCTCCTACGGATTGCCCCCACCCCTCACCACACACCC
CAGATGATGAACTACTTCCTTGAGAATCTGCTAGTCACATGGAAGCAAGTGGGGCTGGAA
CTGAAGCCTCATTCCTCAGCTGAGTGCAACTTCTGCAGGAGGCCACTGCATTTTGAAGTG
ATGAGTGAAAGAGAGAAGTCCTATTTCTCAGGCTTGAGCAAGTTGGTATCTGCTCAGGCC
TGA

1. Bishop DF: Two different genes encode delta-aminolevulinate synthase in humans: nucleotide sequences of cDNAs for the housekeeping and erythroid genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Dec 11;18(23):7187-8. [PubMed ]
2. Bawden MJ, Borthwick IA, Healy HM, Morris CP, May BK, Elliott WH: Sequence of human 5-aminolevulinate synthase cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Oct 26;15(20):8563. [PubMed ]

1. AKB ligase
2. Glycine acetyltransferase
3. Aminoacetone synthetase

MWPGNAWRAALFWVPRGRRAQSALAQLRGILEGELEGIRGAGTWKSERVITSRQGPHIRV
DGVSGGILNFCANNYLGLSSHPEVIQAGLQALEEFGAGLSSVRFICGTQSIHKNLEAKIA
RFHQREDAILYPSCYDANAGLFEALLTPEDAVLSDELNHASIIDGIRLCKAHKYRYRHLD
MADLEAKLQEAQKHRLRLVATDGAFSMDGDIAPLQEICCLASRYGALVFMDECHATGFLG
PTGRGTDELLGVMDQVTIINSTLGKALGGASGGYTTGPGPLVSLLRQRARPYLFSNSLPP
AVVGCASKALDLLMGSNTIVQSMAAKTQRFRSKMEAAGFTISGASHPICPVMLGDARLAS
RMADDMLKRGIFVIGFSYPVVPKGKARIRVQISAVHSEEDIDRCVEAFVEVGRLHGALP

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

• acetyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + 2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )

• 1-20

ATGTGGCCTGGGAACGCCTGGCGCGCCGCACTCTTCTGGGTGCCCCGCGGCCGCCGCGCA
CAGTCAGCGCTGGCCCAGCTGCGTGGCATTCTGGAGGGGGAGCTGGAAGGCATCCGCGGA
GCTGGCACTTGGAAGAGTGAGCGGGTCATCACGTCCCGTCAGGGGCCGCACATCCGCGTG
GACGGCGTCTCCGGAGGAATCCTCAACTTCTGTGCCAACAACTACCTGGGCCTGAGCAGC
CACCCTGAGGTGATTCAGGCAGGTCTGCAGGCTCTGGAGGAGTTTGGAGCTGGCCTTAGC
TCGGTCCGCTTCATCTGTGGAACCCAGAGCATCCACAAGAATCTAGAAGCAAAAATAGCC
CGCTTCCACCAGCGGGAGGATGCCATCCTCTATCCCAGCTGTTATGACGCCAACGCCGGC
CTCTTTGAGGCCCTGCTGACCCCAGAGGACGCAGTCCTGTCGGACGAGCTGAACCATGCC
TCCATCATCGACGGCATCCGGCTGTGCAAGGCCCACAAGTACCGCTATCGCCACCTGGAC
ATGGCCGACCTAGAAGCCAAGCTGCAGGAGGCCCAGAAGCATCGGCTGCGCCTGGTGGCC
ACCGATGGGGCCTTTTCCATGGATGGCGACATCGCACCCCTGCAGGAGATCTGCTGCCTC
GCCTCTAGATATGGTGCCCTGGTCTTCATGGATGAATGCCATGCCACTGGTTTCCTGGGG
CCCACAGGACGGGGCACAGATGAGCTGCTGGGTGTGATGGACCAGGTCACCATCATCAAC
TCCACCCTGGGGAAGGCCCTGGGTGGAGCATCAGGGGGCTACACGACAGGGCCTGGGCCC
CTGGTGTCACTGCTGCGGCAGCGCGCCCGGCCATACCTCTTCTCCAACAGTCTGCCACCT
GCTGTCGTTGGCTGCGCCTCCAAGGCCCTAGATCTGCTGATGGGGAGTAACACCATTGTC
CAGTCTATGGCTGCCAAGACCCAGAGGTTCCGTAGTAAGATGGAAGCTGCTGGCTTCACT
ATCTCAGGAGCCAGTCACCCCATCTGCCCTGTGATGCTGGGTGATGCCCGGCTGGCCTCT
CGCATGGCGGATGACATGCTGAAGAGAGGCATCTTTGTCATCGGGTTCAGCTACCCCGTG
GTCCCCAAGGGCAAGGCCCGGATCCGGGTACAGATCTCAGCAGTGCATAGCGAGGAAGAC
ATTGACCGCTGCGTGGAGGCCTTCGTGGAAGTGGGGCGACTGCACGGGGCACTGCCCTGA

1. Edgar AJ, Polak JM: Molecular cloning of the human and murine 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase cDNAs. Eur J Biochem. 2000 Mar;267(6):1805-12. [PubMed ]
2. Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. [PubMed ]

MVNEARGNSSLNPCLEGSASSGSESSKDSSRCSTPGLDPERHERLREKMRRRLESGDKWF
SLEFFPPRTAEGAVNLISRFDRMAAGGPLYIDVTWHPAGDPGSDKETSSMMIASTAVNYC
GLETILHMTCCRQRLEEITGHLHKAKQLGLKNIMALRGDPIGDQWEEEEGGFNYAVDLVK
HIRSEFGDYFDICVAGYPKGHPEAGSFEADLKHLKEKVSAGADFIITQLFFEADTFFRFV
KACTDMGITCPIVPGIFPIQGYHSLRQLVKLSKLEVPQEIKDVIEPIKDNDAAIRNYGIE
LAVSLCQELLASGLVPGLHFYTLNREMATTEVLKRLGMWTEDPRRPLPWALSAHPKRREE
DVRPIFWASRPKSYIYRTQEWDEFPNGRWGNSSSPAFGELKDYYLFYLKSKSPKEELLKM
WGEELTSEESVFEVFVLYLSGEPNRNGHKVTCLPWNDEPLAAETSLLKEELLRVNRQGIL
TINSQPNINGKPSSDPIVGWGPSGGYVFQKAYLEFFTSRETAEALLQVLKKYELRVNYHL
VNVKGENITNAPELQPNAVTWGIFPGREIIQPTVVDPVSFMFWKDEAFALWIERWGKLYE
EESPSRTIIQYIHDNYFLVNLVDNDFPLDNCLWQVVEDTLELLNRPTQNARETEAP

• One Carbon Pool By Folate (map00670 )

• 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADPH + H+

• MTHFR (PF02219 )

• None

• None

ATGGTGAACGAAGCCAGAGGAAACAGCAGCCTCAACCCCTGCTTGGAGGGCAGTGCCAGC
AGTGGCAGTGAGAGCTCCAAAGATAGTTCGAGATGTTCCACCCCGGGCCTGGACCCTGAG
CGGCATGAGAGACTCCGGGAGAAGATGAGGCGGCGATTGGAATCTGGTGACAAGTGGTTC
TCCCTGGAATTCTTCCCTCCTCGAACTGCTGAGGGAGCTGTCAATCTCATCTCAAGGTTT
GACCGGATGGCAGCAGGTGGCCCCCTCTACATAGACGTGACCTGGCACCCAGCAGGTGAC
CCTGGCTCAGACAAGGAGACCTCCTCCATGATGATCGCCAGCACCGCCGTGAACTACTGT
GGCCTGGAGACCATCCTGCACATGACCTGCTGCCGTCAGCGCCTGGAGGAGATCACGGGC
CATCTGCACAAAGCTAAGCAGCTGGGCCTGAAGAACATCATGGCGCTGCGGGGAGACCCA
ATAGGTGACCAGTGGGAAGAGGAGGAGGGAGGCTTCAACTACGCAGTGGACCTGGTGAAG
CACATCCGAAGTGAGTTTGGTGACTACTTTGACATCTGTGTGGCAGGTTACCCCAAAGGC
CACCCCGAAGCAGGGAGCTTTGAGGCTGACCTGAAGCACTTGAAGGAGAAGGTGTCTGCG
GGAGCCGATTTCATCATCACGCAGCTTTTCTTTGAGGCTGACACATTCTTCCGCTTTGTG
AAGGCATGCACCGACATGGGCATCACTTGCCCCATCGTCCCCGGGATCTTTCCCATCCAG
GGCTACCACTCCCTTCGGCAGCTTGTGAAGCTGTCCAAGCTGGAGGTGCCACAGGAGATC
AAGGACGTGATTGAGCCAATCAAAGACAACGATGCTGCCATCCGCAACTATGGCATCGAG
CTGGCCGTGAGCCTGTGCCAGGAGCTTCTGGCCAGTGGCTTGGTGCCAGGCCTCCACTTC
TACACCCTCAACCGCGAGATGGCTACCACAGAGGTGCTGAAGCGCCTGGGGATGTGGACT
GAGGACCCCAGGCGTCCCCTACCCTGGGCTCTCAGTGCCCACCCCAAGCGCCGAGAGGAA
GATGTACGTCCCATCTTCTGGGCCTCCAGACCAAAGAGTTACATCTACCGTACCCAGGAG
TGGGACGAGTTCCCTAACGGCCGCTGGGGCAATTCCTCTTCCCCTGCCTTTGGGGAGCTG
AAGGACTACTACCTCTTCTACCTGAAGAGCAAGTCCCCCAAGGAGGAGCTGCTGAAGATG
TGGGGGGAGGAGCTGACCAGTGAAGCAAGTGTCTTTGAAGTCTTTGTTCTTTACCTCTCG
GGAGAACCAAACCGGAATGGTCACAAAGTGACTTGCCTGCCCTGGAACGATGAGCCCCTG
GCGGCTGAGACCAGCCTGCTGAAGGAGGAGCTGCTGCGGGTGAACCGCCAGGGCATCCTC
ACCATCAACTCACAGCCCAACATCAACGGGAAGCCGTCCTCCGACCCCATCGTGGGCTGG
GGCCCCAGCGGGGGCTATGTCTTCCAGAAGGCCTACTTAGAGTTTTTCACTTCCCGCGAG
ACAGCGGAAGCACTTCTGCAAGTGCTGAAGAAGTACGAGCTCCGGGTTAATTACCACCTT
GTCAATGTGAAGGGTGAAAACATCACCAATGCCCCTGAACTGCAGCCGAATGCTGTCACT
TGGGGCATCTTCCCTGGGCGAGAGATCATCCAGCCCACCGTAGTGGATCCCGTCAGCTTC
ATGTTCTGGAAGGACGAGGCCTTTGCCCTGTGGATTGAGCGGTGGGGAAAGCTGTATGAG
GAGGAGTCCCCGTCCCGCACCATCATCCAGTACATCCACGACAACTACTTCCTGGTCAAC
CTGGTGGACAATGACTTCCCACTGGACAACTGCCTCTGGCAGGTGGTGGAAGACACATTG
GAGCTTCTCAACAGGCCCACCCAGAATGCGAGAGAAACGGAGGCTCCATGA

1. Goyette P, Sumner JS, Milos R, Duncan AM, Rosenblatt DS, Matthews RG, Rozen R: Human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: isolation of cDNA, mapping and mutation identification. Nat Genet. 1994 Jun;7(2):195-200. [PubMed ]
2. Goyette P, Sumner JS, Milos R, Duncan AM, Rosenblatt DS, Matthews RG, Rozen R: Human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: isolation of cDNA mapping and mutation identification. Nat Genet. 1994 Aug;7(4):551. [PubMed ]
3. Goyette P, Pai A, Milos R, Frosst P, Tran P, Chen Z, Chan M, Rozen R: Gene structure of human and mouse methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) Mamm Genome. 1998 Aug;9(8):652-6. [PubMed ]
4. Goyette P, Frosst P, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Seven novel mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and genotype/phenotype correlations in severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 May;56(5):1052-9. [PubMed ]
5. Frosst P, Blom HJ, Milos R, Goyette P, Sheppard CA, Matthews RG, Boers GJ, den Heijer M, Kluijtmans LA, van den Heuvel LP, et al.: A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Nat Genet. 1995 May;10(1):111-3. [PubMed ]
6. Goyette P, Christensen B, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Severe and mild mutations in cis for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, and description of five novel mutations in MTHFR. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;59(6):1268-75. [PubMed ]
7. Schneider JA, Rees DC, Liu YT, Clegg JB: Worldwide distribution of a common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 May;62(5):1258-60. [PubMed ]
8. van der Put NM, Gabreels F, Stevens EM, Smeitink JA, Trijbels FJ, Eskes TK, van den Heuvel LP, Blom HJ: A second common mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene: an additional risk factor for neural-tube defects? Am J Hum Genet. 1998 May;62(5):1044-51. [PubMed ]
9. Kluijtmans LA, Wendel U, Stevens EM, van den Heuvel LP, Trijbels FJ, Blom HJ: Identification of four novel mutations in severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Eur J Hum Genet. 1998 May-Jun;6(3):257-65. [PubMed ]
10. Weisberg I, Tran P, Christensen B, Sibani S, Rozen R: A second genetic polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) associated with decreased enzyme activity. Mol Genet Metab. 1998 Jul;64(3):169-72. [PubMed ]
11. Sibani S, Christensen B, O'Ferrall E, Saadi I, Hiou-Tim F, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Characterization of six novel mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in patients with homocystinuria. Hum Mutat. 2000;15(3):280-7. [PubMed ]

1. (S-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase
2. Gamma-amino-N-butyrate transaminase
3. GABA transaminase
4. GABA aminotransferase
5. GABA-AT
6. GABA-T
7. L-AIBAT

MASMLLAQRLACSFQHSYRLLVPGSRHISQAAAKVDVEFDYDGPLMKTEVPGPRSQELMK
QLNIIQNAEAVHFFCNYEESRGNYLVDVDGNRMLDLYSQISSVPIGYSHPALLKLIQQPQ
NASMFVNRPALGILPPENFVEKLRQSLLSVAPKGMSQLITMACGSCSNENALKTIFMWYR
SKERGQRGFSQEELETCMINQAPGCPDYSILSFMGAFHGRTMGCLATTHSKAIHKIDIPS
FDWPIAPFPRLKYPLEEFVKENQQEEARCLEEVEDLIVKYRKKKKTVAGIIVEPIQSEGG
DNHASDDFFRKLRDIARKHGCAFLVDEVQTGGGCTGKFWAHEHWGLDDPADVMTFSKKMM
TGGFFHKEEFRPNAPYRIFNTWLGDPSKNLLLAEVINIIKREDLLNNAAHAGKALLTGLL
DLQARYPQFISRVRGRGTFCSFDTPDDSIRNKLILIARNKGVVLGGCGDKSIRFRPTLVF
RDHHAHLFLNIFSDILADFK

• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-glutamate

• Aminotran_3 (PF00202 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCTCCATGTTGCTCGCCCAGCGGCTGGCCTGCAGCTTCCAGCACACGTACCGCCTG
CTGGTGCCTGGATCCAGACACATTAGTCAAGCTGCAGCCAAAGTCGACGTTGAATTTGAT
TATGATGGGCCTCTGATGAAGACGGAAGTCCCAGGGCCTAGATCTCAGGAGTTAATGAAA
CAGCTGAATATAATTCAGAATGCAGAGGCTGTGCATTTTTTCTGCAATTACGAAGAGAGC
CGAGGCAATTACCTGGTTGATGTGGACGGCAACCGAATGCTGGATCTTTATTCCCAGATC
TCCTCTGTTCCCATAGGTTACAGCGACCCGGCCCTCGTGAAACTCATCCAACAGCCACAA
AATGCGAGCATGTTTGTCAACAGACCCGCCCTCGAAATCCTGCCTCCGGAGAACTTTGTG
GAGAAGCTCCGGCAGTCCTTGCTCTCGGTGGCTCCCAAAGGGATGTCCCAGCTCATCACC
ATGGCCTGCGGCTCCTGCTCCAATGAAAACGCCTTAAAGACCATCTTCATGTGGTACCGG
AGCAAGGAAAGAGGGCAGAGGGGATTCTCCAAAGAGGAGCTGGAGACGTGCATGATTAAC
CAGGCCCCCTGGTGCCCCGACTACAGCATCCTCTCCTTCATGGGTTCCTTCCATGGGAGG
ACCATGGGTTGCTTAGCGACCACGCACTCTAAAGCCATTCACAAGATCGATATCCCTTCC
TTTGACTGGCCCATCGCACCGTTCCCACGGCTGAAATACCCTCTGGAAGAGTTTGTGAAA
GAGAACCAACAGGAAGAGGCCGGCTGTCTGGAAGAGGTTGAGGATCTGATTGTGAAATAT
CGAAAAAAGAAGAAGACGGTGGCCGGGATCATCGTGGAGCCCATCCAGTCCGAGGGTGGA
GACAACCATGCATCCGATGACTTCTTTCGGAAGCTGAGAGACATCGCCAGGAAGCACTGC
TGCGCCTTCTTGGTGGACGAGGTCCAGACCGGAGGAGGCTGCACGGGCAAGTTCTGGGCC
CATGAGCACTGGGGCCTGGATGACCCAGCAGACGTGATGACCTTCAGCAAGAAGATGATG
ACTGGGGGCTTCTTCCTCAAGGAGGAGTTCAGGCCTAATGCTCCCTACCGGATCTTCAAC
ACGTGGCTGGGGGACCCGTCCAAGAACCTGTTGCTGGCTGAGGTCATCAACATCATCAAG
CGGGAGGACCTGCTAAATAATGCAGCCCATGCCGGGAAGGCCCTGCTCACAGGACTGCTG
GACCTCCAGGCCCGGTACCCCCAGTTCATCAGCAGGGTGAGAGGACGAGGCACCTTTTGC
TCCTTCGATACTCCCGATGATTCCATACGGAATAAGCTCATTTTAATTGCCAGAAACAAA
GGTGTGGTGTTGGGTGGCTGTGGTGACAAATCCATTCGTTTCCGTCCCACGCTGGTGTTC
AGGGATCACCACGCTCACCTGTTCCTCAATATTTTCAGTGACATCTTAGCAGACTTCAAG
TAA

1. Osei YD, Churchich JE: Screening and sequence determination of a cDNA encoding the human brain 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. Gene. 1995 Apr 3;155(2):185-7. [PubMed ]
2. De Biase D, Barra D, Simmaco M, John RA, Bossa F: Primary structure and tissue distribution of human 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. Eur J Biochem. 1995 Jan 15;227(1-2):476-80. [PubMed ]
3. Medina-Kauwe LK, Tobin AJ, De Meirleir L, Jaeken J, Jakobs C, Nyhan WL, Gibson KM: 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-transaminase) deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1999 Jun;22(4):414-27. [PubMed ]

1. L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
2. TAT

MDPYMIQMSSKGNLPSILDVHVNVGGRSSVPGKMKGRKARWSVRPSDMAKKTFNPIRAIV
DNMKVKPNPNKTMISLSIGDPTVFGNLPTDPEVTQAMKDALDSGKYNGYAPSIGFLSSRE
EIASYYHCPEAPLEAKDVILTSGCSQAIDLCLAVLANPGQNILVPRPGFSLYKTLAESMG
IEVKLYNLLPEKSWEIDLKQLEYLIDEKTACLIVNNPSNPCGSVFSKRHLQKILAVAARQ
CVPILADEIYGDMVFSDCKYEPLATLSTDVPILSCGGLAKRWLVPGWRLGWILIHDRRDI
FGNEIRDGLVKLSQRILGPCTIVQGALKSILCRTPGEFYHNTLSFLKSNADLCYGALAAI
PGLRPVRPSGAMYLMVGIEMEHFPEFENDVEFTERLVAEQSVHCLPATCFEYPNFIRVVI
TVPEVMMLEACSRIQEFCEQHYHCAEGSQEECDK

• Phenylalanine Metabolism (map00360 )
• Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism (map00400 )
• Tyrosine Metabolism (map00350 )
• Novobiocin biosynthesis (map00401 )

• L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )
• TAT_ubiq (PF07706 )

• None

• None

ATGGACCCATACATGATTCAGATGAGCAGCAAAGGCAACCTCCCCTCAATTCTGGACGTG
CATGTCAACGTTGGTGGGAGAAGCTCTGTGCCGGGAAAAATGAAAGGCAGAAAGGCCAGG
TGGTCTGTGAGGCCCTCAGACATGGCCAAGAAAACTTTCAACCCCATCCGAGCCATTGTG
GACAACATGAAGGTGAAACCAAATCCAAACAAAACCATGATTTCCCTGTCCATTGGGGAC
CCTACTGTGTTTGGAAACCTGCCTACAGACCCTGAAGTTACCCAGGCAATGAAAGATGCC
CTGGACTCGGGCAAATATAATGGCTATGCCCCATCCATCGGCTTCCTATCCAGTCGGGAG
GAGATTGCTTCTTATTACCACTGTCCTGAGGCACCCCTAGAAGCTAAGGACGTCATTCTG
ACAAGTGGCTGCAGCCAAGCTATTGACCTTTGTTTAGCTGTGTTGGCCAACCCAGGGCAG
AACATCCTGGTTCCAAGACCTGGTTTCTCTCTCTACAAGACTCTGGCTGAGTCTATGGGA
ATTGAGGTCAAACTCTACAATTTGTTGCCAGAGAAATCTTGGGAAATTGACCTGAAACAA
CTGGAATATCTAATTGATGAAAAGACAGCTTGTCTCATTGTCAATAATCCATCAAACCCC
TGTGGGTCAGTGTTCAGCAAACGTCATCTTCAGAAGATTCTGGCAGTGGCTGCACGGCAG
TGTGTCCCCATCTTAGCTGATGAGATCTATGGAGACATGGTGTTTTCGGATTGCAAATAT
GAACCACTGGCCACCCTCAGCACCGATGTCCCCATCCTGTCCTGTGGAGGGCTGGCCAAG
CGCTGGCTGGTTCCTGGCTGGAGGTTGGGCTGGATCCTCATTCATGACCGAAGAGACATT
TTTGGCAATGAGATCCGAGATGGGCTGGTGAAGCTGAGTCAGCGCATTTTGGGACCCTGT
ACCATTGTCCAGGGAGCTCTGAAAAGCATCCTATGTCGCACCCCGGGAGAGTTTTACCAC
AACACTCTGAGCTTCCTCAAGTCCAATGCTGATCTCTGTTATGGGGCGTTGGCTGCCATC
CCTGGACTCCGGCCAGTCCGCCCTTCTGGGGCTATGTACCTCATGGTTGGAATTGAGATG
GAACATTTCCCAGAATTTGAGAACGATGTGGAGTTCACGGAGCGGTTAGTTGCTGAGCAG
TCTGTCCACTGCCTCCCAGCAACGTGCTTTGAGTACCCGAATTTCATCCGAGTGGTCATC
ACAGTCCCCGAGGTGATGATGCTGGAGGCGTGCAGCCGGATCCAGGAGTTCTGTGAGCAG
CACTACCATTGTGCTGAAGGCAGCCAGGAGGAGTGTGATAAATAG

1. Rettenmeier R, Natt E, Zentgraf H, Scherer G: Isolation and characterization of the human tyrosine aminotransferase gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jul 11;18(13):3853-61. [PubMed ]
2. Zelenin SM, Mertvetsov NP: [Nucleotide sequence of the human tyrosine aminotransferase gene] Bioorg Khim. 1994 Feb;20(2):196-204. [PubMed ]
3. Seralini GE, Luu-The V, Labrie F: Cloning and expression of human tyrosine aminotransferase cDNA. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Jan 2;1260(1):97-101. [PubMed ]
4. Natt E, Kida K, Odievre M, Di Rocco M, Scherer G: Point mutations in the tyrosine aminotransferase gene in tyrosinemia type II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Oct 1;89(19):9297-301. [PubMed ]

1. AADC
2. DOPA decarboxylase
3. DDC

MNASEFRRRGKEMVDYVANYMEGIEGRQVYPDVEPGYLRPLIPAAAPQEPDTFEDIINDV
EKIIMPGVTHWHSPYFFAYFPTASSYPAMLADMLCGAIGCIGFSWAASPACTELETVMMD
WLGKMLELPKAFLNEKAGEGGGVIQGSASEATLVALLAARTKVIHRLQAASPELTQAAIM
EKLVAYSSDQAHSSVERAGLIGGVKLKAIPSDGNFAMRASALQEALERDKAAGLIPFFMV
ATLGTTTCCSFDNLLEVGPICNKEDIWLHVDAAYAGSAFICPEFRHLLNGVEFADSFNFN
PHKWLLVNFDCSAMWVKKRTDLTGAFRLDPTYLKHSHQDSGLITDYRHWQIPLGRRFRSL
KMWFVFRMYGVKGLQAYIRKHVQLSHEFESLVRQDPRFEICVEVILGLVCFRLKGSNKVN
EALLQRINSAKKIHLVPCHLRDKFVLRFAICSRTVESAHVQRAWEHIKELAADVLRAERE

• Histidine Metabolism (map00340 )
• Indole and ipecac alkaloid biosynthesis (map00901 )
• Phenylalanine Metabolism (map00360 )
• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )
• Tyrosine Metabolism (map00350 )

• L-tryptophan = tryptamine + CO2

• Pyridoxal_deC (PF00282 )

• None

• None

ATGAACGCAAGTGAATTCCGAAGGAGAGGGAAGGAGATGGTGGATTACGTGGCCAACTAC
ATGGAAGGCATTGAGGGACGCCAGGTCTACCCTGACGTGGAGCCCGGGTACCTGCGGCCG
CTGATCCCTGCCGCTGCCCCTCAGGAGCCAGACACGTTTGAGGACATCATCAACGACGTT
GAGAAGATAATCATGCCTGGGGTGACGCACTGGCACAGCCCCTACTTCTTCGCCTACTTC
CCCACTGCCAGCTCGTACCCGGCCATGCTTGCGGACATGCTGTGCGGGGCCATTGGCTGC
ATCGGCTTCTCCTGGGCGGCAAGCCCAGCATGCACAGAGCTGGAGACTGTGATGATGGAC
TGGCTCGGGAAGATGCTGGAACTACCAAAGGCATTTTTGAATGAGAAAGCTGGAGAAGGG
GGAGGAGTGATCCAGGGAAGTGCCAGTGAAGCCACCCTGGTGGCCCTGCTGGCCGCTCGG
ACCAAAGTGATCCATCGGCTGCAGGCAGCGTCCCCAGAGCTCACACAGGCCGCTATCATG
GAGAAGCTGGTGGCTTACTCATCCGATCAGGCACACTCCTCAGTGGAAAGAGCTGGGTTA
ATTGGTGGAGTGAAATTAAAAGCCATCCCCTCAGATGGCAACTTCGCCATGCGTGCGTCT
GCCCTGCAGGAAGCCCTGGAGAGAGACAAAGCGGCTGGCCTGATTCCTTTCTTTATGGTT
GCCACCCTGGGGACCACAACATGCTGCTCCTTTGACAATCTCTTAGAAGTCGGTCCTATC
TGCAACAAGGAAGACATATGGCTGCACGTTGATGCAGCCTACGCAGGCAGTGCATTCATC
TGCCCTGAGTTCCGGCACCTTCTGAATGGAGTGGAGTTTGCAGATTCATTCAACTTTAAT
CCCCACAAATGGCTATTGGTGAATTTTGACTGTTCTGCCATGTGGGTGAAAAAGAGAACA
GACTTAACGGGAGCCTTTAGACTGGACCCCACTTACCTGAAGCACAGCCATCAGGATTCA
GGGCTTATCACTGACTACCGGCATTGGCAGATACCACTGGGCAGAAGATTTCGCTCTTTG
AAAATGTGGTTTGTATTTAGGATGTATGGAGTCAAAGGACTGCAGGCTTATATCCGCAAG
CATGTCCAGCTGTCCCATGAGTTTGAGTCACTGGTGCGCCAGGATCCCCGCTTTGAAATC
TGTGTGGAAGTCATTCTGGGGCTTGTCTGCTTTCGGCTAAAGGGTTCCAACAAAGTGAAT
GAAGCTCTTCTGCAAAGAATAAACAGTGCCAAAAAAATCCACTTGGTTCCATGTCACCTC
AGGGACAAGTTTGTCCTGCGCTTTGCCATCTGTTCTCGCACGGTGGAATCTGCCCATGTG
CAGCGGGCCTGGGAACACATCAAAGAGCTGGCGGCCGACGTGCTGCGAGCAGAGAGGGAG
TAG

1. Ichinose H, Kurosawa Y, Titani K, Fujita K, Nagatsu T: Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Nov 15;164(3):1024-30. [PubMed ]
2. Scherer LJ, McPherson JD, Wasmuth JJ, Marsh JL: Human dopa decarboxylase: localization to human chromosome 7p11 and characterization of hepatic cDNAs. Genomics. 1992 Jun;13(2):469-71. [PubMed ]
3. Sumi-Ichinose C, Ichinose H, Takahashi E, Hori T, Nagatsu T: Molecular cloning of genomic DNA and chromosomal assignment of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the enzyme for catecholamine and serotonin biosynthesis. Biochemistry. 1992 Mar 3;31(8):2229-38. [PubMed ]
4. Le Van Thai A, Coste E, Allen JM, Palmiter RD, Weber MJ: Identification of a neuron-specific promoter of human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase gene. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1993 Mar;17(3-4):227-38. [PubMed ]
5. Craig SP, Thai AL, Weber M, Craig IW: Localisation of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DDC) to chromosome 7p13-->p11 by in situ hybridisation. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1992;61(2):114-6. [PubMed ]
6. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed ]

1. Transaminase A
2. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1

MAPPSVFAEVPQAQPVLVFKLTADFREDPDPRKVNLGVGAYRTDDCHPWVLPVVKKVEQK
IANDNSLNHEYLPILGLAEFRSCASRLALGDDSPALKEKRVGGVQSLGGTGALRIGADFL
ARWYNGTNNKNTPVYVSSPTWENHNAVFSAAGFKDIRSYRYWDAEKRGLDLQGFLNDLEN
APEFSIVVLHACAHNPTGIDPTPEQWKQIASVMKHRFLFPFFDSAYQGFASGNLERDAWA
IRYFVSEGFEFFCAQSFSKNFGLYNERVGNLTVVGKEPESILQVLSQMEKIVRITWSNPP
AQGARIVASTLSNPELFEEWTGNVKTMADRILTMRSELRARLEALKTPGTWNHITDQIGM
FSFTGLNPKQVEYLVNEKHIYLLPSGRINVSGLTTKNLDYVATSIHEAVTKIQ

• Arginine and Proline Metabolism (map00330 )
• Carbon fixation (map00710 )
• Cysteine Metabolism (map00272 )
• Glutamate Metabolism (map00251 )
• Phenylalanine Metabolism (map00360 )
• Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism (map00400 )
• Tyrosine Metabolism (map00350 )
• Novobiocin biosynthesis (map00401 )

• L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )

• None

• None

ATGGCACCTCCGTCAGTCTTTGCCGAGGTTCCGCAGGCCCAGCCTGTCCTGGTCTTCAAG
CTCACTGCCGACTTCAGGGAGGATCCGGACCCCCGCAAGGTCAACCTGGGAGTGGGAGCA
TATCGCACGGATGACTGCCATCCCTGGGTTTTGCCAGTAGTGAAGAAAGTGGAGCAGAAG
ATTGCTAATGACAATAGCCTAAATCACGAGTATCTGCCAATCCTGGGCCTGGCTGAGTTC
CGGAGCTGTGCTTCTCGTCTTGCCCTTGGGGATGACAGCCCAGCACTCAAGGAGAAGCGG
GTAGGAGGTGTGCAATCTTTGGGGGGAACAGGTGCACTTCGAATTGGAGCTGATTTCTTA
GCGCGTTGGTACAATGGAACAAACAACAAGAACACACCTGTCTATGTGTCCTCACCAACC
TGGGAGAATCACAATGCTGTGTTTTCCGCTGCTGGTTTTAAAGACATTCGGTCCTATCGC
TACTGGGATGCAGAGAAGAGAGGATTGGACCTCCAGGGCTTCCTGAATGATCTGGAGAAT
GCTCCTGAGTTCTCCATTGTTGTCCTCCACGCCTGTGCACACAACCCAACTGGGATTGAC
CCAACTCCGGAGCAGTGGAAGCAGATTGCTTCTGTCATGAAGCACCGGTTTCTGTTCCCC
TTCTTTGACTCAGCCTATCAGGGCTTCGCATCTGGAAACCTGGAGAGAGATGCCTGGGCC
ATTCGCTATTTTGTGTCTGAAGGCTTCGAGTTCTTCTGTGCCCAGTCCTTCTCCAAGAAC
TTCGGGCTCTACAATGAGAGAGTCGGGAATCTGACTGTGGTTGGAAAAGAACCTGAGAGC
ATCCTGCAAGTCCTTTCCCAGATGGAGAAGATCGTGCGGATTACTTGGTCCAATCCCCCC
GCCCAGGGAGCACGAATTGTGGCCAGCACCCTCTCTAACCCTGAGCTCTTTGAGGAATGG
ACAGGTAATGTGAAGACAATGGCTGACCGGATTCTGACCATGAGATCTGAACTCAGGGCA
CGACTAGAAGCCCTCAAAACCCCTGGGACCTGGAACCACATCACTGATCAAATTGGCATG
TTCAGCTTCACTGGGTTGAACCCCAAGCAGGTTGAGTATCTGGTCAATGAAAAGCACATC
TACCTGCTGCCAAGTGGTCGAATCAACGTGAGTGGCTTAACCACCAAAAATCTAGATTAC
GTGGCCACCTCCATCCATGAAGCAGTCACCAAAATCCAGTGA

1. Bousquet-Lemercier B, Pol S, Pave-Preux M, Hanoune J, Barouki R: Properties of human liver cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase mRNAs generated by alternative polyadenylation site selection. Biochemistry. 1990 Jun 5;29(22):5293-9. [PubMed ]
2. Doyle JM, Schinina ME, Bossa F, Doonan S: The amino acid sequence of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase from human liver. Biochem J. 1990 Sep 15;270(3):651-7. [PubMed ]

1. Transaminase A
2. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2

MALLHSGRVLPGIAAAFHPGLAAAASARASSWWTHVEMGPPDPILGVTEAFKRDTNSKKM
NLGVGAYRDDNGKPYVLPSVRKAEAQIAAKNLDKEYLPIGGLAEFCKASAELALGENSEV
LKSGRFVTVQTISGTGALRIGASFLQRFFKFSRDVFLPKPTWGNHTPIFRDAGMQLQGYR
YYDPKTCGFDFTGAVEDISKIPEQSVLLLHACAHNPTGVDPRPEQWKEIATVVKKRNLFA
FFDMAYQGFASGDGDKDAWAVRHFIEQGINVCLCQSYAKNMGLYGERVGAFTMVCKDADE
AKRVESQLKILIRPMYSNPPLNGARIAAAILNTPDLRKQWLQEVKGMADRIIGMRTQLVS
NLKKEGSTHNWQHITDQIGMFCFTGLKPEQVERLIKEFSIYMTKDGRISVAGVTSSNVGY
LAHAIHQVTK

• Arginine and Proline Metabolism (map00330 )
• Carbon fixation (map00710 )
• Cysteine Metabolism (map00272 )
• Glutamate Metabolism (map00251 )
• Phenylalanine Metabolism (map00360 )
• Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism (map00400 )
• Tyrosine Metabolism (map00350 )
• Novobiocin biosynthesis (map00401 )

• L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )

• 1-24

ATGGCCCTGCTGCACTCCGGCCGCGTCCTCCCCGGGATCGCCGCCGCCTTCCACCCGGGC
CTCGCCGCCGCGGCCTCTGCCAGAGCCAGCTCCTGGTGGACCCATGTGGAAATGGGACCT
CCAGATCCCATTCTGGGAGTCACTGAAGCCTTTAAGAGGGACACCAATAGCAAAAAGATG
AATCTGGGAGTTGGTGCCTACCGGGATGATAATGGAAAGCCTTACGTTCTGCCTAGCGTC
CGCAAGGCAGAGGCCCAGATTGCCGCAAAAAATTTGGACAAGGAATACCTGCCCATTGGG
GGACTGGCTGAATTTTGCAAGGCATCTGCAGAACTAGCCCTGGGTGAGAACAGCGAAGTC
TTGAAGAGTGGCCGGTTTGTCACTGTGCAGACCATTTCTGGAACTGGAGCCTTAAGGATC
GGAGCCAGTTTTCTGCAAAGATTTTTTAAGTTCAGCCGAGATGTCTTTCTGCCCAAACCA
ACCTGGGGAAACCACACACCCATCTTCAGGGATGCTGGCATGCAGCTACAAGGTTATCGG
TATTATGACCCCAAGACTTGCGGTTTTGACTTCACAGGCGCTGTGGAGGATATTTCAAAA
ATACCAGAGCAGAGTGTTCTTCTTCTGCATGCCTGCGCCCACAATCCCACGGGAGTGGAC
CCGCGTCCGGAACAGTGGAAGGAAATAGCAACAGTGGTGAAGAAAAGGAATCTCTTTGCG
TTCTTTGACATGGCCTACCAAGGCTTTGCCAGTGGTGATGGTGATAAGGATGCCTGGGCT
GTGCGCCACTTCATCGAACAGGGCATTAATGTTTGCCTCTGCCAATCATATGCCAAGAAC
ATGGGCTTATATGGTGAGCGTGTAGGAGCCTTCACTATGGTCTGCAAAGATGCGGATGAA
GCCAAAAGGGTAGAGTCACAGTTGAAGATCTTGATCCGTCCCATGTATTCCAACCCTCCC
CTCAATGGGGCCCGGATTGCTGCTGCCATTCTGAACACCCCAGATTTGCGAAAACAATGG
CTGCAAGAAGTGAAAGGCATGGCTGACCGCATCATTGGCATGCGGACTCAACTGGTCTCC
AACCTCAAGAAGGAGGGTTCCACCCACAATTGGCAACACATCACCGACCAAATTGGCATG
TTCTGTTTCACAGGGCTAAAGCCTGAACAGGTGGAGCGGCTGATCAAGGAGTTCTCCATC
TACATGACAAAAGATGGCCGCATCTCTGTGGCAGGGGTCACCTCCAGCAACGTGGGCTAC
CTTGCCCATGCCATTCACCAGGTCACCAAGTAA

1. Pol S, Bousquet-Lemercier B, Pave-Preux M, Pawlak A, Nalpas B, Berthelot P, Hanoune J, Barouki R: Nucleotide sequence and tissue distribution of the human mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase mRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Dec 30;157(3):1309-15. [PubMed ]
2. Martini F, Angelaccio S, Barra D, Pascarella S, Maras B, Doonan S, Bossa F: The primary structure of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from human heart. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1985 Nov 8;832(1):46-51. [PubMed ]

1. BCAT(c
2. ECA39 protein

MKDCSNGCSAECTGEGGSKEVVGTFKAKDLIVTPATILKEKPDPNNLVFGTVFTDHMLTV
EWSSEFGWEKPHIKPLQNLSLHPGSSALHYAVELFEGLKAFRGVDNKIRLFQPNLNMDRM
YRSAVRATLPVFDKEELLECIQQLVKLDQEWVPYSTSASLYIRPTFIGTEPSLGVKKPTK
ALLFVLLSPVGPYFSSGTFNPVSLWANPKYVRAWKGGTGDCKMGGNYGSSLFAQCEAVDN
GCQQVLWLYGEDHQITEVGTMNLFLYWINEDGEEELATPPLDGIILPGVTRRCILDLAHQ
WGEFKVSERYLTMDDLSTALEGNRVREMFGSGTACVVCPVSDILYKGETIHIPTMENGPK
LASRILSKLTDIQYGREESDWTIVLS

• Pantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis (map00770 )
• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

• Aminotran_4 (PF01063 )

• None

• None

ATGGATTGCAGTAACGGATCGGCAGAGTGTACCGGAGAAGGAGGATCAAAAGAGGTGGTG
GGGACTTTTAAGGCTAAAGACCTAATAGTCACACCAGCTACCATTTTAAAGGAAAAACCA
GACCCCAATAATCTGGTTTTTGGAACTGTGTTCACGGATCATATGCTGACGGTGGAGTGG
TCCTCAGAGTTTGGATGGGAGAAACCTCATATCAAGCCTCTTCAGAACCTGTCATTGCAC
CCTGGCTCATCAGCTTTGCACTATGCAGTGGAATTATTTGAAGGATTGAAGGCATTTCGA
GGAGTAGATAATAAAATTCGACTGTTTCAGCCAAACCTCAACATGGATAGAATGTATCGC
TCTGCTGTGAGGGCAACTCTGCCGGTATTTGACAAAGAAGAGCTCTTAGAGTGTATTCAA
CAGCTTGTGAAATTGGATCAAGAATGGGTCCCATATTCAACATCTGCTAGTCTGTATATT
CGTCCTGCATTCATTGGAACTGAGCCTTCTCTTGGAGTCAAGAAGCCTACCAAAGCCCTG
CTCTTTGTACTCTTGAGCCCAGTGGGACCTTATTTTTCAAGTGGAACCTTTAATCCAGTG
TCCCTGTGGGCCAATCCCAAGTATGTAAGAGCCTGGAAAGGTGGAACTGGGGACTGCAAG
ATGGGAGGGAATTACGGCTCATCTCTTTTTGCCCAATGTGAAGACGTAGATAATGGGTGT
CAGCAGGTCCTGTGGCTCTATGGCAGAGACCATCAGATCACTGAAGTGGGAACTATGAAT
CTTTTTCTTTACTGGATAAATGAAGATGGAGAAGAAGAACTGGCAACTCCTCCACTAGAT
GGCATCATTCTTCCAGGAGTGACAAGGCGGTGCATTCTGGACCTGGCACATCAGTGGGGT
GAATTTAAGGTGTCAGAGAGATACCTCACCATGGATGACTTGACAACAGCCCTGGAGGGG
AACAGAGTGAGAGAGATGTTTAGCTCTGGTACAGCCTGTGTTGTTTGCCCAGTTTCTGAT
ATACTGTACAAAGGCGAGACAATACACATTCCAACTATGGAGAATGGTCCTAAGCTGGCA
AGCCGCATCTTGAGCAAATTAACTGATATCCAGTATGGAAGAGAAGAGAGCGACTGGACA
ATTGTGCTATCCTGA

1. Schuldiner O, Eden A, Ben-Yosef T, Yanuka O, Simchen G, Benvenisty N: ECA39, a conserved gene regulated by c-Myc in mice, is involved in G1/S cell cycle regulation in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 9;93(14):7143-8. [PubMed ]

1. L-kynurenine hydrolase

MEPSSLELPADTVQRIAAELKCHPTDERVALHLDEEDKLRHFRECFYIPKIQDLPPVDLS
LVNKDENAIYFLGNSLGLQPKMVKTYLEEELDKWAKIAAYGHEVGKRPWITGDESIVGLM
KDIVGANEKEIALMNALTVNLHLLMLSFFKPTPKRYKILLEAKAFPSDHYAIESQLQLHG
LNIEESMRMIKPREGEETLRIEDILEVIEKEGDSIAVILFSGVHFYTGQHFNIPAITKAG
QAKGCYVGFDLAHAVGNVELYLHDWGVDFACWCSYKYLNAGAGGIAGAFIHEKHAHTIKP
ALVGWFGHELSTRFKMDNKLQLIPGVCGFRISNPPILLVCSLHASLEIFKQATMKALRKK
SVLLTGYLEYLIKHNYGKDKAATKKPVVNIITPSHVEERGCQLTITFSVPNKDVFQELEK
RGVVCDKRNPNGIRVAPVPLYNSFHDVYKFTNLLTSILDSAETKN

• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

• L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine

• Aminotran_5 (PF00266 )

• None

• None

ATGGAGCCTTCATCTCTTGAGCTGCCGGCTGACACAGTGCAGCGCATTGCGGCTGAACTC
AAATGCCACCCAACGGATGAGAGGGTGGCTCTCCACCTAGATGAGGAAGATAAGCTGAGG
CACTTCAGGGAGTGCTTTTATATTCCCAAAATACAGGATCTGCCTCCAGTTGATTTATCA
TTAGTGAATAAAGATGAAAATGCCATCTATTTCTTGGGAAATTCTCTTGGCCTTCAACCA
AAAATGGTTAAAACATATCTTGAAGAAGAACTAGATAAGTGGGCCAAAATAGCAGCCTAT
GGTCATGAAGTGGGGAAGCGTCCTTGGATTACAGGAGATGAGAGTATTGTAGGCCTTATG
AAGGACATTGTAGGAGCCAATGAGAAAGAAATAGCCCTAATGAATGCTTTGACTGTAAAT
TTACATCTTCTAATGTTATCATTTTTTAAGCCTACGCCAAAACGATATAAAATTCTTCTA
GAAGCCAAAGCCTTCCCTTCTGATCATTATGCTATTGAGTCACAACTACAACTTCACGGA
CTTAACATTGAAGAAAGTATGCGGATGATAAAGCCAAGAGAGGGGGAAGAAACCTTAAGA
ATAGAGGATATCCTTGAAGTAATTGAGAAGGAAGGAGACTCAATTGCAGTGATCCTGTTC
AGTGGGGTGCATTTTTACACTGGACAGCACTTTAATATTCCTGCCATCACAAAAGCTGGA
CAAGCGAAGGGTTGTTATGTTGGCTTTGATCTAGCACATGCAGTTGGAAATGTTGAACTC
TACTTACATGACTGGGGAGTTGATTTTGCCTGCTGGTGTTCCTACAAGTATTTAAATGCA
GGAGCAGGAGGAATTGCTGGTGCCTTCATTCATGAAAAGCATGCCCATACGATTAAACCT
GCATTAGTGGGATGGTTTGGCCATGAACTCAGCACCAGATTTAAGATGGATAACAAACTG
CAGTTAATCCCTGGGGTCTGTGGATTCCGAATTTCAAATCCTCCCATTTTGTTGGTCTGT
TCCTTGCATGCTAGTTTAGAGATCTTTAAGCAAGCGACAATGAAGGCATTGCGGAAAAAA
TCTGTTTTGCTAACTGGCTATCTGGAATACCTGATCAAGCATAACTATGGCAAAGATAAA
GCAGCAACCAAGAAACCAGTTGTGAACATAATTACTCCGTCTCATGTAGAGGAGCGGGGG
TGCCAGCTAACAATAACATTTTCTGTTCCAAACAAAGATGTTTTCCAAGAACTAGAAAAA
AGAGGAGTGGTTTGTGACAAGCGGAATCCAAATGGCATTCGAGTGGCTCCAGTTCCTCTC
TATAATTCTTTCCATGATGTTTATAAATTTACCAATCTGCTCACTTCTATACTTGACTCT
GCAGAAACAAAAAATTAG

1. Alberati-Giani D, Buchli R, Malherbe P, Broger C, Lang G, Kohler C, Lahm HW, Cesura AM: Isolation and expression of a cDNA clone encoding human kynureninase. Eur J Biochem. 1996 Jul 15;239(2):460-8. [PubMed ]
2. Toma S, Nakamura M, Tone S, Okuno E, Kido R, Breton J, Avanzi N, Cozzi L, Speciale C, Mostardini M, Gatti S, Benatti L: Cloning and recombinant expression of rat and human kynureninase. FEBS Lett. 1997 May 12;408(1):5-10. [PubMed ]

1. G6PD

MAEQVALSRTQVCGILREELFQGDAFHQSDTHIFIIMGASGDLAKKKIYPTIWWLFRDGL
LPENTFIVGYARSRLTVADIRKQSEPFFKATPEEKLKLEDFFARNSYVAGQYDDAASYQR
LNSHMNALHLGSQANRLFYLALPPTVYEAVTKNIHESCMSQIGWNRIIVEKPFGRDLQSS
DRLSNHISSLFREDQIYRIDHYLGKEMVQNLMVLRFANRIFGPIWNRDNIACVILTFKEP
FGTEGRGGYFDEFGIIRDVMQNHLLQMLCLVAMEKPASTNSDDVRDEKVKVLKCISEVQA
NNVVLGQYVGNPDGEGEATKGYLDDPTVPRGSTTATFAAVVLYVENERWDGVPFILRCGK
ALNERKAEVRLQFHDVAGDIFHQQCKRNELVIRVQPNEAVYTKMMTKKPGMFFNPEESEL
DLTYGNRYKNVKLPDAYERLILDVFCGSQMHFVRSDELREAWRIFTPLLHQIELEKPKPI
PYIYGSRGPTEADELMKRVGFQYEGTYKWVNPHKL

• Glutathione Metabolism (map00480 )
• Pentose Pathway (map00030 )

• D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+

• G6PD_C (PF02781 )
• G6PD_N (PF00479 )

• None

• None

ATGGCAGAGCAGGTGGCCCTGAGCCGGACCCACGTGTGCGGGATCCTGCGGGAAGAGCTT
TTCCAGGGCGATGCCTTCCATCAGTCGGATACACACATATTCATCATCATGGGTGCATCG
GGTGACCTGGCCAAGAAGAAGATCTACCCCACCATCTGGTGGCTGTTCCGGGATGGCCTT
CTGCCCGAAAACACCTTCATCGTGGGCTATGCCCGTTCCCGCCTCACAGTGGCTGACATC
CGCAAACAGAGTGAGCCCTTCTTCAAGGCCACCCCAGAGGAGAAGCTCAAGCTGGAGGAC
TTCTTTGCCCGCAACTCCTATGTGGCTGGCCAGTACGATGATGCAGCCTCCTACCAGCGC
CTCAACAGCCACATGAATGCCCTCCACCTGGGGTCACAGGCCAACCGCCTCTTCTACCTG
GCCTTGCCCCCGACCGTCTACGAGGCCGTCACCAAGAACATTCACGAGTCCTGCATGAGC
CAGATAGGCTGGAACCGCATCATCGTGGAGAAGCCCTTCGGGAGGGACCTGCAGAGCTCT
GACCGGCTGTCCAACCACATCTCCTCCCTGTTCCGTGAGGACCAGATCTACCGCATCGAC
CACTACCTGGGCAAGGAGATGGTGCAGAACCTCATGGTGCTGAGATTTGCCAACAGGATC
TTCGGCCCCATCTGGAACCGGGACAACATCGCCTGCGTTATCCTCACCTTCAAGGAGCCC
TTTGGCACTGAGGGTCGCGGGGGCTATTTCGATGAATTTGGGATCATCCGGGACGTGATG
CAGAACCACCTACTGCAGATGCTGTGTCTGGTGGCCATGGAGAAGCCCGCCTCCACCAAC
TCAGATGACGTCCGTGATGAGAAGGTCAAGGTGTTGAAATGCATCTCAGAGGTGCAGGCC
AACAATGTGGTCCTGGGCCAGTACGTGGGGAACCCCGATGGAGAGGGCGAGGCCACCAAA
GGGTACCTGGACGACCCCACGGTGCCCCGCGGGTCCACCACCGCCACTTTTGCAGCCGTC
GTCCTCTATGTGGAGAATGAGAGGTGGGATGGGGTGCCCTTCATCCTGCGCTGCGGCAAG
GCCCTGAACGAGCGCAAGGCCGAGGTGAGGCTGCAGTTCCATGATGTGGCCGGCGACATC
TTCCACCAGCAGTGCAAGCGCAACGAGCTGGTGATCCGCGTGCAGCCCAACGAGGCCGTG
TACACCAAGATGATGACCAAGAAGCCGGGCATGTTCTTCAACCCCGAGGAGTCGGAGCTG
GACCTGACCTACGGCAACAGATACAAGAACGTGAAGCTCCCTGACGCCTACGAGCGCCTC
ATCCTGGACGTCTTCTGCGGGAGCCAGATGCACTTCGTGCGCAGCGACGAGCTCCGTGAG
GCCTGGCGTATTTTCACCCCACTGCTGCACCAGATTGAGCTGGAGAAGCCCAAGCCCATC
CCCTATATTTATGGCAGCCGAGGCCCCACGGAGGCAGACGAGCTGATGAAGAGAGTGGGT
TTCCAGTATGAGGGCACCTACAAGTGGGTGAACCCCCACAAGCTCTGA

1. Persico MG, Viglietto G, Martini G, Toniolo D, Paonessa G, Moscatelli C, Dono R, Vulliamy T, Luzzatto L, D'Urso M: Isolation of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) cDNA clones: primary structure of the protein and unusual 5' non-coding region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Mar 25;14(6):2511-22. [PubMed ]
2. Martini G, Toniolo D, Vulliamy T, Luzzatto L, Dono R, Viglietto G, Paonessa G, D'Urso M, Persico MG: Structural analysis of the X-linked gene encoding human glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. EMBO J. 1986 Aug;5(8):1849-55. [PubMed ]
3. Chen EY, Cheng A, Lee A, Kuang WJ, Hillier L, Green P, Schlessinger D, Ciccodicola A, D'Urso M: Sequence of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cloned in plasmids and a yeast artificial chromosome. Genomics. 1991 Jul;10(3):792-800. [PubMed ]
4. Chen EY, Zollo M, Mazzarella R, Ciccodicola A, Chen CN, Zuo L, Heiner C, Burough F, Repetto M, Schlessinger D, D'Urso M: Long-range sequence analysis in Xq28: thirteen known and six candidate genes in 219.4 kb of high GC DNA between the RCP/GCP and G6PD loci. Hum Mol Genet. 1996 May;5(5):659-68. [PubMed ]
5. Kanno H, Huang IY, Kan YW, Yoshida A: Two structural genes on different chromosomes are required for encoding the major subunit of human red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Cell. 1989 Aug 11;58(3):595-606. [PubMed ]
6. Kanno H, Kondoh T, Yoshida A: 5' structure and expression of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. DNA Cell Biol. 1993 Apr;12(3):209-15. [PubMed ]
7. Toniolo D, Filippi M, Dono R, Lettieri T, Martini G: The CpG island in the 5' region of the G6PD gene of man and mouse. Gene. 1991 Jun 30;102(2):197-203. [PubMed ]
8. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed ]
9. Saunders MA, Hammer MF, Nachman MW: Nucleotide variability at G6pd and the signature of malarial selection in humans. Genetics. 2002 Dec;162(4):1849-61. [PubMed ]
10. Takizawa T, Huang IY, Ikuta T, Yoshida A: Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: primary structure and cDNA cloning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4157-61. [PubMed ]
11. Camardella L, Caruso C, Rutigliano B, Romano M, Di Prisco G, Descalzi-Cancedda F: Human erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Identification of a reactive lysyl residue labelled with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Eur J Biochem. 1988 Feb 1;171(3):485-9. [PubMed ]
12. Descalzi-Cancedda F, Caruso C, Romano M, di Prisco G, Camardella L: Amino acid sequence of the carboxy-terminal end of human erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Jan 13;118(1):332-8. [PubMed ]
13. Hirono A, Beutler E: Alternative splicing of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase messenger RNA in different tissues. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jan;83(1):343-6. [PubMed ]
14. Camardella L, Damonte G, Carratore V, Benatti U, Tonetti M, Moneti G: Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from human erythrocytes: identification of N-acetyl-alanine at the N-terminus of the mature protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Feb 6;207(1):331-8. [PubMed ]
15. Vulliamy T, Beutler E, Luzzatto L: Variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are due to missense mutations spread throughout the coding region of the gene. Hum Mutat. 1993;2(3):159-67. [PubMed ]
16. Au SW, Gover S, Lam VM, Adams MJ: Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: the crystal structure reveals a structural NADP(+) molecule and provides insights into enzyme deficiency. Structure. 2000 Mar 15;8(3):293-303. [PubMed ]
17. Kwok CJ, Martin AC, Au SW, Lam VM: G6PDdb, an integrated database of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mutations. Hum Mutat. 2002 Mar;19(3):217-24. [PubMed ]
18. Takizawa T, Yoneyama Y, Miwa S, Yoshida A: A single nucleotide base transition is the basis of the common human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant A (+). Genomics. 1987 Nov;1(3):228-31. [PubMed ]
19. Hirono A, Beutler E: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA for human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant A(-). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(11):3951-4. [PubMed ]
20. Vulliamy TJ, D'Urso M, Battistuzzi G, Estrada M, Foulkes NS, Martini G, Calabro V, Poggi V, Giordano R, Town M, et al.: Diverse point mutations in the human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene cause enzyme deficiency and mild or severe hemolytic anemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(14):5171-5. [PubMed ]
21. Beutler E, Westwood B, Prchal JT, Vaca G, Bartsocas CS, Baronciani L: New glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutations from various ethnic groups. Blood. 1992 Jul 1;80(1):255-6. [PubMed ]
22. De Vita G, Alcalay M, Sampietro M, Cappelini MD, Fiorelli G, Toniolo D: Two point mutations are responsible for G6PD polymorphism in Sardinia. Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Feb;44(2):233-40. [PubMed ]
23. Chao LT, Du CS, Louie E, Zuo L, Chen E, Lubin B, Chiu DT: A to G substitution identified in exon 2 of the G6PD gene among G6PD deficient Chinese. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Nov 11;19(21):6056. [PubMed ]
24. Perng LI, Chiou SS, Liu TC, Chang JG: A novel C to T substitution at nucleotide 1360 of cDNA which abolishes a natural Hha I site accounts for a new G6PD deficiency gene in Chinese. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Jun;1(3):205. [PubMed ]
25. Ahluwalia A, Corcoran CM, Vulliamy TJ, Ishwad CS, Naidu JM, Argusti A, Stevens DJ, Mason PJ, Luzzatto L: G6PD Kalyan and G6PD Kerala; two deficient variants in India caused by the same 317 Glu-->Lys mutation. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Jun;1(3):209-10. [PubMed ]
26. Nafa K, Reghis A, Osmani N, Baghli L, Benabadji M, Kaplan JC, Vulliamy TJ, Luzzatto L: G6PD Aures: a new mutation (48 Ile-->Thr) causing mild G6PD deficiency is associated with favism. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jan;2(1):81-2. [PubMed ]
27. Hirono A, Miwa S, Fujii H, Ishida F, Yamada K, Kubota K: Molecular study of eight Japanese cases of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency by nonradioisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Blood. 1994 Jun 1;83(11):3363-8. [PubMed ]
28. Filosa S, Cai W, Galanello R, Cao A, de Mattia D, Schettini F, Martini G: A novel single-base mutation in the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene is associated with chronic non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia. Hum Genet. 1994 Nov;94(5):560-2. [PubMed ]
29. Ganczakowski M, Town M, Bowden DK, Vulliamy TJ, Kaneko A, Clegg JB, Weatherall DJ, Luzzatto L: Multiple glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient variants correlate with malaria endemicity in the Vanuatu archipelago (southwestern Pacific). Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jan;56(1):294-301. [PubMed ]
30. Kaeda JS, Chhotray GP, Ranjit MR, Bautista JM, Reddy PH, Stevens D, Naidu JM, Britt RP, Vulliamy TJ, Luzzatto L, et al.: A new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant, G6PD Orissa (44 Ala-->Gly), is the major polymorphic variant in tribal populations in India. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Dec;57(6):1335-41. [PubMed ]
31. Mason PJ, Sonati MF, MacDonald D, Lanza C, Busutil D, Town M, Corcoran CM, Kaeda JS, Stevens DJ, al-Ismail S, et al.: New glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutations associated with chronic anemia. Blood. 1995 Mar 1;85(5):1377-80. [PubMed ]
32. Vlachos A, Westwood B, Lipton JM, Beutler E: G6PD Mount Sinai: a new severe hemolytic variant characterized by dual mutations at nucleotides 376G and 1159T (N126D). Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S154-5. [PubMed ]

MAKPLTDQEKRRQISIRGIVGVENVAELKKSFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATTRDYYFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYDKCPKRVYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMINLGLQNACDEAIYQLGLDI
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEYGIFNQKIRDGWQVEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKSRPEFMLPVHFYGKVEHTNTGTKWIDTQVVLALPYDTPVPGYMNNTVN
TMRLWSARAPNDFNLRDFNVGDYIQAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKASKFGSTRGAGTVFDAFPDQVAIQLNDTHPALAIPELMRIFVDIEKL
PWSKAWELTQKTFAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVDLVEKLLPRHLEIIYEINQKHLDRIVALFP
KDVDRLRRMSLIEEEGSKRINMAHLCIVGSHAVNGVAKIHSDIVKTKVFKDFSELEPDKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLLLCNPGLAELIAEKIGEDYVKDLSQLTKLHSFLGDDVFLRELAKVKQ
ENKLKFSQFLETEYKVKINPSSMFDVQVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVITMYNRIKKDPKKLFV
PRTVIIGGKAAPGYHMAKMIIKLITSVADVVNNDPMVGSKLKVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
TDLSEQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGEENLFIFGMRIDDVA
ALDKKGYEAKEYYEALPELKLVIDQIDNGFFSPKQPDLFKDIINMLFYHDRFKVFADYEA
YVKCQDKVSQLYMNPKAWNTMVLKNIAASGKFSSDRTIKEYAQNIWNVEPSDLKISLSNE
SNKVNGN

• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )

• (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate

• Phosphorylase (PF00343 )

• None

• None

ATGGGCGAACCGCTGACAGACCAGGAGAAGCGGCGGCAGATCAGCATCCGCGGCATCGTG
GGCGTGGAGAACGTGGCAGAGCTGAAGAAGAGTTTCAACCGGCACCTGCACTTCACGCTG
GTCAAGGACCGCAACGTGGCCACCACCCGCGACTACTACTTCGCGCTGGCGCACACGGTG
CGGGACCACCTGGTGGGGCGCTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTACGACAAGTGCCCC
AAGAGGGAATATTACCTCTCTCTGGAATTTTACATGGGCCGAACATTACAGAACACCATG
ATCAACCTCGGTCTGCAAAATGCCTGTGATGAGGCCATTTACCAGCTTGGATTGGATATA
GAAGAGTTAGAAGAAATTGAAGAAGATGCTGGACTTGGCAATGGTGGTCTTGGGAGACTT
GCTGCCTGCTTCTTGGATTCCATGGCAACCCTGGGACTTGCAGCCTATGGATACGGCATT
CGGTATGAATATGGGATTTTCAATCAGAAGATCCGAGATGGATGGCAGGTAGAAGAAGCA
GATGATTGGCTCAGATATGGAAACCCTTGGGAGAAGTCCCGCCCAGAATTCATGCTGCCT
GTGCACTTCTATGGAAAAGTAGAACACACCAACACCGGGACCAAGTGGATTGACACTCAA
GTGGTCCTGGCTCTGCCATATGACACCCCCGAGCCCGGCTACATGAATAACACTGTCAAC
ACCATGCGCCTCTGGTCTGCTCGGGCACCAAATGACTTTAACCTCAGAGACTTTAATGTT
GGAGACTACATTCAGGCTGTGCTGGACCGAAACCTGGCCGAGAACATCTCCCGGGTCCTC
TATCCCAATGACAATTTTTTTGAAGGGAAGGAGCTAAGATTGAAGCAGGAATACTTTGTG
GTGGCTGCAACCTTGCAAGATATCATCCGCCGTTTCAAAGCCTCCAAGTTTGGCTCCACC
CGTGGTCAAGGAACTGTGTTTGATGCCTTCCCGGATCAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTGAATGAT
ACTCACCCTCGCATCGCGATCCCTGAGCTGATGAGGATTTTTGTGGATATTGAAAAACTG
CCCTGGTCCAAGGCATGGGAGCTCAACCAGAAGACCTTCGCCTACACCAACCACACAGTG
CTCCCGGAAGCCCTGGAGCGCTGGCCCGTGGACCTGGTGGAGAAGCTGCTCCCTCGACAT
TTGGAAATCATTTATGAGATAAATCAGAAGCATTTAGATAGAATTGTGGCCTTGTTTCCT
AAAGATGTGGACCCTCTGAGAAGGATGTCTCTGATAGAAGAGGAAGGAAGCAAAAGGATC
AACATGGCCCATCTCTGCATTGTCGGTTCCCATGCTGTGAATGGCGTGGCTAAAATCCAC
TCAGACATCGTGAAGACTAAAGTATTCAAGGACTTCAGTGAGCTAGAACCTGACAAGTTT
CAGAATAAAACCAATGGGATCACTCCAAGGCGCTGGCTCCTACTCTGCAACCCAGGACTT
GCAGAGCTCATAGCAGAGAAAATTGGAGAAGACTATGTGAAAGACCTGAGCCAGCTGACG
AAGCTCCACAGCTTCCTGGGTGATGATGTCTTCCTCCGGGAACTCGCCAAGGTGAAGCAG
GAGAATAAGCTGAAGTTTTCTCAGTTCCTGGAGACGGAGTACAAAGTGAAGATCAACCCA
TCCTCCATGTTTGATGTCCAGGTGAAGAGGATACATGAGTACAAGCGACAGCTCTTGAAC
TGTCTGCATGTGATCACGATGTACAACCGCATTAAGAAAGACCCTAAGAAGTTATTCGTG
CCAAGGACAGTTATCATTGGTGGTAAAGCTGCCCCAGGATATCACATGGCCAAAATGATC
ATAAAGCTGATCACTTCAGTGGCAGATGTGGTGAACAATGACCCTATGGTTGGAAGCAAG
TTGAAAGTCATCTTCTTGGAGAACTACAGAGTATCTCTTGCTGAAAAAGTCATTCCAGCC
ACAGATCTGTCAGAGCAGATTTCCACTGCAGGCACCGAAGCCTCGGGGACAGGCAATATG
AAGTTCATGCTAAATGGGGCCCTAACTATCGGGACCATGGATGGGGCCAATGTGGAAATG
GCAGAAGAAGCTGGGGAAGAGAACCTGTTCATCTTTGGCATGAGCATAGATGATGTGGCT
GCTTTGGACAAGAAAGGGTACGAGGCAAAAGAATACTATGAGGCACTTCCAGAGCTGAAG
CTGGTCATTGATCAAATTGACAATGGCTTTTTTTCTCCCAAGCAGCCTGACCTCTTCAAA
GATATCATCAACATGCTATTTTATCATGACAGGTTTAAAGTCTTTGCAGACTACGAAGCC
TATGTCAAGTGTCAAGATAAAGTGAGTCAGCTGTACATGAATCCAAAGGCCTGGAACACA
ATGGTACTCAAAAACATAGCTGCCTCGGGGAAATTCTCCAGTGACCGAACAATTAAAGAA
TATGCCCAAAACATCTGGAACGTGGAACCTTCAGATCTAAAGATTTCTCTATCCAATGAA
TCTAACAAAGTCAATGGAAATTGA

1. Newgard CB, Nakano K, Hwang PK, Fletterick RJ: Sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding human liver glycogen phosphorylase reveals tissue-specific codon usage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8132-6. [PubMed ]
2. Chang S, Rosenberg MJ, Morton H, Francomano CA, Biesecker LG: Identification of a mutation in liver glycogen phosphorylase in glycogen storage disease type VI. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 May;7(5):865-70. [PubMed ]
3. Burwinkel B, Bakker HD, Herschkovitz E, Moses SW, Shin YS, Kilimann MW: Mutations in the liver glycogen phosphorylase gene (PYGL) underlying glycogenosis type VI. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Apr;62(4):785-91. [PubMed ]
4. Gorin FA, Mullinax RL, Ignacio PC, Neve RL, Kurnit DM: McArdle's & Hers' diseases: glycogen phosphorylase transcriptional expression in human tissues. J Neurogenet. 1987 Dec;4(6):293-308. [PubMed ]
5. Rath VL, Ammirati M, Danley DE, Ekstrom JL, Gibbs EM, Hynes TR, Mathiowetz AM, McPherson RK, Olson TV, Treadway JL, Hoover DJ: Human liver glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors bind at a new allosteric site. Chem Biol. 2000 Sep;7(9):677-82. [PubMed ]
6. Rath VL, Ammirati M, LeMotte PK, Fennell KF, Mansour MN, Danley DE, Hynes TR, Schulte GK, Wasilko DJ, Pandit J: Activation of human liver glycogen phosphorylase by alteration of the secondary structure and packing of the catalytic core. Mol Cell. 2000 Jul;6(1):139-48. [PubMed ]
7. Ekstrom JL, Pauly TA, Carty MD, Soeller WC, Culp J, Danley DE, Hoover DJ, Treadway JL, Gibbs EM, Fletterick RJ, Day YS, Myszka DG, Rath VL: Structure-activity analysis of the purine binding site of human liver glycogen phosphorylase. Chem Biol. 2002 Aug;9(8):915-24. [PubMed ]

1. Myophosphorylase

MSRPLSDQEKRKQISVRGLAGVENVTELKKNFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATPRDYYFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYEKDPKRIYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMVNLALENACDEATYQLGLDM
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEFGIFNQKISGGWQMEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKARPEFTLPVHFYGHVEHTSQGAKWVDTQVVLAMPYDTPVPGYRNNVVN
TMRLWSAKAPNDFNLKDFNVGGYIQAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKSSKFGCRDPVRTNFDAFPDKVAIQLNDTHPSLAIPELMRILVDLERM
DWDKAWDVTVRTCAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVHLLETLLPRHLQIIYEINQRFLNRVAAAFP
GDVDRLRRMSLVEEGAVKRINMAHLCIAGSHAVNGVARIHSEILKKTIFKDFYELEPHKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLVLCNPGLAEVIAERIGEDFISDLDQLRKLLSFVDDEAFIRDVAKVKQ
ENKLKFAAYLEREYKVHINPNSLFDIQVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVITLYNRIKREPNKFFV
PRTVMIGGKAAPGYHMAKMIIRLVTAIGDVVNHDPAVGDRLRVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
ADLSEQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGEENFFIFGMRVEDVD
KLDQRGYNAQEYYDRIPELRQVIEQLSSGFFSPKQPDLFKDIVNMLMHHDRFKVFADYED
YIKCQEKVSALYKNPREWTRMVIRNIATSGKFSSDRTIAQYAREIWGVEPSRQRLPAPDE
AI

• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )

• (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate

• Phosphorylase (PF00343 )

• None

• None

ATGTCCCGGCCCCTGTCAGACCAAGAGAAAAGAAAGCAAATCAGTGTGCGTGGCCTGGCC
GGCGTGGAGAACGTGACTGAGCTGAAAAAGAACTTCAACCGGCACCTGCATTTCACACTC
GTAAAGGACCGCAATGTGGCCACCCCACGAGACTACTACTTTGCTCTGGCCCATACCGTG
CGCGACCACCTCGTGGGGCGGTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTATGAGAAGGACCCC
AAGAGGATCTACTACCTGTCTTTAGAGTTCTATATGGGACGGACGCTACAGAACACCATG
GTGAACCTGGCCTTAGAGAATGCCTGTGACGAGGCCACCTACCAGCTGGGCCTGGACATG
GAGGAGCTGGAGGAAATTGAGGAGGATGCGGGGCTGGGCAACGGGGGCCTGGGCCGGCTG
GCAGCCTGCTTTCTTGACTCCATGGCAACACTGGGCCTGGCTGCCTATGGCTACGGGATT
CGCTATGAGTTTGGGATTTTTAACCAGAAGATCTCCGGGGGCTGGCAGATGGAGGAGGCC
GATGACTGGCTTCGCTACGGCAACCCCTGGGAGAAGGCCCGGCCCGAGTTCACGCTACCT
GTGCACTTCTACGGCCATGTGGAGCACACCAGCCAGGGTGCCAAGTGGGTGGACACACAG
GTGGTACTGGCCATGCCCTACGATACCCCGGTGCCTGGCTATCGCAACAATGTTGTCAAC
ACCATGCGCCTCTGGTCTGCCAAGGCTCCCAATGACTTCAACCTCAAGGACTTCAATGTC
GGTGGCTACATCCAGGCTGTGTTGGACCGAAACCTGGCGGAGAACATCTCTCGTGTCCTG
TACCCCAATGATAATTTCTTCGAAGGGAAGGAGCTGCGGCTGAAGCAGGAGTATTTCGTG
GTGGCTGCCACCCTCCAGGACATCATCCGTCGCTTCAAGTCTTCCAAGTTCGGCTGCCGT
GATCCCGTGCGCACGAACTTCGATGCCTTCCCAGATAAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTCAATGAC
ACCCACCCCTCCCTGGCCATCCCCGAGCTGATGAGGATCCTGGTGGACCTGGAACGGATG
GACTGGGACAAGGCGTGGGATGTGACAGTGAGGACCTGTGCCTACACCAACCACACGGTG
CTGCCCGAGGCCCTGGAGCGCTGGCCGGTGCACCTCTTGGAGACGCTGCTGCCGCGGCAC
CTCCAGATCATCTACGAGATCAACCAGCGCTTCCTCAACCGGGTGGCGGCCGCATTCCCA
GGGGACGTAGACCGGCTGCGGCGCATGTCGCTGGTGGAGGAGGGCGCAGTGAAGCGCATC
AACATGGCACACCTGTGCATCGCGGGGTCGCACGCCGTCAACGGTGTGGCCCGCATCCAC
TCGGAGATCCTCAAGAAGACCATCTTCAAAGACTTCTATGAGCTGGAGCCTCATAAGTTC
CAGAATAAGACCAACGGCATCACCCCTCGGCGCTGGCTGGTTCTGTGTAACCCCGGGCTG
GCAGAGGTCATTGCTGAGCGCATCGGGGAGGACTTCATCTCTGACCTGGACCAGCTGCGC
AAACTGCTCTCCTTTGTGGATGATGAAGCTTTCATTCGGGATGTGGCCAAAGTGAAGCAG
GAAAACAAGTTGAAGTTTGCTGCCTACCTAGAGAGGGAATACAAAGTCCACATCAACCCC
AACTCACTCTTCGACATCCAGGTGAAGCGGATTCACGAATATAAACGACAGCTCCTCAAC
TGCCTCCATGTCATCACCCTGTACAACCGCATCAAGAGGGAGCCCAATAAGTTTTTTGTG
CCTCGGACTGTGATGATTGGAGGGAAGGCTGCACCTGGGTACCACATGGCCAAGATGATC
ATCAGACTCGTCACAGCCATCGGGGATGTGGTCAACCATGACCCGGCAGTGGGTGACCGC
CTCCGTGTCATCTTCCTGGAGAACTACCGAGTCTCACTGGCCGAGAAAGTGATCCCAGCT
GCAGACCTCTCTGAGCAGATCTCCACTGCGGGCACTGAAGCCTCAGGCACCGGCAACATG
AAGTTCATGCTCAACGGGGCTCTGACCATTGGCACCATGGACGGGGCCAATGTGGAGATG
GCAGAAGAGGCGGGAGAGGAAAACTTCTTCATCTTTGGCATGCGGGTGGAGGATGTGGAT
AAGCTTGACCAAAGAGGGTACAATGCCCAGGAGTACTACGATCGCATTCCTGAGCTTCGG
CAGGTCATTGAGCAGCTGAGCAGTGGCTTCTTCTCCCCCAAACAACCCGACCTGTTCAAG
GACATTGTCAATATGCTCATGCACCATGACCGGTTTAAAGTCTTCGCAGATTATGAAGAC
TACATTAAATGCCAGGAGAAAGTCAGCGCCTGGTACAAGAACCCAAGAGAGTGGACGCGG
ATGGTGATCCGGAACATAGCCACTTCTGGCAAGTTCTCCAGTGACCGCACCATTGCCCAG
TATGCCCGGGAGATCTGGGGTGTGGAGCCTTCCCGCCAGCGCCTGCCAGCCCCGGATGAG
GCCATCTGA

1. Burke J, Hwang P, Anderson L, Lebo R, Gorin F, Fletterick R: Intron/exon structure of the human gene for the muscle isozyme of glycogen phosphorylase. Proteins. 1987;2(3):177-87. [PubMed ]
2. Hwang PK, See YP, Vincentini AM, Powers MA, Fletterick RJ, Crerar MM: Comparative sequence analysis of rat, rabbit, and human muscle glycogen phosphorylase cDNAs. Eur J Biochem. 1985 Oct 15;152(2):267-74. [PubMed ]
3. Gautron S, Daegelen D, Mennecier F, Dubocq D, Kahn A, Dreyfus JC: Molecular mechanisms of McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency). RNA and DNA analysis. J Clin Invest. 1987 Jan;79(1):275-81. [PubMed ]
4. Tsujino S, Shanske S, DiMauro S: Molecular genetic heterogeneity of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 22;329(4):241-5. [PubMed ]
5. Tsujino S, Shanske S, Martinuzzi A, Heiman-Patterson T, DiMauro S: Two novel missense mutations (E654K, L396P) in Caucasian patients with myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Hum Mutat. 1995;6(3):276-7. [PubMed ]
6. Tsujino S, Shanske S, Nonaka I, DiMauro S: The molecular genetic basis of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Muscle Nerve. 1995;3:S23-7. [PubMed ]
7. Vorgerd M, Kubisch C, Burwinkel B, Reichmann H, Mortier W, Tettenborn B, Pongratz D, Lindemuth R, Tegenthoff M, Malin JP, Kilimann MW: Mutation analysis in myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Ann Neurol. 1998 Mar;43(3):326-31. [PubMed ]
8. Gamez J, Fernandez R, Bruno C, Andreu AL, Cervera C, Navarro C, Schwartz S, Dimauro S: A new mutation in the regulatory domain of the myophosphorylase gene affecting protein dimer contact. Muscle Nerve. 1999 Aug;22(8):1136-8. [PubMed ]
9. Andreu AL, Bruno C, Tamburino L, Gamez J, Shanske S, Cervera C, Navarro C, DiMauro S: A new mutation in the myophosphorylase gene (Asn684Tyr) in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 1999 May;9(3):171-3. [PubMed ]
10. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Garcia A, Campos Y, Cabello A, Culebras JM, Arenas J: McArdle's disease associated with homozygosity for the missense mutation Gly204Ser of the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient. Neuromuscul Disord. 1999 May;9(3):174-5. [PubMed ]
11. Fernandez R, Navarro C, Andreu AL, Bruno C, Shanske S, Gamez J, Teijeira S, Hernandez I, Teijeiro A, Fernandez JM, Musumeci O, DiMauro S: A novel missense mutation (W797R) in the myophosphorylase gene in Spanish patients with McArdle disease. Arch Neurol. 2000 Feb;57(2):217-9. [PubMed ]
12. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Campos Y, Auciello R, Cabello A, Arenas J: A missense mutation W797R in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Muscle Nerve. 2000 Jan;23(1):129-31. [PubMed ]
13. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Campos Y, Cabello A, Arenas J: A missense mutation T487N in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2000 Feb;10(2):138-40. [PubMed ]
14. Martin MA, Rubio JC, Campos Y, Ricoy JR, Cabello A, Arenas J: A homozygous missense mutation (A659D) in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2000 Aug;10(6):447-9. [PubMed ]
15. Martin MA, Rubio JC, Buchbinder J, Fernandez-Hojas R, del Hoyo P, Teijeira S, Gamez J, Navarro C, Fernandez JM, Cabello A, Campos Y, Cervera C, Culebras JM, Andreu AL, Fletterick R, Arenas J: Molecular heterogeneity of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease): a genotype-phenotype correlation study. Ann Neurol. 2001 Nov;50(5):574-81. [PubMed ]
16. Bruno C, Lanzillo R, Biedi C, Iadicicco L, Minetti C, Santoro L: Two new mutations in the myophosphorylase gene in Italian patients with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2002 Jun;12(5):498-500. [PubMed ]

MAKPLTDSEKRKQISVRGLAGLGDVAEVRKSFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATPRDYFFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYERDPKRIYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMVNLGLQNACDEAIYQLGLDL
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEFGIFNQKIVNGWQVEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKARPEYMLPVHFYGRVEHTPDGVKWLDTQVVLAMPYDTPVPGYKNNTVN
TMRLWSAKAPNDFKLQDFNVGDYIEAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKSSKFGCRDPVRTCFETFPDKVAIQLNDTHPALSIPELMRILVDVEKV
DWDKAWEITKKTCAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVSMFEKLLPRHLEIIYAINQRHLDHVAALFP
GDVDRLRRMSVIEEGDCKRINMAHLCVIGSHAVNGVARIHSEIVKQSVFKDFYELEPEKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLLLCNPGLADTIVEKIGEEFLTDLSQLKKLLPLVSDEVFIRDVAKVKQ
ENKLKFSAFLEKEYKVKINPSSMFDVHVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVVTLYNRIKRDPAKAFV
PRTVMIGGKAAPGYHMAKLIIKLVTSIGDVVNHDPVVGDRLKVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
ADLSQQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGAENLFIFGLRVEDVE
ALDRKGYNAREYYDHLPELKQAVDQISSGFFSPKEPDCFKDIVNMLMHHDRFKVFADYEA
YMQCQAQVDQLYRNPKEWTKKVIRNIACSGKFSSDRTITEYAREIWGVEPSDLQIPPPNI
PRD

• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )

• (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate

• Phosphorylase (PF00343 )

• None

• None

ATGGGCGAACCGCTGACGGACAGCGAGAAGCGGAAGCAGATCAGCGTGCGCGGCCTGGCG
GGGCTAGGCGACGTGGCCGAGGTGCGGAAGAGCTTCAACCGGCACTTGCACTTCACGCTG
GTCAAGGACCGCAATGTGGCCACGCCCCGCGACTACTTCTTCGCGCTGGCGCACACGGTG
CGCGACCACCTCGTGGGCCGCTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTACGAGCGCGACCCC
AAGCGAATTTATTATCTTTCCCTGGAATTCTACATGGGTCGCACGCTGCAGAACACGATG
GTGAACCTGGGCCTTCAGAATGCCTGCGATGAAGCCATCTATCAGTTGGGGTTAGACTTG
GAGGAACTCGAGGAGATAGAAGAAGATGCTGGCCTTGGGAATGGAGGCCTGGGGAGGCTG
GCAGCGTGTTTCCTTGACTCAATGGCTACCTTGGGCCTGGCAGCATACGGCTATGGAATC
CGCTATGAATTTGGGATTTTTAACCAGAAGATTGTCAATGGCTGGCAGGTAGAGGAGGCC
GATGACTGGCTGCGCTACGGCAACCCCTGGGAGAAAGCGCGGCCTGAGTATATGCTTCCC
GTGCACTTCTACGGACGCGTGGAGCACACCCCCGACGGCGTGAAGTGGCTGGACACACAG
GTGGTGCTGGCCATGCCCTACGACACCCCAGTGCCCGGCTACAAGAACAACACCGTCAAC
ACCATGCGGCTGTGGTCCGCAAGGGCTCCCAACGACTTCAAGCTGCAGGACTTCAACGTG
GGAGACTACATCGAGGCGGTCCTGGACCGGAACTTGGCTGAGAACATCTCCAGGGTCCTG
TATCCAAATGATAACTTCTTTGAGGGGAAGGAGCTGCGGCTGAAGCAGGAGTACTTCGTG
GTGGGCGCCACGCTCCAGGACATCATCCGCCGCTTCAAGTCGTCCAAGTTCGGCTGCCGG
GACCCTGTGAGAACCTGTTTCGAGACGTTCCCAGACAAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTGAACGAC
ACCCACCCCGCCCTCTCCATCCCTGAGCTCATGCGGATCCTGGTGGACGTGGAGAAGGTG
GACTGGGACAAGGCCTGGGAAATCACGAAGAAGACCTGTGCATACACCAACCACACTGTG
CTGCCTGAGGCCTTGGAGCGCTGGCCCGTGTCCATGTTTGAGAAGCTGCTGCCGCGGCAC
CTGGAGATAATCTATGCCATCAACCAGCGGCACCTGGACCACGTGGCCGCGCTGTTTCCC
GGCGATGTGGACCGCCTGCGCAGGATGTCTGTGATCGAGGAGGGGGACTGCAAGCGGATC
AACATGGCCCACCTGTGTGTGATTGGGTCCCATGCTGTCAATGGTGTGGCGAGGATCCAC
TCGGAGATCGTGAAACAGTCGGTCTTTAAGGATTTTTATGAACTGGAGCCAGAGAAGTTC
CAGAATAAGACCAATGGCATCACCCCCCGCCGGTGGCTGCTGCTGTGCAACCCGGGGCTG
GCCGATACCATCGTGGAGAAAATTGGGGAGGAGTTCCTGACTGACCTGAGCCAGCTGAAG
AAGCTGCTGCCGCTGGTCAGTGACGAGGTGTTCATCAGGGACGTGGCCAAGGTCAAACAG
GAGAACAAGCTCAAGTTCTCGGCCTTCCTGGAGAAGGAGTACAAGGTGAAGATCAACCCC
TCCTCCATGTTCGATGTGCATGTGAAGAGGATCCACGAGTACAAGCGGCAGCTGCTCAAC
TGCCTGCACGTCGTCACCCTGTACAATCGAATCAAGAGAGACCCGGCCAAGGCTTTTGTG
CCCAGGACTGTTATGATTGGGGGCAAGGCAGCGCCCGGTTACCACATGGCCAAGCTGATC
ATCAAGTTGGTCACCTCCATCGGCGACGTCGTCAATCATGACCCAGTTGTGGGTGACAGG
TTGAAAGTGATCTTCCTGGAGAACTACCGTGTGTCCTTGGCTGAGAAAGTGATCCCGGCC
GCTGATCTGTCGCAGCAGATCTCCACTGCAGGCACCGAGGCCTCAGGCACAGGCAACATG
AAGTTCATGCTCAACGGGGCCCTCACCATCGGCACCATGGACGGCGCCAACGTGGAGATG
GCCGAGGAGGCCGGGGCCGAGAACCTCTTCATCTTCGGCCTGCGGGTGGAGGATGTCGAG
GCCTTGGACCGGAAAGGGTACAATGCCAGGGAGTACTACGACCACCTGCCCGAGCTGAAG
CAGGCCGTGGACCAGATCAGCAGTGGCTTTTTTTCTCCCAAGGAGCCAGACTGCTTCAAG
GACATCGTGAACATGCTGATGCACCATGACAGGTTCAAGGTGTTTGCAGACTATGAAGCC
TACATGCAGTGCCAGGCACAGGTGGACCAGCTGTACCGGAACCCCAAGGAGTGGACCAAG
AAGGTCATCAGGAACATCGCCTGCTCGGGCAAGTTCTCCAGTGACCGGACCATCACGGAG
TATGCACGGGAGATCTGGGGTGTGGAGCCCTCCGACCTGCAGCTTCAGCACCTGCCCCAC
CCAGAGTGGGAGTCAGGTGGAGCCACCTGCTGGGCTCCCCCAGAACTTTGCACACATCTT
GCTATGTATTAG

1. Newgard CB, Littman DR, van Genderen C, Smith M, Fletterick RJ: Human brain glycogen phosphorylase. Cloning, sequence analysis, chromosomal mapping, tissue expression, and comparison with the human liver and muscle isozymes. J Biol Chem. 1988 Mar 15;263(8):3850-7. [PubMed ]
2. Gelinas RP, Froman BE, McElroy F, Tait RC, Gorin FA: Human brain glycogen phosphorylase: characterization of fetal cDNA and genomic sequences. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1989 Nov;6(2-3):177-85. [PubMed ]
3. Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed ]
4. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed ]

1. KAT/AadAT
2. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase II
3. Kynurenine aminotransferase II
4. Kynurenine--oxoglutarate aminotransferase II
5. 2-aminoadipate transaminase
6. 2- aminoadipate aminotransferase
7. Alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase
8. AadAT

MNYARFITAASAARNPSPIRTMTDILSRGPKSMISLAGGLPNPNMFPFKTAVITVENGKT
IQFGEEMMKRALQYSPSAGIPELLSWLKQLQIKLHNPPTIHYPPSQGQMDLCVTSGSQQG
LCKVFEMIINPGDNVLLDEPAYSGTLQSLHPLGCNIINVASDESGIVPDSLRDILSRWKP
EDAKNPQKNTPKFLYTVPNGNNPTGNSLTSERKKEIYELARKYDFLIIEDDPYYFLQFNK
FRVPTFLSMDVDGRVIRADSFSKIISSGLRIGFLTGPKPLIERVILHIQVSTLHPSTFNQ
LMISQLLHEWGEEGFMAHVDRVIDFYSNQKDAILAAADKWLTGLAEWHVPAAGMFLWIKV
KGINDVKELIEEKAVKMGVLMLPGNAFYVDSSAPSPYLRASFSSASPEQMDVAFQVLAQL
IKESL

• Lysine Biosynthesis (map00300 )
• Lysine Degradation (map00310 )

• L-2-aminoadipate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-oxoadipate + L-glutamate

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )

• None

• None

ATGAATTACGCACGGTTCATCACGGCAGCGAGCGCAGCCAGAAACCCTTCTCCCATCCGG
ACCATGACTGACATATTGAGCAGAGGACCAAAATCGATGATCTCCTTGGCTGGTGGCTTA
CCAAATCCAAACATGTTTCCTTTTAAGACTGCCGTAATCACTGTAGAAAATGGAAAGACC
ATCCAATTTGGAGAAGAGATGATGAAGAGAGCACTTCAGTATTCTCCGAGTGCTGGAATT
CCAGAGCTTTTGTCCTGGCTAAAACAGTTACAAATAAAATTGCATAATCCTCCTACCATC
CATTACCCACCCAGTCAAGGACAAATGGATCTATGTGTCACATCTGGCAGCCAACAAGGT
CTTTGTAAGGTGTTTGAAATGATCATTAATCCTGGAGATAATGTCCTCCTAGATGAACCT
GCTTATTCAGGAACTCTTCAAAGTCTGCACCCACTGGGCTGCAACATTATTAATGTTGCC
AGTGATGAAAGTGGGATTGTTCCAGATTCCCTAAGAGACATACTTTCCAGATGGAAACCA
GAAGATGCAAAGAATCCCCAGAAAAACACCCCCAAATTTCTTTATACTGTTCCAAATGGC
AACAACCCTACTGGAAACTCATTAACCAGTGAACGCAAAAAGGAAATCTATGAGCTTGCA
AGAAAATATGATTTCCTCATAATAGAAGATGATCCTTACTATTTTCTCCAGTTTAACAAG
TTCAGGGTACCAACATTTCTTTCCATGGATGTTGATGGACGTGTCATCAGAGCTGACTCT
TTTTCAAAAATCATTTCCTCTGGGTTGAGAATAGGATTTTTAACTGGTCCAAAACCCTTA
ATAGAGAGAGTTATTTTACACATACAAGTTTCAACATTGCACCCCAGCACTTTTAACCAG
CTCATGATATCACAGCTTCTACACGAATGGGGAGAAGAAGGTTTCATGGCTCATGTAGAC
AGGGTTATTGATTTCTATAGTAACCAGAAGGATGCAATACTGGCAGCTGCAGACAAGTGG
TTAACTGGTTTGGCAGAATGGCATGTTCCTGCTGCTGGAATGTTTTTATGGATTAAAGTT
AAAGGCATTAATGATGTAAAAGAACTGATTGAAGAAAAGGCCGTTAAGATGGGGGTATTA
ATGCTCCCTGGAAATGCTTTCTACGTCGATAGCTCAGCTCCTAGCCCTTACTTGAGAGCA
TCCTTCTCTTCAGCTTCTCCAGAACAGATGGATGTGGCCTTCCAGGTATTAGCACAACTT
ATAAAAGAATCTTTATGA

1. (R-3-amino-2-methylpropionate--pyruvate transaminase
2. AGT 2
3. Beta-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase
4. Beta- ALAAT II
5. D-AIBAT

MTLIWRHLLRPLCLVTSAPRILEMHPFLSLGTSRTSVTKLSLHTKPRMPPCDFMPERYQS
LGYNRVLEIHKEHLSPVVTAYFQKPLLLHQGHMEWLFDAEGSRYLDFFSGIVTVSVGHCH
PKVNAVAQKQLGRLWHTSTVFFHPPMHEYAEKLAALLPEPLKVIFLVNSGSEANELAMLM
ARAHSNNIDIISFRGAYHGCSPYTLGLTNVGTYKMELPGGTGCQPTMCPDVFRGPWGGSH
CRDSPVQTIRKCSCAPDCCQAKDQYIEQFKDTLSTSVAKSIAGFFAEPIQGVNGVVQYPK
GFLKEAFELVRARGGVCIADEVQTGFGRLGSHFWGFQTHDVLPDIVTMAKGIGNGFPMAA
VITTPEIAKSLAKCLQHFNTFGGNPMACAIGSAVLEVIKEENLQENSQEVGTYMLLKFAK
LRDEFEIVGDVRGKGLMIGIEMVQDKISCRPLPREEVNQIHEDCKHMGLLVGRGSIFSQT
FRIAPSMCITKPEVDFAVEVFRSALTQHMERRAK

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

• L-alanine + glyoxylate = pyruvate + glycine

• Aminotran_3 (PF00202 )

• 1-24

ATGACTCTAATCTGGAGACATTTGCTGAGACCCTTGTGCCTGGTCACTTCCGCTCCCAGG
ATCCTTGAGATGCATCCTTTCCTGAGCCTAGGTACTTCCCGGACATCAGTAACCAAGCTC
AGTCTTCATACAAAGCCCAGAATGCCTCCATGTGACTTCATGCCTGAAAGATACCAGTCC
CTTGGCTACAACCGTGTCCTGGAAATCCACAAGGAACATCTTTCTCCTGTGGTGACGGCA
TATTTCCAGAAACCCCTGCTGCTCCACCAGGGGCACATGGAGTGGCTCTTTGATGCTGAA
GGAAGCAGATACCTGGATTTCTTTTCCGGGATTGTTACTGTCAGTGTTGGCCATTGCCAC
CCAAAGGTGAATGCAGTGGCACAAAAGCAGCTCGGCCGCCTGTGGCATACAAGCACCGTC
TTCTTCCACCCTCCAATGCATGAATATGCAGAGAAGCTTGCCGCACTTCTTCCTGAGCCT
CTTAAGGTCATTTTCTTGGTGAACAGTGGCTCAGAAGCCAATGAGCTGGCCATGCTGATG
GCCAGGGCGCACTCAAACAACATAGACATCATTTCTTTCAGAGGAGCCTACCATGGATGC
AGTCCTTACACACTTGGCTTGACAAACGTAGGGACCTACAAGATGGAACTCCCTGGTGGG
ACAGGTTGCCAACCAACAATGTGTCCAGATGTTTTTCGTGGCCCTTGGGGAGGAAGCCAC
TGTCGAGATTCTCCAGTGCAAACAATCAGGAAGTGCAGCTGTGCACCAGACTGCTGCCAA
GCTAAAGATCAGTATATTGAGCAATTCAAAGATACGCTGAGCACATCTGTGGCCAAGTCA
ATTGCTGGATTTTTCGCAGAACCTATTCAAGGTGTGAATGGAGTTGTCCAGTACCCAAAG
GGGTTTCTAAAGGAAGCCTTTGAGCTGGTGCGAGCAAGGGGAGGCGTGTGCATTGCAGAT
GAAGTGCAGACAGGATTTGGAAGGTTGGGCTCTCACTTCTGGGGCTTCCAAACCCACGAT
GTCCTGCCTGACATTGTCACCATGGCTAAAGGGATTGGGAATGGCTTTCCCATGGCAGCA
GTCATAACCACTCCAGAGATTGCCAAATCTTTGGCGAAATGCCTGCAGCACTTCAACACC
TTTGGAGGGAACCCCATGGCCTGTGCCATTGGATCTGCTGTGCTTGAGGTGATTAAAGAA
GAAAATCTACAGGAAAACAGTCAAGAAGTTGGGACCTACATGTTACTAAAGTTTGCTAAG
CTGCGGGATGAATTTGAAATTGTTGGAGACGTCCGAGGCAAAGGTCTCATGATAGGCATA
GAAATGGTGCAGGATAAGATAAGCTGTCGGCCTCTTCCCCGTGAAGAAGTAAATCAGATC
CATGAGGACTGCAAGCACATGGGACTCCTCGTTGGCAGAGGCAGCATTTTTTCTCAGACA
TTTCGCATTGCGCCCTCAATGTGCATCACTAAACCAGAAGTTGATTTTGCAGTAGAAGTA
TTTCGTTCTGCCTTAACCCAACACATGGAAAGAAGAGCTAAGTAA

1. Ornithine--oxo-acid aminotransferase[Contains: Ornithine aminotransferase, hepatic form
2. Ornithine aminotransferase, renal form]

MFSKLAHLQRFAVLSRGVHSSVASATSVATKKTVQGPPTSDDIFEREYKYGAHNYHPLPV
ALERGKGIYLWDVEGRKYFDFLSSYSAVNQGHCHPKIVNALKSQVDKLTLTSRAFYNNVL
GEYEEYITKLFNYHKVLPMNTGVEAGETACKLARKWGYTVKGIQKYKAKIVFAAGNFWGR
TLSAISSSTDPTSYDGFGPFMPGFDIIPYNDLPALERALQDPNVAAFMVEPIQGEAGVVV
PDPGYLMGVRELCTRHQVLFIADEIQTGLARTGRWLAVDYENVRPDIVLLGKALSGGLYP
VSAVLCDDDIMLTIKPGEHGSTYGGNPLGCRVAIAALEVLEEENLAENADKLGIILRNEL
MKLPSDVVTAVRGKGLLNAIVIKETKDWDAWKVCLRLRDNGLLAKPTHGDIIRFAPPLVI
KEDELRESIEIINKTILSF

• Arginine and Proline Metabolism (map00330 )

• L-ornithine + a 2-oxo acid = L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + an L-amino acid

• Aminotran_3 (PF00202 )

• 1-20

ATGTTTTCCAAACTAGCACATTTGCAGAGGTTTGCTGTACTTAGTCGCGGAGTTCATTCT
TCAGTGGCTTCTGCTACATCTGTTGCAACTAAAAAAACAGTCCAAGGCCCTCCAACCTCT
GATGACATTTTTGAAAGGGAATATAAGTATGGTGCACACAACTACCATCCTTTACCTGTA
GCCCTGGAGAGAGGAAAAGGTATTTACTTATGGGATGTAGAAGGCAGAAAATATTTTGAC
TTCCTGAGTTCTTACAGTGCTGTCAACCAAGGGCATTGTCACCCCAAGATTGTGAATGCT
CTGAAGAGTCAAGTGGACAAATTGACCTTAACATCTAGAGCTTTCTATAATAACGTACTT
GGTGAATATGAGGAGTATATTACTAAACTTTTCAACTACCACAAAGTTCTTCCTATGAAT
ACAGGAGTGGAGGCTGGAGAGACTGCCTGTAAACTAGCTCGTAAGTGGGGCTATACCGTG
AAGGGCATTCAGAAATACAAAGCAAAGATTGTTTTTGCAGCTGGGAACTTCTGGGGTAGG
ACGTTGTCTGCTATCTCCAGTTCCACAGACCCAACCAGTTACGATGGTTTTGGACCATTT
ATGCCGGGATTCGACATCATTCCCTATAATGATCTGCCCGCACTGGAGCGTGCTCTTCAG
GATCCAAATGTGGCTGCGTTCATGGTAGAACCAATTCAGGGTGAAGCAGGCGTTGTTGTT
CCGGATCCAGGTTACCTAATGGGAGTGCGAGAGCTCTGCACCAGGCACCAGGTTCTCTTT
ATTGCTGATGAAATACAGACAGGATTGGCCAGAACTGGTAGATGGCTGGCTGTTGATTAT
GAAAATGTCAGACCTGATATAGTCCTCCTTGGAAAGGCCCTTTCTGGGGGCTTATACCCT
GTGTCTGCAGTGCTGTGTGATGATGACATCATGCTGACCATTAAGCCAGGGGAGCATGGG
TCCACATACGGTGGCAATCCACTAGGCTGCCGAGTGGCCATCGCAGCCCTTGAGGTTTTA
GAAGAAGAAAACCTTGCTGAAAATGCAGACAAATTGGGCATTATCTTGAGAAATGAACTC
ATGAAGCTACCTTCTGATGTTGTAACTGCCGTAAGAGGAAAAGGATTATTAAACGCTATT
GTCATTAAAGAAACCAAAGATTGGGATGCTTGGAAGGTGTGTCTACGACTTCGAGATAAT
GGACTTCTGGCCAAGCCAACCCATGGCGACATTATCAGGTTTGCGCCTCCGCTGGTGATC
AAGGAGGATGAGCTTCGAGAGTCCATTGAAATTATTAACAAGACCATCTTGTCTTTCTGA

1. Inana G, Totsuka S, Redmond M, Dougherty T, Nagle J, Shiono T, Ohura T, Kominami E, Katunuma N: Molecular cloning of human ornithine aminotransferase mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(5):1203-7. [PubMed ]
2. Ramesh V, Shaffer MM, Allaire JM, Shih VE, Gusella JF: Investigation of gyrate atrophy using a cDNA clone for human ornithine aminotransferase. DNA. 1986 Dec;5(6):493-501. [PubMed ]
3. Kobayashi T, Nishii M, Takagi Y, Titani K, Matsuzawa T: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of mRNA for human kidney ornithine aminotransferase. An examination of ornithine aminotransferase isozymes between liver and kidney. FEBS Lett. 1989 Sep 25;255(2):300-4. [PubMed ]
4. Mitchell GA, Looney JE, Brody LC, Steel G, Suchanek M, Engelhardt JF, Willard HF, Valle D: Human ornithine-delta-aminotransferase. cDNA cloning and analysis of the structural gene. J Biol Chem. 1988 Oct 5;263(28):14288-95. [PubMed ]
5. Zintz CB, Inana G: Analysis of the human ornithine aminotransferase gene family. Exp Eye Res. 1990 Jun;50(6):759-70. [PubMed ]
6. Ramesh V, Gusella JF, Shih VE: Molecular pathology of gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina due to ornithine aminotransferase deficiency. Mol Biol Med. 1991 Feb;8(1):81-93. [PubMed ]
7. Simmaco M, John RA, Barra D, Bossa F: The primary structure of ornithine aminotransferase. Identification of active-site sequence and site of post-translational proteolysis. FEBS Lett. 1986 Apr 7;199(1):39-42. [PubMed ]
8. Shah SA, Shen BW, Brunger AT: Human ornithine aminotransferase complexed with L-canaline and gabaculine: structural basis for substrate recognition. Structure. 1997 Aug 15;5(8):1067-75. [PubMed ]
9. Shen BW, Hennig M, Hohenester E, Jansonius JN, Schirmer T: Crystal structure of human recombinant ornithine aminotransferase. J Mol Biol. 1998 Mar 20;277(1):81-102. [PubMed ]
10. Storici P, Capitani G, Muller R, Schirmer T, Jansonius JN: Crystal structure of human ornithine aminotransferase complexed with the highly specific and potent inhibitor 5-fluoromethylornithine. J Mol Biol. 1999 Jan 8;285(1):297-309. [PubMed ]
11. Ramesh V, McClatchey AI, Ramesh N, Benoit LA, Berson EL, Shih VE, Gusella JF: Molecular basis of ornithine aminotransferase deficiency in B-6-responsive and -nonresponsive forms of gyrate atrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(11):3777-80. [PubMed ]
12. Inana G, Chambers C, Hotta Y, Inouye L, Filpula D, Pulford S, Shiono T: Point mutation affecting processing of the ornithine aminotransferase precursor protein in gyrate atrophy. J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 15;264(29):17432-6. [PubMed ]
13. Michaud J, Brody LC, Steel G, Fontaine G, Martin LS, Valle D, Mitchell G: Strand-separating conformational polymorphism analysis: efficacy of detection of point mutations in the human ornithine delta-aminotransferase gene. Genomics. 1992 Jun;13(2):389-94. [PubMed ]
14. Brody LC, Mitchell GA, Obie C, Michaud J, Steel G, Fontaine G, Robert MF, Sipila I, Kaiser-Kupfer M, Valle D: Ornithine delta-aminotransferase mutations in gyrate atrophy. Allelic heterogeneity and functional consequences. J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 15;267(5):3302-7. [PubMed ]
15. Michaud J, Thompson GN, Brody LC, Steel G, Obie C, Fontaine G, Schappert K, Keith CG, Valle D, Mitchell GA: Pyridoxine-responsive gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina: clinical and biochemical correlates of the mutation A226V. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Mar;56(3):616-22. [PubMed ]
16. Kobayashi T, Ogawa H, Kasahara M, Shiozawa Z, Matsuzawa T: A single amino acid substitution within the mature sequence of ornithine aminotransferase obstructs mitochondrial entry of the precursor. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Aug;57(2):284-91. [PubMed ]

1. Kynurenine-- oxoglutarate transaminase I
2. Kynurenine aminotransferase I
3. KATI
4. Glutamine--phenylpyruvate transaminase
5. Glutamine transaminase K
6. GTK
7. Cysteine-S-conjugate beta-lyase

MAKQLQARRLDGIDYNPWVEFVKLASEHDVVNLGQGFPDFPPPDFAVEAFQHAVSGDFML
NQYTKTFGYPPLTKILASFFGELLGQEIDPLRNVLVTVGGYGALFTAFQALVDEGDEVII
IEPFFDCYEPMTMMAGGRPVFVSLKPGPIQNGELGSSSNWQLDPMELAGKFTSRTKALVL
NTPNNPLGKVFSREELELVASLCQQHDVVCITDEVYQWMVYDGHQHISIASLPGMWERTL
TIGSAGKTFSATGWKVGWVLGPDHIMKHLRTVHQNSVFHCPTQSQAAVAESFEREQLLFR
QPSSYFVQFPQAMQRCRDHMIRSLQSVGLKPIIPQGSYFLITDISDFKRKMPDLPGAVDE
PYDRRFVKWMIKNKGLVAIPVSIFYSVPHQKHFDHYIRFCFVKDEATLQAMDEKLRKWKV
EL

• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )

• RS-CH2-CH(NH3+)COO- = RSH + ammonia + pyruvate

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCAAACAGCTGCAGGCCCGAAGGCTAGACGGGATCGACTACAACCCCTGGGTGGAG
TTTGTGAAACTGGCCAGTGAGCATGACGTCGTGAACTTGGGCCAGGGCTTCCCGGATTTC
CCACCACCAGACTTTGCCGTGGAAGCCTTTCAGCACGCTGTCAGTGGAGACTTCATGCTT
AACCAGTACACCAAGACATTTGGTTACCCACCACTGACGAAGATCCTGGCAAGTTTCTTT
GGGGAGCTGCTGGGTCAGGAGATAGACCCGCTCAGGAATGTGCTGGTGACTGTTGGTGGC
TATGGGGCCCTGTTCACAGCCTTCCAGGCCCTGGTGGACGAAGGAGACGAGGTCATCATC
ATCGAACCCTTTTTTGACTGCTACGAGCCCATGACAATGATGGCAGGGGGTCGTCCTGTG
TTTGTGTCCCTGAAGCCGGGTCCCATCCAGAATGGAGAACTGGGTTCCAGCAGCAACTGG
CAGCTGGACCCCATGGAGCTGGCCGGCAAATTCACATCACGCACCAAAGCCCTGGTCCTC
AACACCCCCAACAACCCCCTGGGCAAGGTGTTCTCCAGGGAAGAGCTGGAGCTGGTGGCC
AGCCTTTGCCAGCAGCATGACGTGGTGTGTATCACTGATGAAGTCTACCAGTGGATGGTC
TACGACGGGCACCAGCACATCAGCATTGCCAGCCTCCCTGGCATGTGGGAACGGACCCTG
ACCATCGGCAGCGCCGGCAAGACCTTCAGCGCCACTGGCTGGAAGGTGGGCTGGGTCCTG
GGTCCAGATCACATCATGAAGCACCTGCGGACCGTGCACCAGAACTCCGTCTTCCACTGC
CCCACGCAGAGCCAGGCTGCAGTAGCCGAGAGCTTTGAACGGGAGCAGCTGCTCTTCCGC
CAACCCAGCAGCTACTTTGTGCAGTTCCCGCAGGCCATGCAGCGCTGCCGTGACCACATG
ATACGTAGCCTACAGTCAGTGGGCCTGAAGCCCATCATCCCTCAGGGCAGCTACTTCCTC
ATCACAGACATCTCAGACTTCAAGAGGAAGATGCCTGACTTGCCTGGAGCTGTGGATGAG
CCCTATGACAGACGCTTCGTCAAGTGGATGATCAAGAACAAGGGCTTGGTGGCCATCCCT
GTCTCCATCTTCTATAGTGTGCCACATCAGAAGCACTTTGACCACTATATCCGCTTCTGT
TTTGTGAAGGATGAAGCCACGCTCCAGGCCATGGACGAGAAGCTGCGGAAGTGGAAGGTG
GAACTCTAG

1. Perry S, Harries H, Scholfield C, Lock T, King L, Gibson G, Goldfarb P: Molecular cloning and expression of a cDNA for human kidney cysteine conjugate beta-lyase. FEBS Lett. 1995 Mar 6;360(3):277-80. [PubMed ]

1. BCAT(m
2. Placental protein 18
3. PP18

MAAAALGQIWARKLLSVPWLLCGPRRYASSSFKAADLQLEMTQKPHKKPGPGEPLVFGKT
FTDHMLMVEWNDKGWGQPRIQPFQNLTLHPASSSLHYSLQLFEGMKAFKGKDQQVRLFRP
WLNMDRMLRSAMRLCLPSFDKLELLECIRRLIEVDKDWVPDAAGTSLYVRPVLIGNEPSL
GVSQPTRALLFVILCPVGAYFPGGSVTPVSLLADPAFIRAWVGGVGNYKLGGNYGPTVLV
QQEALKRGCEQVLWLYGPDHQLTEVGTMNIFVYWTHEDGVLELVTPPLNGVILPGVVRQS
LLDMAQTWGEFRVVERTITMKQLLRALEEGRVREVFGSGTACQVCPVHRILYKDRNLHIP
TMENGPELILRFQKELKEIQYGIRAHEWMFPV

• Pantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis (map00770 )
• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate

• Aminotran_4 (PF01063 )

• 1-29

ATGGCCGCAGCCGCTCTGGGGCAGATCTGGGCACGAAAGCTTCTCTCTGTCCCTTGGCTT
CTGTGTGGTCCCAGAAGATATGCCTCCTCCAGTTTCAAGGCTGCAGACCTGCAGCTGGAA
ATGACACAGAAGCCTCATAAGAAGCCTGGCCCCGGCGAGCCCCTGGTGTTTGGGAAGACA
TTTACCGACCACATGCTGATGGTGGAATGGAATGACAAGGGCTGGGGCCAGCCCCGAATC
CAGCCCTTCCAGAACCTCACGCTGCACCCAGCCTCCTCCAGCCTCCACTACTCCCTGCAG
CTGTTTGAGGGCATGAAGGCGTTCAAAGGCAAAGACCAGCAGGTGCGCCTCTTCCGCCCC
TGGCTCAACATGGACCGGATGCTGCGCTCAGCCATGCGCCTGTGCCTGCCGAGTTTCGAC
AAGCTGGAGTTGCTGGAGTGCATCCGCCGGCTCATCGAAGTGGACAAGGACTGGGTCCCC
GATGCCGCCGGCACCAGCCTCTATGTGCGGCCTGTGCTCATTGGGAACGAGCCCTCGCTG
GGTGTCAGCCAGCCCAGGCGCGCGCTCCTGTTCGTCATTCTCTGCCCAGTGGGTGCCTAC
TTCCCTGGAGGCTCCGTGACCCCGGTCTCCCTCCTGGCCGACCCAGCCTTCATCCGGGCC
TGGGTGGGCGGGGTCGGCAACTACAAGTTAGGTGGGAATTATGGGCCCACCGTGTTAGTG
CAACAGGAGGCACTCAAGCGGGGCTGTGAACAGGTCCTCTGGCTGTATGGGCCCGACCAC
CAGCTCACCGAGGTGGGAACCATGAACATCTTTGTCTACTGGACCCACGAAGATGGGGTG
CTGGAGCTGGTGACGCCCCCGCTGAATGGTGTTATCCTGCCTGGAGTGGTCAGACAGAGT
CTACTGGACATGGCTCAGACCTGGGGTGAGTTCCGGGTGGTGGAGCGCACGATCACCATG
AAGCAGTTGCTGCGGGCCTTGGAGGAGGGCCGCGTGCGGGAAGTCTTTGGCTCGGGCACC
GCTTGCCAGGTCTGCCCAGTGCACCGAATCCTGTACAAAGACAGGAACCTCCATATTCCC
ACCATGGAAAATGGGCCTGAGCTGATCCTCCGCTTCCAGAAGGAGCTGAAGGAGATCCAG
TACGGAATCAGAGCCCACGAGTGGATGTTCCCGGTGTGA

1. Bledsoe RK, Dawson PA, Hutson SM: Cloning of the rat and human mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferases (BCATm). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Apr 25;1339(1):9-13. [PubMed ]
2. Than NG, Sumegi B, Than GN, Bellyei S, Bohn H: Molecular cloning and characterization of placental tissue protein 18 (PP18a)/human mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm) and its novel alternatively spliced PP18b variant. Placenta. 2001 Feb-Mar;22(2-3):235-43. [PubMed ]
3. Eden A, Simchen G, Benvenisty N: Two yeast homologs of ECA39, a target for c-Myc regulation, code for cytosolic and mitochondrial branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases. J Biol Chem. 1996 Aug 23;271(34):20242-5. [PubMed ]
4. Yennawar N, Dunbar J, Conway M, Hutson S, Farber G: The structure of human mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2001 Apr;57(Pt 4):506-15. [PubMed ]
5. Yennawar NH, Conway ME, Yennawar HP, Farber GK, Hutson SM: Crystal structures of human mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferase reaction intermediates: ketimine and pyridoxamine phosphate forms. Biochemistry. 2002 Oct 1;41(39):11592-601. [PubMed ]

1. Gamma-cystathionase

MQEKDASSQGFLPHFQHFATQAIHVGQDPEQWTSRAVVPPISLSTTFKQGAPGQHSGFEY
SRSGNPTRNCLEKAVAALDGAKYCLAFASGLAATVTITHLLKAGDQIICMDDVYGGTNRY
FRQVASEFGLKISFVDCSKIKLLEAAITPETKLVWIETPTNPTQKVIDIEGCAHIVHKHG
DIILVVDNTFMSPYFQRPLALGADISMYSATKYMNGHSDVVMGLVSVNCESLHNRLRFLQ
NSLGAVPSPIDCYLCNRGLKTLHVRMEKHFKNGMAVAQFLESNPWVEKVIYPGLPSHPQH
ELVKRQCTGCTGMVTFYIKGTLQHAEIFLKNLKLFTLAESLGGFESLAELPAIMTHASVL
KNDRDVLGISDTLIRLSVGLEDEEDLLEDLDQALKAAHPPSGSHS

• Cysteine Metabolism (map00272 )
• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )
• Methionine Metabolism (map00271 )
• Nitrogen Metabolism (map00910 )
• Selenoamino Acid Metabolism (map00450 )

• L-cystathionine + H2O = L-cysteine + ammonia + 2-oxobutanoate

• Cys_Met_Meta_PP (PF01053 )

• None

• None

ATGCAGGAAAAAGACGCCTCCTCACAAGGTTTCCTGCCACACTTCCAACATTTCGCCACG
CAGGCGATCCATGTGGGCCAGGATCCGGAGCAATGGACCTCCAGGGCTGTAGTGCCCCCC
ATCTCACTGTCCACCACGTTCAAGCAAGGGGCGCCTGGCCAGCACTCGGGTTTTGAATAT
AGCCGTTCTGGAAATCCCACTAGGAATTGCCTTGAAAAAGCAGTGGCAGCACTGGATGGG
GCTAAGTACTGTTTGGCCTTTGCTTCAGGTTTAGCAGCCACTGTAACTATTACCCATCTT
TTAAAAGCAGGAGACCAAATTATTTGTATGGATGATGTGTATGGAGGTACAAACAGGTAC
TTCAGGCAAGTGGCATCTGAATTTGGATTAAAGATTTCTTTTGTTGATTGTTCCAAAATC
AAATTACTAGAGGCAGCAATTACACCAGAAACCAAGCTTGTTTGGATCGAAACCCCCACA
AACCCCACCCAGAAGGTGATTGACATTGAAGGCTGTGCACATATTGTCCATAAGCATGGA
GACATTATTTTGGTCGTGGATAACACTTTTATGTCACCATATTTCCAGCGCCCTTTGGCT
CTGGGAGCTGATATTTCTATGTATTCTGCAACAAAATACATGAATGGCCACAGTGATGTT
GTAATGGGCCTGGTGTCTGTTAATTGTGAAAGCCTTCATAATAGACTTCGTTTCTTGCAA
AACTCTCTTGGAGCAGTTCCATCTCCTATTGATTGTTACCTCTGCAATCGAGGTCTGAAG
ACTCTACATGTCCGAATGGAAAAGCATTTCAAAAACGGAATGGCAGTTGCCCAGTTCCTG
GAATCTAATCCTTGGGTAGAAAAGGTTATTTATCCTGGGCTGCCCTCTCATCCACAGCAT
GAGTTGGTGAAGCGTCAGTGTACAGGTTGTACAGGGATGGTCACCTTTTATATTAAGGGC
ACTCTTCAGCATGCTGAGATTTTCCTCAAGAACCTAAAGCTATTTACTCTGGCCGAGAGC
TTGGGAGGATTCGAAAGCCTTGCTGAGCTTCCGGCAATCATGACTCATGCATCAGTTCTT
AAGAATGACAGAGATGTCCTTGGAATTAGTGACACACTGATTCGACTTTCTGTGGGCTTA
GAGGATGAGGAAGACCTACTGGAAGATCTAGATCAAGCTTTGAAGGCAGCACACCCTCCA
AGTGGAATTCACAGCTAG

1. Lu Y, O'Dowd BF, Orrego H, Israel Y: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of human liver cDNA encoding for cystathionine gamma-lyase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Dec 15;189(2):749-58. [PubMed ]
2. Wang J, Hegele RA: Genomic basis of cystathioninuria (MIM 219500) revealed by multiple mutations in cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH). Hum Genet. 2003 Apr;112(4):404-8. Epub 2003 Feb 6. [PubMed ]

1. L-serine deaminase

MMSGEPLHVKTPIRDSMALSKMAGTSVYLKMDSAQPSGSFKIRGIGHFCKRWAKQGCAHF
VCSSAGNAGMAAAYAARQLGVPATIVVPGTTPALTIERLKNEGATCKVVGELLDEAFELA
KALAKNNPGWVYIPPFDDPLIWEGHASIVKELKETLWEKPGAIALSVGGGGLLCGVVQGL
QECGWGDVPVIAMETFGAHSFHAATTAGKLVSLPKITSVAKALGVKTVGSQALKLFQEHP
IFSEVISDQEAVAAIEKFVDDEKILVEPAWGAALAAVYSHVIQKLQLEGNLRTPLPSLVV
IVCGGSNISLAQLRALKEQLGMTNRLPK

• Cysteine Metabolism (map00272 )
• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

• L-serine = pyruvate + NH3

• PALP (PF00291 )

• None

• None

ATGATGTCTGGAGAACCCCTGCACGTGAAGACCCCCATCCGTGACAGCATGGCCCTGTCC
AAAATGGCCGGCACCAGCGTCTACCTCAAGATGGACAGTGCCCAGCCCTCCGGCTCCTTC
AAGATCCGGGGCATTGGGCACTTCTGCAAGAGGTGGGCCAAGCAAGGCTGTGCACATTTT
GTCTGCTCCTCGGCGGGCAACGCAGGCATGGCGGCTGCATATGCGGCCAGGCAACTCGGC
GTCCCCGCCACCATCGTAGTGCCCGGCACCACACCTGCTCTCACCATTGAGCGCCTCAAG
AATGAAGGTGCCACATGCAAGGTGGTGGGTGAGTTATTGGATGAAGCCTTCGAGCTGGCC
AAGGCCCTAGCGAAGAACAACCCGGGTTGGGTCTACATTCCCCCCTTTGATGACCCCCTC
ATCTGGGAAGGCCACGCTTCCATCGTGAAAGAGCTGAAGGAGACACTGTGGGAAAAGCCG
GGGGCCATCGCGCTGTCAGTGGGCGGCGGGGGCCTGCTGTGTGGAGTGGTCCAGGGGCTG
CAGGAGTGTGGCTGGGGGGACGTGCCTGTCATCGCCATGGAGACTTTTGGTGCCCACAGC
TTCCACGCTGCCACCACCGCAGGCAAACTTGTCTCCCTGCCCAAGATCACCAGTGTTGCC
AAGGCCCTGGGCGTGAAGACTGTGGGGTCTCAGGCCCTGAAGCTGTTTCAGGAACACCCC
ATTTTCTCTGAAGTTATCTCGGACCAGGAGGCTGTGGCCGCCATTGAGAAGTTCGTGGAT
GATGAGAAGATCCTGGTGGAGCCCGCCTGGGGCGCAGCCCTGGCCGCTGTCTATAGCCAC
GTGATCCAGAAGCTCCAACTGGAGGGGAATCTCCGAACCCCGCTGCCATCCCTCGTGGTC
ATCGTCTGCGGGGGCAGCAACATCAGCCTGGCCCAGCTGCGGGCGCTCAAGGAACAGCTG
GGCATGACAAATAGGTTGCCCAAGTGA

1. Ogawa H, Gomi T, Konishi K, Date T, Nakashima H, Nose K, Matsuda Y, Peraino C, Pitot HC, Fujioka M: Human liver serine dehydratase. cDNA cloning and sequence homology with hydroxyamino acid dehydratases from other sources. J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 25;264(27):15818-23. [PubMed ]

1. Pyridoxamine-phosphate oxidase

MTCWLRGVTATFGRPAEWPGYLSHLCGRSAAMDLGPMRKSYRGDREAFEETHLTSLDPVK
QFAAWFEEAVQCPDIGEANAMCLATCTRDGKPSARMLLLKGFGKDGFRFFTNFESRKGKE
LDSNPFASLVFYWEPLNRQVRVEGPVKKLPEEEAECYFHSRPKSSQIGAVVSHQSSVIPD
REYLRKKNEELEQLYQDQEVPKPKSWGGYVLYPQVMEFWQGQTNRLHDRIVFRRGLPTGD
SPLGPMTHRGEEDWLYERLAP

• Vitamin B6 Metabolism (map00750 )

• pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + H2O + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + ammonia + H2O2

• Pyridox_oxidase (PF01243 )

• None

• None

ATGACGTGCTGGCTGCGGGGCGTCACGGCGACGTTCGGGCGACCTGCCGAGTGGCCAGGC
TACCTCAGTCACCTGTGTGGTCGCAGTGCTGCCATGGACCTGGGACCCATGCGCAAGAGT
TACCGCGGGGACCGAGAGGCATTTGAGGAGACTCATCTGACCTCCCTTGACCCAGTGAAA
CAGTTTGCTGCCTGGTTTGAGGAGGCTGTTCAGTGTCCTGACATAGGGGAAGCCAATGCC
ATGTGTCTGGCTACCTGCACCAGAGATGGAAAACCCTCTGCTCGCATGTTGCTGCTGAAG
GGCTTCGGGAAAGATGGCTTCCGCTTCTTCACTAACTTCGAGAGTCGAAAAGGAAAAGAG
CTGGACTCTAATCCCTTTGCTTCCCTTGTCTTCTACTGGGAGCCACTTAACCGTCAGGTG
CGTGTGGAAGGCCCTGTGAAGAAACTGCCTGAGGAGGAGGCTGAGTGCTACTTCCACTCC
CGCCCCAAGAGCAGCCAGATTGGGGCTGTGGTCAGCCACCAGAGTTCTGTGATCCCTGAT
CGGGAGTATCTGAGAAAGAAAAATGAGGAACTGGAACAGCTCTACCAGGATCAAGAGGTG
CCCAAGCCAAAATCCTGGGGTGGCTATGTCCTGTACCCTCAGGTGATGGAGTTCTGGCAA
GGTCAAACCAACCGCCTGCATGACCGGATAGTCTTTCGGCGGGGCCTACCCACAGGAGAT
TCCCCTTTGGGGCCCATGACCCACCGCGGGGAGGAAGACTGGCTCTATGAGAGACTTGCA
CCTTAA

1. Musayev FN, Di Salvo ML, Ko TP, Schirch V, Safo MK: Structure and properties of recombinant human pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase. Protein Sci. 2003 Jul;12(7):1455-63. [PubMed ]

1. Formiminotransferase- cyclodeaminase
2. FTCD
3. LCHC1[Includes: Glutamate formimidoyltransferase
4. Glutamate formiminotransferase
5. Glutamate formyltransferase
6. Formimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase
7. Formiminotetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase]

MSQLVECVPNFSEGKNQEVIDAISGAITQTPGCVLLDVDAGPSTNRTVYTFVGPPECVVE
GALNAARVASRLIDMSRHQGEHPRMGALDVCPFIPVRGVSVDECVLCAQAFGQRLAEELD
VPVYLYGEAARMDSRRTLPAIRAGEYEALPKKLQQADWAPDFGPSSFVPSWGATATGARK
FLIAFNINLLGTKEQAHRIALNLREQGRGKDQPGRLKKVQGIGWYLDEKNLAQVSTNLLD
FEVTALHTVYEETCREAQELSLPVVGSQLVGLVPLKALLDAAAFYCEKENLFILEEEQRI
RLVVSRLGLDSLCPFSPKERIIEYLVPERGPERGLGSKSLRAFVGEVGARSAAPGGGSVA
AAAAAMGAALGSMVGLMTYGRRQFQSLDTTMRRLIPPFREASAKLTTLVDADAEAFTAYL
EAMRLPKNTPEEKDRRTAALQEGLRRAVSVPLTLAETVASLWPALQELARCGNLACRSDL
QVAAKALEMGVFGAYFNVLINLRDITDEAFKDQIHHRVSSLLQEAKTQAALVLDCLETRQ
E

• One Carbon Pool By Folate (map00670 )

• 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NH3

• FTCD (PF02971 )
• FTCD_C (PF04961 )
• FTCD_N (PF07837 )

• None

• None

ATGTCCCAGCTGGTGGAATGCGTCCCCAACTTTTCGGAGGGGAAGAACCAGGAGGTGATC
GACGCCATCTCTGGAGCCATCACACAGACCCCGGGCTGCGTGCTGCTGGATGTGGACGCA
GGCCCTTCCACCAACCGCACCGTGTACACCTTCGTGGGGCCGCCGGAGTGCGTGGTGGAG
GGGGCCCTCAACGCTGCCCGGGTAGCTTCCCGACTTATCGACATGAGCAGGCACCAAGGA
GAGCACCCCCGCATGGGGGCCCTAGACGTCTGCCCCTTCATCCCCGTGAGGGGCGTCAGC
GTGGATGAGTGTGTGCTCTGCGCCCAGGCCTTTGGCCAGAGGCTGGCAGAGGAGCTGGAC
GTGCCAGTTTACCTGTACGGCGAGGCAGCCAGGATGGACAGTCGCCGGACCCTGCCGGCC
ATCCGGGCCGGGGAGTACGAGGCCCTCCCTAAGAAGCTCCAGCAGGCCGACTGGGCGCCC
GACTTTGGTCCCAGCTCCTTTGTCCCCAGTTGGGGGGCCACGGCCACGGGGGCGAGGAAG
TTCCTCATTGCTTTTAACATCAACCTGCTCGGCACAAAGGAGCAAGCCCACCGCATCGCG
CTCAACCTGCGGGAGCAGGGCCGCGGGAAGGACCAGCCAGGACGTCTGAAGAAAGTTCAG
GGCATTGGCTGGTACCTGGATGAGAAGAACCTGGCTCAGGTGTCCACCAATCTTCTGGAC
TTTGAGGTCACGGCACTGCACACGGTCTACGAGGAGACCTGCCGAGAAGCACAGGAGCTG
AGCCTCCCAGTGGTGGGCTCACAGCTGGTGGGCCTGGTGCCCCTGAAGGCTCTGCTGGAT
GCGGCCGCCTTCTACTGCGAGAAGGAGAACCTCTTCATCCTGGAGGAGGAGCAGCGGATC
AGGCTGGTGGTGAGCCGGCTGGGCCTGGACTCCCTGTGCCCCTTCAGCCCTAAGGAGCGG
ATCATCGAGTACCTGGTCCCTGAGCGCGGGCCTGAGCGAGGCCTGGGCAGCAAGTCCCTG
CGCGCCTTCGTGGGGGAGGTGGGTGCCCGCTCTGCGGCCCCCGGGGGCGGCTCGGTGGCG
GCGGCCGCTGCGGCCATGGGTGCGGCGCTGGGCTCCATGGTGGGCCTCATGACCTACGGG
CGGCGCCAATTCCAGTCCCTGGACACGACGATGCGGCGCCTGATCCCGCCCTTCCGCGAG
GCTTCGGCCAAGCTAACCACGCTGGTGGATGCCGACGCCGAGGCCTTCACCGCCTACCTG
GAAGCAATGAGGCTCCCCAAGAACACACCTGAGGAAAAGGACAGGCGCACGGCGGCCCTA
CAGGAGGGTCTGAGGCGGGCAGTCTCTGTGCCGCTGACGCTGGCGGAGACGGTGGCCTCG
CTGTGGCCGGCGCTGCAGGAACTGGCCCGGTGTGGGAACCTGGCCTGCCGGTCAGACCTC
CAGGTGGCGGCCAAAGCCCTGGAGATGGGCGTGTTTGGCGCATATTTCAACGTGCTCATC
AACCTGAGGGACATCACAGACGAGGCATTTAAGGACCAGATCCACCATCGTGTTTCCAGC
CTCCTGCAGGAAGCCAAGACCCAGGCTGCACTGGTGCTGGACTGCTTGGAGACCCGGCAG
GAGTGA

1. Solans A, Estivill X, de la Luna S: Cloning and characterization of human FTCD on 21q22.3, a candidate gene for glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 2000;88(1-2):43-9. [PubMed ]
2. Lapierre P, Hajoui O, Homberg JC, Alvarez F: Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase is an organ-specific autoantigen recognized by sera of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 1999 Mar;116(3):643-9. [PubMed ]
3. Hilton JF, Christensen KE, Watkins D, Raby BA, Renaud Y, de la Luna S, Estivill X, MacKenzie RE, Hudson TJ, Rosenblatt DS: The molecular basis of glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2003 Jul;22(1):67-73. [PubMed ]

1. Glutamate decarboxylase 65 kDa isoform
2. GAD-65
3. 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase

MASPGSGFWSFGSEDGSGDSENPGTARAWCQVAQKFTGGIGNKLCALLYGDAEKPAESGG
SQPPRAAARKAACACDQKPCSCSKVDVNYAFLHATDLLPACDGERPTLAFLQDVMNILLQ
YVVKSFDRSTKVIDFHYPNELLQEYNWELADQPQNLEEILMHCQTTLKYAIKTGHPRYFN
QLSTGLDMVGLAADWLTSTANTNMFTYEIAPVFVLLEYVTLKKMREIIGWPGGSGDGIFS
PGGAISNMYAMMIARFKMFPEVKEKGMAALPRLIAFTSEHSHFSLKKGAAALGIGTDSVI
LIKCDERGKMIPSDLERRILEAKQKGFVPFLVSATAGTTVYGAFDPLLAVADICKKYKIW
MHVDAAWGGGLLMSRKHKWKLSGVERANSVTWNPHKMMGVPLQCSALLVREEGLMQNCNQ
MHASYLFQQDKHYDLSYDTGDKALQCGRHVDVFKLWLMWRAKGTTGFEAHVDKCLELAEY
LYNIIKNREGYEMVFDGKPQHTNVCFWYIPPSLRTLEDNEERMSRLSKVAPVIKARMMEY
GTTMVSYQPLGDKVNFFRMVISNPAATHQDIDFLIEEIERLGQDL

• Beta Alanine Metabolism (map00410 )
• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Glutamate Metabolism (map00251 )
• Taurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism (map00430 )

• L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO2

• Pyridoxal_deC (PF00282 )

• None

• None

ATGGCATCTCCGGGCTCTGGCTTTTGGTCTTTCGGGTCGGAAGATGGCTCTGGGGATTCC
GAGAATCCCGGCACAGCGCGAGCCTGGTGCCAAGTGGCTCAGAAGTTCACGGGCGGCATC
GGAAACAAACTGTGCGCCCTGCTCTACGGAGACGCCGAGAAGCCGGCGGAGAGCGGCGGG
AGCCAACCCCCGCGGGCCGCCGCCCGGAAGGCCGCCTGCGCCTGCGACCAGAAGCCCTGC
AGCTGCTCCAAAGTGGATGTCAACTACGCGTTTCTCCATGCAACAGACCTGCTGCCGGCG
TGTGATGGAGAAAGGCCCACTTTGGCGTTTCTGCAAGATGTTATGAACATTTTACTTCAG
TATGTGGTGAAAAGTTTCGATAGATCAACCAAAGTGATTGATTTCCATTATCCTAATGAG
CTTCTCCAAGAATATAATTGGGAATTGGCAGACCAACCACAAAATTTGGAGGAAATTTTG
ATGCATTGCCAAACAACTCTAAAATATGCAATTAAAACAGGGCATCCTAGATACTTCAAT
CAACTTTCTACTGGTTTGGATATGGTTGGATTAGCAGCAGACTGGCTGACATCAACAGCA
AATACTAACATGTTCACCTATGAAATTGCTCCAGTATTTGTGCTTTTGGAATATGTCACA
CTAAAGAAAATGAGAGAAATCATTGGCTGGCCAGGGGGCTCTGGCGATGGGATATTTTCT
CCCGGTGGCGCCATATCTAACATGTATGCCATGATGATCGCACGCTTTAAGATGTTCCCA
GAAGTCAAGGAGAAAGGAATGGCTGCTCTTCCCAGGCTCATTGCCTTCACGTCTGAACAT
AGTCATTTTTCTCTCAAGAAGGGAGCTGCAGCCTTAGGGATTGGAACAGACAGCGTGATT
CTGATTAAATGTGATGAGAGAGGGAAAATGATTCCATCTGATCTTGAAAGAAGGATTCTT
GAAGCCAAACAGAAAGGGTTTGTTCCTTTCCTCGTGAGTGCCACAGCTGGAACCACCGTG
TACGGAGCATTTGACCCCCTCTTAGCTGTCGCTGACATTTGCAAAAAGTATAAGATCTGG
ATGCATGTGGATGCAGCTTGGGGTGGGGGATTACTGATGTCCCGAAAACACAAGTGGAAA
CTGAGTGGCGTGGAGAGGGCCAACTCTGTGACGTGGAATCCACACAAGATGATGGGAGTC
CCTTTGCAGTGCTCTGCTCTCCTGGTTAGAGAAGAGGGATTGATGCAGAATTGCAACCAA
ATGCATGCCTCCTACCTCTTTCAGCAAGATAAACATTATGACCTGTCCTATGACACTGGA
GACAAGGCCTTACAGTGCGGACGCCACGTTGATGTTTTTAAACTATGGCTGATGTGGAGG
GCAAAGGGGACTACCGGGTTTGAAGCGCATGTTGATAAATGTTTGGAGTTGGCAGAGTAT
TTATACAACATCATAAAAAACCGAGAAGGATATGAGATGGTGTTTGATGGGAAGCCTCAG
CACACAAATGTCTGCTTCTGGTACATTCCTCCAAGCTTGCGTACTCTGGAAGACAATGAA
GAGAGAATGAGTCGCCTCTCGAAGGTGGCTCCAGTGATTAAAGCCAGAATGATGGAGTAT
GGAACCACAATGGTCAGCTACCAACCCTTGGGAGACAAGGTCAATTTCTTCCGCATGGTC
ATCTCAAACCCAGCGGCAACTCACCAAGACATTGACTTCCTGATTGAAGAAATAGAACGC
CTTGGACAAGATTTATAA

1. Karlsen AE, Hagopian WA, Grubin CE, Dube S, Disteche CM, Adler DA, Barmeier H, Mathewes S, Grant FJ, Foster D, et al.: Cloning and primary structure of a human islet isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase from chromosome 10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8337-41. [PubMed ]
2. Bu DF, Erlander MG, Hitz BC, Tillakaratne NJ, Kaufman DL, Wagner-McPherson CB, Evans GA, Tobin AJ: Two human glutamate decarboxylases, 65-kDa GAD and 67-kDa GAD, are each encoded by a single gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 15;89(6):2115-9. [PubMed ]
3. Bu DF, Tobin AJ: The exon-intron organization of the genes (GAD1 and GAD2) encoding two human glutamate decarboxylases (GAD67 and GAD65) suggests that they derive from a common ancestral GAD. Genomics. 1994 May 1;21(1):222-8. [PubMed ]
4. Mauch L, Abney CC, Berg H, Scherbaum WA, Liedvogel B, Northemann W: Characterization of a linear epitope within the human pancreatic 64-kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase and its autoimmune recognition by sera from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Mar 1;212(2):597-603. [PubMed ]
5. Kim J, Richter W, Aanstoot HJ, Shi Y, Fu Q, Rajotte R, Warnock G, Baekkeskov S: Differential expression of GAD65 and GAD67 in human, rat, and mouse pancreatic islets. Diabetes. 1993 Dec;42(12):1799-808. [PubMed ]
6. Namchuk M, Lindsay L, Turck CW, Kanaani J, Baekkeskov S: Phosphorylation of serine residues 3, 6, 10, and 13 distinguishes membrane anchored from soluble glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and is restricted to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65alpha. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 17;272(3):1548-57. [PubMed ]
7. Kanaani J, el-Husseini Ael-D, Aguilera-Moreno A, Diacovo JM, Bredt DS, Baekkeskov S: A combination of three distinct trafficking signals mediates axonal targeting and presynaptic clustering of GAD65. J Cell Biol. 2002 Sep 30;158(7):1229-38. [PubMed ]

1. Glutamate decarboxylase 67 kDa isoform
2. GAD-67
3. 67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase

MASSTPSSSATSSNAGADPNTTNLRPTTYDTWCGVAHGCTRKLGLKICGFLQRTNSLEEK
SRLVSAFKERQSSKNLLSCENSDRDARFRRTETDFSNLFARDLLPAKNGEEQTVQFLLEV
VDILLNYVRKTFDRSTKVLDFHHPHQLLEGMEGFNLELSDHPESLEQILVDCRDTLKYGV
RTGHPRFFNQLSTGLDIIGLAGEWLTSTANTNMFTYEIAPVFVLMEQITLKKMREIVGWS
SKDGDGIFSPGGAISNMYSIMAARYKYFPEVKTKGMAAVPKLVLFTSEQSHYSIKKAGAA
LGFGTDNVILIKCNERGKIIPADFEAKILEAKQKGYVPFYVNATAGTTVYGAFDPIQEIA
DICEKYNLWLHVDAAWGGGLLMSRKHRHKLNGIERANSVTWNPHKMMGVLLQCSAILVKE
KGILQGCNQMCAGYLFQPDKQYDVSYDTGDKAIQCGRHVDIFKFWLMWKAKGTVGFENQI
NKCLELAEYLYAKIKNREEFEMVFNGEPEHTNVCFWYIPQSLRGVPDSPQRREKLHKVAP
KIKALMMESGTTMVGYQPQGDKANFFRMVISNPAATQSDIDFLIEEIERLGQDL

• Beta Alanine Metabolism (map00410 )
• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Glutamate Metabolism (map00251 )
• Taurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism (map00430 )

• L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO2

• Pyridoxal_deC (PF00282 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGTCTTCGACCCCATCTTCGTCCGCAACCTCCTCGAACGCGGGAGCGGACCCCAAT
ACCACTAACCTGCGCCCCACAACGTACGATACCTGGTGCGGCGTGGCCCATGGATGCACC
AGAAAACTGGGGCTCAAGATCTGCGGCTTCTTGCAAAGGACCAACAGCCTGGAAGAGAAG
AGTCGCCTTGTGAGTGCCTTCAGGGAGAGGCAATCCTCCAAGAACCTGCTTTCCTGTGAA
AACAGCGACCGGGATGCCCGCTTCCGGCGCACAGAGACTGACTTCTCTAATCTGTTTGCT
AGAGATCTGCTTCCGGCTAAGAACGGTGAGGAGCAAACCGTGCAATTCCTCCTGGAAGTG
GTGGACATACTCCTCAACTATGTCCGCAAGACATTTGATCGCTCCACCAAGGTGCTGGAC
TTTCATCACCCACACCAGTTGCTGGAAGGCATGGAGGGCTTCAACTTGGAGCTCTCTGAC
CACCCCGAGTCCCTGGAGCAGATCCTGGTTGACTGCAGAGACACCTTGAAGTATGGGGTT
CGCACAGGTCATCCTCGATTTTTCAACCAGCTCTCCACTGGATTGGATATTATTGGCCTA
GCTGGAGAATGGCTGACATCAACGGCCAATACCAACATGTTTACATATGAAATTGCACCA
GTGTTTGTCCTCATGGAACAAATAACACTTAAGAAGATGAGAGAGATAGTTGGATGGTCA
AGTAAAGATGGTGATGGGATATTTTCTCCTGGGGGCGCCATATCCAACATGTACAGCATC
ATGGCTGCTCGCTACAAGTACTTCCCGGAAGTTAAGACAAAGGGCATGGCGGCTGTGCCT
AAACTGGTCCTCTTCACCTCAGAACAGAGTCACTATTCCATAAAGAAAGCTGGGGCTGCA
CTTGGCTTTGGAACTGACAATGTGATTTTGATAAAGTGCAATGAAAGGGGGAAAATAATT
CCAGCTGATTTTGAGGCAAAAATTCTTGAAGCCAAACAGAAGGGATATGTTCCCTTTTAT
GTCAATGCAACTGCTGGCACGACTGTTTATGGAGCTTTTGATCCGATACAAGAGATTGCA
GATATATGTGAGAAATATAACCTTTGGTTGCATGTCGATGCTGCCTGGGGAGGTGGGCTG
CTCATGTCCAGGAAGCACCGCCATAAACTCAACGGCATAGAAAGGGCCAACTCAGTCACC
TGGAACCCTCACAAGATGATGGGCGTGCTGTTGCAGTGCTCTGCCATTCTCGTCAAGGAA
AAGGGTATACTCCAAGGATGCAACCAGATGTGTGCAGGATATCTCTTCCAGCCAGACAAG
CAGTATGATGTCTCCTACGACACCGGGGACAAGGCAATTCAGTGTGGCCGCCACGTGGAT
ATCTTCAAGTTCTGGCTGATGTGGAAAGCAAAGGGCACAGTGGGATTTGAAAACCAGATC
AACAAATGCCTGGAACTGGCTGAATACCTCTATGCCAAGATTAAAAACAGAGAAGAATTT
GAGATGGTTTTCAATGGCGAGCCTGAGCACACAAACGTCTGTTTTTGGTATATTCCACAA
AGCCTCAGGGGTGTGCCAGACAGCCCTCAACGACGGGAAAAGCTACACAAGGTGGCTCCA
AAAATCAAAGCCCTGATGATGGAGTCAGGTACGACCATGGTTGGCTACCAGCCCCAAGGG
GACAAGGCCAACTTCTTCCGGATGGTCATCTCCAACCCAGCCGCTACCCAGTCTGACATT
GACTTCCTCATTGAGGAGATAGAAAGACTGGGCCAGGATCTGTAA

1. Bu DF, Erlander MG, Hitz BC, Tillakaratne NJ, Kaufman DL, Wagner-McPherson CB, Evans GA, Tobin AJ: Two human glutamate decarboxylases, 65-kDa GAD and 67-kDa GAD, are each encoded by a single gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 15;89(6):2115-9. [PubMed ]
2. Bu DF, Tobin AJ: The exon-intron organization of the genes (GAD1 and GAD2) encoding two human glutamate decarboxylases (GAD67 and GAD65) suggests that they derive from a common ancestral GAD. Genomics. 1994 May 1;21(1):222-8. [PubMed ]
3. Kelly CD, Edwards Y, Johnstone AP, Harfst E, Nogradi A, Nussey SS, Povey S, Carter ND: Nucleotide sequence and chromosomal assignment of a cDNA encoding the large isoform of human glutamate decarboxylase. Ann Hum Genet. 1992 Jul;56(Pt 3):255-65. [PubMed ]
4. Yamashita K, Cram DS, Harrison LC: Molecular cloning of full-length glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 from human pancreas and islets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 May 14;192(3):1347-52. [PubMed ]
5. Kawasaki E, Moriuchi R, Watanabe M, Saitoh K, Brunicardi FC, Watt PC, Yamaguchi T, Mullen Y, Akazawa S, Miyamoto T, et al.: Cloning and expression of large isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase from human pancreatic islet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 May 14;192(3):1353-9. [PubMed ]
6. Chessler SD, Lernmark A: Alternative splicing of GAD67 results in the synthesis of a third form of glutamic-acid decarboxylase in human islets and other non-neural tissues. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 18;275(7):5188-92. [PubMed ]
7. Cram DS, Barnett LD, Joseph JL, Harrison LC: Cloning and partial nucleotide sequence of human glutamic acid decarboxylase cDNA from brain and pancreatic islets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 May 15;176(3):1239-44. [PubMed ]
8. Persson H, Pelto-Huikko M, Metsis M, Soder O, Brene S, Skog S, Hokfelt T, Ritzen EM: Expression of the neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase in male germ cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Sep;10(9):4701-11. [PubMed ]

1. Serine sulfhydrase
2. Beta- thionase

MPSETPQAEVGPTGCPHRSGPHSAKGSLEKGSPEDKEAKEPLWIRPDAPSRCTWQLGRPA
SESPHHHTAPAKSPKILPDILKKIGDTPMVRINKIGKKFGLKCELLAKCEFFNAGGSVKD
RISLRMIEDAERDGTLKPGDTIIEPTSGNTGIGLALAAAVRGYRCIIVMPEKMSSEKVDV
LRALGAEIVRTPTNARFDSPESHVGVAWRLKNEIPNSHILDQYRNASNPLAHYDTTADEI
LQQCDGKLDMLVASVGTGGTITGIARKLKEKCPGCRIIGVDPEGSILAEPEELNQTEQTT
YEVEGIGYDFIPTVLDRTVVDKWFKSNDEEAFTFARMLIAQEGLLCGGSAGSTVAVAVKA
AQELQEGQRCVVILPDSVRNYMTKFLSDRWMLQKGFLKEEDLTEKKPWWWHLRVQELGLS
APLTVLPTITCGHTIEILREKGFDQAPVVDEAGVILGMVTLGNMLSSLLAGKVQPSDQVG
KVIYKQFKQIRLTDTLGRLSHILEMDHFALVVHEQIQYHSTGKSSQRQMVFGVVTAIDLL
NFVAAQERDQK

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )
• Methionine Metabolism (map00271 )
• Selenoamino Acid Metabolism (map00450 )

• L-serine + L-homocysteine = cystathionine + H2O

• CBS (PF00571 )
• PALP (PF00291 )

• None

• None

ATGCCTTCTGAGACCCCCCAGGCAGAAGTGGGGCCCACAGGCTGCCCCCACCGCTCAGGG
CCACACTCGGCGAAGGGGAGCCTGGAGAAGGGGTCCCCAGAGGATAAGGAAGCCAAGGAG
CCCCTGTGGATCCGGCCCGATGCTCCGAGCAGGTGCACCTGGCAGCTGGGCCGGCCTGCC
TCCGAGTCCCCACATCACCACACTGCCCCGGCAAAATCTCCAAAAATCTTGCCAGATATT
CTGAAGAAAATCGGGGACACCCCTATGGTCAGAATCAACAAGATTGGGAAGAAGTTCGGC
CTGAAGTGTGAGCTCTTGGCCAAGTGTGAGTTCTTCAACGCGGGCGGGAGCGTGAAGGAC
CGCATCAGCCTGCGGATGATTGAGGATGCTGAGCGCGACGGGACGCTGAAGCCCGGGGAC
ACGATTATCGAGCCGACATCCGGGAACACCGGGATCGGGCTGGCCCTGGCTGCGGCAGTG
AGGGGCTATCGCTGCATCATCGTGATGCCAGAGAAGATGAGCTCCGAGAAGGTGGACGTG
CTGCGGGCACTGGGGGCTGAGATTGTGAGGACGCCCACCAATGCCAGGTTCGACTCCCCG
GAGTCACACGTGGGGGTGGCCTGGCGGCTGAAGAACGAAATCCCCAATTCTCACATCCTA
GACCAGTACCGCAACGCCAGCAACCCCCTGGCTCACTACGACACCACCGCTGATGAGATC
CTGCAGCAGTGTGATGGGAAGCTGGACATGCTGGTGGCTTCAGTGGGCACGGGCGGCACC
ATCACGGGCATTGCCAGGAAGCTGAAGGAGAAGTGTCCTGGATGCAGGATCATTGGGGTG
GATCCCGAAGGGTCCATCCTCGCAGAGCCGGAGGAGCTGAACCAGACGGAGCAGACAACC
TACGAGGTGGAAGGGATCGGCTACGACTTCATCCCCACGGTGCTGGACAGGACGGTGGTG
GACAAGTGGTTCAAGAGCAACGATGAGGAGGCGTTCACCTTTGCCCGCATGCTGATCGCG
CAAGAGGGGCTGCTGTGCGGTGGCAGTGCTGGCAGCACGGTGGCGGTGGCCGTGAAGGCT
GCGCAGGAGCTGCAGGAGGGCCAGCGCTGCGTGGTCATTCTGCCCGACTCAGTGCGGAAC
TACATGACCAAGTTCCTGAGCGACAGGTGGATGCTGCAGAAGGGCTTTCTGAAGGAGGAG
GACCTCACGGAGAAGAAGCCCTGGTGGTGGCACCTCCGTGTTCAGGAGCTGGGCCTGTCA
GCCCCGCTGACCGTGCTCCCGACCATCACCTGTGGGCACACCATCGAGATCCTCCGGGAG
AAGGGCTTCGACCAGGCGCCCGTGGTGGATGAGGCGGGGGTAATCCTGGGAATGGTGACG
CTTGGGAACATGCTCTCGTCCCTGCTTGCCGGGAAGGTGCAGCCGTCAGACCAAGTTGGC
AAAGTCATCTACAAGCAGTTCAAACAGATCCGCCTCACGGACACGCTGGGCAGGCTCTCG
CACATCCTGGAGATGGACCACTTCGCCCTGGTGGTGCACGAGCAGATCCAGTACCACAGC
ACCGGGAAGTCCAGTCAGCGGCAGATGGTGTTCGGGGTGGTCACCGCCATTGACTTGCTG
AACTTCGTGGCCGCCCAGGAGCGGGACCAGAAGTGA

1. Kraus JP, Le K, Swaroop M, Ohura T, Tahara T, Rosenberg LE, Roper MD, Kozich V: Human cystathionine beta-synthase cDNA: sequence, alternative splicing and expression in cultured cells. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Oct;2(10):1633-8. [PubMed ]
2. Chasse JF, Paly E, Paris D, Paul V, Sinet PM, Kamoun P, London J: Genomic organization of the human cystathionine beta-synthase gene: evidence for various cDNAs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Jun 26;211(3):826-32. [PubMed ]
3. Kruger WD, Cox DR: A yeast system for expression of human cystathionine beta-synthase: structural and functional conservation of the human and yeast genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jul 5;91(14):6614-8. [PubMed ]
4. Chasse JF, Paul V, Escanez R, Kamoun P, London J: Human cystathionine beta-synthase: gene organization and expression of different 5' alternative splicing. Mamm Genome. 1997 Dec;8(12):917-21. [PubMed ]
5. Kraus JP, Oliveriusova J, Sokolova J, Kraus E, Vlcek C, de Franchis R, Maclean KN, Bao L, Bukovsk, Patterson D, Paces V, Ansorge W, Kozich V: The human cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) gene: complete sequence, alternative splicing, and polymorphisms. Genomics. 1998 Sep 15;52(3):312-24. [PubMed ]
6. Kraus J, Packman S, Fowler B, Rosenberg LE: Purification and properties of cystathionine beta-synthase from human liver. Evidence for identical subunits. J Biol Chem. 1978 Sep 25;253(18):6523-8. [PubMed ]
7. Meier M, Janosik M, Kery V, Kraus JP, Burkhard P: Structure of human cystathionine beta-synthase: a unique pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent heme protein. EMBO J. 2001 Aug 1;20(15):3910-6. [PubMed ]
8. Taoka S, Lepore BW, Kabil O, Ojha S, Ringe D, Banerjee R: Human cystathionine beta-synthase is a heme sensor protein. Evidence that the redox sensor is heme and not the vicinal cysteines in the CXXC motif seen in the crystal structure of the truncated enzyme. Biochemistry. 2002 Aug 20;41(33):10454-61. [PubMed ]
9. Kraus JP, Janosik M, Kozich V, Mandell R, Shih V, Sperandeo MP, Sebastio G, de Franchis R, Andria G, Kluijtmans LA, Blom H, Boers GH, Gordon RB, Kamoun P, Tsai MY, Kruger WD, Koch HG, Ohura T, Gaustadnes M: Cystathionine beta-synthase mutations in homocystinuria. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(5):362-75. [PubMed ]
10. Kozich V, Kraus JP: Screening for mutations by expressing patient cDNA segments in E. coli: homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(2):113-23. [PubMed ]
11. Kozich V, de Franchis R, Kraus JP: Molecular defect in a patient with pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jun;2(6):815-6. [PubMed ]
12. Hu FL, Gu Z, Kozich V, Kraus JP, Ramesh V, Shih VE: Molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in pyridoxine responsive and nonresponsive homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Nov;2(11):1857-60. [PubMed ]
13. de Franchis R, Kozich V, McInnes RR, Kraus JP: Identical genotypes in siblings with different homocystinuric phenotypes: identification of three mutations in cystathionine beta-synthase using an improved bacterial expression system. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Jul;3(7):1103-8. [PubMed ]
14. Marble M, Geraghty MT, de Franchis R, Kraus JP, Valle D: Characterization of a cystathionine beta-synthase allele with three mutations in cis in a patient with B6 nonresponsive homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Oct;3(10):1883-6. [PubMed ]
15. Kraus JP: Komrower Lecture. Molecular basis of phenotype expression in homocystinuria. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1994;17(4):383-90. [PubMed ]
16. Shih VE, Fringer JM, Mandell R, Kraus JP, Berry GT, Heidenreich RA, Korson MS, Levy HL, Ramesh V: A missense mutation (I278T) in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene prevalent in pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria and associated with mild clinical phenotype. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jul;57(1):34-9. [PubMed ]
17. Sebastio G, Sperandeo MP, Panico M, de Franchis R, Kraus JP, Andria G: The molecular basis of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Italian families, and report of four novel mutations. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jun;56(6):1324-33. [PubMed ]
18. Kluijtmans LA, Blom HJ, Boers GH, van Oost BA, Trijbels FJ, van den Heuvel LP: Two novel missense mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene in homocystinuric patients. Hum Genet. 1995 Aug;96(2):249-50. [PubMed ]
19. Kruger WD, Cox DR: A yeast assay for functional detection of mutations in the human cystathionine beta-synthase gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Jul;4(7):1155-61. [PubMed ]
20. Sperandeo MP, Panico M, Pepe A, Candito M, de Franchis R, Kraus JP, Andria G, Sebastio G: Molecular analysis of patients affected by homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: report of a new mutation in exon 8 and a deletion in intron 11. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18(2):211-4. [PubMed ]
21. Kluijtmans LA, Boers GH, Stevens EM, Renier WO, Kraus JP, Trijbels FJ, van den Heuvel LP, Blom HJ: Defective cystathionine beta-synthase regulation by S-adenosylmethionine in a partially pyridoxine responsive homocystinuria patient. J Clin Invest. 1996 Jul 15;98(2):285-9. [PubMed ]
22. Sperandeo MP, Candito M, Sebastio G, Rolland MO, Turc-Carel C, Giudicelli H, Dellamonica P, Andria G: Homocysteine response to methionine challenge in four obligate heterozygotes for homocystinuria and relationship with cystathionine beta-synthase mutations. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1996;19(3):351-6. [PubMed ]
23. Dawson PA, Cox AJ, Emmerson BT, Dudman NP, Kraus JP, Gordon RB: Characterisation of five missense mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene from three patients with B6-nonresponsive homocystinuria. Eur J Hum Genet. 1997 Jan-Feb;5(1):15-21. [PubMed ]
24. Kim CE, Gallagher PM, Guttormsen AB, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Ose L, Folling I, Whitehead AS, Tsai MY, Kruger WD: Functional modeling of vitamin responsiveness in yeast: a common pyridoxine-responsive cystathionine beta-synthase mutation in homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Dec;6(13):2213-21. [PubMed ]
25. Aral B, Coude M, London J, Aupetit J, Chasse JF, Zabot MT, Chadefaux-Vekemans B, Kamoun P: Two novel mutations (K384E and L539S) in the C-terminal moiety of the cystathionine beta-synthase protein in two French pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria patients. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(1):81-2. [PubMed ]
26. Kozich V, Janosik M, Sokolova J, Oliveriusova J, Orendac M, Kraus JP, Elleder D: Analysis of CBS alleles in Czech and Slovak patients with homocystinuria: report on three novel mutations E176K, W409X and 1223 + 37 del99. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997 Jul;20(3):363-6. [PubMed ]
27. de Franchis R, Kraus E, Kozich V, Sebastio G, Kraus JP: Four novel mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene: effect of a second linked mutation on the severity of the homocystinuric phenotype. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(6):453-7. [PubMed ]

1. SPT
2. Alanine-- glyoxylate aminotransferase
3. AGT

MASHKLLVTPPKALLKPLSIPNQLLLGPGPSNLPPRIMAAGGLQMIGSMSKDMYQIMDEI
KEGIQYVFQTRNPLTLVISGSGHCALEAALVNVLEPGDSFLVGANGIWGQRAVDIGERIG
ARVHPMTKDPGGHYTLQEVEEGLAQHKPVLLFLTHGESSTGVLQPLDGFGELCHRYKCLL
LVDSVASLGGTPLYMDRQGIDILYSGSQKALNAPPGTSLISFSDKAKKKMYSRKTKPFSF
YLDIKWLANFWGCDDQPRMYHHTIPVISLYSLRESLALIAEQGLENSWRQHREAAAYLHG
RLQALGLQLFVKDPALRLPTVTTVAVPAGYDWRDIVSYVIDHFDIEIMGGLGPSTGKVLR
IGLLGCNATRENVDRVTEALRAALQHCPKKKL

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

• L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine

• Aminotran_5 (PF00266 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCTCTCACAAGCTGCTGGTGACCCCCCCCAAGGCCCTGCTCAAGCCCCTCTCCATC
CCCAACCAGCTCCTGCTGGGGCCTGGTCCTTCCAACCTGCCTCCTCGCATCATGGCAGCC
GGGGGGCTGCAGATGATCGGGTCCATGAGCAAGGATATGTACCAGATCATGGACGAGATC
AAGGAAGGCATCCAGTACGTGTTCCAGACCAGGAACCCACTCACACTGGTCATCTCTGGC
TCGGGACACTGTGCCCTGGAGGCCGCCCTGGTCAATGTGCTGGAGCCTGGGGACTCCTTC
CTGGTTGGGGCCAATGGCATTTGGGGGCAGCGAGCCGTGGACATCGGGGAGCGCATAGGA
GCCCGAGTGCACCCGATGACCAAGGACCCTGGAGGCCACTACACACTGCAGGAGGTGGAG
GAGGGCCTGGCCCAGCACAAGCCAGTGCTGCTGTTCTTAACCCACGGGGAGTCGTCCACC
GGCGTGCTGCAGCCCCTTGATGGCTTCGGGGAACTCTGCCACAGGTACAAGTGCCTGCTC
CTGGTGGATTCGGTGGCATCCCTGGGCGGGACCCCCCTTTACATGGACCGGCAAGGCATC
GACATCCTGTACTCGGGCTCCCAGAAGGCCCTGAACGCCCCTCCAGGGACCTCGCTCATC
TCCTTCAGTGACAAGGCCAAAAAGAAGATGTACTCCCGCAAGACGAAGCCCTTCTCCTTC
TACCTGGACATCAAGTGGCTGGCCAACTTCTGGGGCTGTGACGACCAGCCCAGGATGTAC
CATCACACAATCCCCGTCATCAGCCTGTACAGCCTGAGAGAGAGCCTGGCCCTCATTGCG
GAACAGGGCCTGGAGAACAGCTGGCGCCAGCACCGCGAGGCCGCGGCGTATCTGCATGGG
CGCCTGCAGGCACTGGGGCTGCAGCTCTTCGTGAAGGACCCGGCGCTCCGGCTTCCCACA
GTCACCACTGTGGCTGTACCCGCTGGCTATGACTGGAGAGACATCGTCAGCTACGTCATA
GACCACTTCGACATTGAGATCATGGGTGGCCTTGGGCCCTCCACGGGGAAGGTGCTGCGG
ATCGGCCTGCTGGGCTGCAATGCCACCCGCGAGAATGTGGACCGCGTGACGGAGGCCCTG
AGGGCGGCCCTGCAGCACTGCCCCAAGAAGAAGCTGTGA

1. Nishiyama K, Berstein G, Oda T, Ichiyama A: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding human liver serine-pyruvate aminotransferase. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Nov 26;194(1):9-18. [PubMed ]
2. Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpure CJ: Identification of mutations associated with peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;111(6 Pt 1):2341-51. [PubMed ]
3. Takada Y, Kaneko N, Esumi H, Purdue PE, Danpure CJ: Human peroxisomal L-alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase. Evolutionary loss of a mitochondrial targeting signal by point mutation of the initiation codon. Biochem J. 1990 Jun 1;268(2):517-20. [PubMed ]
4. Purdue PE, Lumb MJ, Fox M, Griffo G, Hamon-Benais C, Povey S, Danpure CJ: Characterization and chromosomal mapping of a genomic clone encoding human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Genomics. 1991 May;10(1):34-42. [PubMed ]
5. Nishiyama K, Funai T, Katafuchi R, Hattori F, Onoyama K, Ichiyama A: Primary hyperoxaluria type I due to a point mutation of T to C in the coding region of the serine:pyruvate aminotransferase gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 May 15;176(3):1093-9. [PubMed ]
6. Purdue PE, Lumb MJ, Allsop J, Minatogawa Y, Danpure CJ: A glycine-to-glutamate substitution abolishes alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase catalytic activity in a subset of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Genomics. 1992 May;13(1):215-8. [PubMed ]
7. Minatogawa Y, Tone S, Allsop J, Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpur CJ, Kido R: A serine-to-phenylalanine substitution leads to loss of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase catalytic activity and immunoreactivity in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Hum Mol Genet. 1992 Nov;1(8):643-4. [PubMed ]
8. Danpure CJ, Purdue PE, Fryer P, Griffiths S, Allsop J, Lumb MJ, Guttridge KM, Jennings PR, Scheinman JI, Mauer SM, et al.: Enzymological and mutational analysis of a complex primary hyperoxaluria type 1 phenotype involving alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting and intraperoxisomal aggregation. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Aug;53(2):417-32. [PubMed ]
9. Danpure CJ: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Biochimie. 1993;75(3-4):309-15. [PubMed ]
10. von Schnakenburg C, Rumsby G: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1: a cluster of new mutations in exon 7 of the AGXT gene. J Med Genet. 1997 Jun;34(6):489-92. [PubMed ]
11. Amoroso A, Pirulli D, Puzzer D, Ferri L, Crovella S, Ferrettini C, Marangella M, Mazzola G, Florian F: Gene symbol: AGXT. Disease: primary hyperoxaluria type I. Hum Genet. 1999 May;104(5):441. [PubMed ]
12. Basmaison O, Rolland MO, Cochat P, Bozon D: Identification of 5 novel mutations in the AGXT gene. Hum Mutat. 2000 Jun;15(6):577. [PubMed ]

1. Serine methylase
2. Glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
3. SHMT

MLYFSLFWAARPLQRCGQLVRMAIRAQHSNAAQTQTGEANRGWTGQESLSDSDPEMWELL
QREKDRQCRGLELIASENFCSRAALEALGSCLNNKYSEGYPGKRYYGGAEVVDEIELLCQ
RRALEAFDLDPAQWGVNVQPYSGSPANLAVYTALLQPHDRIMGLDLPDGGHLTHGYMSDV
KRISATSIFFESMPYKLNPKTGLIDYNQLALTARLFRPRLIIAGTSAYARLIDYARMREV
CDEVKAHLLADMAHISGLVAAKVIPSPFKHADIVTTTTHKTLRGARSGLIFYRKGVKAVD
PKTGREIPYTFEDRINFAVFPSLQGGPHNHAIAAVAVALKQACTPMFREYSLQVLKNARA
MADALLERGYSLVSGGTDNHLVLVDLRPKGLDGARAERVLELVSITANKNTCPGDRSAIT
PGGLRLGAPALTSRQFREDDFRRVVDFIDEGVNIGLEVKSKTAKLQDFKSFLLKDSETSQ
RLANLRQRVEQFARAFPMPGFDEH

• Cyanoamino acid metabolism (map00460 )
• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )
• Lysine Degradation (map00310 )
• Methane metabolism (map00680 )
• One Carbon Pool By Folate (map00670 )

• 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

• SHMT (PF00464 )

• 1-18

ATGGCCATTCGGGCTCAGCACAGCAACGCAGCCCAGACTCAGACTGGGGAAGCAAACAGG
GGCTGGACAGGCCAGGAGAGCCTGTCGGACAGTGATCCTGAGATGTGGGAGTTGCTGCAG
AGGGAGAAGGACAGGCAGTGTCGTGGCCTGGAGCTCATTGCCTCAGAGAACTTCTGCAGC
CGAGCTGCGCTGGAGGCCCTGGGGTCCTGTCTGAACAACAAGTACTCGGAGGGTTATCCT
GGCAAGAGATACTATGGGGGAGCAGAGGTGGTGGATGAAATTGAGCTGCTGTGCCAGCGC
CGGGCCTTGGAAGCCTTTGACCTGGATCCTGCACAGTGGGGAGTCAATGTCCAGCCCTAC
TCCGGGTCCCCAGCCAACCTGGCCGTCTACACAGCCCTTCTGCAACCTCACGACCGGATC
ATGGGGCTGGACCTGCCCGATGGGGGCCATCTCACCCACGGCTACATGTCTGACGTCAAG
CGGATATCAGCCACGTCCATCTTCTTCGAGTCTATGCCCTATAAGCTCAACCCCAAAACT
GGCCTCATTGACTACAACCAGCTGGCACTGACTGCTCGACTTTTCCGGCCACGGCTCATC
ATAGCTGGCACCAGCGCCTATGCTCGCCTCATTGACTACGCCCGCATGAGAGAGGTGTGT
GATGAAGTCAAAGCACACCTGCTGGCAGACATGGCCCACATCAGTGGCCTGGTGGCTGCC
AAGGTGATTCCCTCGCCTTTCAAGCACGCGGACATCGTCACCACCACTACTCACAAGACT
CTTCGAGGGGCCAGGTCAGGGCTCATCTTCTACCGGAAAGGGGTGAAGGCTGTGGACCCC
AAGACTGGCCGGGAGATCCCTTACACATTTGAGGACCGAATCAACTTTGCCGTGTTCCCA
TCCCTGCAGGGGGGCCCCCACAATCATGCCATTGCTGCAGTAGCTGTGGCCCTAAAGCAG
GCCTGCACCCCCATGTTCCGGGAGTACTCCCTGCAGGTTCTGAAGAATGCTCGGGCCATG
GCAGATGCCCTGCTAGAGCGAGGCTACTCACTGGTATCAGGTGGTACTGACAACCACCTG
GTGCTGGTGGACCTGCGGCCCAAGGGCCTGGATGGAGCTCGGGCTGAGCGGGTGCTAGAG
CTTGTATCCATCACTGCCAACAAGAACACCTGTCCTGGAGACCGAAGTGCCATCACACCG
GGCGGCCTGCGGCTTGGGGCCCCAGCCTTAACTTCTCGACAGTTCCGTGAGGATGACTTC
CGGAGAGTTGTGGACTTTATAGATGAAGGGGTCAACATTGGCTTAGAGGTGAAGAGCAAG
ACTGCCAAGCTCCAGGATTTCAAATCCTTCCTGCTTAAGGACTCAGAAACAAGTCAGCGT
CTGGCCAACCTCAGGCAACGGGTGGAGCAGTTTGCCAGGGCCTTCCCCATGCCTGGTTTT
GATGAGCATTGA

1. Stover PJ, Chen LH, Suh JR, Stover DM, Keyomarsi K, Shane B: Molecular cloning, characterization, and regulation of the human mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase gene. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 17;272(3):1842-8. [PubMed ]
2. Garrow TA, Brenner AA, Whitehead VM, Chen XN, Duncan RG, Korenberg JR, Shane B: Cloning of human cDNAs encoding mitochondrial and cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferases and chromosomal localization. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jun 5;268(16):11910-6. [PubMed ]
3. Snell K, Baumann U, Byrne PC, Chave KJ, Renwick SB, Sanders PG, Whitehouse SK: The genetic organization and protein crystallographic structure of human serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Adv Enzyme Regul. 2000;40:353-403. [PubMed ]

1. Serine methylase
2. Glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
3. SHMT

MTMPVNGAHKDADLWSSHDKMLAQPLKDSDVEVYNIIKKESNRQRVGLELIASENFASRA
VLEALGSCLNNKYSEGYPGQRYYGGTEFIDELETLCQKRALQAYKLDPQCWGVNVQPYSG
SPANFAVYTALVEPHGRIMGLDLPDGGHLTHGFMTDKKKISATSIFFESMPYKVNPDTGY
INYDQLEENARLFHPKLIIAGTSCYSRNLEYARLRKIADENGAYLMADMAHISGLVAAGV
VPSPFEHCHVVTTTTHKTLRGCRAGMIFYRKGVKSVDPKTGKEILYNLESLINSAVFPGL
QGGPHNHAIAGVAVALKQAMTLEFKVYQHQVVANCRALSEALTELGYKIVTGGSDNHLIL
VDLRSKGTDGGRAEKVLEACSIACNKNTCPGDRSALRPSGLRLGTPALTSRGLLEKDFQK
VAHFIHRGIELTLQIQSDTGVRATLKEFKERLAGDKYQAAVQALREEVESFASLFPLPGL
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• Cyanoamino acid metabolism (map00460 )
• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )
• Lysine Degradation (map00310 )
• Methane metabolism (map00680 )
• One Carbon Pool By Folate (map00670 )

• 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine

• SHMT (PF00464 )

• None

• None

ATGACGATGCCAGTCAACGGGGCCCACAAGGATGCTGACCTGTGGTCCTCACATGACAAG
ATGCTGGCACAACCCCTCAAAGACAGTGATGTTGAGGTTTACAACATCATTAAGAAGGAG
AGTAACCGGCAGAGGGTTGGATTGGAGCTGATTGCCTCGGAGAATTTCGCCAGCCGAGCA
GTTTTGGAGGCCCTAGGCTCTTGCTTAAATAACAAATACTCTGAGGGGTACCCGGGCCAG
AGATACTATGGCGGGACTGAGTTTATTGATGAACTGGAGACCCTCTGTCAGAAGCGAGCC
CTGCAGGCCTATAAGCTGGACCCACAGTGCTGGGGGGTCAACGTCCAGCCCTACTCAGGC
TCCCCTGCAAACTTTGCTGTGTACACTGCCCTGGTGGAACCCCATGGGCGCATCATGGGC
CTGGACCTTCCGGATGGGGGCCACCTGACCCATGGGTTCATGACAGACAAGAAGAAAATC
TCTGCCACGTCCATCTTCTTTGAATCTATGCCCTACAAGGTGAACCCAGATACTGGCTAC
ATCAACTATGACCAGCTGGAGGAGAACGCACGCCTCTTCCACCCGAAGCTGATCATCGCA
GGAACCAGCTGCTACTCCCGAAACCTGGAATATGCCCGGCTACGGAAGATTGCAGATGAG
AACGGGGCGTATCTCATGGCGGACATGGCTCACATCAGCGGGCTGGTGGCGGCTGGCGTG
GTGCCCTCCCCATTTGAACACTGCCATGTGGTGACCACCACCACTCACAAGACCCTGCGA
GGCTGCCGAGCTGGCATGATCTTCTACAGGAAAGGAGTGAAAAGTGTGGATCCCAAGACT
GGCAAAGAGATTCTGTACAACCTGGAGTCTCTTATCAATTCTGCTGTGTTCCCTGGCCTG
CAGGGAGGTCCCCACAACCACGCCATTGCTGGGGTTGCTGTGGCACTGAAGCAAGCTATG
ACTCTGGAATTTAAAGTTTATCAACACCAGGTGGTGGCCAACTGCAGGGCTCTGTCTGAG
GCCCTGACGGAGCTGGGCTACAAAATAGTCACAGGTGGTTCTGACAACCATTTGATCCTT
GTGGATCTCCGTTCCAAAGGCACAGATGGTGGAAGGGCTGAGAAGGTGCTAGAAGCCTGT
TCTATTGCCTGCAACAAGAACACCTGTCCAGGTGACAGAAGCGCTCTGCGGCCCAGTGGA
CTGCGGCTGGGGACCCCAGCACTGACGTCCCGTGGACTTTTGGAAAAAGACTTCCAAAAA
GTAGCCCACTTTATTCACAGAGGGATAGAGCTGACCCTGCAGATCCAGAGCGACACTGGT
GTCAGAGCCACCCTGAAAGAGTTCAAGGAGAGACTGGCAGGGGATAAGTACCAGGCGGCC
GTGCAGGCTCTCCGGGAGGAGGTTGAGAGCTTCGCCTCTCTCTTCCCTCTGCCTGGCCTG
CCTGACTTCTAA

1. Garrow TA, Brenner AA, Whitehead VM, Chen XN, Duncan RG, Korenberg JR, Shane B: Cloning of human cDNAs encoding mitochondrial and cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferases and chromosomal localization. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jun 5;268(16):11910-6. [PubMed ]
2. Chave KJ, Snell K, Sanders PG: Isolation and characterisation of human genomic sequences encoding cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Biochem Soc Trans. 1997 Feb;25(1):53S. [PubMed ]
3. Renwick SB, Snell K, Baumann U: The crystal structure of human cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase: a target for cancer chemotherapy. Structure. 1998 Sep 15;6(9):1105-16. [PubMed ]

1. Glycine decarboxylase
2. Glycine cleavage system P- protein

MQSCARAWGLRLGRGVGGGRRLAGGSGPCWAPRSRDSSSGGGDSAAAGASRLLERLLPRH
DDFARRHIGPGDKDQREMLQTLGLASIDELIEKTVPANIRLKRPLKMEDPVCENEILATL
HAISSKNQIWRSYIGMGYYNCSVPQTILRNLLENSGWITQYTPYQPEVSQGRLESLLNYQ
TMVCDITGLDMANASLLDEGTAAAEALQLCYRHNKRRKFLVDPRCHPQTIAVVQTRAKYT
GVLTELKLPCEMDFSGKDVSGVLFQYPDTEGKVEDFTELVERAHQSGSLACCATDLLALC
ILRPPGEFGVDIALGSSQRFGVPLGYGGPHAAFFAVRESLVRMMPGRMVGVTRDATGKEV
YRLALQTREQHIRRDKATSNICTAQALLANMAAMFAIYHGSHGLEHIARRVHNATLILSE
GLKRAGHQLQHDLFFDTLKIHCGCSVKEVLGRAAQRQINFRLFEDGTLGISLDETVNEKD
LDDLLWIFGCESSAELVAESMGEECRGIPGSVFKRTSPFLTHQVFNSYHSETNIVRYMKK
LENKDISLVHSMIPLGSCTMKLNSSSELAPITWKEFANIHPFVPLDQAQGYQQLFRELEK
DLCELTGHDQVCFQPNSGAQGEYAGLATIRAYLNQKGEGHRTVCLIPKSAHGTNPASAHM
AGMKIQPVEVDKYGNIDAVHLKAMVDKHKENLAAIMITYPSTNGVFEENISDVCDLIHQH
GGQVYLDGANMNAQVGICRPGDFGSDVSHLNLHKTFCIPHGGGGPGMGPIGVKKHLAPFL
PNHPVISLKRNEDACPVGTVSAAPWGSSSILPISWAYIKMMGGKGLKQATETAILNANYM
AKRLETHYRILFRGARGYVGHEFILDTRPFKKSANIEAVDVAKRLQDYGFHAPTMSWPVA
GTLMVEPTESEDKAELDRFCDAMISIRQEIADIEEGRIDPRVNPLKMSPHSLTCVTSSHW
DRPYSREVAAFPLPFVKPENKFWPTIARIDDIYGDQHLVCTCPPMEVYESPFSEQKRASS

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

• glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine = H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2

• GDC-P (PF02347 )

• None

• None

ATGCAGTCCTGTGCCAGGGCGTGGGGGCTGCGCCTGGGCCGCGGGGTCGGGGGCGGCCGC
CGCCTGGCTGGGGGATCGGGGCCGTGCTGGGCGCCGCGGAGCCGGGACAGCAGCAGTGGC
GGCGGGGACAGCGCCGCGGCTGGGGCCTCGCGCCTCCTGGAGCGCCTTCTGCCCAGACAC
GACGACTTCGCTCGGAGGCACATCGGCCCTGGGGACAAAGACCAGAGAGAGATGCTGCAG
ACCTTGGGGCTGGCGAGCATTGATGAATTGATCGAGAAGACGGTCCCTGCCAACATCCGT
TTGAAAAGACCCTTGAAAATGGAAGACCCTGTTTGTGAAAATGAAATCCTTGCAACTCTG
CATGCCATTTCAAGCAAAAACCAGATCTGGAGATCGTATATTGGCATGGGCTATTATAAC
TGCTCAGTGCCACAGACGATTTTGCGGAACTTACTGGAGAACTCAGGATGGATCACCCAG
TATACTCCATACCAGCCTGAGGTGTCTCAGGGGAGGCTGGAGAGTTTACTCAACTACCAG
ACCATGGTGTGTGACATCACAGGCCTGGACATGGCCAATGCATCCCTGCTGGATGAGGGG
ACTGCAGCCGCAGAGGCACTGCAGCTGTGCTACAGACACAACAAGAGGAGGAAATTTCTC
GTTGATCCCCGTTGCCACCCACAGACAATAGCTGTTGTCCAGACTCGAGCCAAATATACT
GGAGTCCTCACTGAGCTGAAGTTACCCTGTGAAATGGACTTCAGTGGAAAAGATGTCAGT
GGAGTGTTGTTCCAGTACCCAGACACGGAGGGGAAGGTGGAAGACTTTACGGAACTCGTG
GAGAGAGCTCATCAGAGTGGGAGCCTGGCCTGCTGTGCTACTGACCTTTTAGCTTTGTGC
ATCTTGAGGCCACCTGGAGAATTTGGGGTAGACATCGCCCTGGGCAGCTCCCAGAGATTT
GGAGTGCCACTGGGCTATGGGGGACCCCATGCAGCATTTTTTGCTGTCCGAGAAAGCTTG
GTGAGAATGATGCCTGGAAGAATGGTGGGGGTAACAAGAGATGCCACTGGGAAAGAAGTG
TATCGTCTTGCTCTTCAAACCAGGGAGCAACACATTCGGAGAGACAAGGCTACCAGCAAC
ATCTGTACAGCTCAGGCCCTCTTGGCGAATATGGCTGCCATGTTTGCAATCTACCATGGT
TCCCATGGGCTGGAGCATATTGCTAGGAGGGTACATAATGCCACTTTGATTTTGTCAGAA
GGTCTCAAGCGAGCAGGGCATCAACTCCAGCATGACCTGTTCTTTGATACCTTGAAGATT
CATTGTGGCTGCTCAGTGAAGGAGGTCTTGGGCAGGGCGGCTCAGCGGCAGATCAATTTT
CGGCTTTTTGAGGATGGCACACTTGGTATTTCTCTTGATGAAACAGTCAATGAAAAAGAT
CTGGACGATTTGTTGTGGATCTTTGGTTGTGAGTCATCTGCAGAACTGGTTGCTGAAAGC
ATGGGAGAGGAGTGCAGAGGTATTCCAGGGTCTGTGTTCAAGAGGACCAGCCCGTTCCTC
ACCCATCAAGTGTTCAACAGCTACCACTCTGAAACAAACATTGTCCGGTACATGAAGAAA
CTGGAAAATAAAGACATTTCCCTTGTTCACAGCATGATTCCACTGGGATCCTGCACCATG
AAACTGAACAGTTCGTCTGAACTCGCACCTATCACATGGAAAGAATTTGCAAACATCCAC
CCCTTTGTGCCTCTGGATCAAGCTCAAGGATATCAGCAGCTTTTCCGAGAGCTTGAGAAG
GATTTGTGTGAACTCACAGGTCATGACCAGGTCTGTTTCCAGCCAAACAGCGGAGCCCAG
GGAGAATATGCTGGACTGGCCACTATCCGAGCCTACTTAAACCAGAAAGGAGAGGGGCAC
AGAACGGTTTGCCTCATTCCGAAATCAGCACATGGGACCAACCCAGCAAGTGCCCACATG
GCAGGCATGAAGATTCAGCCTGTGGAGGTGGATAAATATGGGAATATCGATGCAGTTCAC
CTCAAGGCCATGGTGGATAAGCACAAGGAGAACCTAGCAGCTATCATGATTACATACCCA
TCCACCAATGGGGTGTTTGAAGAGAACATCAGTGACGTGTGTGACCTCATCCATCAACAT
GGAGGACAGGTCTACCTAGACGGGGCAAATATGAATGCTCAGGTGGGAATCTGTCGCCCT
GGAGACTTCGGGTCTGATGTCTCGCACCTAAATCTTCACAAGACCTTCTGCATTCCCCAC
GGAGGAGGTGGTCCTGGCATGGGGCCCATCGGAGTGAAGAAACATCTCGCCCCGTTTTTG
CCCAATCATCCCGTCATTTCACTAAAGCGGAATGAGGATGCCTGTCCTGTGGGAACCGTC
AGTGCGGCCCCATGGGGCTCCAGTTCCATCTTGCCCATTTCCTGGGCTTATATCAAGATG
ATGGGAGGCAAGGGTCTTAAACAAGCCACGGAAACTGCGATATTAAATGCCAACTACATG
GCCAAGCGATTAGAAACACACTACAGAATTCTTTTCAGGGGTGCAAGAGGTTATGTGGGT
CATGAATTTATTTTGGACACGAGACCCTTCAAAAAGTCTGCAAATATTGAGGCTGTGGAT
GTGGCCAAGAGACTCCAGGATTATGGATTTCACGCCCCTACCATGTCCTGGCCTGTGGCA
GGGACCCTCATGGTGGAGCCCACTGAGTCGGAGGACAAGGCAGAGCTGGACAGATTCTGT
GATGCCATGATCAGCATTCGGCAGGAAATTGCTGACATTGAGGAGGGCCGCATCGACCCC
AGGGTCAATCCGCTGAAGATGTCTCCACACTCCCTGACCTGCGTTACATCTTCCCACTGG
GACCGGCCTTATTCCAGAGAGGTGGCAGCATTCCCACTCCCCTTCGTGAAACCAGAGAAC
AAATTCTGGCCAACGATTGCCCGGATTGATGACATATATGGAGATCAGCACCTGGTTTGT
ACCTGCCCACCCATGGAAGTTTATGAGTCTCCATTTTCTGAACAAAAGAGGGCGTCTTCT
TAG

1. Kure S, Narisawa K, Tada K: Structural and expression analyses of normal and mutant mRNA encoding glycine decarboxylase: three-base deletion in mRNA causes nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Feb 14;174(3):1176-82. [PubMed ]
2. Kume A, Koyata H, Sakakibara T, Ishiguro Y, Kure S, Hiraga K: The glycine cleavage system. Molecular cloning of the chicken and human glycine decarboxylase cDNAs and some characteristics involved in the deduced protein structures. J Biol Chem. 1991 Feb 15;266(5):3323-9. [PubMed ]
3. Kure S, Takayanagi M, Narisawa K, Tada K, Leisti J: Identification of a common mutation in Finnish patients with nonketotic hyperglycinemia. J Clin Invest. 1992 Jul;90(1):160-4. [PubMed ]
4. Toone JR, Applegarth DA, Coulter-Mackie MB, James ER: Recurrent mutations in P- and T-proteins of the glycine cleavage complex and a novel T-protein mutation (N145I): a strategy for the molecular investigation of patients with nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH). Mol Genet Metab. 2001 Apr;72(4):322-5. [PubMed ]
5. Applegarth DA, Toone JR: Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (glycine encephalopathy): laboratory diagnosis. Mol Genet Metab. 2001 Sep-Oct;74(1-2):139-46. [PubMed ]

1. ALT1
2. Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 1
3. GPT 1
4. Glutamic--alanine transaminase 1

MASSTGDRSQAVRHGLRAKVLTLDGMNPRVRRVEYAVRGPIVQRALELEQELRQGVKKPF
TEVIRANIGDAQAMGQRPITFLRQVLALCVNPDLLSSPNFPDDAKKRAERILQACGGHSL
GAYSVSSGIQLIREDVARYIERRDGGIPADPNNVFLSTGASDAIVTVLKLLVAGEGHTRT
GVLIPIPQYPLYSATLAELGAVQVDYYLDEERAWALDVAELHRALGQARDHCRPRALCVI
NPGNPTGQVQTRECIEAVIRFAFEERLFLLADEVYQDNVYAAGSQFHSFKKVLMEMGPPY
AGQQELASFHSTSKGYMGECGFRGGYVEVVNMDAAVQQQMLKLMSVRLCPPVPGQALLDL
VVSPPAPTDPSFAQFQAEKQAVLAELAAKAKLTEQVFNEAPGISCNPVQGAMYSFPRVQL
PPRAVERAQELGLAPDMFFCLRLLEETGICVVPGSGFGQREGTYHFRMTILPPLEKLRLL
LEKLSRFHAKFTLEYS

• Carbon fixation (map00710 )
• Glutamate Metabolism (map00251 )

• L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCTCGAGCACAGGTGACCGGAGCCAGGCGGTGAGGCATGGACTGAGGGCGAAGGTG
CTGACGCTGGACGGCATGAACCCGCGTGTGCGGAGAGTGGAGTACGCAGTGCGTGGCCCC
ATAGTGCAGCGAGCCTTGGAGCTGGAGCAGGAGCTGCGCCAGGGTGTGAAGAAGCCTTTC
ACCGAGGTCATCCGTGCCAACATCGGGGACGCACAGGCTATGGGGCAGAGGCCCATCACC
TTCCTGCGCCAGGTCTTGGCCCTCTGTGTTAACCCTGATCTTCTGAGCAGCCCCAACTTC
CCTGACGATGCCAAGAAAAGGGCGGAGCGCATCTTGCAGGCGTGTGGGGGCCACAGTCTG
GGGGCCTACAGCGTCAGCTCCGGCATCCAGCTGATCCGGGAGGACGTGGCGCGGTACATT
GAGAGGCGTGACGGAGGCATCCCTGCGGACCCCAACAACGTCTTCCTGTCCACAGGGGCC
AGCGATGCCATCGTGACGGTGCTGAAGCTGCTGGTGGCCGGCGAGGGCCACACACGCACG
GGTGTGCTCATCCCCATCCCCCAGTACCCACTCTACTCGGCCACGCTGGCAGAGCTGGGC
GCAGTGCAGGTGGATTACTACCTGGACGAGGAGCGTGCCTGGGCGCTGGACGTGGCCGAG
CTTCACCGTGCACTGGGCCAGGCGCGTGACCACTGCCGCCCTCGTGCGCTCTGTGTCATC
AACCCTGGCAACCCCACCGGGCAGGTGCAGACCCGCGAGTGCATCGAGGCCGTGATCCGC
TTCGCCTTCGAAGAGCGGCTCTTTCTGCTGGCGGACGAGGTGTACCAGGACAACGTGTAC
GCCGCGGGTTCGCAGTTCCACTCATTCAAGAAGGTGCTCATGGAGATGGGGCCGCCCTAC
GCCGGGCAGCAGGAGCTTGCCTCCTTCCACTCCACCTCCAAGGGCTACATGGGCGAGTGC
GGGTTCCGCGGCGGCTATGTGGAGGTGGTGAACATGGACGCTGCAGTGCAGCAGCAGATG
CTGAAGCTGATGAGTGTGCGGCTGTGCCCGCCGGTGCCAGGACAGGCCCTGCTGGACCTG
GTGGTCAGCCCGCCCGCGCCCACCGACCCCTCCTTTGCGCAGTTCCAGGCTGAGAAGCAG
GCAGTGCTGGCAGAGCTGGCGGCCAAGGCCAAGCTCACCGAGCAGGTCTTCAATGAGGCT
CCTGGCATCAGCTGCAACCCAGTGCAGGGCGCCATGTACTCCTTCCCGCGCGTGCAGCTG
CCCCCGCGGGCGGTGGAGCGCGCTCAGGAGCTGGGCCTGGCCCCCGATATGTTCTTCTGC
CTGCGCCTCCTGGAGGAGACCGGCATCTGCGTGGTGCCAGGGAGCGGCTTTGGGCAGCGG
GAAGGCACCTACCACTTCCGGATGACCATTCTGCCCCCCTTGGAGAAACTGCGGCTGCTG
CTGGAGAAGCTGAGCAGGTTCCATGCCAAGTTCACCCTCGAGTACTCCTGA

1. Sohocki MM, Sullivan LS, Harrison WR, Sodergren EJ, Elder FF, Weinstock G, Tanase S, Daiger SP: Human glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT): localization to 8q24.3, cDNA and genomic sequences, and polymorphic sites. Genomics. 1997 Mar 1;40(2):247-52. [PubMed ]
2. Ishiguro M, Takio K, Suzuki M, Oyama R, Matsuzawa T, Titani K: Complete amino acid sequence of human liver cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (GPT) determined by a combination of conventional and mass spectral methods. Biochemistry. 1991 Oct 29;30(43):10451-7. [PubMed ]
3. Yang RZ, Blaileanu G, Hansen BC, Shuldiner AR, Gong DW: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of a novel human alanine aminotransferase. Genomics. 2002 Mar;79(3):445-50. [PubMed ]

1. PSAT

MDAPRQVVNFGPGPAKLPHSVLLEIQKELLDYKGVGISVLEMSHRSSDFAKIINNTENLV
RELLAVPDNYKVIFLQGGGCGQFSAVPLNLIGLKAGRCADYVVTGAWSAKAAEEAKKFGT
INIVHPKLGSYTKIPDPSTWNLNPDASYVYYCANETVHGVEFDFIPDVKGAVLVCDMSSN
FLSKPVDVSKFGVIFAGAQKNVGSAGVTVVIVRDDLLGFALRECPSVLEYKVQAGNSSLY
NTPPCFSIYVMGLVLEWIKNNGGAAAMEKLSSIKSQTIYEIIDNSQGFYVCPVEPQNRSK
MNIPFRIGNAKGDDALEKRFLDKALELNMLSLKGHRSVGGIRASLYNAVTIEDVQKLAAF
MKKFLEMHQL

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )
• Vitamin B6 Metabolism (map00750 )

• O-phospho-L-serine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-phosphonooxypyruvate + L-glutamate

• Aminotran_5 (PF00266 )

• None

• None

ATGGACGCCCCCAGGCAGGTGGTCAACTTTGGGCCTGGTCCCGCCAAGCTGCCGCACTCA
GTGTTGTTAGAGATACAAAAGGAATTATTAGACTACAAAGGAGTTGGCATTAGTGTTCTT
GAAATGAGTCACAGGTCATCAGATTTTGCCAAGATTATTAACAATACAGAGAATCTTGTG
CGGGAATTGCTAGCTGTTCCAGACAACTATAAGGTGATTTTTCTGCAAGGAGGTGGGTGC
GGCCAGTTCAGTGCTGTCCCCTTAAACCTCATTGGCTTGAAAGCAGGAAGGTGTGCGGAC
TATGTGGTGACAGGAGCTTGGTCAGCTAAGGCCGCAGAAGAAGCCAAGAAGTTTGGGACT
ATAAATATCGTTCACCCTAAACTTGGGAGTTATACAAAAATTCCAGATCCAAGCACCTGG
AACCTCAACCCAGATGCCTCCTACGTGTATTATTGCGCAAATGAGACGGTGCATGGTGTG
GAGTTTGACTTTATACCCGATGTCAAGGGAGCAGTACTGGTTTGTGACATGTCCTCAAAC
TTCCTGTCCAAGCCAGTGGATGTTTCCAAGTTTGGTGTGATTTTTGCTGGTGCCCAGAAG
AATGTTGGCTCTGCTGGGGTCACCGTGGTGATTGTCCGTGATGACCTGCTGGGGTTTGCC
CTCCGAGAGTGCCCCTCGGTCCTGGAATACAAGGTGCAGGCTGGAAACAGCTCCTTGTAC
AACACGCCTCCATGTTTCAGCATCTACGTCATGGGCTTGGTTCTGGAGTGGATTAAAAAC
AATGGAGGTGCCGCGGCCATGGAGAAGCTTAGCTCCATCAAATCTCAAACAATTTATGAG
ATTATTGATAATTCTCAAGGATTCTACGTGTCTGTGGGAGGCATCCGGGCCTCTCTGTAT
AATGCTGTCACAATTGAAGACGTTCAGAAGCTGGCCGCCTTCATGAAAAAATTTTTGGAG
ATGCATCAGCTATGA

1. Baek JY, Jun DY, Taub D, Kim YH: Characterization of human phosphoserine aminotransferase involved in the phosphorylated pathway of L-serine biosynthesis. Biochem J. 2003 Jul 1;373(Pt 1):191-200. [PubMed ]

1. HDC

MMEPEEYRERGREMVDYICQYLSTVRERRVTPDVQPGYLRAQLPESAPEDPDSWDSIFGD
IERIIMPGVVHWQSPHMHAYYPALTSWPSLLGDMLADAINCLGFTWASSPACTELEMNVM
DWLAKMLGLPEHFLHHHPSSQGGGVLQSTVSESTLIALLAARKNKILEMKTSEPDADESC
LNARLVAYASDQAHSSVEKAGLISLVKMKFLPVDDNFSLRGEALQKAIEEDKQRGLVPVF
VCATLGTTGVCAFDCLSELGPICAREGLWLHIDAAYAGTAFLCPEFRGFLKGIEYADSFT
FNPSKWMMVHFDCTGFWVKDKYKLQQTFSVNPIYLRHANSGVATDFMHWQIPLSRRFRSV
KLWFVIRSFGVKNLQAHVRHGTEMAKYFESLVRNDPSFEIPAKRHLGLVVFRLKGPNCLT
ENVLKEIAKAGRLFLIPATIQDKLIIRFTVTSQFTTRDDILRDWNLIRDAATLILSQHCT
SQPSPRVGNLISQIRGARAWACGTSLQSVSGAGDDPVQARKIIKQPQRVGAGPMKRENGL
HLETLLDPVDDCFSEEAPDATKHKLSSFLFSYLSVQTKKKTVRSLSCNSVPVSAQKPLPT
EASVKNGGSSRVRIFSRFPEDMMMLKKSAFKKLIKFYSVPSFPECSSQCGLQLPCCPLQA
MV

• Histidine Metabolism (map00340 )

• L-histidine = histamine + CO2

• Pyridoxal_deC (PF00282 )

• None

• None

ATGATGGAGCCTGAGGAGTACAGAGAGAGAGGGAGAGAGATGGTGGATTACATCTGCCAG
TACCTGAGCACTGTGCGGGAGAGACGTGTGACGCCAGACGTGCAGCCTGGCTACCTGCGA
GCCCAGCTGCCTGAGAGTGCTCCTGAGGACCCCGACAGCTGGGACAGCATCTTTGGGGAC
ATTGAACGAATCATCATGCCTGGGGTGGTACATTGGCAGAGCCCCCATATGCACGCCTAC
TACCCAGCCCTCACCTCTTGGCCCTCCCTGCTAGGAGACATGCTGGCTGATGCCATCAAC
TGCTTGGGATTCACCTGGGCATCCAGCCCTGCGTGTACAGAGCTGGAGATGAACGTCATG
GACTGGTTGGCAAAAATGCTGGGACTTCCAGAGCACTTCTTGCACCACCACCCCAGCAGC
CAGGGCGGAGGCGTCCTGCAGCAGACGGTCAGTGAATCCACTTTGATTGCCCTGCTGGCA
GCAAGGAAGAACAAAATCCTGGAAATGAAAACGTCTGAGCCCGATGCTGATGAGTCCTGC
CTAAATGCCCGACTCGTGGCCTATGCCTCTGACCAGGCTCACTCCTCTGTGGAAAAGGCT
GGTTTGATTTCCCTTGTGAAGATGAAATTTCTGCCTGTGGATGACAACTTCTCACTCCGA
GGGGAAGCTCTTCAGAAGGCCATCGAGGAAGACAAGCAGCGGGGCTTGGTGCCCGTCTTT
GTCTGTGCAACACTAGGGACCACTGGGGTCTGTGCATTTGACTGCCTGTCAGAGCTGGGC
CCCATCTGTGCCCGTGAGGGGCTGTGGCTCCACATCGATGCTGCTTATGCAGGCACTGCC
TTCCTGTGCCCCGAGTTCCGGGGGTTTCTGAAGGGGATTGAGTATGCCGACTCCTTCACC
TTTAATCCTTCCAAGTGGATGATGGTGCATTTTGACTGTACTGGGTTCTGGGTCAAGGAC
AAGTACAAGCTGCAGCAGACCTTCAGTGTGAATCCCATCTACCTCAGGCATGCCAACTCA
GGCGTGGCCACCGACTTCATGCACTGGCAGATCCCCCTGAGCCGACGGTTTCGCTCTGTT
AAACTCTGGTTCGTGATTCGGTCCTTCGGGGTGAAGAATCTTCAAGCACATGTCAGACAT
GGTACTGAAATGGCTAAATATTTTGAATCTCTGGTCAGAAACGACCCTTCCTTTGAAATT
CCTGCCAAGAGGCACCTTGGCCTGGTGGTTTTTCGTCTAAAGGGTCCTAATTGTCTCACA
GAAAATGTGTTAAAGGAAATAGCTAAAGCTGGCCGTCTCTTCCTCATCCCGGCCACTATC
CAGGACAAGTTAATCATCCGTTTCACTGTGACATCCCAGTTTACCACTAGGGATGACATC
CTGAGAGACTGGAATCTCATTCGAGATGCTGCCACTCTCATCCTGAGTCAGCACTGTACT
TCCCAACCCAGCCCTCGGGTTGGGAACCTCATCTCCCAAATCAGGGGTGCCAGAGCCTGG
GCCTGTGGAACGTCCCTTCAGTCTGTCAGTGGGGCAGGAGATGATCCAGTCCAGGCCAGG
AAGATCATCAAGCAGCCTCAGCGTGTGGGAGCCGGTCCCATGAAAAGGGAAAATGGCCTC
CATCTTGAAACCCTGCTGGACCCAGTTGATGACTGCTTTTCAGAAGAGGCCCCAGATGCC
ACCAAGCACAAGCTGTCCTCCTTCCTGTTCAGTTACTTGTCTGTGCAGACTAAGAAGAAG
ACGGTGCGCTCCCTCAGTTGCAACAGTGTGCCAGTGAGTGCTCAGAAGCCACTGCCCACA
GAGGCCTCTGTGAAGAATGGGGGCTCCTCCAGGGTCAGAATCTTTTCCAGGTTTCCAGAA
GACATGATGATGCTGAAGAAAAGTGCCTTCAAAAAACTCATCAAATTCTACAGCGTCCCC
AGCTTTCCTGAATGCAGCTCTCAATGTGGACTCCAGCTGCCCTGTTGCCCTCTGCAGGCC
ATGGTTTAG

1. Yamauchi K, Sato R, Tanno Y, Ohkawara Y, Maeyama K, Watanabe T, Satoh K, Yoshizawa M, Shibahara S, Takishima T: Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding L-histidine decarboxylase derived from human basophilic leukemia cell line, KU-812-F. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Oct 11;18(19):5891. [PubMed ]
2. Zahnow CA, Yi HF, McBride OW, Joseph DR: Cloning of the cDNA encoding human histidine decarboxylase from an erythroleukemia cell line and mapping of the gene locus to chromosome 15. DNA Seq. 1991;1(6):395-400. [PubMed ]
3. Mamune-Sato R, Yamauchi K, Tanno Y, Ohkawara Y, Ohtsu H, Katayose D, Maeyama K, Watanabe T, Shibahara S, Takishima T: Functional analysis of alternatively spliced transcripts of the human histidine decarboxylase gene and its expression in human tissues and basophilic leukemia cells. Eur J Biochem. 1992 Oct 15;209(2):533-9. [PubMed ]
4. Yatsunami K, Ohtsu H, Tsuchikawa M, Higuchi T, Ishibashi K, Shida A, Shima Y, Nakagawa S, Yamauchi K, Yamamoto M, et al.: Structure of the L-histidine decarboxylase gene. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 14;269(2):1554-9. [PubMed ]

1. Long chain base biosynthesis protein 1
2. LCB 1
3. Serine-palmitoyl-CoA transferase 1
4. SPT 1
5. SPT1

MATATEQWVLVEMVQALYEAPAYHLILEGILILWIIRLLFSKTYKLQERSDLTVKEKEEL
IEEWQPEPLVPPVPKDHPALNYNIVSGPPSHKTVVNGKECINFASFNFLGLLDNPRVKAA
ALASLKKYGVGTCGPRGFYGTFDVHLDLEDRLAKFMKTEEAIIYSYGFATIASAIPAYSK
RGDIVFVDRAACFAIQKGLQASRSDIKLFKHNDMADLERLLKEQEIEDQKNPRKARVTRR
FIVVEGLYMNTGTICPLPELVKLKYKYKARIFLEESLSFGVLGEHGRGVTEHYGINIDDI
DLISANMENALASIGGFCCGRSFVIDHQRLSGQGYCFSASLPPLLAAAAIEALNIMEENP
GIFAVLKEKCGQIHKALQGISGLKVVGESLSPAFHLQLEESTGSREQDVRLLQEIVDQCM
NRSIALTQARYLEKEEKCLPPPSIRVVVTVEQTEEELERAASTIKEVAQAVLL

• Sphingolipid Metabolism (map00600 )

• palmitoyl-CoA + L-serine = CoA + 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine + CO2

• Aminotran_1_2 (PF00155 )