Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2021-09-11 13:41:06 UTC |
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Update Date | 2021-09-26 23:08:22 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0254404 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Medifoxamine |
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Description | Medifoxamine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenol ethers. These are aromatic compounds containing an ether group substituted with a benzene ring. Medifoxamine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). It was withdrawn from the market in 1999 (Morocco) and 2000 (France) following incidences of hepatotoxicity. Effectiveness and tolerability Unlike many tricyclic antidepressants, medifoxamine lacks anticholinergic and alpha blocker properties (very low affinity for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and 10-fold lower affinity for the α1-adrenergic receptor relative to 5-HT2 binding sites), and is also apparently inactive as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (although the same source stating this also states that it is inactive as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, which was subsequently found not to be the case). Medifoxamine, previously sold under the brand names Clédial and Gerdaxyl, is an atypical antidepressant with additional anxiolytic properties acting via dopaminergic and serotonergic mechanisms which was formerly marketed in France and Spain, as well as Morocco. Double-blind controlled clinical studies have found it to have similar effectiveness to imipramine, clomipramine, and maprotiline in the treatment of depression. Medifoxamine has been found to act preferentially as a relatively weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor, but also as an even weaker serotonin reuptake inhibitor (IC50 1,500 nM) and as a weak antagonist of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors (IC50 950 and 980, respectively; notably greater affinity relative to amitriptyline and imipramine). It is known to produce two active metabolites during first-pass metabolism in the liver, CRE-10086 (N-methyl-2,2-diphenoxyethylamine) and CRE-10357 (N,N-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenoxy-2-phenoxyethylamine). The IC50 values of CRE-10086 for serotonin transporter, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C binding are 450 nM, 330 nM, and 700 nM, respectively, while those of CRE-10357 are 660 nM, 1,600 nM, and 6,300 M. Medifoxamine and its metabolites lack affinity for other serotonin receptors including 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, and 5-HT3 (>10,000 nM). Studies in mice revealed that the drug does not possess any sedative or locomotor stimulant effects. This compound has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ). Medifoxamine is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives. Technically Medifoxamine is part of the human exposome. The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources. |
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Structure | CN(C)CC(OC1=CC=CC=C1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 InChI=1S/C16H19NO2/c1-17(2)13-16(18-14-9-5-3-6-10-14)19-15-11-7-4-8-12-15/h3-12,16H,13H2,1-2H3 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Medifoxamine fumarate | MeSH |
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Chemical Formula | C16H19NO2 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 257.333 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 257.141578856 |
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IUPAC Name | (2,2-diphenoxyethyl)dimethylamine |
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Traditional Name | medifoxamine |
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CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
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SMILES | CN(C)CC(OC1=CC=CC=C1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C16H19NO2/c1-17(2)13-16(18-14-9-5-3-6-10-14)19-15-11-7-4-8-12-15/h3-12,16H,13H2,1-2H3 |
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InChI Key | QNMGHBMGNRQPNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenol ethers. These are aromatic compounds containing an ether group substituted with a benzene ring. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Benzenoids |
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Class | Phenol ethers |
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Sub Class | Not Available |
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Direct Parent | Phenol ethers |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Phenoxy compound
- Phenol ether
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Tertiary aliphatic amine
- Tertiary amine
- Acetal
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Amine
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Not Available |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-2cff45972d505cf1d074 | 2017-08-28 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-1090000000-2b6d2983f83b79f3892a | 2017-07-26 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0002-9120000000-11c385664b0ce2fba334 | 2017-07-26 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0fdk-9100000000-9c389879aa6a074f3c89 | 2017-07-26 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-3090000000-9baabb46637e76ff7df8 | 2017-07-26 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-052f-9060000000-9158a6841cd6749ab738 | 2017-07-26 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9100000000-9c90cd24d0fd19038e05 | 2017-07-26 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0090000000-a2d06cd81bcf7aaafc39 | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0300-6900000000-910b50c4cda6b1bb046b | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-05dj-9100000000-2d1989e6123260342e01 | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4l-7190000000-f88d8e46cf394071fe8e | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-bc1c51385c4ba2ad6f4c | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Medifoxamine 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-08485aaf085c13d5129a | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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