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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2021-09-11 13:00:39 UTC
Update Date2021-09-26 23:07:42 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0254014
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common NameLeonurine
DescriptionLeonurine, also known as norboldine or SCM-198, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gallic acid and derivatives. Gallic acid and derivatives are compounds containing a 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid moiety. Reaction with sulfuric acid produces syringic acid. Leonurine can be synthesized starting from eudesmic acid. Protection with ethyl chloroformate followed by reaction with thionyl chloride SOCl2 and then tetrahydrofuran yields 4-carboethoxysyringic acid 4-chloro-1-butyl ester. Leonurine is a pseudoalkaloid that has been isolated fromLeonotis leonurus,Leonotis nepetifolia, Leonotis artemisia, Leonurus cardiaca (Motherwort), Leonurus sibiricus, as well as other plants of family Lamiaceae. Leonurine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). The chloride is then converted to an amino group via a Gabriel synthesis with potassium pthalimide) followed by hydrazinolysis (Ing–Manske procedure). Leonurine is easily extracted into water. The final step is reaction of the amine with S-methylisothiourea hemisulfate salt. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Leonurine is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically Leonurine is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
NorboldineKegg
SCM-198MeSH
4-Guanidino-N-butyl syringateMeSH
4-Carbamimidamidobutyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acidGenerator
Chemical FormulaC14H21N3O5
Average Molecular Weight311.338
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight311.148120788
IUPAC Name4-carbamimidamidobutyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate
Traditional Nameleonurine
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
COC1=CC(=CC(OC)=C1O)C(=O)OCCCCNC(N)=N
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C14H21N3O5/c1-20-10-7-9(8-11(21-2)12(10)18)13(19)22-6-4-3-5-17-14(15)16/h7-8,18H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H4,15,16,17)
InChI KeyWNGSUWLDMZFYNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gallic acid and derivatives. Gallic acid and derivatives are compounds containing a 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassBenzoic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentGallic acid and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Gallic acid or derivatives
  • P-hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl ester
  • P-hydroxybenzoic acid ester
  • M-methoxybenzoic acid or derivatives
  • Benzoate ester
  • Methoxyphenol
  • Dimethoxybenzene
  • M-dimethoxybenzene
  • Anisole
  • Benzoyl
  • Phenoxy compound
  • Phenol ether
  • Methoxybenzene
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Phenol
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Guanidine
  • Carboximidamide
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Ether
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDC16985
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkLeonurine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound161464
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Barupal DK, Fiehn O: Generating the Blood Exposome Database Using a Comprehensive Text Mining and Database Fusion Approach. Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Sep;127(9):97008. doi: 10.1289/EHP4713. Epub 2019 Sep 26. [PubMed:31557052 ]