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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2021-09-23 16:18:40 UTC
Update Date2021-09-23 16:18:43 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0302249
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Metabolite Identification
Common Name(E)-alpha-Bergamotene
Descriptionα-cis-bergamotene belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic sesquiterpenoids. These are sesquiterpenoids containing exactly two rings, which are fused together. It is formally classified as a polycyclic hydrocarbon although it is biochemically a sesquiterpene as it is synthesized via isoprene units. Sesquiterpenes are terpenes that contain 15 carbon atoms and are comprised of three isoprene units. The biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes is known to occur mainly through the mevalonic acid pathway (MVA), in the cytosol. However, recent studies have found evidence of pathway crosstalk with the methyl-eritritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastid (PMID: 19932496 , 17710406 ). Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic sesquiterpenes. FPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. There are four known Bergamotene isomers including α-cis-, α-trans-, β-cis- and β-trans-bergamotene. α-cis-Bergamotene is found in the oils of carrot, bergamot, lime, citron, cottonseed, and kumquat. Isomers of bergamotene have a function as pheromones for some insect species. Evidence suggests that plants under attack by herbivore insects are able to release specific amounts of bergamotene to attract natural enemies of the herbivores, using these sesquiterpenes as a defense mechanism (PMID: 16418295 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(e)-a-BergamoteneGenerator
(e)-Α-bergamoteneGenerator
Chemical FormulaC15H24
Average Molecular Weight204.3511
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight204.187800768
IUPAC Name(1R,5R,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene
Traditional Name(1R,5R,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CC(C)=CCC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2C[C@@H]1C(C)=CC2
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C15H24/c1-11(2)6-5-9-15(4)13-8-7-12(3)14(15)10-13/h6-7,13-14H,5,8-10H2,1-4H3/t13-,14-,15+/m1/s1
InChI KeyYMBFCQPIMVLNIU-KFWWJZLASA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassMonoterpenoids
Direct ParentBicyclic monoterpenoids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pinane monoterpenoid
  • Bicyclic monoterpenoid
  • Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon
  • Polycyclic hydrocarbon
  • Cyclic olefin
  • Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
  • Unsaturated hydrocarbon
  • Olefin
  • Hydrocarbon
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP5.91ALOGPS
logP4.46ChemAxon
logS-4.5ALOGPS
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area0 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity68.52 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability26.58 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
AllCCS[M+H]+148.84232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+144.97932859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+153.47132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+152.43632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-158.30832859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-158.87132859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-159.59832859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+152.12630932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-149.7330932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-182.79430932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+158.12930932474

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Not Available
Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (E)-alpha-Bergamotene 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-1390000000-d6a0ba11c5a26587cd862016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (E)-alpha-Bergamotene 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0aor-4940000000-9dc882467486d9fdf0612016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (E)-alpha-Bergamotene 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-5900000000-ea9024d4d9b8c46f77562016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (E)-alpha-Bergamotene 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0090000000-1d073790940a713722d22016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (E)-alpha-Bergamotene 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0090000000-de5ae459f3052d9744b72016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (E)-alpha-Bergamotene 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0fy9-3910000000-729cba2ca70dcf19f20f2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (E)-alpha-Bergamotene 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0090000000-7ccf03fa1149a1e9f55f2021-10-21Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (E)-alpha-Bergamotene 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0090000000-7ccf03fa1149a1e9f55f2021-10-21Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (E)-alpha-Bergamotene 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0uxr-0790000000-5f2697dd150bf0825ae52021-10-21Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (E)-alpha-Bergamotene 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-060r-2920000000-b37f23a73e76ccb776332021-10-21Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (E)-alpha-Bergamotene 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-3900000000-bdedd611b0ff9d6258632021-10-21Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (E)-alpha-Bergamotene 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-069r-9000000000-b2a695a52a29c98c42602021-10-21Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB003887
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID10250932
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound13889654
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Schramek N, Wang H, Romisch-Margl W, Keil B, Radykewicz T, Winzenhorlein B, Beerhues L, Bacher A, Rohdich F, Gershenzon J, Liu B, Eisenreich W: Artemisinin biosynthesis in growing plants of Artemisia annua. A 13CO2 study. Phytochemistry. 2010 Feb;71(2-3):179-87. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.10.015. Epub 2009 Nov 22. [PubMed:19932496 ]
  2. Towler MJ, Weathers PJ: Evidence of artemisinin production from IPP stemming from both the mevalonate and the nonmevalonate pathways. Plant Cell Rep. 2007 Dec;26(12):2129-36. doi: 10.1007/s00299-007-0420-x. Epub 2007 Aug 21. [PubMed:17710406 ]
  3. Schnee C, Kollner TG, Held M, Turlings TC, Gershenzon J, Degenhardt J: The products of a single maize sesquiterpene synthase form a volatile defense signal that attracts natural enemies of maize herbivores. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 24;103(4):1129-34. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0508027103. Epub 2006 Jan 17. [PubMed:16418295 ]