Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2006-05-22 14:17:36 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:12 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0002100 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Palmitoylethanolamide |
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Description | N-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is present in the tissues of most mammals. It was initially described as an agonist of the type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2), although it is now universally recognized that PEA is in fact incapable of binding to cannabinoid receptors, or at least not to the known receptors. In addition to its anti-inflammatory activity, PEA also produces analgesia, neuroprotection, and possesses anti-epileptic properties. It also reduces gastrointestinal motility and cancer cell proliferation, as well as protecting the vascular endothelium in the ischemic heart. The physiological stimuli that regulate PEA levels in mammalian tissues are largely unknown, however, multiple studies indicate that this lipid accumulates during cellular stress, particularly following tissue injury. For example, PEA increases post-mortem in the pig brain. Similar elevations in PEA levels have been observed in the ischemic brain and PEA is also up-regulated in response to ultraviolet-B irradiation in mouse epidermal cells. Adipose tissue is highly implicated in the systemic secretion of IL-6 and leptin, and human mature adipocytes are able to secrete large quantity of PEA. Human adipose tissue can be subjected to modulation of its inflammatory state by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS strongly inhibits adipose cell leptin release, with PEA acting as a potentiator of this inhibitory effect. These actions are not linked to a reduction in leptin gene transcription. Thus, PEA does not have an anti-inflammatory role in the secretion of IL-6 via NFkappaB at the adipocyte level, but instead seems to act at the heart of the LPS-stimulated pathway, which, independently of NFkappaB, inhibits the secretion of leptin. (PMID: 16884908 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C18H37NO2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-18(21)19-16-17-20/h20H,2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,21) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Anandamide (16:0) | ChEBI | Hexadecanoyl ethanolamide | ChEBI | Hydroxyethylpalmitamide | ChEBI | Monoethanolamine palmitic acid amide | ChEBI | N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)palmitamide | ChEBI | N-Hexadecanoylethanolamine | ChEBI | N-Palmitoylethanolamine | ChEBI | Palmidrol | ChEBI | Palmidrolum | ChEBI | Palmitamide mea | ChEBI | Palmitic acid monoethanolamide | ChEBI | Palmitinsaeure-beta-hydroxyethylamid | ChEBI | Palmitoyl-ea | ChEBI | PEA | ChEBI | Palmdrol prodes | Kegg | Monoethanolamine palmitate amide | Generator | Palmitate monoethanolamide | Generator | Palmitinsaeure-b-hydroxyethylamid | Generator | Palmitinsaeure-β-hydroxyethylamid | Generator | Impulsin | MeSH | MimyX | MeSH | N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)palmitate | MeSH | Palmitylethanolamide | MeSH | N-Hexadecanoyl ethanolamine | ChEBI, HMDB | Loramine P 256 | HMDB | N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide | HMDB | N-Hexadecyl-ethanolamine | HMDB | Palmitoyl ethanolamide | HMDB | Palmitoylethanolamide | ChEBI |
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Chemical Formula | C18H37NO2 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 299.4919 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 299.282429433 |
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IUPAC Name | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide |
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Traditional Name | palmitoylethanolamide |
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CAS Registry Number | 544-31-0 |
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SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C18H37NO2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-18(21)19-16-17-20/h20H,2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,21) |
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InChI Key | HXYVTAGFYLMHSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboximidic acids. These are organic acids with the general formula RC(=N)-OH (R=H, organic group). |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboximidic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Carboximidic acids |
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Direct Parent | Carboximidic acids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
- Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
- Carboximidic acid
- Alkanolamine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | |
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Process | |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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Palmitoylethanolamide,1TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO[Si](C)(C)C | 2519.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Palmitoylethanolamide,1TMS,isomer #2 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO)[Si](C)(C)C | 2489.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Palmitoylethanolamide,2TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 2596.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Palmitoylethanolamide,2TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 2601.8 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Palmitoylethanolamide,2TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C | 2562.2 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Palmitoylethanolamide,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2736.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Palmitoylethanolamide,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2741.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Palmitoylethanolamide,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 3046.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Palmitoylethanolamide,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2932.9 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Palmitoylethanolamide,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2791.8 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-01ot-9550000000-2a81c82885f59140f22b | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00dj-9342000000-ad8530134ab4732a0f8c | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0198000000-1cff41413d7ea5aa691e | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03e9-9150000000-f699f2ee45fd83d20176 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0w29-7179000000-22766d934944105dccf9 | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03dl-9130000000-c6d2bfc2e68da1f5b0d2 | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-01ox-9410000000-d078025cabaaf62c59b9 | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0002-1090000000-5224a67dd0daaea79191 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-01ot-5090000000-dd9396934201d60f5af2 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9010000000-d5bf936e945bfc965dfe | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0002-0090000000-86444a8ba84f59241172 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0002-3190000000-31bf9918e08d5134f37c | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-052f-9120000000-95f7b48f422a8476addb | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0w29-9008000000-4fe7f397e16e4c5cdf0f | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03dl-9000000000-e26f03daa120b23660dc | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-6cd5890dca5525a7b1e2 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted) | 2022-08-20 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | |
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Biospecimen Locations | - Blood
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Feces
- Urine
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Tissue Locations | |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Blood | Detected and Quantified | 0.013 (0.0094-0.0167) uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 25.1 +/- 12 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | Detected and Quantified | 0.00212 +/- 0.00072 uM | Not Specified | Not Specified | normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Infant (0-1 year old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Infant (0-1 year old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Infant (0-1 year old) | Not Available | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB001087 |
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KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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Chemspider ID | 4509 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C16512 |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Palmitoylethanolamide |
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METLIN ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound | 4671 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 71464 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | PMETH |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | rw1301821 |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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General References | - Hoareau L, Ravanan P, Gonthier MP, Delarue P, Goncalves J, Cesari M, Festy F, Roche R: Effect of PEA on LPS inflammatory action in human adipocytes. Cytokine. 2006 Jun;34(5-6):291-6. Epub 2006 Aug 1. [PubMed:16884908 ]
- Brunk E, Sahoo S, Zielinski DC, Altunkaya A, Drager A, Mih N, Gatto F, Nilsson A, Preciat Gonzalez GA, Aurich MK, Prlic A, Sastry A, Danielsdottir AD, Heinken A, Noronha A, Rose PW, Burley SK, Fleming RMT, Nielsen J, Thiele I, Palsson BO: Recon3D enables a three-dimensional view of gene variation in human metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Mar;36(3):272-281. doi: 10.1038/nbt.4072. Epub 2018 Feb 19. [PubMed:29457794 ]
- Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
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