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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2021-09-11 06:22:22 UTC
Update Date2021-10-01 19:45:54 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0249669
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common NameCardenolide
DescriptionCardenolide belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cardenolides and derivatives. These are steroid lactones containing a furan-2-one moiety linked to the C17 atom of a cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene derivative. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Cardenolide. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Cardenolide is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically Cardenolide is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
CardenolidesMeSH
Chemical FormulaC23H34O2
Average Molecular Weight342.523
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight342.255880335
IUPAC Name4-{2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl}-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
Traditional Name4-{2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl}-5H-furan-2-one
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CC12CCC3C(CCC4CCCCC34C)C1CCC2C1=CC(=O)OC1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C23H34O2/c1-22-11-4-3-5-16(22)6-7-17-19-9-8-18(15-13-21(24)25-14-15)23(19,2)12-10-20(17)22/h13,16-20H,3-12,14H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyJIUWTCXNUNHEGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cardenolides and derivatives. These are steroid lactones containing a furan-2-one moiety linked to the C17 atom of a cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene derivative.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassSteroid lactones
Direct ParentCardenolides and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Cardanolide-skeleton
  • 2-furanone
  • Dihydrofuran
  • Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
  • Enoate ester
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Lactone
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00038702
Chemspider ID11358678
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkCardenolide
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound22340795
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Barupal DK, Fiehn O: Generating the Blood Exposome Database Using a Comprehensive Text Mining and Database Fusion Approach. Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Sep;127(9):97008. doi: 10.1289/EHP4713. Epub 2019 Sep 26. [PubMed:31557052 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Involved in the inactivation of the cardiac medication and plant natural product digoxin, thus decreasing drug efficacy and toxicity. Catalyzes the reduction of the alpha,beta-unsaturated butyrolactone ring of digoxin to the inactive metabolite dihydrodigoxin. Likely uses the cytochrome Cgr1 as the physiological electron donor, encoded by the adjacent gene in the locus. Only reduces digoxin and other cardenolide toxins, such as digitoxin, digoxigenin, ouabain and ouabagenin. Therefore is a specialized enzyme present in some gut bacteria E.lenta that protects their human host against ingested plant toxins.
Gene Name:
CGR2
Uniprot ID:
C8WLM1
Molecular weight:
59160.825