Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2006-05-22 14:17:45 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:18 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0002271 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Imidazolepropionic acid |
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Description | Imidazolepropionic acid, also known as deaminohistidine or 4-imidazolylpropionate (ImP), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid chain (of at least 2 carbon atoms) linked to an imidazole ring. ImP is a metabolite of histidine and it is formed from histidine via a urocanate intermediate in gut microbiota by the enzyme urocanate reductase (urdA). ImP is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). ImP is a product of histidine metabolism which may involve oxidation or transamination. This compound is found in the urine of rats loaded with histidine (PMID: 6021220 ). ImP (100 µM) decreases protein levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), IRS-2, and phosphorylated Akt and increases levels of the mTORC1 activation marker phosphorylated p70 ribosomal S6 kinase enzyme (p70S6K) in primary mouse hepatocytes. It induces deficits in glucose tolerance in germ-free and conventionally raised mice when administered at doses of 500 and 100 µg/animal, respectively. It has also been found to prevent reductions in blood glucose levels induced by Metformin - a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes - in mice (PMID: 33208748 , PMID: 32783890 , PMID: 30401435 ). Microbiota-host-diet interactions are known to contribute to the development of metabolic diseases and ImP is a known such microbially produced metabolic derivative histidine that impairs the mechanism of glucose. Specifically, ImP is found to be elevated in serum of individuals with pre-diabetes and diabetes (PMID: 33208748 ). Those with type 2 diabetes are shown to have significantly increased levels of serum ImP [0.028 μM (0.016–0.059) median and interquartile range; n = 140] compared to subjects with prediabetes [0.028 μM (0.017–0.049) median and interquartile range; n = 654] or normal glucose tolerance [0.020 μM (0.013–0.033) median and interquartile range; n = 359] (PMID: 33208748 ). ImP is also found to be elevated in serum of individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) (PMID: 33208748 ). ImP levels were significantly increased in CVD individuals [0.037 μM (0.021–0.069) median and interquartile range; n = 390] compared to individuals without CVD [0.025 μM (0.015–0.048) median and interquartile range; n = 1568] (P < 0.001, linear regression after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, ethnicity, diabetes status, and creatinine clearance) (PMID: 33208748 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C6H8N2O2/c9-6(10)2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5/h3-4H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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1H-Imidazole-4-propanoic acid | ChEBI | 3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)propionic acid | ChEBI | 3-(Imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid | ChEBI | 3-(Imidazol-4-yl)propionic acid | ChEBI | 4-Imidazolylpropanoic acid | ChEBI | 4-Imidazolylpropionic acid | ChEBI | Deaminohistidine | ChEBI | Imidazolylpropionic acid | ChEBI | 3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)propanoate | Kegg | 1H-Imidazole-4-propanoate | Generator | 3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)propionate | Generator | 3-(Imidazol-4-yl)propanoate | Generator | 3-(Imidazol-4-yl)propionate | Generator | 4-Imidazolylpropanoate | Generator | 4-Imidazolylpropionate | Generator | Imidazolylpropionate | Generator | 3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid | Generator | Imidazolepropionate | Generator | 3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)-propionate | HMDB | 3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)-propionic acid | HMDB | 5-Imidazolepropionate | HMDB | 5-Imidazolepropionic acid | HMDB, MeSH | deamino-Histidine | HMDB | URO | HMDB | Imidazole propionate | MeSH, HMDB | Dihydrourocanate | Generator, HMDB | 1H-Imidazole-4(5)-propanoate | Generator, HMDB | 1H-Imidazole-4-propionic acid | HMDB | 3-(1H-4-Imidazolyl)propanoic acid | HMDB | 3-(1H-4-Imidazolyl)propionic acid | HMDB | 3-(4-Imidazolyl)propanoic acid | HMDB | 3-(4-Imidazolyl)propionic acid | HMDB | 3-(Imidazol-4(5)-yl)propanoic acid | HMDB | 3-(Imidazol-4(5)-yl)propionic acid | HMDB | 5-(2-Carboxyethyl) imidazole | HMDB | Dihydrourocanic acid | HMDB | Dihydrourocanoic acid | HMDB | Imidazole-4(5)-propanoic acid | HMDB | Imidazole-4(5)-propionic acid | HMDB | Imidazole-4-propanoic acid | HMDB | Imidazole-4-propionic acid | HMDB | Imidazolylpropanoic acid | HMDB | beta-(5-Imidazolyl)propanoic acid | HMDB | beta-(5-Imidazolyl)propionic acid | HMDB | beta-Imidazolyl-4(5)-propanoic acid | HMDB | beta-Imidazolyl-4(5)-propionic acid | HMDB | β-(5-Imidazolyl)propanoic acid | HMDB | β-(5-Imidazolyl)propionic acid | HMDB | β-Imidazolyl-4(5)-propanoic acid | HMDB | β-Imidazolyl-4(5)-propionic acid | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C6H8N2O2 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 140.1399 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 140.05857751 |
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IUPAC Name | 3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | 5-imidazolepropionic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 1074-59-5 |
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SMILES | OC(=O)CCC1=CNC=N1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H8N2O2/c9-6(10)2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5/h3-4H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10) |
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InChI Key | ZCKYOWGFRHAZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid chain (of at least 2 carbon atoms) linked to an imidazole ring. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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Class | Azoles |
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Sub Class | Imidazoles |
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Direct Parent | Imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Azacycle
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 206 - 208 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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Imidazolepropionic acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC1=C[NH]C=N1 | 1490.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Imidazolepropionic acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(CCC(=O)O)=C1 | 1742.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Imidazolepropionic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C)C=N1 | 1744.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Imidazolepropionic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C)C=N1 | 1639.0 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Imidazolepropionic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C)C=N1 | 1997.9 | Standard polar | 33892256 | Imidazolepropionic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC1=C[NH]C=N1 | 1726.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Imidazolepropionic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC(CCC(=O)O)=C1 | 2008.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Imidazolepropionic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N1 | 2223.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Imidazolepropionic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N1 | 2081.6 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Imidazolepropionic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)CCC1=CN([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N1 | 2166.0 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-000y-9200000000-8af7c94edf62d10d7905 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00dj-9200000000-466ffc1c8385b5811677 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid CE-QTOF-MS system (Agilent 7100 CE + 6550 QTOF) 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-0900000000-593be5cf10aba06261f0 | 2019-03-07 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-006x-1900000000-f813e755bd0c33989b99 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-006t-9700000000-fc60958d4ee5d49335ca | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0gb9-9000000000-c8f93079184c6ee4b5d8 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-2900000000-684a7e6823977a73c2b4 | 2016-08-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000j-6900000000-3f4fc2398941bf5c7395 | 2016-08-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-05mo-9100000000-49b8e29531a2099a80ce | 2016-08-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000b-9400000000-f2cb4a7574ec2ba4ce92 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014j-9100000000-8e37d715ddc9ef376bf7 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014l-9000000000-2ee2f80749be6e61f757 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00dl-5900000000-bb071711eca6657a6d91 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0002-9100000000-4bbf16992517da7c64f6 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Imidazolepropionic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014l-9000000000-fe8160b6c4b3de352e44 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Supragingival Plaque | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Cancer patients undergoing total body irradiation | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
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- Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB012461 |
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KNApSAcK ID | C00050820 |
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Chemspider ID | 63798 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C20522 |
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BioCyc ID | CPD-15171 |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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METLIN ID | 6585 |
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PubChem Compound | 70630 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 73087 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Akabori, Shiro. Synthesis of imidazole derivatives from a-amino acids. I. A new synthesis of desaminohistidine and a contribution to the knowledge of the constitution of ergothioneine. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft [Abteilung] B: Abhandlungen (1933), 66B 151-8. |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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General References | - Block WD, Westhoff MH, Steele BF: Histidine metabolism in the human adult: histidine blood tolerance, and the effect of continued free L-histidine ingestion on the concentration of imidazole compounds in blood and urine. J Nutr. 1967 Feb;91(2):189-94. [PubMed:6021220 ]
- Antener I, Verwilghen AM, Van Geert C, Mauron J: Biochemical study of malnutrition. Part VI: Histidine and its metabolites. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1983;53(2):199-209. [PubMed:6136484 ]
- SEN NP, McGEER PL, PAUL RM: Imidazolepropionic acid as a urinary metabolite of L-histidine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1962 Oct 17;9:257-61. [PubMed:13987921 ]
- Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
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