Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Predicted |
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Creation Date | 2021-09-21 20:06:08 UTC |
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Update Date | 2021-10-01 16:52:11 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0300959 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | undec-10-enoyl-CoA |
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Description | Undec-10-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is an undec-10-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Undec-10-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 11 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoA's are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Undec-10-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Undec-10-enoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, undec-10-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of undec-10-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts undec-10-enoyl-CoA into undec-10-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, undec-10-enoylcarnitine is converted back to undec-10-enoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of undec-10-enoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since undec-10-enoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of undec-10-enoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the alpha carbon and ketone to release one molecule of acetyl-CoA and a new acyl-CoA which is now 2 carbons shorter. This four-step process repeats until undec-10-enoyl-CoA has had all its carbons removed from the chain, leaving only acetyl-CoA. Beta oxidation, as well as alpha-oxidation, also occurs in the peroxisome. The peroxisome handles beta oxidation of fatty acids that have more than 20 carbons in their chain because the peroxisome contains very-long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetases and dehydrogenases. The heart primarily metabolizes fat for energy and Acyl-CoA metabolism has been identified as a critical molecule in early-stage heart muscle pump failure. Cellular acyl-CoA content also correlates with insulin resistance, suggesting that it can mediate lipotoxicity in non-adipose tissues. Acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) plays an important role in energy metabolism on account of key enzyme in triglyceride biosynthesis. The study of acyl-CoAs is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acyl-CoAs will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules. | Read more...
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Structure | CC(C)(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C InChI=1S/C32H54N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-23(41)60-16-15-34-22(40)13-14-35-30(44)27(43)32(2,3)18-53-59(50,51)56-58(48,49)52-17-21-26(55-57(45,46)47)25(42)31(54-21)39-20-38-24-28(33)36-19-37-29(24)39/h4,19-21,25-27,31,42-43H,1,5-18H2,2-3H3,(H,34,40)(H,35,44)(H,48,49)(H,50,51)(H2,33,36,37)(H2,45,46,47) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-(2-{[2-(undec-10-enoylsulfanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)butanimidate | HMDB | 4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-(2-{[2-(undec-10-enoylsulphanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)butanimidate | HMDB | 4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-(2-{[2-(undec-10-enoylsulphanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)butanimidic acid | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C32H54N7O17P3S |
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Average Molecular Weight | 933.8 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 933.250975475 |
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IUPAC Name | {[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({[hydroxy({3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-{[2-(undec-10-enoylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]propoxy})phosphoryl]oxy})phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid |
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Traditional Name | [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy([hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-{[2-(undec-10-enoylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]propoxy)phosphoryl]oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
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SMILES | CC(C)(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C32H54N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-23(41)60-16-15-34-22(40)13-14-35-30(44)27(43)32(2,3)18-53-59(50,51)56-58(48,49)52-17-21-26(55-57(45,46)47)25(42)31(54-21)39-20-38-24-28(33)36-19-37-29(24)39/h4,19-21,25-27,31,42-43H,1,5-18H2,2-3H3,(H,34,40)(H,35,44)(H,48,49)(H,50,51)(H2,33,36,37)(H2,45,46,47) |
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InChI Key | KJESHOWGFISTIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl coas. These are acyl-CoAs carrying a 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl chain. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Fatty Acyls |
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Sub Class | Fatty acyl thioesters |
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Direct Parent | 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl CoAs |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Coenzyme a or derivatives
- Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate
- Purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate
- Purine ribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate
- Ribonucleoside 3'-phosphate
- Pentose-5-phosphate
- Pentose phosphate
- N-glycosyl compound
- Glycosyl compound
- Beta amino acid or derivatives
- Pentose monosaccharide
- Organic pyrophosphate
- Monosaccharide phosphate
- 6-aminopurine
- Purine
- Imidazopyrimidine
- Monoalkyl phosphate
- Aminopyrimidine
- Imidolactam
- Alkyl phosphate
- Pyrimidine
- Phosphoric acid ester
- Organic phosphoric acid derivative
- N-substituted imidazole
- N-acyl-amine
- Monosaccharide
- Fatty amide
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Imidazole
- Azole
- Carbothioic s-ester
- Thiocarboxylic acid ester
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Secondary alcohol
- Carboxamide group
- Amino acid or derivatives
- Oxacycle
- Azacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Sulfenyl compound
- Thiocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary amine
- Organosulfur compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Amine
- Alcohol
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | Not Available |
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Process | Not Available |
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Role | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Not Available |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | | Show more...
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesNot Available | Show more...
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