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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-05-22 14:17:36 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:12 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0002100
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB02100
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePalmitoylethanolamide
DescriptionN-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is present in the tissues of most mammals. It was initially described as an agonist of the type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2), although it is now universally recognized that PEA is in fact incapable of binding to cannabinoid receptors, or at least not to the known receptors. In addition to its anti-inflammatory activity, PEA also produces analgesia, neuroprotection, and possesses anti-epileptic properties. It also reduces gastrointestinal motility and cancer cell proliferation, as well as protecting the vascular endothelium in the ischemic heart. The physiological stimuli that regulate PEA levels in mammalian tissues are largely unknown, however, multiple studies indicate that this lipid accumulates during cellular stress, particularly following tissue injury. For example, PEA increases post-mortem in the pig brain. Similar elevations in PEA levels have been observed in the ischemic brain and PEA is also up-regulated in response to ultraviolet-B irradiation in mouse epidermal cells. Adipose tissue is highly implicated in the systemic secretion of IL-6 and leptin, and human mature adipocytes are able to secrete large quantity of PEA. Human adipose tissue can be subjected to modulation of its inflammatory state by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS strongly inhibits adipose cell leptin release, with PEA acting as a potentiator of this inhibitory effect. These actions are not linked to a reduction in leptin gene transcription. Thus, PEA does not have an anti-inflammatory role in the secretion of IL-6 via NFkappaB at the adipocyte level, but instead seems to act at the heart of the LPS-stimulated pathway, which, independently of NFkappaB, inhibits the secretion of leptin. (PMID: 16884908 ).
Structure
Data?1582752229
Synonyms
ValueSource
Anandamide (16:0)ChEBI
Hexadecanoyl ethanolamideChEBI
HydroxyethylpalmitamideChEBI
Monoethanolamine palmitic acid amideChEBI
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)palmitamideChEBI
N-HexadecanoylethanolamineChEBI
N-PalmitoylethanolamineChEBI
PalmidrolChEBI
PalmidrolumChEBI
Palmitamide meaChEBI
Palmitic acid monoethanolamideChEBI
Palmitinsaeure-beta-hydroxyethylamidChEBI
Palmitoyl-eaChEBI
PEAChEBI
Palmdrol prodesKegg
Monoethanolamine palmitate amideGenerator
Palmitate monoethanolamideGenerator
Palmitinsaeure-b-hydroxyethylamidGenerator
Palmitinsaeure-β-hydroxyethylamidGenerator
ImpulsinMeSH
MimyXMeSH
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)palmitateMeSH
PalmitylethanolamideMeSH
N-Hexadecanoyl ethanolamineChEBI, HMDB
Loramine P 256HMDB
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamideHMDB
N-Hexadecyl-ethanolamineHMDB
Palmitoyl ethanolamideHMDB
PalmitoylethanolamideChEBI
Chemical FormulaC18H37NO2
Average Molecular Weight299.4919
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight299.282429433
IUPAC NameN-(2-hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide
Traditional Namepalmitoylethanolamide
CAS Registry Number544-31-0
SMILES
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C18H37NO2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-18(21)19-16-17-20/h20H,2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,21)
InChI KeyHXYVTAGFYLMHSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboximidic acids. These are organic acids with the general formula RC(=N)-OH (R=H, organic group).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboximidic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassCarboximidic acids
Direct ParentCarboximidic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Alkanolamine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point98.5 °CNot Available
Boiling Point461.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility0.44 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP5.820 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0014 g/LALOGPS
logP5.74ALOGPS
logP4.98ChemAxon
logS-5.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)15.46ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.33ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area49.33 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count16ChemAxon
Refractivity90.09 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability40.05 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+178.52631661259
DarkChem[M-H]-179.04731661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+177.6930932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-174.03630932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-210.81930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+186.65730932474
AllCCS[M+H]+183.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+180.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+185.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+186.632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-182.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-183.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-185.232859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
PalmitoylethanolamideCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO3055.1Standard polar33892256
PalmitoylethanolamideCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO2369.0Standard non polar33892256
PalmitoylethanolamideCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO2542.0Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Palmitoylethanolamide,1TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO[Si](C)(C)C2519.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Palmitoylethanolamide,1TMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO)[Si](C)(C)C2489.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Palmitoylethanolamide,2TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2596.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Palmitoylethanolamide,2TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2601.8Standard non polar33892256
Palmitoylethanolamide,2TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2562.2Standard polar33892256
Palmitoylethanolamide,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2736.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Palmitoylethanolamide,1TBDMS,isomer #2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2741.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Palmitoylethanolamide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3046.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Palmitoylethanolamide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2932.9Standard non polar33892256
Palmitoylethanolamide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2791.8Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-01ot-9550000000-2a81c82885f59140f22b2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00dj-9342000000-ad8530134ab4732a0f8c2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0198000000-1cff41413d7ea5aa691e2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03e9-9150000000-f699f2ee45fd83d201762021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0w29-7179000000-22766d934944105dccf92015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03dl-9130000000-c6d2bfc2e68da1f5b0d22015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01ox-9410000000-d078025cabaaf62c59b92015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-1090000000-5224a67dd0daaea791912015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01ot-5090000000-dd9396934201d60f5af22015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9010000000-d5bf936e945bfc965dfe2015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0090000000-86444a8ba84f592411722021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-3190000000-31bf9918e08d5134f37c2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-052f-9120000000-95f7b48f422a8476addb2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0w29-9008000000-4fe7f397e16e4c5cdf0f2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03dl-9000000000-e26f03daa120b23660dc2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Palmitoylethanolamide 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-6cd5890dca5525a7b1e22021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)2022-08-20Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Placenta
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.013 (0.0094-0.0167) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified25.1 +/- 12 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.00212 +/- 0.00072 uMNot SpecifiedNot Specifiednormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedInfant (0-1 year old)Not Specified
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedInfant (0-1 year old)Not Specified
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedInfant (0-1 year old)Not AvailableNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB001087
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4509
KEGG Compound IDC16512
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPalmitoylethanolamide
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound4671
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID71464
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDPMETH
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1301821
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Hoareau L, Ravanan P, Gonthier MP, Delarue P, Goncalves J, Cesari M, Festy F, Roche R: Effect of PEA on LPS inflammatory action in human adipocytes. Cytokine. 2006 Jun;34(5-6):291-6. Epub 2006 Aug 1. [PubMed:16884908 ]
  2. Brunk E, Sahoo S, Zielinski DC, Altunkaya A, Drager A, Mih N, Gatto F, Nilsson A, Preciat Gonzalez GA, Aurich MK, Prlic A, Sastry A, Danielsdottir AD, Heinken A, Noronha A, Rose PW, Burley SK, Fleming RMT, Nielsen J, Thiele I, Palsson BO: Recon3D enables a three-dimensional view of gene variation in human metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Mar;36(3):272-281. doi: 10.1038/nbt.4072. Epub 2018 Feb 19. [PubMed:29457794 ]
  3. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]