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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2018-03-01 20:56:52 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:44:26 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0240259
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common NameStercobilin
DescriptionStercobilin is the tetrapyrrole chemical compound that is primarily responsible for the brown color of feces. It was originally isolated from feces in 1932. Stercobilin is formed through the reduction of its parent compound stercblinogen. Urobilinogen is actually generated through the degradation of heme, the red pigment in haemoglobin and red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs have a life span of about 120 days. When the RBCs have reached the end of their useful lifespan, the cells are engulfed by macrophages and their constituents recycled or disposed of. Heme is broken down when the heme ring is opened by the enzyme known as heme oxygenase, which is found in the endoplasmic reticulum of the macrophages. The oxidation process produces the linear tetrapyrrole known as biliverdin along with ferric iron (Fe3+), and carbon monoxide (CO). In the next reaction, a second methylene group (located between rings III and IV of the porphyrin ring) is reduced by the enzyme known as biliverdin reductase, producing bilirubin. Bilirubin is significantly less extensively conjugated than biliverdin. This reduction causes a change in the color of the biliverdin molecule from blue-green (vert or verd for green) to yellow-red, which is the color of bilirubin (ruby or rubi for red). In plasma virtually all the bilirubin is tightly bound to plasma proteins, largely albumin, because it is only sparingly soluble in aqueous solutions at physiological pH. In the sinusoids unconjugated bilirubin dissociates from albumin, enters the liver cells across the cell membrane through non-ionic diffusion to the smooth endoplasmatic reticulum. In hepatocytes, bilirubin-UDP-glucuronyltransferase (bilirubin-UGT) adds 2 additional glucuronic acid molecules to bilirubin to produce the more water-soluble version of the molecule known as bilirubin diglucuronide. The bilirubin diglucuronide is transferred rapidly across the canalicular membrane into the bile canaliculi where it is then excreted as bile into the large intestine. The bilirubin is further degraded (reduced) by microbes present in the large intestine to form a colorless product known as urobilinogen. Urobilinogen that remains in the colon can either be reduced to stercobilinogen and finally oxidized to stercobilin, or it can be directly reduced to stercobilin. Stercobilin is responsible for the brown color of human feces. Stercobilin is then excreted in the feces. It is a microbial metabolite.
Structure
Data?1563892738
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2R,3R,4S,16S,17R,18R)-3,18-Diethyl-1,2,3,4,5,15,16,17,18,19,22,24-dodecahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acidChEBI
(2R,3R,4S,16S,17R,18R)-3,18-Diethyl-1,2,3,4,5,15,16,17,18,19,22,24-dodecahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropionic acidChEBI
Stercobilin IXChEBI
(2R,3R,4S,16S,17R,18R)-3,18-Diethyl-1,2,3,4,5,15,16,17,18,19,22,24-dodecahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoateGenerator
(2R,3R,4S,16S,17R,18R)-3,18-Diethyl-1,2,3,4,5,15,16,17,18,19,22,24-dodecahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropionateGenerator
(-)-StercobilinHMDB
Stercobilin ixalphaHMDB
Stercobilin ixαHMDB
StercobilineHMDB
StercobilinChEBI
Chemical FormulaC33H46N4O6
Average Molecular Weight594.753
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight594.341735217
IUPAC Name3-(2-{[(2Z)-3-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R)-4-ethyl-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}-4-methyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene]methyl}-5-{[(2S,3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propanoic acid
Traditional Name(-)-stercobilin
CAS Registry Number34217-90-8
SMILES
CC[C@H]1[C@H](CC2=C(C)C(CCC(O)=O)=C(N2)\C=C2/N=C(C[C@@H]3NC(=O)[C@H](CC)[C@H]3C)C(C)=C2CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C33H46N4O6/c1-7-20-19(6)32(42)37-27(20)14-25-18(5)23(10-12-31(40)41)29(35-25)15-28-22(9-11-30(38)39)17(4)24(34-28)13-26-16(3)21(8-2)33(43)36-26/h15-16,19-21,26-27,35H,7-14H2,1-6H3,(H,36,43)(H,37,42)(H,38,39)(H,40,41)/b28-15-/t16-,19-,20-,21-,26+,27+/m1/s1
InChI KeyDEEUSUJLZQQESV-BQUSTMGCSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bilirubins. These are organic compounds containing a dicarboxylic acyclic tetrapyrrole derivative.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassTetrapyrroles and derivatives
Sub ClassBilirubins
Direct ParentBilirubins
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Bilirubin skeleton
  • Dipyrrin
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Pyrrolidone
  • 2-pyrrolidone
  • Substituted pyrrole
  • Pyrrole
  • Pyrrolidine
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Carboxamide group
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Ketimine
  • Lactam
  • Azacycle
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Imine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxide
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID16736732
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkStercobilin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound44457542
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID29023
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Treem WR, Malet PF, Gourley GR, Hyams JS: Bile and stone analysis in two infants with brown pigment gallstones and infected bile. Gastroenterology. 1989 Feb;96(2 Pt 1):519-23. [PubMed:2642880 ]
  2. Jimenez-Giron A, Ibanez C, Cifuentes A, Simo C, Munoz-Gonzalez I, Martin-Alvarez PJ, Bartolome B, Moreno-Arribas MV: Faecal metabolomic fingerprint after moderate consumption of red wine by healthy subjects. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):897-905. doi: 10.1021/pr500960g. Epub 2014 Dec 31. [PubMed:25496753 ]
  3. Seyfried H, Klicpera M, Leithner C, Penner E: [Bilirubin metabolism (author's transl)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1976 Aug 13;88(15):477-82. [PubMed:793184 ]