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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Cysteic acid (HMDB02757)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2006-05-22 16:12:08
Update Date 2009-05-15 17:02:30
Accession Number HMDB02757
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Cysteic acid
Description A crystalline amino acid formed in the oxidation of cysteine; it is a precursor of taurine.
Synonyms
  1. 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate
  2. 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid
  3. 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoate
  4. 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid
  5. 3-Sulfoalanine
  6. Cepteate
  7. Cepteic acid
  8. Cipteate
  9. Cipteic acid
  10. Cysteinate
  11. Cysteinesulfonate
  12. Cysteinesulfonic acid
  13. Cysteinic acid
  14. Cysterate
  15. Cysteric acid
  16. L-Cysteate
  17. L-Cysteic acid
  18. beta-Sulfoalanine
  19. cysteate
Chemical IUPAC Name 2-amino-3-sulfo-propanoic acid
Chemical Formula C3H7NO5S
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Amino acids and Amino Acid conjugates
Class
  • Amino Acids
Sub Class
  • NA
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • primary amine
  • primary aliphatic amine (alkylamine)
  • carboxylic acid
  • sulfonic acid
  • alpha-aminoacid
Biofunction
  • Protein synthesis, amino acid biosynthesis
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 169.156
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 169.004486
Isomeric SMILES NC(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O
Canonical SMILES NC(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O
KEGG Compound ID C00506 Link Image
BioCyc ID L-CYSTEATE Link Image
BiGG ID 35186 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Not Available
NuGOwiki Link HMDB02757 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB02757 Link Image
METLIN ID 332 Link Image
PubChem Compound 25701 Link Image
PubChem Substance 853853 Link Image
ChEBI ID 17285 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 498-40-8
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)
Synthesis Reference Zhao, Chong-tao; Wang, Qing-ping; Lin, Wan-zhen; Chen, Ping. Synthesis of L-cysteic acid by indirect electrooxidation. Jingxi Huagong (2003), 20(4), 237-238, 253.
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 73.6 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -2.39 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -4.4 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP]; -6.20 [MEYLAN,WM & HOWARD,PH (1995)] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
  • mitochondria
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Taurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism SMP00021 Link Image map00430 Link Image
General References
  1. Sarwar G, Botting HG, Peace RW: Complete amino acid analysis in hydrolysates of foods and feces by liquid chromatography of precolumn phenylisothiocyanate derivatives. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1988 Nov-Dec;71(6):1172-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Paroni R, De Vecchi E, Fermo I, Arcelloni C, Diomede L, Magni F, Bonini PA: Total urinary hydroxyproline determined with rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography. Clin Chem. 1992 Mar;38(3):407-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Jasin HE: Oxidative modification of inflammatory synovial fluid immunoglobulin G. Inflammation. 1993 Apr;17(2):167-81. [PubMed Link Image]
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic
  2. Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial precursor
  3. Glutamate decarboxylase 2
  4. Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase
  5. Hypothetical protein GAD1
  6. cDNA, FLJ93078, Homo sapiens glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble(aspartate aminotransferase 1) (GOT1), mRNA (Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble (Aspartate aminotransferase 1), isoform CRA_b)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5515
Enzyme 1 Name Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. Transaminase A
  2. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1
Enzyme 1 Gene Name GOT1
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic 
MAPPSVFAEVPQAQPVLVFKLTADFREDPDPRKVNLGVGAYRTDDCHPWVLPVVKKVEQK
IANDNSLNHEYLPILGLAEFRSCASRLALGDDSPALKEKRVGGVQSLGGTGALRIGADFL
ARWYNGTNNKNTPVYVSSPTWENHNAVFSAAGFKDIRSYRYWDAEKRGLDLQGFLNDLEN
APEFSIVVLHACAHNPTGIDPTPEQWKQIASVMKHRFLFPFFDSAYQGFASGNLERDAWA
IRYFVSEGFEFFCAQSFSKNFGLYNERVGNLTVVGKEPESILQVLSQMEKIVRITWSNPP
AQGARIVASTLSNPELFEEWTGNVKTMADRILTMRSELRARLEALKTPGTWNHITDQIGM
FSFTGLNPKQVEYLVNEKHIYLLPSGRINVSGLTTKNLDYVATSIHEAVTKIQ
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 413
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 46248
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 7.01
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • transaminase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Process
  • amino acid and derivative metabolism
  • amino acid metabolism
  • biosynthesis
  • cellular metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 1 Specific Function L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 179067 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P17174 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AATC_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID 1AJS Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB File Show
Enzyme 1 3D Structure
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1242 bp 
ATGGCACCTCCGTCAGTCTTTGCCGAGGTTCCGCAGGCCCAGCCTGTCCTGGTCTTCAAG
CTCACTGCCGACTTCAGGGAGGATCCGGACCCCCGCAAGGTCAACCTGGGAGTGGGAGCA
TATCGCACGGATGACTGCCATCCCTGGGTTTTGCCAGTAGTGAAGAAAGTGGAGCAGAAG
ATTGCTAATGACAATAGCCTAAATCACGAGTATCTGCCAATCCTGGGCCTGGCTGAGTTC
CGGAGCTGTGCTTCTCGTCTTGCCCTTGGGGATGACAGCCCAGCACTCAAGGAGAAGCGG
GTAGGAGGTGTGCAATCTTTGGGGGGAACAGGTGCACTTCGAATTGGAGCTGATTTCTTA
GCGCGTTGGTACAATGGAACAAACAACAAGAACACACCTGTCTATGTGTCCTCACCAACC
TGGGAGAATCACAATGCTGTGTTTTCCGCTGCTGGTTTTAAAGACATTCGGTCCTATCGC
TACTGGGATGCAGAGAAGAGAGGATTGGACCTCCAGGGCTTCCTGAATGATCTGGAGAAT
GCTCCTGAGTTCTCCATTGTTGTCCTCCACGCCTGTGCACACAACCCAACTGGGATTGAC
CCAACTCCGGAGCAGTGGAAGCAGATTGCTTCTGTCATGAAGCACCGGTTTCTGTTCCCC
TTCTTTGACTCAGCCTATCAGGGCTTCGCATCTGGAAACCTGGAGAGAGATGCCTGGGCC
ATTCGCTATTTTGTGTCTGAAGGCTTCGAGTTCTTCTGTGCCCAGTCCTTCTCCAAGAAC
TTCGGGCTCTACAATGAGAGAGTCGGGAATCTGACTGTGGTTGGAAAAGAACCTGAGAGC
ATCCTGCAAGTCCTTTCCCAGATGGAGAAGATCGTGCGGATTACTTGGTCCAATCCCCCC
GCCCAGGGAGCACGAATTGTGGCCAGCACCCTCTCTAACCCTGAGCTCTTTGAGGAATGG
ACAGGTAATGTGAAGACAATGGCTGACCGGATTCTGACCATGAGATCTGAACTCAGGGCA
CGACTAGAAGCCCTCAAAACCCCTGGGACCTGGAACCACATCACTGATCAAATTGGCATG
TTCAGCTTCACTGGGTTGAACCCCAAGCAGGTTGAGTATCTGGTCAATGAAAAGCACATC
TACCTGCTGCCAAGTGGTCGAATCAACGTGAGTGGCTTAACCACCAAAAATCTAGATTAC
GTGGCCACCTCCATCCATGAAGCAGTCACCAAAATCCAGTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID M37400 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID GOT1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID GOT1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:4432 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 10
Enzyme 1 Locus 10q24.1-q25.1
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Bousquet-Lemercier B, Pol S, Pave-Preux M, Hanoune J, Barouki R: Properties of human liver cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase mRNAs generated by alternative polyadenylation site selection. Biochemistry. 1990 Jun 5;29(22):5293-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Doyle JM, Schinina ME, Bossa F, Doonan S: The amino acid sequence of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase from human liver. Biochem J. 1990 Sep 15;270(3):651-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5516
Enzyme 2 Name Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial precursor
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Transaminase A
  2. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2
Enzyme 2 Gene Name GOT2
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial precursor 
MALLHSGRVLPGIAAAFHPGLAAAASARASSWWTHVEMGPPDPILGVTEAFKRDTNSKKM
NLGVGAYRDDNGKPYVLPSVRKAEAQIAAKNLDKEYLPIGGLAEFCKASAELALGENSEV
LKSGRFVTVQTISGTGALRIGASFLQRFFKFSRDVFLPKPTWGNHTPIFRDAGMQLQGYR
YYDPKTCGFDFTGAVEDISKIPEQSVLLLHACAHNPTGVDPRPEQWKEIATVVKKRNLFA
FFDMAYQGFASGDGDKDAWAVRHFIEQGINVCLCQSYAKNMGLYGERVGAFTMVCKDADE
AKRVESQLKILIRPMYSNPPLNGARIAAAILNTPDLRKQWLQEVKGMADRIIGMRTQLVS
NLKKEGSTHNWQHITDQIGMFCFTGLKPEQVERLIKEFSIYMTKDGRISVAGVTSSNVGY
LAHAIHQVTK
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 430
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 47476
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 9.38
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • transaminase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Process
  • amino acid and derivative metabolism
  • amino acid metabolism
  • biosynthesis
  • cellular metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 2 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 2 Specific Function L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • 1-24
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 179104 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P00505 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AATM_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1293 bp 
ATGGCCCTGCTGCACTCCGGCCGCGTCCTCCCCGGGATCGCCGCCGCCTTCCACCCGGGC
CTCGCCGCCGCGGCCTCTGCCAGAGCCAGCTCCTGGTGGACCCATGTGGAAATGGGACCT
CCAGATCCCATTCTGGGAGTCACTGAAGCCTTTAAGAGGGACACCAATAGCAAAAAGATG
AATCTGGGAGTTGGTGCCTACCGGGATGATAATGGAAAGCCTTACGTTCTGCCTAGCGTC
CGCAAGGCAGAGGCCCAGATTGCCGCAAAAAATTTGGACAAGGAATACCTGCCCATTGGG
GGACTGGCTGAATTTTGCAAGGCATCTGCAGAACTAGCCCTGGGTGAGAACAGCGAAGTC
TTGAAGAGTGGCCGGTTTGTCACTGTGCAGACCATTTCTGGAACTGGAGCCTTAAGGATC
GGAGCCAGTTTTCTGCAAAGATTTTTTAAGTTCAGCCGAGATGTCTTTCTGCCCAAACCA
ACCTGGGGAAACCACACACCCATCTTCAGGGATGCTGGCATGCAGCTACAAGGTTATCGG
TATTATGACCCCAAGACTTGCGGTTTTGACTTCACAGGCGCTGTGGAGGATATTTCAAAA
ATACCAGAGCAGAGTGTTCTTCTTCTGCATGCCTGCGCCCACAATCCCACGGGAGTGGAC
CCGCGTCCGGAACAGTGGAAGGAAATAGCAACAGTGGTGAAGAAAAGGAATCTCTTTGCG
TTCTTTGACATGGCCTACCAAGGCTTTGCCAGTGGTGATGGTGATAAGGATGCCTGGGCT
GTGCGCCACTTCATCGAACAGGGCATTAATGTTTGCCTCTGCCAATCATATGCCAAGAAC
ATGGGCTTATATGGTGAGCGTGTAGGAGCCTTCACTATGGTCTGCAAAGATGCGGATGAA
GCCAAAAGGGTAGAGTCACAGTTGAAGATCTTGATCCGTCCCATGTATTCCAACCCTCCC
CTCAATGGGGCCCGGATTGCTGCTGCCATTCTGAACACCCCAGATTTGCGAAAACAATGG
CTGCAAGAAGTGAAAGGCATGGCTGACCGCATCATTGGCATGCGGACTCAACTGGTCTCC
AACCTCAAGAAGGAGGGTTCCACCCACAATTGGCAACACATCACCGACCAAATTGGCATG
TTCTGTTTCACAGGGCTAAAGCCTGAACAGGTGGAGCGGCTGATCAAGGAGTTCTCCATC
TACATGACAAAAGATGGCCGCATCTCTGTGGCAGGGGTCACCTCCAGCAACGTGGGCTAC
CTTGCCCATGCCATTCACCAGGTCACCAAGTAA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID M22632 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID GOT2 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID GOT2 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:4433 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 16
Enzyme 2 Locus 16q21
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Pol S, Bousquet-Lemercier B, Pave-Preux M, Pawlak A, Nalpas B, Berthelot P, Hanoune J, Barouki R: Nucleotide sequence and tissue distribution of the human mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase mRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Dec 30;157(3):1309-15. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Martini F, Angelaccio S, Barra D, Pascarella S, Maras B, Doonan S, Bossa F: The primary structure of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from human heart. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1985 Nov 8;832(1):46-51. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5975
Enzyme 3 Name Glutamate decarboxylase 2
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Glutamate decarboxylase 65 kDa isoform
  2. GAD-65
  3. 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase
Enzyme 3 Gene Name GAD2
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Glutamate decarboxylase 2 
MASPGSGFWSFGSEDGSGDSENPGTARAWCQVAQKFTGGIGNKLCALLYGDAEKPAESGG
SQPPRAAARKAACACDQKPCSCSKVDVNYAFLHATDLLPACDGERPTLAFLQDVMNILLQ
YVVKSFDRSTKVIDFHYPNELLQEYNWELADQPQNLEEILMHCQTTLKYAIKTGHPRYFN
QLSTGLDMVGLAADWLTSTANTNMFTYEIAPVFVLLEYVTLKKMREIIGWPGGSGDGIFS
PGGAISNMYAMMIARFKMFPEVKEKGMAALPRLIAFTSEHSHFSLKKGAAALGIGTDSVI
LIKCDERGKMIPSDLERRILEAKQKGFVPFLVSATAGTTVYGAFDPLLAVADICKKYKIW
MHVDAAWGGGLLMSRKHKWKLSGVERANSVTWNPHKMMGVPLQCSALLVREEGLMQNCNQ
MHASYLFQQDKHYDLSYDTGDKALQCGRHVDVFKLWLMWRAKGTTGFEAHVDKCLELAEY
LYNIIKNREGYEMVFDGKPQHTNVCFWYIPPSLRTLEDNEERMSRLSKVAPVIKARMMEY
GTTMVSYQPLGDKVNFFRMVISNPAATHQDIDFLIEEIERLGQDL
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 585
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 65412
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 6.89
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • carbon-carbon lyase activity
  • carboxy-lyase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • lyase activity
Process
  • amino acid and derivative metabolism
  • amino acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 3 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Catalyzes the production of GABA
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO2
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 182934 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q05329 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name DCE2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1758 bp 
ATGGCATCTCCGGGCTCTGGCTTTTGGTCTTTCGGGTCGGAAGATGGCTCTGGGGATTCC
GAGAATCCCGGCACAGCGCGAGCCTGGTGCCAAGTGGCTCAGAAGTTCACGGGCGGCATC
GGAAACAAACTGTGCGCCCTGCTCTACGGAGACGCCGAGAAGCCGGCGGAGAGCGGCGGG
AGCCAACCCCCGCGGGCCGCCGCCCGGAAGGCCGCCTGCGCCTGCGACCAGAAGCCCTGC
AGCTGCTCCAAAGTGGATGTCAACTACGCGTTTCTCCATGCAACAGACCTGCTGCCGGCG
TGTGATGGAGAAAGGCCCACTTTGGCGTTTCTGCAAGATGTTATGAACATTTTACTTCAG
TATGTGGTGAAAAGTTTCGATAGATCAACCAAAGTGATTGATTTCCATTATCCTAATGAG
CTTCTCCAAGAATATAATTGGGAATTGGCAGACCAACCACAAAATTTGGAGGAAATTTTG
ATGCATTGCCAAACAACTCTAAAATATGCAATTAAAACAGGGCATCCTAGATACTTCAAT
CAACTTTCTACTGGTTTGGATATGGTTGGATTAGCAGCAGACTGGCTGACATCAACAGCA
AATACTAACATGTTCACCTATGAAATTGCTCCAGTATTTGTGCTTTTGGAATATGTCACA
CTAAAGAAAATGAGAGAAATCATTGGCTGGCCAGGGGGCTCTGGCGATGGGATATTTTCT
CCCGGTGGCGCCATATCTAACATGTATGCCATGATGATCGCACGCTTTAAGATGTTCCCA
GAAGTCAAGGAGAAAGGAATGGCTGCTCTTCCCAGGCTCATTGCCTTCACGTCTGAACAT
AGTCATTTTTCTCTCAAGAAGGGAGCTGCAGCCTTAGGGATTGGAACAGACAGCGTGATT
CTGATTAAATGTGATGAGAGAGGGAAAATGATTCCATCTGATCTTGAAAGAAGGATTCTT
GAAGCCAAACAGAAAGGGTTTGTTCCTTTCCTCGTGAGTGCCACAGCTGGAACCACCGTG
TACGGAGCATTTGACCCCCTCTTAGCTGTCGCTGACATTTGCAAAAAGTATAAGATCTGG
ATGCATGTGGATGCAGCTTGGGGTGGGGGATTACTGATGTCCCGAAAACACAAGTGGAAA
CTGAGTGGCGTGGAGAGGGCCAACTCTGTGACGTGGAATCCACACAAGATGATGGGAGTC
CCTTTGCAGTGCTCTGCTCTCCTGGTTAGAGAAGAGGGATTGATGCAGAATTGCAACCAA
ATGCATGCCTCCTACCTCTTTCAGCAAGATAAACATTATGACCTGTCCTATGACACTGGA
GACAAGGCCTTACAGTGCGGACGCCACGTTGATGTTTTTAAACTATGGCTGATGTGGAGG
GCAAAGGGGACTACCGGGTTTGAAGCGCATGTTGATAAATGTTTGGAGTTGGCAGAGTAT
TTATACAACATCATAAAAAACCGAGAAGGATATGAGATGGTGTTTGATGGGAAGCCTCAG
CACACAAATGTCTGCTTCTGGTACATTCCTCCAAGCTTGCGTACTCTGGAAGACAATGAA
GAGAGAATGAGTCGCCTCTCGAAGGTGGCTCCAGTGATTAAAGCCAGAATGATGGAGTAT
GGAACCACAATGGTCAGCTACCAACCCTTGGGAGACAAGGTCAATTTCTTCCGCATGGTC
ATCTCAAACCCAGCGGCAACTCACCAAGACATTGACTTCCTGATTGAAGAAATAGAACGC
CTTGGACAAGATTTATAA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID M81882 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID GAD2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID GAD2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:4093 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 10
Enzyme 3 Locus 10p11.23
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Karlsen AE, Hagopian WA, Grubin CE, Dube S, Disteche CM, Adler DA, Barmeier H, Mathewes S, Grant FJ, Foster D, et al.: Cloning and primary structure of a human islet isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase from chromosome 10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8337-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bu DF, Erlander MG, Hitz BC, Tillakaratne NJ, Kaufman DL, Wagner-McPherson CB, Evans GA, Tobin AJ: Two human glutamate decarboxylases, 65-kDa GAD and 67-kDa GAD, are each encoded by a single gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 15;89(6):2115-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Bu DF, Tobin AJ: The exon-intron organization of the genes (GAD1 and GAD2) encoding two human glutamate decarboxylases (GAD67 and GAD65) suggests that they derive from a common ancestral GAD. Genomics. 1994 May 1;21(1):222-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Mauch L, Abney CC, Berg H, Scherbaum WA, Liedvogel B, Northemann W: Characterization of a linear epitope within the human pancreatic 64-kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase and its autoimmune recognition by sera from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Mar 1;212(2):597-603. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Kim J, Richter W, Aanstoot HJ, Shi Y, Fu Q, Rajotte R, Warnock G, Baekkeskov S: Differential expression of GAD65 and GAD67 in human, rat, and mouse pancreatic islets. Diabetes. 1993 Dec;42(12):1799-808. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Namchuk M, Lindsay L, Turck CW, Kanaani J, Baekkeskov S: Phosphorylation of serine residues 3, 6, 10, and 13 distinguishes membrane anchored from soluble glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and is restricted to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65alpha. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 17;272(3):1548-57. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Kanaani J, el-Husseini Ael-D, Aguilera-Moreno A, Diacovo JM, Bredt DS, Baekkeskov S: A combination of three distinct trafficking signals mediates axonal targeting and presynaptic clustering of GAD65. J Cell Biol. 2002 Sep 30;158(7):1229-38. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 6224
Enzyme 4 Name Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. Sulfinoalanine decarboxylase
  2. Cysteine-sulfinate decarboxylase
Enzyme 4 Gene Name CSAD
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase 
MADSEALPSLAGDPVAVEALLRAVFGVVVDEAIQKGTSVSQKVCEWKEPEELKQLLDLEL
RSQGESQKQILERCRAVIRYSVKTGHPRFFNQLFSGLDPHALAGRIITESLNTSQYTYEI
APVFVLMEEEVLRKLRALVGWSSGDGIFCPGGSISNMYAVNLARYQRYPDCKQRGLRTLP
PLALFTSKECHYSIQKGAAFLGLGTDSVRVVKADERGKMVPEDLERQIGMAEAEGAVPFL
VSATSGTTVLGAFDPLEAIADVCQRHGLWLHVDAAWGGSVLLSQTHRHLLDGIQRADSVA
WNPHKLLAAGLQCSALLLQDTSNLLKRCHGSQASYLFQQDKFYDVALDTGDKVVQCGRRV
DCLKLWLMWKAQGDQGLERRIDQAFVLARYLVEEMKKREGFELVMEPEFVNVCFWFVPPS
LRGKQESPDYHERLSKVAPVLKERMVKEGSMMIGYQPHGTRGNFFRVVVANSALTCADMD
FLLNELERLGQDL
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 493
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 55024
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 6.44
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • carbon-carbon lyase activity
  • carboxy-lyase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • lyase activity
Process
  • amino acid and derivative metabolism
  • amino acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 4 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 4 Specific Function 3-sulfino-L-alanine = hypotaurine + CO(2)
Enzyme 4 Pathways
  • Taurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism (map00430 Link Image)
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • 3-sulfino-L-alanine = hypotaurine + CO2
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 4894558 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9Y600 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CSAD_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >1041 bp 
ATGGCTGACTCAGAAGCACTCCCCTCCCTTGCTGGGGACCCAGTGGCTGTGGAAGCCTTG
CTCCGGGCCGTGTTTGGGGTTGTTGTGGATGAGGCCATTCAGAAAGGAACCAGTGTCTCC
CAGAAGTGTCACTACTCCATCCAGAAGGGAGCTGCGTTTCTGGGACTTGGCACCGACAGT
GTCCGAGTGGTCAAGGCTGATGAGAGAGGGAAAATGGTCCCCGAGGATCTGGAGAGGCAG
ATTGGTATGGCCGAGGCTGAGGGTGCTGTGCCGTTCCTGGTCAGTGCCACCTCTGGCACC
ACTGTGCTAGGGGCCTTTGACCCCCTGGAGGCAATTGCTGATGTGTGCCAGCGTCATGGG
CTATGGCTGCATGTGGATGCTGCCTGGGGTGGGAGCGTCCTGCTGTCACAGACACACAGG
CATCTCCTGGATGGGATCCAGAGGGCTGACTCTGTGGCCTGGAATCCCCACAAGCTCCTC
GCAGCAGGCCTGCAATGCTCTGCACTTCTTCTCCAGGATACCTCGAACCTGCTCAAGCGC
TGCCATGGGTCCCAGGCCAGCTACCTTTTCCAGCAGGACAAGTTCTACGATGTGGCTCTG
GACACGGGAGACAAGGTGGTGCAGTGTGGCCGCCGTGTGGACTGTCTGAAGCTGTGGCTC
ATGTGGAAGGCACAGGGCGATCAAGGGCTGGAGCGGCGCATCGACCAGGCCTTTGTCCTT
GCCCGGTACCTGGTGGAGGAAATGAAGAAGCGGGAAGGGTTTGAGCTAGTCATGGAGCCT
GAGTTTGTCAATGTGTGTTTCTGGTTCGTACCCCCCAGCCTGCGAGGGAAGCAGGAGAGT
CCAGATTACCACGAAGGGCTGTCAAAGGTGGCCCCCGTGCTCAAGGAGCGCATGGTGAAG
GAGGGCTCCATGATGATTGGCTACCAGCCCCACGGGACCCGGGGCAACTTCTTCCGTGTG
GTTGTGGCCAACTCTGCACTGACCTGTGCTGATATGGACTTCCTCCTCAACGAGCTGGAG
CGGCTAGGCCAGGACCTGTGA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID AF116546 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID CSAD Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID CSAD Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:18966 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 12
Enzyme 4 Locus 12q13.11-q14.3
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References Not Available
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 7966
Enzyme 5 Name Hypothetical protein GAD1
Enzyme 5 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Name GAD1
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Hypothetical protein GAD1 
MASSTPSSSATSSNAGADPNTTNLRPTTYDTWCGVAHGCTRKLGLKICGFLQRTNSLEEK
SRLVSAFKERQSSKNLLSCENSDRDARFRRTETDFSNLFARDLLPAKNGEEQTVQFLLEV
VDILLNYVRKTFDRSTKVLDFHHPHQLLEGMEGFNLELSDHPESLEQILVDCRDTLKYGV
RTGHPRFFNQLSTGLDIIGLAGEWLTSTANTNMFTYEIAPVFVLMEQITLKKMREIVGWS
SKDGDGIFSPGGAISNMYSIMAARYKYFPEVKTKGMAAVPKLVLFTSEQSHYSIKKAGAA
LGFGTDNVILIKCNERGKIIPADFEAKILEAKQKGYVPFYVNATAGTTVYGAFDPIQEIA
DICEKYNLWLHVDAAWGGGLLMSRKHRHKLNGIERANSVTWNPHKMMGVLLQCSAILVKE
KGILQGCNQMCAGYLFQPDKQYDVSYDTGDKAIQCGRHVDIFKFWLMWKAKGTVGFENQI
NKCLELAEYLYAKIKNREEFEMVFNGEPEHTNVCFWYIPQSLRGVPDSPQRREKLHKVAP
KIKALMMESGTTMVGYQPQGDKANFFRMVISNPAATQSDIDFLIEEIERLGQDL
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 594
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 66897
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 7.67
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • carbon-carbon lyase activity
  • carboxy-lyase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • lyase activity
Process
  • amino acid and derivative metabolism
  • amino acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 5 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 5 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 62988850 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q53TQ7 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q53TQ7_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >1785 bp 
ATGGCGTCTTCGACCCCATCTTCGTCCGCAACCTCCTCGAACGCGGGAGCGGACCCCAAT
ACCACTAACCTGCGCCCCACAACGTACGATACCTGGTGCGGCGTGGCCCATGGATGCACC
AGAAAACTGGGGCTCAAGATCTGCGGCTTCTTGCAAAGGACCAACAGCCTGGAAGAGAAG
AGTCGCCTTGTGAGTGCCTTCAAGGAGAGGCAATCCTCCAAGAACCTGCTTTCCTGTGAA
AACAGCGACCGGGATGCCCGCTTCCGGCGCACAGAGACTGACTTCTCTAATCTGTTTGCT
AGAGATCTGCTTCCGGCTAAGAACGGTGAGGAGCAAACCGTGCAATTCCTCCTGGAAGTG
GTGGACATACTCCTCAACTATGTCCGCAAGACATTTGATCGCTCCACCAAGGTGCTGGAC
TTTCATCACCCACACCAGTTGCTGGAAGGCATGGAGGGCTTCAACTTGGAGCTCTCTGAC
CACCCCGAGTCCCTGGAGCAGATCCTGGTTGACTGCAGAGACACCTTGAAGTATGGGGTT
CGCACAGGTCATCCTCGATTTTTCAACCAGCTCTCCACTGGATTGGATATTATTGGCCTA
GCTGGAGAATGGCTGACATCAACGGCCAATACCAACATGTTTACATATGAAATTGCACCA
GTGTTTGTCCTCATGGAACAAATAACACTTAAGAAGATGAGAGAGATAGTTGGATGGTCA
AGTAAAGATGGTGATGGGATATTTTCTCCTGGGGGCGCCATATCCAACATGTACAGCATC
ATGGCTGCTCGCTACAAGTACTTCCCGGAAGTTAAGACAAAGGGCATGGCGGCTGTGCCT
AAACTGGTCCTCTTCACCTCAGAACAGAGTCACTATTCCATAAAGAAAGCTGGGGCTGCA
CTTGGCTTTGGAACTGACAATGTGATTTTGATAAAGTGCAATGAAAGGGGGAAAATAATT
CCAGCTGATTTTGAGGCAAAAATTCTTGAAGCCAAACAGAAGGGATATGTTCCCTTTTAT
GTCAATGCAACTGCTGGCACGACTGTTTATGGAGCTTTTGATCCGATACAAGAGATTGCA
GATATATGTGAGAAATATAACCTTTGGTTGCATGTCGATGCTGCCTGGGGAGGTGGGCTG
CTCATGTCCAGGAAGCACCGCCATAAACTCAACGGCATAGAAAGGGCCAACTCAGTCACC
TGGAACCCTCACAAGATGATGGGCGTGCTGTTGCAGTGCTCTGCCATTCTCGTCAAGGAA
AAGGGTATACTCCAAGGATGCAACCAGATGTGTGCAGGATACCTCTTCCAGCCAGACAAG
CAGTATGATGTCTCCTACGACACCGGGGACAAGGCAATTCAGTGTGGCCGCCACGTGGAT
ATCTTCAAGTTCTGGCTGATGTGGAAAGCAAAGGGCACAGTGGGATTTGAAAACCAGATC
AACAAATGCCTGGAACTGGCTGAATACCTCTATGCCAAGATTAAAAACAGAGAAGAATTT
GAGATGGTTTTCAATGGCGAGCCTGAGCACACAAACGTCTGTTTTTGGTATATTCCACAA
AGCCTCAGGGGTGTGCCAGACAGCCCTCAACGACGGGAAAAGCTACACAAGGTGGCTCCA
AAAATCAAAGCCCTGATGATGGAGTCAGGTACGACCATGGTTGGCTACCAGCCCCAAGGG
GACAAGGCCAACTTCTTCCGGATGGTCATCTCCAACCCAGCCGCTACCCAGTCTGACATT
GACTTCCTCATTGAGGAGATAGAAAGACTGGGCCAGGATCTGTAA
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID AC007405 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID GAD1 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID GAD1 Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:4092 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 5 Locus 2q31
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References Not Available
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 6 [top]
Enzyme 6 ID 16502
Enzyme 6 Name cDNA, FLJ93078, Homo sapiens glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble(aspartate aminotransferase 1) (GOT1), mRNA (Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble (Aspartate aminotransferase 1), isoform CRA_b)
Enzyme 6 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Name GOT1
Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence >cDNA, FLJ93078, Homo sapiens glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble(aspartate aminotransferase 1) (GOT1), mRNA (Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble (Aspartate aminotransferase 1), isoform CRA_b) 
MAPPSVFAEVPQAQPVLVFKLTADFREDPDPRKVNLGVGAYRTDDCHPWVLPVVKKVEQK
IANDNSLNHEYLPILGLAEFRSCASRLALGDDSPALKEKRVGGVQSLGGTGALRIGADFL
ARWYNGTNNKNTPVYVSSPTWENHNAVFSAAGFKDIRSYRYWDAEKRGLDLQGFLNDLEN
APEFSIVVLHACAHNPTGIDPTPEQWKQIASVMKHRFLFPFFDSAYQGFASGNLERDAWA
IRYFVSEGFEFFCAQSFSKNFGLYNERVGNLTVVGKEPESILQVLSQMEKIVRITWSNPP
AQGARIVASTLSNPELFEEWTGNVKTMADRILTMRSELRARLEALKTPGTWNHITDQIGM
FSFTGLNPKQVEYLVNEKHIYLLPSGRINVSGLTTKNLDYVATSIHEAVTKIQ
Enzyme 6 Number of Residues 413
Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight 46248
Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI 7.01
Enzyme 6 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • transaminase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Process
  • amino acid and derivative metabolism
  • amino acid metabolism
  • biosynthesis
  • cellular metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 6 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 6 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 6 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 6 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 6 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 6 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B2R6R7 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B2R6R7_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB ID 1AJS Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB File Show
Enzyme 6 3D Structure
Enzyme 6 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID AK312684 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID B2R6R7 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location 10
Enzyme 6 Locus 10q24.1-q25.1
Enzyme 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 6 General References Not Available
Enzyme 6 Metabolite References Not Available