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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2006-05-22 14:17:52 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:15 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0002398
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB02398
Metabolite Identification
Common NameCrocin
DescriptionCrocin is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) that has been used as a spice for flavoring and coloring food preparations, and in Chinese traditional medicine as an anodyne or tranquilizer. Saffron is now used worldwide in folk medicine and is reputed to be useful in treating various human disorders such as heart and blood disorders. Stroke and heart attack are involved in reputed folkloric uses of saffron. Saffron is orally administrated as a decoction. Saffron extract exerts a protective effect on renal ischemia reperfusion induced oxidative damage in rats. Crocin suppresses tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha-induced apoptosis of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by modulating mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 family proteins, which trigger downstream signals culminating in caspase-3 activation followed by cell death. Depriving cultured PC12 cells of serum/glucose causes a rapid increase in cellular ceramide levels, followed by an increase in the risk of cell death. The accumulation of ceramide was found to depend on the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase). Crocin prevented the activation of nSMase by enhancing the transcription of gamma-glutamylcysteinyl synthase, which contributes to a stable glutathione supply that blocks the activity of nSMase. (PMID: 17215084 ). Crocetin esters present in saffron stigmas and in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit are the compounds responsible for their color. (PMID: 16448211 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC44H64O24
Average Molecular Weight976.972
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight976.378752941
IUPAC Namebis[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl] (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E)-2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaenedioate
Traditional Namesaffron
CAS Registry Number42553-65-1
SMILES
C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)C(=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)C(=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C44H64O24/c1-19(11-7-13-21(3)39(59)67-43-37(57)33(53)29(49)25(65-43)17-61-41-35(55)31(51)27(47)23(15-45)63-41)9-5-6-10-20(2)12-8-14-22(4)40(60)68-44-38(58)34(54)30(50)26(66-44)18-62-42-36(56)32(52)28(48)24(16-46)64-42/h5-14,23-38,41-58H,15-18H2,1-4H3/b6-5+,11-7+,12-8+,19-9+,20-10+,21-13+,22-14+/t23-,24-,25-,26-,27-,28-,29-,30-,31+,32+,33+,34+,35-,36-,37-,38-,41-,42-,43+,44+/m1/s1
InChI KeySEBIKDIMAPSUBY-RTJKDTQDSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diterpenoids. These are terpene compounds formed by four isoprene units.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassDiterpenoids
Direct ParentDiterpenoids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Diterpenoid
  • Disaccharide
  • Glycosyl compound
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Fatty acid ester
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Fatty acyl
  • Oxane
  • Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
  • Enoate ester
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Polyol
  • Acetal
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Primary alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point186 °CNot Available
Boiling Point1169.04 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility3688 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP-4.742 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB11874
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB014549
KNApSAcK IDC00003769
Chemspider ID4444645
KEGG Compound IDC08589
BioCyc IDCPD-8666
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkCrocin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5281233
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID79068
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1281461
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Ochiai T, Shimeno H, Mishima K, Iwasaki K, Fujiwara M, Tanaka H, Shoyama Y, Toda A, Eyanagi R, Soeda S: Protective effects of carotenoids from saffron on neuronal injury in vitro and in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Apr;1770(4):578-84. Epub 2006 Dec 5. [PubMed:17215084 ]
  2. Carmona M, Zalacain A, Sanchez AM, Novella JL, Alonso GL: Crocetin esters, picrocrocin and its related compounds present in Crocus sativus stigmas and Gardenia jasminoides fruits. Tentative identification of seven new compounds by LC-ESI-MS. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Feb 8;54(3):973-9. [PubMed:16448211 ]