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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2021-09-11 10:44:51 UTC
Update Date2021-09-26 23:05:31 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0252732
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGivinostat
DescriptionGivinostat belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylcarbamic acid esters. These are ester derivatives of phenylcarbamic acids. Givinostat inhibits class I and class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) and several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Givinostat is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). In patients with polycythaemia, the reduction of mutant JAK2 concentrations by givinostat is believed to slow down the abnormal growth of erythrocytes and ameliorate the symptoms of the disease. One-fifth of patients experienced prolongation of the QT interval, a measure of electrical conduction in the heart, severe enough to warrant temporary suspension of treatment. In clinical trials of givinostat as a salvage therapy for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma, the most common adverse reactions were fatigue (seen in 50% of participants), mild diarrhea or abdominal pain (40% of participants), moderate thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet counts, seen in one third of patients), and mild leukopenia (a decrease in white blood cell levels, seen in 30% of patients). Givinostat is in numerous phase II clinical trials (including for relapsed leukemias and myelomas), and has been granted orphan drug designation in the European Union for the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, polycythaemia vera. This reduces expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1α and β, and interleukin 6. A preclinical study produced early results suggesting the molecule might help with diastolic dysfunction. It is a hydroxamate used in the form of its hydrochloride. ITF2357 was discovered at Italfarmaco of Milan, Italy. It was patented in 1997 and first described in the scientific literature in 2005. Givinostat (INN) or gavinostat (originally ITF2357) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antineoplastic activities. It also has activity against cells expressing JAK2(V617F), a mutated form of the janus kinase 2 (JAK2) enzyme that is implicated in the pathophysiology of many myeloproliferative diseases, including polycythaemia vera. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Givinostat is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically Givinostat is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
Structure
Thumb
SynonymsNot Available
Chemical FormulaC24H27N3O4
Average Molecular Weight421.497
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight421.200156361
IUPAC Name{6-[(diethylamino)methyl]naphthalen-2-yl}methyl N-[4-(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl]carbamate
Traditional Namegivinostat
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NO)C=CC2=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C24H27N3O4/c1-3-27(4-2)15-17-5-7-21-14-18(6-8-20(21)13-17)16-31-24(29)25-22-11-9-19(10-12-22)23(28)26-30/h5-14,30H,3-4,15-16H2,1-2H3,(H,25,29)(H,26,28)
InChI KeyYALNUENQHAQXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylcarbamic acid esters. These are ester derivatives of phenylcarbamic acids.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassPhenylcarbamic acid esters
Direct ParentPhenylcarbamic acid esters
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenylcarbamic acid ester
  • Naphthalene
  • Benzoic acid or derivatives
  • Benzoyl
  • Aralkylamine
  • Carbamic acid ester
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Hydroxamic acid
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Tertiary amine
  • Carbonic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Amine
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP4.18ALOGPS
logP3.51ChemAxon
logS-4.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)9.99ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.35ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area90.9 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count9ChemAxon
Refractivity122.49 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability47.59 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+206.06630932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-203.70830932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-237.96230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+213.90930932474
AllCCS[M+H]+204.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+201.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+206.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+207.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-201.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-202.132859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-202.932859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
GivinostatCCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NO)C=CC2=C14926.9Standard polar33892256
GivinostatCCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NO)C=CC2=C13597.6Standard non polar33892256
GivinostatCCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NO)C=CC2=C14088.3Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Givinostat,1TMS,isomer #1CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)N(C3=CC=C(C(=O)NO)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=CC2=C13926.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Givinostat,1TMS,isomer #1CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)N(C3=CC=C(C(=O)NO)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=CC2=C13717.2Standard non polar33892256
Givinostat,1TMS,isomer #1CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)N(C3=CC=C(C(=O)NO)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=CC2=C14822.3Standard polar33892256
Givinostat,1TMS,isomer #2CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C(=O)N(O)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C3)C=CC2=C13979.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Givinostat,1TMS,isomer #2CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C(=O)N(O)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C3)C=CC2=C13749.3Standard non polar33892256
Givinostat,1TMS,isomer #2CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C(=O)N(O)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C3)C=CC2=C15009.8Standard polar33892256
Givinostat,2TMS,isomer #1CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)N(C3=CC=C(C(=O)N(O)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=CC2=C13749.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Givinostat,2TMS,isomer #1CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)N(C3=CC=C(C(=O)N(O)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=CC2=C13546.0Standard non polar33892256
Givinostat,2TMS,isomer #1CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)N(C3=CC=C(C(=O)N(O)[Si](C)(C)C)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C)C=CC2=C14581.5Standard polar33892256
Givinostat,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)N(C3=CC=C(C(=O)NO)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=CC2=C14189.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Givinostat,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)N(C3=CC=C(C(=O)NO)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=CC2=C13897.9Standard non polar33892256
Givinostat,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)N(C3=CC=C(C(=O)NO)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=CC2=C14797.1Standard polar33892256
Givinostat,1TBDMS,isomer #2CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C(=O)N(O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C3)C=CC2=C14240.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Givinostat,1TBDMS,isomer #2CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C(=O)N(O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C3)C=CC2=C13920.9Standard non polar33892256
Givinostat,1TBDMS,isomer #2CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)NC3=CC=C(C(=O)N(O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C3)C=CC2=C14983.0Standard polar33892256
Givinostat,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)N(C3=CC=C(C(=O)N(O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=CC2=C14253.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Givinostat,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)N(C3=CC=C(C(=O)N(O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=CC2=C13885.1Standard non polar33892256
Givinostat,2TBDMS,isomer #1CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C2C=C(COC(=O)N(C3=CC=C(C(=O)N(O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C3)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=CC2=C14624.9Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Givinostat GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0umi-1923000000-e9447c197f88d5e1d9c52021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Givinostat GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Givinostat 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00g1-0749600000-e533c0b01370a90a31e12017-07-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Givinostat 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0965000000-e32bb5b8fbb8e2dd96462017-07-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Givinostat 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-009l-2920000000-ca256a689f968fff7a212017-07-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Givinostat 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-1910200000-3e40a526b825a3038aff2017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Givinostat 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004l-5920000000-9e534acc1621f167c2712017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Givinostat 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0abc-9300000000-6a4e64a282ddb6f5362d2017-07-26Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Givinostat 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00b9-0190500000-158a25c21cefd1cf1d642021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Givinostat 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00ds-2429500000-2e009029c1c5d3fff1cf2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Givinostat 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1900000000-4c6a68bb0a8641360c792021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Givinostat 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0600900000-24cc12213f968d5a26702021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Givinostat 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9650100000-3e07ce0816f1ef2036c02021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Givinostat 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9822000000-c627408576a61d6f215b2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB12645
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkGivinostat
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound9804992
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Barupal DK, Fiehn O: Generating the Blood Exposome Database Using a Comprehensive Text Mining and Database Fusion Approach. Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Sep;127(9):97008. doi: 10.1289/EHP4713. Epub 2019 Sep 26. [PubMed:31557052 ]