1. 4-{(1,4)-alpha-D-Glucosyl}(n-1)-D-glucose
2. Amylose
3. 1,4-alpha-D-Glucan
4. (1,4-alpha-D-Glucosyl)n+1
5. (1,4-alpha-D-Glucosyl)n
6. Amylose chain
7. (1,4-alpha-D-Glucosyl)n-1
8. 4-{(1,4)-alpha-delta-Glucosyl}(n-1)-delta-glucose
9. 1,4-alpha-delta-Glucan
10. (1,4-alpha-delta-Glucosyl)n+1
11. (1,4-alpha-delta-Glucosyl)n
12. (1,4-alpha-delta-Glucosyl)n-1

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1. Topping DL, Gooden JM, Brown IL, Biebrick DA, McGrath L, Trimble RP, Choct M, Illman RJ: A high amylose (amylomaize) starch raises proximal large bowel starch and increases colon length in pigs. J Nutr. 1997 Apr;127(4):615-22. [PubMed ]
2. Klein B, Foreman JA: Amylolysis of a chromogenic substrate, Cibachron Blue F3GA-amylose: kinetics and mechanism. Clin Chem. 1980 Feb;26(2):250-3. [PubMed ]
3. Langkilde AM, Ekwall H, Bjorck I, Asp NG, Andersson H: Retrograded high-amylose corn starch reduces cholic acid excretion from the small bowel in ileostomy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Nov;52(11):790-5. [PubMed ]
4. Traub WH: Studies on neutralization of human serum bactericidal activity by sodium amylosulfate. J Clin Microbiol. 1977 Aug;6(2):128-31. [PubMed ]
5. Wikipedia

1. Glycogen debranching enzyme
2. Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form
3. Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form
4. Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form
5. Glycogen [starch] synthase, liver
6. Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle
7. Glucan , branching enzyme 1 variant
8. cDNA FLJ43930 fis, clone TESTI4013441, highly similar to 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme (EC 2.4.1.18)

1. Glycogen debrancher[Includes: 4-alpha- glucanotransferase
2. Oligo-1,4-1,4-glucantransferase
3. Amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase
4. Amylo-1,6-glucosidase
5. Dextrin 6-alpha-D-glucosidase]

MGHSKQIRILLLNEMEKLEKTLFRLEQGYELQFRLGPTLQGKAVTVYTNYPFPGETFNRE
KFRSLDWENPTEREDDSDKYCKLNLQQSGSFQYYFLQGNEKSGGGYIVVDPILRVGADNH
VLPLDCVTLQTFLAKCLGPFDEWESRLRVAKESGYNMIHFTPLQTLGLSRSCYSLANQLE
LNPDFSRPNRKYTWNDVGQLVEKLKKEWNVICITDVVYNHTAANSKWIQEHPECAYNLVN
SPHLKPAWVLDRALWRFSCDVAEGKYKEKGIPALIENDHHMNSIRKIIWEDIFPKLKLWE
FFQVDVNKAVEQFRRLLTQENRRVTKSDPNQHLTIIQDPEYRRFGCTVDMNIALTTFIPH
DKGPAAIEECCNWFHKRMEELNSEKHRLINYHQEQAVNCLLGNVFYERLAGHGPKLGPVT
RKHPLVTRYFTFPFEEIDFSMEESMIHLPNKACFLMAHNGWVMGDDPLRNFAEPGSEVYL
RRELICWGDSVKLRYGNKPEDCPYLWAHMKKYTEITATYFQGVRLDNCHSTPLHVAEYML
DAARNLQPNLYVVAELFTGSEDLDNVFVTRLGISSLIREAMSAYNSHEEGRLVYRYGGEP
VGSFVQPCLRPLMPAIAHALFMDITHDNECPIVHRSAYDALPSTTIVSMACCASGSTRGY
DELVPHQISVVSEERFYTKWNPEALPSNTGEVNFQSGIIAARCAISKLHQELGAKGFIQV
YVDQVDEDIVAVTRHSPSIHQSVVAVSRTAFRNPKTSFYSKEVPQMCIPGKIEEVVLEAR
TIERNTKPYRKDENSINGTPDITVEIREHIQLNESKIVKQAGVATKGPNEYIQEIEFENL
SPGSVIIFRVSLDPHAQVAVGILRNHLTQFSPHFKSGSLAVDNADPILKIPFASLASRLT
LAELNQILYRCESEEKEDGGGCYDIPNWSALKYAGLQGLMSVLAEIRPKNDLGHPFCNNL
RSGDWMIDYVSNRLISRSGTIAEVGKWLQAMFFYLKQIPRYLIPCYFDAILIGAYTTLLD
TAWKQMSSFVQNGSTFVKHLSLGSVQLCGVGKFPSLPILSPALMDVPYRLNEITKEKEQC
CVSLAAGLPHFSSGIFRCWGRDTFIALRGILLITGRYVEARNIILAFAGTLRHGLIPNLL
GEGIYARYNCRDAVWWWLQCIQDYCKMVPNGLDILKCPVSRMYPTDDSAPLPAGTLDQPL
FEVIQEAMQKHMQGIQFRERNAGPQIDRNMKDEGFNITAGVDEETGFVYGGNRFNCGTWM
DKMGESDRARNRGIPATPRDGSAVEIVGLSKSAVRWLLELSKKNIFPYHEVTVKRHGKAI
KVSYDEWNRKIQDNFEKLFHVSEDPSDLNEKHPNLVHKRGIYKDSYGASSPWCDYQLRPN
FTIAMVVAPELFTTEKAWKALEIAEKKLLGPLGMKTLDPDDMVYCGIYDNALDNDNYNLA
KGFNYHQGPEWLWPIGYFLRAKLYFSRLMGPETTAKTIVLVKNVLSRHYVHLERSPWKGL
PELTNENAQYCPFSCETQAWSIATILETLYDL

• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )

• Hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen phosphorylase limit dextrin

• GDE_C (PF06202 )

• None

• None

ATGAGTTTATTAACATGTGCTTTTTATTTAGGGTATGAGCTACAGTTCCGATTAGGCCCA
ACTTTACAGGGAAAAGCAGTTACCGTGTATACAAATTACCCATTTCCTGGAGAAACATTT
AATAGAGAAAAATTCCGTTCTCTGGATTGGGAAAATCCAACAGAAAGAGAAGATGATTCT
GATAAATACTGTAAACTTAATCTGCAACAATCTGGTTCATTTCAGTATTATTTCCTTCAA
GGAAATGAGAAAAGTGGTGGAGGTTACATAGTTGTGGACCCCATTTTACGTGTTGGTGCT
GATAATCATGTGCTACCCTTGGACTGTGTTACTCTTCAGACATTTTTAGCTAAGTGTTTG
GGACCTTTTGATGAATGGGAAAGCAGACTTAGGGTTGCAAAAGAATCAGGCTACAACATG
ATTCATTTTACCCCATTGCAGACTCTTGGACTATCTAGGTCATGCTACTCCCTTGCCAAT
CAGTTAGAATTAAATCCTGACTTTTCAAGACCTAATAGAAAGTATACCTGGAATGATGTT
GGACAGCTAGTGGAAAAATTAAAAAAGGAATGGAATGTTATTTGTATTACTGATGTTGTC
TACAATCATACTGCTGCTAATAGTAAATGGATCCAGGAACATCCAGAATGTGCCTATAAT
CTTGTGAATTCTCCACACTTAAAACCTGCCTGGGTCTTAGACAGAGCACTTTGGCGTTTC
TCCTGTGATGTTGCAGAAGGGAAATACAAAGAAAAGGGAATACCTGCTTTGATTGAAAAT
GATCACCATATGAATTCCATCCGAAAAATAATTTGGGAGGATATTTTTCCAAAGCTTAAA
CTCTGGGAATTTTTCCAAGTAGATGTCAACAAAGCGGTTGAGCAATTTAGAAGACTTCTT
ACACAAGAAAATAGGCGAGTAACCAAGTCTGATCCAAACCAACACCTTACGATTATTCAA
GATCCTGAATACAGACGGTTTGGCTGTACTGTAGATATGAACATTGCACTAACGACTTTC
ATACCACATGACAAGGGGCCAGCAGCAATTGAAGAATGCTGTAATTGGTTTCATAAAAGA
ATGGAGGAATTAAATTCAGAGAAGCATCGACTCATTAACTATCATCAGGAACAGGCAGTT
AATTGCCTTTTGGGAAATGTGTTTTATGAACGACTGGCTGGCCATGGTCCAAAACTAGGA
CCTGTCACTAGAAAGCATCCTTTAGTTACCAGGTATTTTACTTTCCCATTTGAAGAGATA
GACTTCTCCATGGAAGAATCTATGATTCATCTGCCAAATAAAGCTTGTTTTCTGATGGCA
CACAATGGATGGGTAATGGGAGATGATCCTCTTCGAAACTTTGCTGAACCGGGTTCAGAA
GTTTACCTAAGGAGAGAACTTATTTGCTGGGGAGACAGTGTTAAATTACGCTATGGGAAT
AAACCAGAGGACTGTCCTTATCTCTGGGCACACATGAAAAAATACACTGAAATAACTGCA
ACTTATTTCCAGGGAGTACGTCTTGATAACTGCCACTCAACACCTCTTCACGTAGCTGAG
TACATGTTGGATGCTGCTAGGAATTTGCAACCCAATTTATATGTAGTAGCTGAACTGTTC
ACAGGAAGTGAAGATCTGGACAATGTCTTTGTTACTAGACTGGGCATTAGTTCCTTAATA
AGAGAGGCAATGAGTGCATATAATAGTCATGAAGAGGGCAGATTAGTTTACCGATATGGA
GGAGAACCTGTTGGATCCTTTGTTCAGCCCTGTTTGAGGCCTTTAATGCCAGCTATTGCA
CATGCCCTGTTTATGGATATTACGCATGATAATGAGTGTCCTATTGTGCATAGATCAGCG
TATGATGCTCTTCCAAGTACTACAATTGTTTCTATGGCATGTTGTGCTAGTGGAAGTACA
AGAGGCTATGATGAATTAGTGCCTCATCAGATTTCAGTGGTTTCTGAAGAACGGTTTTAC
ACTAAGTGGAATCCTGAAGCATTGCCTTCAAACACAGGTGAAGTTAATTTCCAAAGCGGC
ATTATTGCAGCCAGGTGTGCTATCAGTAAACTTCATCAGGAGCTTGGAGCCAAGGGTTTT
ATTCAGGTGTATGTGGATCAAGTTGATGAAGACATAGTGGCAGTAACAAGACACTCACCT
AGCATCCATCAGTCTGTTGTGGCTGTATCTAGAACTGCTTTCAGGAATCCCAAGACTTCA
TTTTACAGCAAGGAAGTGCCTCAAATGTGCATCCCTGGCAAAATTGAAGAAGTAGTTCTT
GAAGCTAGAACTATTGAGAGAAACACGAAACCTTATAGGAAGGATGAGAATTCAATCAAT
GGAACACCAGATATCACAGTAGAAATTAGAGAACATATTCAGCTTAATGAAAGTAAAATT
GTTAAACAAGCTGGAGTTGCCACAAAAGGGCCCAATGAATATATTCAAGAAATAGAATTT
GAAAACTTGTCTCCAGGAAGTGTTATTATATTCAGAGTTAGTCTTGATCCACATGCACAA
GTCGCTGTTGGAATTCTTCGAAATCATCTGACACAATTCAGTCCTCACTTTAAATCTGGC
AGCCTAGCTGTTGACAATGCAGATCCTATATTAAAAATTCCTTTTGCTTCTCTTGCCTCC
AGATTAACTTTGGCTGAGCTAAATCAGATCCTTTACCGATGTGAATCAGAAGAAAAGGAA
GATGGTGGAGGGTGCTATGACATACCAAACTGGTCAGCCCTTAAATATGCAGGTCTTCAA
GGTTTAATGTCTGTATTGGCAGAAATAAGACCAAAGAATGACTTGGGGCATCCTTTTTGT
AATAATTTGAGATCTGGAGATTGGATGATTGACTATGTCAGTAACCGGCTTATTTCACGA
TCAGGAACTATTGCTGAAGTTGGTAAATGGTTGCAGGCTATGTTCTTCTACCTGAAGCAG
ATCCCACGTTACCTTATCCCATGTTACTTTGATGCTATATTAATTGGTGCATATACCACT
CTTCTGGATACAGCATGGAAGCAGATGTCAAGCTTTGTTCAGAATGGTTCAACCTTTGTG
AAACACCTTTCATTGGGTTCAGTTCAACTGTGTGGAGTAGGAAAATTCCCTTCCCTGCCA
ATTCTTTCACCTGCCCTAATGGATGTACCTTATAGGTTAAATGAGATCACAAAAGAAAAG
GAGCAATGTTGTGTTTCTCTAGCTGCAGGCTTACCTCATTTTTCTTCTGGTATTTTCCGC
TGCTGGGGAAGGGATACTTTTATTGCACTTAGAGGTATACTGCTGATTACTGGACGCTAT
GTAGAAGCCAGGAATATTATTTTAGCATTTGCGGGTACCCTGAGGCATGGTCTCATTCCT
AATCTACTGGGTGAAGGGATTTATGCCAGATACAATTGTCGGGATGCTGTGTGGTGGTGG
CTGCAGTGTATCCAGGATTACTGTAAAATGGTTCCAAATGGTCTAGACATTCTCAAGTGC
CCAGTTTCCAGAATGTATCCTACAGATGATTCTGCTCCTTTGCCTGCTGGCACACTGGAT
CAGCCATTGTTTGAAGTCATACAGGAAGCAATGCAAAAACACATGCAGGGCATACAGTTC
CGAGAAAGGAATGCTGGTCCCCAGATAGATCGAAACATGAAGGACGAAGGTTTTAATATA
ACTGCAGGAGTTGATGAAGAAACAGGATTTGTTTATGGAGGAAATCGTTTCAATTGTGGC
ACATGGATGGATAAAATGGGAGAAAGTGACAGAGCTAGAAACAGAGGAATCCCAGCCACA
CCAAGAGATGGGTCTGCTGTGGAAATTGTGGGCCTGAGTAAATCTGCTGTTCGCTGGTTG
CTGGAATTATCCAAAAAAAATATTTTCCCTTATCATGAAGTCACAGTAAAAAGACATGGA
AAGGCTATAAAGGTCTCATATGATGAGTGGAACAGAAAAATACAAGACAACTTTGAAAAG
CTATTTCATGTTTCCGAAGACCCTTCAGATTTAAATGAAAAGCATCCAAATCTGGTTCAC
AAACGTGGCATATACAAAGATAGTTATGGAGCTTCAAGTCCTTGGTGTGACTATCAGCTC
AGGCCTAATTTTACCATAGCAATGGTTGTGGCCCCTGAGCTCTTTACTACAGAAAAAGCA
GGGAAAGCTTTGGAGATTGCAGAAAAAAAATTGCTTGGTCCCCTTGGCATGAAAACTTTA
GATCCAGATGATATGGTTTACTGTGGAATTTATGACAATGCATTAGACAATGACAACTAC
AATCTTGCTAAAGGTTTCAATTATCACCAAGGACCTGAGTGGCTGTGGCCTATTGGGTAT
TTTCTTCGTGCAAAATTATATTTTTCCAGATTGATGGGCCCGGAGACTACTGCAAAGACT
ATAGTTTTGGTTAAAAATGTTCTTTCCCGACATTATGTTCATCTTGAGAGATCCCCTTGG
AAAGGACTTCCAGAACTGACCAATGAGAATGCCCAGTACTGTCCTTTCAGCTGTGAAACA
CAAGCCTGGTCAATTGCTACTATTCTTGAGACACTTTATGATTTATAG

1. Yang BZ, Ding JH, Enghild JJ, Bao Y, Chen YT: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding human muscle glycogen debranching enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1992 May 5;267(13):9294-9. [PubMed ]
2. Bao Y, Dawson TL Jr, Chen YT: Human glycogen debranching enzyme gene (AGL): complete structural organization and characterization of the 5' flanking region. Genomics. 1996 Dec 1;38(2):155-65. [PubMed ]
3. Bao Y, Yang BZ, Dawson TL Jr, Chen YT: Isolation and nucleotide sequence of human liver glycogen debranching enzyme mRNA: identification of multiple tissue-specific isoforms. Gene. 1997 Sep 15;197(1-2):389-98. [PubMed ]
4. Okubo M, Horinishi A, Takeuchi M, Suzuki Y, Sakura N, Hasegawa Y, Igarashi T, Goto K, Tahara H, Uchimoto S, Omichi K, Kanno H, Hayasaka K, Murase T: Heterogeneous mutations in the glycogen-debranching enzyme gene are responsible for glycogen storage disease type IIIa in Japan. Hum Genet. 2000 Jan;106(1):108-15. [PubMed ]
5. Okubo M, Kanda F, Horinishi A, Takahashi K, Okuda S, Chihara K, Murase T: Glycogen storage disease type IIIa: first report of a causative missense mutation (G1448R) of the glycogen debranching enzyme gene found in a homozygous patient. Hum Mutat. 1999 Dec;14(6):542-3. [PubMed ]

MAKPLTDQEKRRQISIRGIVGVENVAELKKSFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATTRDYYFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYDKCPKRVYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMINLGLQNACDEAIYQLGLDI
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEYGIFNQKIRDGWQVEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKSRPEFMLPVHFYGKVEHTNTGTKWIDTQVVLALPYDTPVPGYMNNTVN
TMRLWSARAPNDFNLRDFNVGDYIQAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKASKFGSTRGAGTVFDAFPDQVAIQLNDTHPALAIPELMRIFVDIEKL
PWSKAWELTQKTFAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVDLVEKLLPRHLEIIYEINQKHLDRIVALFP
KDVDRLRRMSLIEEEGSKRINMAHLCIVGSHAVNGVAKIHSDIVKTKVFKDFSELEPDKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLLLCNPGLAELIAEKIGEDYVKDLSQLTKLHSFLGDDVFLRELAKVKQ
ENKLKFSQFLETEYKVKINPSSMFDVQVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVITMYNRIKKDPKKLFV
PRTVIIGGKAAPGYHMAKMIIKLITSVADVVNNDPMVGSKLKVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
TDLSEQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGEENLFIFGMRIDDVA
ALDKKGYEAKEYYEALPELKLVIDQIDNGFFSPKQPDLFKDIINMLFYHDRFKVFADYEA
YVKCQDKVSQLYMNPKAWNTMVLKNIAASGKFSSDRTIKEYAQNIWNVEPSDLKISLSNE
SNKVNGN

• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )

• (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate

• Phosphorylase (PF00343 )

• None

• None

ATGGGCGAACCGCTGACAGACCAGGAGAAGCGGCGGCAGATCAGCATCCGCGGCATCGTG
GGCGTGGAGAACGTGGCAGAGCTGAAGAAGAGTTTCAACCGGCACCTGCACTTCACGCTG
GTCAAGGACCGCAACGTGGCCACCACCCGCGACTACTACTTCGCGCTGGCGCACACGGTG
CGGGACCACCTGGTGGGGCGCTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTACGACAAGTGCCCC
AAGAGGGAATATTACCTCTCTCTGGAATTTTACATGGGCCGAACATTACAGAACACCATG
ATCAACCTCGGTCTGCAAAATGCCTGTGATGAGGCCATTTACCAGCTTGGATTGGATATA
GAAGAGTTAGAAGAAATTGAAGAAGATGCTGGACTTGGCAATGGTGGTCTTGGGAGACTT
GCTGCCTGCTTCTTGGATTCCATGGCAACCCTGGGACTTGCAGCCTATGGATACGGCATT
CGGTATGAATATGGGATTTTCAATCAGAAGATCCGAGATGGATGGCAGGTAGAAGAAGCA
GATGATTGGCTCAGATATGGAAACCCTTGGGAGAAGTCCCGCCCAGAATTCATGCTGCCT
GTGCACTTCTATGGAAAAGTAGAACACACCAACACCGGGACCAAGTGGATTGACACTCAA
GTGGTCCTGGCTCTGCCATATGACACCCCCGAGCCCGGCTACATGAATAACACTGTCAAC
ACCATGCGCCTCTGGTCTGCTCGGGCACCAAATGACTTTAACCTCAGAGACTTTAATGTT
GGAGACTACATTCAGGCTGTGCTGGACCGAAACCTGGCCGAGAACATCTCCCGGGTCCTC
TATCCCAATGACAATTTTTTTGAAGGGAAGGAGCTAAGATTGAAGCAGGAATACTTTGTG
GTGGCTGCAACCTTGCAAGATATCATCCGCCGTTTCAAAGCCTCCAAGTTTGGCTCCACC
CGTGGTCAAGGAACTGTGTTTGATGCCTTCCCGGATCAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTGAATGAT
ACTCACCCTCGCATCGCGATCCCTGAGCTGATGAGGATTTTTGTGGATATTGAAAAACTG
CCCTGGTCCAAGGCATGGGAGCTCAACCAGAAGACCTTCGCCTACACCAACCACACAGTG
CTCCCGGAAGCCCTGGAGCGCTGGCCCGTGGACCTGGTGGAGAAGCTGCTCCCTCGACAT
TTGGAAATCATTTATGAGATAAATCAGAAGCATTTAGATAGAATTGTGGCCTTGTTTCCT
AAAGATGTGGACCCTCTGAGAAGGATGTCTCTGATAGAAGAGGAAGGAAGCAAAAGGATC
AACATGGCCCATCTCTGCATTGTCGGTTCCCATGCTGTGAATGGCGTGGCTAAAATCCAC
TCAGACATCGTGAAGACTAAAGTATTCAAGGACTTCAGTGAGCTAGAACCTGACAAGTTT
CAGAATAAAACCAATGGGATCACTCCAAGGCGCTGGCTCCTACTCTGCAACCCAGGACTT
GCAGAGCTCATAGCAGAGAAAATTGGAGAAGACTATGTGAAAGACCTGAGCCAGCTGACG
AAGCTCCACAGCTTCCTGGGTGATGATGTCTTCCTCCGGGAACTCGCCAAGGTGAAGCAG
GAGAATAAGCTGAAGTTTTCTCAGTTCCTGGAGACGGAGTACAAAGTGAAGATCAACCCA
TCCTCCATGTTTGATGTCCAGGTGAAGAGGATACATGAGTACAAGCGACAGCTCTTGAAC
TGTCTGCATGTGATCACGATGTACAACCGCATTAAGAAAGACCCTAAGAAGTTATTCGTG
CCAAGGACAGTTATCATTGGTGGTAAAGCTGCCCCAGGATATCACATGGCCAAAATGATC
ATAAAGCTGATCACTTCAGTGGCAGATGTGGTGAACAATGACCCTATGGTTGGAAGCAAG
TTGAAAGTCATCTTCTTGGAGAACTACAGAGTATCTCTTGCTGAAAAAGTCATTCCAGCC
ACAGATCTGTCAGAGCAGATTTCCACTGCAGGCACCGAAGCCTCGGGGACAGGCAATATG
AAGTTCATGCTAAATGGGGCCCTAACTATCGGGACCATGGATGGGGCCAATGTGGAAATG
GCAGAAGAAGCTGGGGAAGAGAACCTGTTCATCTTTGGCATGAGCATAGATGATGTGGCT
GCTTTGGACAAGAAAGGGTACGAGGCAAAAGAATACTATGAGGCACTTCCAGAGCTGAAG
CTGGTCATTGATCAAATTGACAATGGCTTTTTTTCTCCCAAGCAGCCTGACCTCTTCAAA
GATATCATCAACATGCTATTTTATCATGACAGGTTTAAAGTCTTTGCAGACTACGAAGCC
TATGTCAAGTGTCAAGATAAAGTGAGTCAGCTGTACATGAATCCAAAGGCCTGGAACACA
ATGGTACTCAAAAACATAGCTGCCTCGGGGAAATTCTCCAGTGACCGAACAATTAAAGAA
TATGCCCAAAACATCTGGAACGTGGAACCTTCAGATCTAAAGATTTCTCTATCCAATGAA
TCTAACAAAGTCAATGGAAATTGA

1. Newgard CB, Nakano K, Hwang PK, Fletterick RJ: Sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding human liver glycogen phosphorylase reveals tissue-specific codon usage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8132-6. [PubMed ]
2. Chang S, Rosenberg MJ, Morton H, Francomano CA, Biesecker LG: Identification of a mutation in liver glycogen phosphorylase in glycogen storage disease type VI. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 May;7(5):865-70. [PubMed ]
3. Burwinkel B, Bakker HD, Herschkovitz E, Moses SW, Shin YS, Kilimann MW: Mutations in the liver glycogen phosphorylase gene (PYGL) underlying glycogenosis type VI. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Apr;62(4):785-91. [PubMed ]
4. Gorin FA, Mullinax RL, Ignacio PC, Neve RL, Kurnit DM: McArdle's & Hers' diseases: glycogen phosphorylase transcriptional expression in human tissues. J Neurogenet. 1987 Dec;4(6):293-308. [PubMed ]
5. Rath VL, Ammirati M, Danley DE, Ekstrom JL, Gibbs EM, Hynes TR, Mathiowetz AM, McPherson RK, Olson TV, Treadway JL, Hoover DJ: Human liver glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors bind at a new allosteric site. Chem Biol. 2000 Sep;7(9):677-82. [PubMed ]
6. Rath VL, Ammirati M, LeMotte PK, Fennell KF, Mansour MN, Danley DE, Hynes TR, Schulte GK, Wasilko DJ, Pandit J: Activation of human liver glycogen phosphorylase by alteration of the secondary structure and packing of the catalytic core. Mol Cell. 2000 Jul;6(1):139-48. [PubMed ]
7. Ekstrom JL, Pauly TA, Carty MD, Soeller WC, Culp J, Danley DE, Hoover DJ, Treadway JL, Gibbs EM, Fletterick RJ, Day YS, Myszka DG, Rath VL: Structure-activity analysis of the purine binding site of human liver glycogen phosphorylase. Chem Biol. 2002 Aug;9(8):915-24. [PubMed ]

1. Myophosphorylase

MSRPLSDQEKRKQISVRGLAGVENVTELKKNFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATPRDYYFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYEKDPKRIYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMVNLALENACDEATYQLGLDM
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEFGIFNQKISGGWQMEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKARPEFTLPVHFYGHVEHTSQGAKWVDTQVVLAMPYDTPVPGYRNNVVN
TMRLWSAKAPNDFNLKDFNVGGYIQAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKSSKFGCRDPVRTNFDAFPDKVAIQLNDTHPSLAIPELMRILVDLERM
DWDKAWDVTVRTCAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVHLLETLLPRHLQIIYEINQRFLNRVAAAFP
GDVDRLRRMSLVEEGAVKRINMAHLCIAGSHAVNGVARIHSEILKKTIFKDFYELEPHKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLVLCNPGLAEVIAERIGEDFISDLDQLRKLLSFVDDEAFIRDVAKVKQ
ENKLKFAAYLEREYKVHINPNSLFDIQVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVITLYNRIKREPNKFFV
PRTVMIGGKAAPGYHMAKMIIRLVTAIGDVVNHDPAVGDRLRVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
ADLSEQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGEENFFIFGMRVEDVD
KLDQRGYNAQEYYDRIPELRQVIEQLSSGFFSPKQPDLFKDIVNMLMHHDRFKVFADYED
YIKCQEKVSALYKNPREWTRMVIRNIATSGKFSSDRTIAQYAREIWGVEPSRQRLPAPDE
AI

• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )

• (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate

• Phosphorylase (PF00343 )

• None

• None

ATGTCCCGGCCCCTGTCAGACCAAGAGAAAAGAAAGCAAATCAGTGTGCGTGGCCTGGCC
GGCGTGGAGAACGTGACTGAGCTGAAAAAGAACTTCAACCGGCACCTGCATTTCACACTC
GTAAAGGACCGCAATGTGGCCACCCCACGAGACTACTACTTTGCTCTGGCCCATACCGTG
CGCGACCACCTCGTGGGGCGGTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTATGAGAAGGACCCC
AAGAGGATCTACTACCTGTCTTTAGAGTTCTATATGGGACGGACGCTACAGAACACCATG
GTGAACCTGGCCTTAGAGAATGCCTGTGACGAGGCCACCTACCAGCTGGGCCTGGACATG
GAGGAGCTGGAGGAAATTGAGGAGGATGCGGGGCTGGGCAACGGGGGCCTGGGCCGGCTG
GCAGCCTGCTTTCTTGACTCCATGGCAACACTGGGCCTGGCTGCCTATGGCTACGGGATT
CGCTATGAGTTTGGGATTTTTAACCAGAAGATCTCCGGGGGCTGGCAGATGGAGGAGGCC
GATGACTGGCTTCGCTACGGCAACCCCTGGGAGAAGGCCCGGCCCGAGTTCACGCTACCT
GTGCACTTCTACGGCCATGTGGAGCACACCAGCCAGGGTGCCAAGTGGGTGGACACACAG
GTGGTACTGGCCATGCCCTACGATACCCCGGTGCCTGGCTATCGCAACAATGTTGTCAAC
ACCATGCGCCTCTGGTCTGCCAAGGCTCCCAATGACTTCAACCTCAAGGACTTCAATGTC
GGTGGCTACATCCAGGCTGTGTTGGACCGAAACCTGGCGGAGAACATCTCTCGTGTCCTG
TACCCCAATGATAATTTCTTCGAAGGGAAGGAGCTGCGGCTGAAGCAGGAGTATTTCGTG
GTGGCTGCCACCCTCCAGGACATCATCCGTCGCTTCAAGTCTTCCAAGTTCGGCTGCCGT
GATCCCGTGCGCACGAACTTCGATGCCTTCCCAGATAAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTCAATGAC
ACCCACCCCTCCCTGGCCATCCCCGAGCTGATGAGGATCCTGGTGGACCTGGAACGGATG
GACTGGGACAAGGCGTGGGATGTGACAGTGAGGACCTGTGCCTACACCAACCACACGGTG
CTGCCCGAGGCCCTGGAGCGCTGGCCGGTGCACCTCTTGGAGACGCTGCTGCCGCGGCAC
CTCCAGATCATCTACGAGATCAACCAGCGCTTCCTCAACCGGGTGGCGGCCGCATTCCCA
GGGGACGTAGACCGGCTGCGGCGCATGTCGCTGGTGGAGGAGGGCGCAGTGAAGCGCATC
AACATGGCACACCTGTGCATCGCGGGGTCGCACGCCGTCAACGGTGTGGCCCGCATCCAC
TCGGAGATCCTCAAGAAGACCATCTTCAAAGACTTCTATGAGCTGGAGCCTCATAAGTTC
CAGAATAAGACCAACGGCATCACCCCTCGGCGCTGGCTGGTTCTGTGTAACCCCGGGCTG
GCAGAGGTCATTGCTGAGCGCATCGGGGAGGACTTCATCTCTGACCTGGACCAGCTGCGC
AAACTGCTCTCCTTTGTGGATGATGAAGCTTTCATTCGGGATGTGGCCAAAGTGAAGCAG
GAAAACAAGTTGAAGTTTGCTGCCTACCTAGAGAGGGAATACAAAGTCCACATCAACCCC
AACTCACTCTTCGACATCCAGGTGAAGCGGATTCACGAATATAAACGACAGCTCCTCAAC
TGCCTCCATGTCATCACCCTGTACAACCGCATCAAGAGGGAGCCCAATAAGTTTTTTGTG
CCTCGGACTGTGATGATTGGAGGGAAGGCTGCACCTGGGTACCACATGGCCAAGATGATC
ATCAGACTCGTCACAGCCATCGGGGATGTGGTCAACCATGACCCGGCAGTGGGTGACCGC
CTCCGTGTCATCTTCCTGGAGAACTACCGAGTCTCACTGGCCGAGAAAGTGATCCCAGCT
GCAGACCTCTCTGAGCAGATCTCCACTGCGGGCACTGAAGCCTCAGGCACCGGCAACATG
AAGTTCATGCTCAACGGGGCTCTGACCATTGGCACCATGGACGGGGCCAATGTGGAGATG
GCAGAAGAGGCGGGAGAGGAAAACTTCTTCATCTTTGGCATGCGGGTGGAGGATGTGGAT
AAGCTTGACCAAAGAGGGTACAATGCCCAGGAGTACTACGATCGCATTCCTGAGCTTCGG
CAGGTCATTGAGCAGCTGAGCAGTGGCTTCTTCTCCCCCAAACAACCCGACCTGTTCAAG
GACATTGTCAATATGCTCATGCACCATGACCGGTTTAAAGTCTTCGCAGATTATGAAGAC
TACATTAAATGCCAGGAGAAAGTCAGCGCCTGGTACAAGAACCCAAGAGAGTGGACGCGG
ATGGTGATCCGGAACATAGCCACTTCTGGCAAGTTCTCCAGTGACCGCACCATTGCCCAG
TATGCCCGGGAGATCTGGGGTGTGGAGCCTTCCCGCCAGCGCCTGCCAGCCCCGGATGAG
GCCATCTGA

1. Burke J, Hwang P, Anderson L, Lebo R, Gorin F, Fletterick R: Intron/exon structure of the human gene for the muscle isozyme of glycogen phosphorylase. Proteins. 1987;2(3):177-87. [PubMed ]
2. Hwang PK, See YP, Vincentini AM, Powers MA, Fletterick RJ, Crerar MM: Comparative sequence analysis of rat, rabbit, and human muscle glycogen phosphorylase cDNAs. Eur J Biochem. 1985 Oct 15;152(2):267-74. [PubMed ]
3. Gautron S, Daegelen D, Mennecier F, Dubocq D, Kahn A, Dreyfus JC: Molecular mechanisms of McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency). RNA and DNA analysis. J Clin Invest. 1987 Jan;79(1):275-81. [PubMed ]
4. Tsujino S, Shanske S, DiMauro S: Molecular genetic heterogeneity of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 22;329(4):241-5. [PubMed ]
5. Tsujino S, Shanske S, Martinuzzi A, Heiman-Patterson T, DiMauro S: Two novel missense mutations (E654K, L396P) in Caucasian patients with myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Hum Mutat. 1995;6(3):276-7. [PubMed ]
6. Tsujino S, Shanske S, Nonaka I, DiMauro S: The molecular genetic basis of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Muscle Nerve. 1995;3:S23-7. [PubMed ]
7. Vorgerd M, Kubisch C, Burwinkel B, Reichmann H, Mortier W, Tettenborn B, Pongratz D, Lindemuth R, Tegenthoff M, Malin JP, Kilimann MW: Mutation analysis in myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Ann Neurol. 1998 Mar;43(3):326-31. [PubMed ]
8. Gamez J, Fernandez R, Bruno C, Andreu AL, Cervera C, Navarro C, Schwartz S, Dimauro S: A new mutation in the regulatory domain of the myophosphorylase gene affecting protein dimer contact. Muscle Nerve. 1999 Aug;22(8):1136-8. [PubMed ]
9. Andreu AL, Bruno C, Tamburino L, Gamez J, Shanske S, Cervera C, Navarro C, DiMauro S: A new mutation in the myophosphorylase gene (Asn684Tyr) in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 1999 May;9(3):171-3. [PubMed ]
10. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Garcia A, Campos Y, Cabello A, Culebras JM, Arenas J: McArdle's disease associated with homozygosity for the missense mutation Gly204Ser of the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient. Neuromuscul Disord. 1999 May;9(3):174-5. [PubMed ]
11. Fernandez R, Navarro C, Andreu AL, Bruno C, Shanske S, Gamez J, Teijeira S, Hernandez I, Teijeiro A, Fernandez JM, Musumeci O, DiMauro S: A novel missense mutation (W797R) in the myophosphorylase gene in Spanish patients with McArdle disease. Arch Neurol. 2000 Feb;57(2):217-9. [PubMed ]
12. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Campos Y, Auciello R, Cabello A, Arenas J: A missense mutation W797R in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Muscle Nerve. 2000 Jan;23(1):129-31. [PubMed ]
13. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Campos Y, Cabello A, Arenas J: A missense mutation T487N in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2000 Feb;10(2):138-40. [PubMed ]
14. Martin MA, Rubio JC, Campos Y, Ricoy JR, Cabello A, Arenas J: A homozygous missense mutation (A659D) in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2000 Aug;10(6):447-9. [PubMed ]
15. Martin MA, Rubio JC, Buchbinder J, Fernandez-Hojas R, del Hoyo P, Teijeira S, Gamez J, Navarro C, Fernandez JM, Cabello A, Campos Y, Cervera C, Culebras JM, Andreu AL, Fletterick R, Arenas J: Molecular heterogeneity of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease): a genotype-phenotype correlation study. Ann Neurol. 2001 Nov;50(5):574-81. [PubMed ]
16. Bruno C, Lanzillo R, Biedi C, Iadicicco L, Minetti C, Santoro L: Two new mutations in the myophosphorylase gene in Italian patients with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2002 Jun;12(5):498-500. [PubMed ]

MAKPLTDSEKRKQISVRGLAGLGDVAEVRKSFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATPRDYFFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYERDPKRIYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMVNLGLQNACDEAIYQLGLDL
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEFGIFNQKIVNGWQVEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKARPEYMLPVHFYGRVEHTPDGVKWLDTQVVLAMPYDTPVPGYKNNTVN
TMRLWSAKAPNDFKLQDFNVGDYIEAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKSSKFGCRDPVRTCFETFPDKVAIQLNDTHPALSIPELMRILVDVEKV
DWDKAWEITKKTCAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVSMFEKLLPRHLEIIYAINQRHLDHVAALFP
GDVDRLRRMSVIEEGDCKRINMAHLCVIGSHAVNGVARIHSEIVKQSVFKDFYELEPEKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLLLCNPGLADTIVEKIGEEFLTDLSQLKKLLPLVSDEVFIRDVAKVKQ
ENKLKFSAFLEKEYKVKINPSSMFDVHVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVVTLYNRIKRDPAKAFV
PRTVMIGGKAAPGYHMAKLIIKLVTSIGDVVNHDPVVGDRLKVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
ADLSQQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGAENLFIFGLRVEDVE
ALDRKGYNAREYYDHLPELKQAVDQISSGFFSPKEPDCFKDIVNMLMHHDRFKVFADYEA
YMQCQAQVDQLYRNPKEWTKKVIRNIACSGKFSSDRTITEYAREIWGVEPSDLQIPPPNI
PRD

• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )

• (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate

• Phosphorylase (PF00343 )

• None

• None

ATGGGCGAACCGCTGACGGACAGCGAGAAGCGGAAGCAGATCAGCGTGCGCGGCCTGGCG
GGGCTAGGCGACGTGGCCGAGGTGCGGAAGAGCTTCAACCGGCACTTGCACTTCACGCTG
GTCAAGGACCGCAATGTGGCCACGCCCCGCGACTACTTCTTCGCGCTGGCGCACACGGTG
CGCGACCACCTCGTGGGCCGCTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTACGAGCGCGACCCC
AAGCGAATTTATTATCTTTCCCTGGAATTCTACATGGGTCGCACGCTGCAGAACACGATG
GTGAACCTGGGCCTTCAGAATGCCTGCGATGAAGCCATCTATCAGTTGGGGTTAGACTTG
GAGGAACTCGAGGAGATAGAAGAAGATGCTGGCCTTGGGAATGGAGGCCTGGGGAGGCTG
GCAGCGTGTTTCCTTGACTCAATGGCTACCTTGGGCCTGGCAGCATACGGCTATGGAATC
CGCTATGAATTTGGGATTTTTAACCAGAAGATTGTCAATGGCTGGCAGGTAGAGGAGGCC
GATGACTGGCTGCGCTACGGCAACCCCTGGGAGAAAGCGCGGCCTGAGTATATGCTTCCC
GTGCACTTCTACGGACGCGTGGAGCACACCCCCGACGGCGTGAAGTGGCTGGACACACAG
GTGGTGCTGGCCATGCCCTACGACACCCCAGTGCCCGGCTACAAGAACAACACCGTCAAC
ACCATGCGGCTGTGGTCCGCAAGGGCTCCCAACGACTTCAAGCTGCAGGACTTCAACGTG
GGAGACTACATCGAGGCGGTCCTGGACCGGAACTTGGCTGAGAACATCTCCAGGGTCCTG
TATCCAAATGATAACTTCTTTGAGGGGAAGGAGCTGCGGCTGAAGCAGGAGTACTTCGTG
GTGGGCGCCACGCTCCAGGACATCATCCGCCGCTTCAAGTCGTCCAAGTTCGGCTGCCGG
GACCCTGTGAGAACCTGTTTCGAGACGTTCCCAGACAAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTGAACGAC
ACCCACCCCGCCCTCTCCATCCCTGAGCTCATGCGGATCCTGGTGGACGTGGAGAAGGTG
GACTGGGACAAGGCCTGGGAAATCACGAAGAAGACCTGTGCATACACCAACCACACTGTG
CTGCCTGAGGCCTTGGAGCGCTGGCCCGTGTCCATGTTTGAGAAGCTGCTGCCGCGGCAC
CTGGAGATAATCTATGCCATCAACCAGCGGCACCTGGACCACGTGGCCGCGCTGTTTCCC
GGCGATGTGGACCGCCTGCGCAGGATGTCTGTGATCGAGGAGGGGGACTGCAAGCGGATC
AACATGGCCCACCTGTGTGTGATTGGGTCCCATGCTGTCAATGGTGTGGCGAGGATCCAC
TCGGAGATCGTGAAACAGTCGGTCTTTAAGGATTTTTATGAACTGGAGCCAGAGAAGTTC
CAGAATAAGACCAATGGCATCACCCCCCGCCGGTGGCTGCTGCTGTGCAACCCGGGGCTG
GCCGATACCATCGTGGAGAAAATTGGGGAGGAGTTCCTGACTGACCTGAGCCAGCTGAAG
AAGCTGCTGCCGCTGGTCAGTGACGAGGTGTTCATCAGGGACGTGGCCAAGGTCAAACAG
GAGAACAAGCTCAAGTTCTCGGCCTTCCTGGAGAAGGAGTACAAGGTGAAGATCAACCCC
TCCTCCATGTTCGATGTGCATGTGAAGAGGATCCACGAGTACAAGCGGCAGCTGCTCAAC
TGCCTGCACGTCGTCACCCTGTACAATCGAATCAAGAGAGACCCGGCCAAGGCTTTTGTG
CCCAGGACTGTTATGATTGGGGGCAAGGCAGCGCCCGGTTACCACATGGCCAAGCTGATC
ATCAAGTTGGTCACCTCCATCGGCGACGTCGTCAATCATGACCCAGTTGTGGGTGACAGG
TTGAAAGTGATCTTCCTGGAGAACTACCGTGTGTCCTTGGCTGAGAAAGTGATCCCGGCC
GCTGATCTGTCGCAGCAGATCTCCACTGCAGGCACCGAGGCCTCAGGCACAGGCAACATG
AAGTTCATGCTCAACGGGGCCCTCACCATCGGCACCATGGACGGCGCCAACGTGGAGATG
GCCGAGGAGGCCGGGGCCGAGAACCTCTTCATCTTCGGCCTGCGGGTGGAGGATGTCGAG
GCCTTGGACCGGAAAGGGTACAATGCCAGGGAGTACTACGACCACCTGCCCGAGCTGAAG
CAGGCCGTGGACCAGATCAGCAGTGGCTTTTTTTCTCCCAAGGAGCCAGACTGCTTCAAG
GACATCGTGAACATGCTGATGCACCATGACAGGTTCAAGGTGTTTGCAGACTATGAAGCC
TACATGCAGTGCCAGGCACAGGTGGACCAGCTGTACCGGAACCCCAAGGAGTGGACCAAG
AAGGTCATCAGGAACATCGCCTGCTCGGGCAAGTTCTCCAGTGACCGGACCATCACGGAG
TATGCACGGGAGATCTGGGGTGTGGAGCCCTCCGACCTGCAGCTTCAGCACCTGCCCCAC
CCAGAGTGGGAGTCAGGTGGAGCCACCTGCTGGGCTCCCCCAGAACTTTGCACACATCTT
GCTATGTATTAG

1. Newgard CB, Littman DR, van Genderen C, Smith M, Fletterick RJ: Human brain glycogen phosphorylase. Cloning, sequence analysis, chromosomal mapping, tissue expression, and comparison with the human liver and muscle isozymes. J Biol Chem. 1988 Mar 15;263(8):3850-7. [PubMed ]
2. Gelinas RP, Froman BE, McElroy F, Tait RC, Gorin FA: Human brain glycogen phosphorylase: characterization of fetal cDNA and genomic sequences. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1989 Nov;6(2-3):177-85. [PubMed ]
3. Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed ]
4. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed ]

MLRGRSLSVTSLGGLPQWEVEELPVEELLLFEVAWEVTNKVGGIYTVIQTKAKTTADEWG
ENYFLIGPYFEHNMKTQVEQCEPVNDAVRRAVDAMNKHGCQVHFGRWLIEGSPYVVLFDI
GYSAWNLDRWKGDLWEACSVGIPYHDREANDMLIFGSLTAWFLKEVTDHADGKYVVAQFH
EWQAGIGLILSRARKLPIATIFTTHATLLGRYLCAANIDFYNHLDKFNIDKEAGERQIYH
RYCMERASVHCAHVFTTVSEITAIEAEHMLKRKPDVVTPNGLNVKKFSAVHEFQNLHAMY
KARIQDFVRGHFYGHLDFDLEKTLFLFIAGRYEFSNKGADIFLESLSRLNFLLRMHKSDI
TVVVFFIMPAKTNNFNVETLKGQAVRKQLWDVAHSVKEKFGKKLYDALLRGEIPDLNDIL
DRDDLTIMKRAIFSTQRQSLPPVTTHNMIDDSTDPILSTIRRIGLFNNRTDRVKVILHPE
FLSSTSPLLPMDYEEFVRGCHLGVFPSYYEPWGYTPAECTVMGIPSVTTNLSGFGCFMQE
HVADPTAYGIYIVDRRFRSPDDSCNQLTKFLYGFCKQSRRQRIIQRNRTERLSDLLDWRY
LGRYYQHARHLTLSRAFPDKFHVELTSPPTTEGFKYPRPSSVPPSPSGSQASSPQSSDVE
DEVEDERYDEEEEAERDRLNIKSPFSLSHVPHGKKKLHGEYKN

• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )

• UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = UDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1

• Glycogen_syn (PF05693 )

• None

• None

ATGCTTCGAGGCCGATCCCTCTCTGTAACATCCCTGGGTGGGCTTCCCCAGTGGGAAGTC
GAAGAACTTCCTGTGGAGGAGTTACTGCTCTTTGAAGTTGCTTGGGAAGTGACCAATAAA
GTTGGAGGCATCTATACTGTGATTCAGACAAAGGCCAAAACAACAGCAGATGAATGGGGA
GAGAACTATTTTCTGATAGGTCCATATTTTGAGCATAATATGAAGACTCAGGTGGAACAG
TGTGAACCTGTAAATGATGCTGTCAGAAGAGCAGTGGACGCAATGAATAAGCATGGCTGC
CAGGTGCATTTTGGAAGATGGCTGATAGAAGGAAGTCCTTATGTGGTACTTTTTGACATA
GGCTATTCAGCTTGGAATCTGGACAGGTGGAAGGGTGACCTCTGGGAAGCATGCAGTGTC
GGCATTCCTTATCATGACCGAGAAGCCAATGATATGCTGATATTTGGATCTTTAACTGCC
TGGTTCTTAAAAGAGGTGACAGATCATGCAGATGGTAAATATGTCGTTGCCCAATTCCAT
GAATGGCAGGCTGGAATTGGACTGATCCTTTCTCGAGCCAGGAAACTTCCTATTGCCACA
ATATTTACAACCCACGCTACACTACTTGGGAGGTATCTCTGTGCAGCAAATATTGATTTC
TACAACCATCTTGATAAGTTTAACATTGACAAAGAGGCTGGGGAAAGGCAGATTTACCAC
CGGTACTGCATGGAGCGAGCTTCCGTTCATTGCGCTCACGTGTTCACCACGGTTTCTGAA
ATAACAGCAATAGAAGCTGAACATATGCTGAAGAGAAAGCCTGATGTAGTTACTCCAAAC
GGCTTGAATGTTAAGAAATTTTCAGCAGTGCATGAGTTTCAAAATCTACATGCCATGTAC
AAGGCCAGAATCCAAGATTTTGTTCGAGGTCATTTCTATGGTCATCTCGACTTTGATCTT
GAAAAGACTTTGTTCCTTTTCATTGCTGGGAGGTATGAGTTTTCAAACAAAGGAGCTGAC
ATCTTCCTAGAATCCTTATCCAGGCTAAATTTCCTGCTGAGGATGCATAAAAGTGACATC
ACAGTGGTGGTGTTTTTCATTATGCCTGCCAAGACAAATAATTTCAACGTGGAAACCCTG
AAAGGACAAGCAGTGCGAAAACAGCTGTGGGATGTTGCACATTCTGTGAAGGAAAAGTTT
GGAAAAAAACTCTATGATGCATTATTAAGAGGAGAAATTCCTGACCTGAACGATATTTTA
GATCGAGATGATCTAACAATTATGAAAAGAGCCATCTTTTCAACTCAGCGACAGTCATTG
CCCCCAGTGACCACGCACAACATGATTGATGACTCCACCGACCCCATCCTCAGCACCATT
AGACGGATTGGACTTTTCAACAACCGCACAGATAGAGTCAAGGTGATTTTGCACCCAGAG
TTTCTATCCTCCACCAGTCCCTTACTACCCATGGACTATGAAGAGTTTGTTAGAGGTTGT
CATCTTGGAGTATTTCCATCATACTATGAACCCTGGGGTTATACTCCAGCTGAATGCACT
GTGATGGGTATCCCCAGTGTGACCACGAATCTCTCCGGGTTTGGCTGTTTCATGCAGGAG
CACGTGGCTGATCCTACTGCTTACGGTATTTACATCGTTGACAGGCGGTTCCGTTCTCCA
GATGATTCTTGCAATCAGCTGACTAAGTTTCTCTATGGATTTTGCAAACAGTCACGCCGC
CAAAGGATTATCCAGAGGAACAGAACTGAGAGGCTCTCAGATCTTCTGGATTGGAGATAC
TTAGGCAGATATTACCAGCATGCCAGACACCTGACATTAAGCAGAGCTTTTCCAGATAAA
TTCCATGTGGAACTAACATCACCACCAACGACAGAAGGATTTAAATATCCCAGGCCTTCC
TCAGTACCACCTTCTCCTTCAGGGTCTCAGGCCTCCAGTCCTCAGAGCAGTGATGTGGAA
GATGAAGTGGAGGATGAGAGATACGATGAGGAAGAGGAGGCTGAAAGGGATCGGTTAAAT
ATCAAGTCACCATTTTCACTGAGCCACGTTCCTCATGGGAAGAAAAAGCTGCATGGTGAA
TATAAGAACTGA

1. Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Bai G, Lee EY: Primary structure of human liver glycogen synthase deduced by cDNA cloning. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994 Jun;311(2):443-9. [PubMed ]
2. Orho M, Bosshard NU, Buist NR, Gitzelmann R, Aynsley-Green A, Blumel P, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Groop LC: Mutations in the liver glycogen synthase gene in children with hypoglycemia due to glycogen storage disease type 0. J Clin Invest. 1998 Aug 1;102(3):507-15. [PubMed ]

MPLNRTLSMSSLPGLEDWEDEFDLENAVLFEVAWEVANKVGGIYTVLQTKAKVTGDEWGD
NYFLVGPYTEQGVRTQVELLEAPTPALKRTLDSMNSKGCKVYFGRWLIEGGPLVVLLDVG
ASAWALERWKGELWDTCNIGVPWYDREANDAVLFGFLTTWFLGEFLAQSEEKPHVVAHFH
EWLAGVGLCLCRARRLPVATIFTTHATLLGRYLCAGAVDFYNNLENFNVDKEAGERQIYH
RYCMERAAAHCAHVFTTVSQITAIEAQHLLKRKPDIVTPNGLNVKKFSAMHEFQNLHAQS
KARIQEFVRGHFYGHLDFNLDKTLYFFIAGRYEFSNKGADVFLEALARLNYLLRVNGSEQ
TVVAFFIMPARTNNFNVETLKGQAVRKQLWDTANTVKEKFGRKLYESLLVGSLPDMNKML
DKEDFTMMKRAIFATQRQSFPPVCTHNMLDDSSDPILTTIRRIGLFNSSADRVKVIFHPE
FLSSTSPLLPVDYEEFVRGCHLGVFPSYYEPWGYTPAECTVMGIPSISTNLSGFGCFMEE
HIADPSAYGIYILDRRFRSLDDSCSQLTSFLYSFCQQSRRQRIIQRNRTERLSDLLDWKY
LGRYYMSARHMALSKAFPEHFTYEPNEADAAQGYRYPRPASVPPSPSLSRHSSPHQSEDE
EDPRNGPLEEDGERYDEDEEAAKDRRNIRAPEWPRRASCTSSTSGSKRNSVDTATSSSLS
TPSEPLSPTSSLGEERN

• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )

• UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = UDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1

• Glycogen_syn (PF05693 )

• None

• None

ATGCCTTTAAACCGCACTTTGTCCATGTCCTCACTGCCAGGACTGGAGGACTGGGAGGAT
GAATTCGACCTGGAGAACGCAGTGCTCTTCGAAGTGGCCTGGGAGGTGGCTAACAAGGTG
GGTGGCATCTACACGGTGCTGCAGACGAAGGCGAAGGTGACAGGGGACGAATGGGGCGAC
AACTACTTCCTGGTGGGGCCGTACACGGAGCAGGGCGTCAGGACCCAGGTGGAACTGCTG
GAGGCCCCCACCCCGGCCCTGAAGAGGACACTGGATTCCATGAACAGCAAGGGCTGCAAG
GTGTATTTCGGGCGCTGGCTGATCGAGGGAGGCCCTCTGGTGGTGCTCCTGGACGTGGGT
GCCTCAGCTTGGGCCCTGGAGCGCTGGAAGGGAGAGCTCTGGGATATCTGCAACATCGGA
GTGCCGTGGTACGACCGCGAGGCCAACGACGCTGTCCTCTTTGGCTTTCTGACCACCTGG
TTCCTGGGTGAGTTCCTGGCACAGAGTGAGGAGAAGCCACATGTGGTTGCTCACTTCCAT
GAGTGGTTGGCAGGCGTTGGACTCTGCCTGTGTCGTGCCCGGCGACTGCCTGTAGCAACC
ATCTTCACCACCCATGCCACGCTGCTGGGGCGCTACCTGTGTGCCGGTGCCGTGGACTTC
TACAACAACCTGGAGAACTTCAACGTGGACAAGGAAGCAGGGGAGAGGCAGATCTACCAC
CGATACTGCATGGAAAGGGCGGCAGCCCACTGCGCTCACGTCTTCACTACTGTGTCCCAG
ATCACCGCCATCGAGGCACAGCACTTGCTCAAGAGGAAACCAGATATTGTGACCCCCAAT
GGGCTGAATGTGAAGAAGTTTTCTGCCATGCATGAGTTCCAGAACCTCCATGCTCAGAGC
AAGGCTCGAATCCAGGAGTTTGTGCGGGGCCATTTTTATGGGCATCTGGACTTCAACTTG
GACAAGACCTTATACTTCTTTATCGCCGGCCGCTATGAGTTCTCCAACAAGGGTGCTGAC
GTCTTTCTGGAGGCATTGGCTCGGCTCAACTATCTGCTCAGAGTGAACGGCAGCGAGCAG
ACAGTGGTTGCCTTCTTCATCATGCCAGCGCGGACCAACAATTTCAACGTGGAAACCCTC
AAAGGCCAAGCTGTGCGCAAACAGCTTTGGGACACGGCCAACACGGTGAAGGAAAAGTTC
GGGAGGAAGCTTTATGAATCCTTACTGGTTGGGAGCCTTCCCGACATGAACAAGATGCTG
GATAAGGAAGACTTCACTATGATGAAGAGAGCCATCTTTGCAACGCAGCGGCAGTCTTTC
CCCCCTGTGTGCACCCACAATATGCTGGATGACTCCTCAGACCCCATCCTGACCACCATC
CGCCGAATCGGCCTCTTCAATAGCAGTGCCGACAGGGTGAAGGTGATTTTCCACCCGGAG
TTCCTCTCCTCCACAAGCCCCCTGCTCCCTGTGGACTATGAGGAGTTTGTCCGTGGCTGT
CACCTTGGAGTCTTCCCCTCCTACTATGAGCCTTGGGGCTACACACCGGCTGAGTGCACG
GTTATGGGAATCCCCAGTATCTCCACCAATCTCTCCGGCTTCGGCTGCTTCATGGAGGAA
CACATCGCAGACCCCTCAGCTTACGGTATCTACATTCTTGACCGGCGGTTCCGCAGCCTG
GATGATTCCTGCTCGCAGCTCACCTCCTTCCTCTACAGTTTCTGTCAGCAGAGCCGGCGG
CAGCGTATCATCCAGCGGAACCGCACGGAGCGCCTCTCCGACCTTCTGGACTGGAAATAC
CTAGGCCGGTACTATATGTCTGCGCGCCACATGGCGCTGTCCAAGGCCTTTCCAGAGCAC
TTCACCTACGAGCCCAACGAGGCGGATGCGGCCCAGGGGTACCGCTACCCACGGCCAGCC
TCGGTGCCACCGTCGCCCTCGCTGTCACGACACTCCAGCCCGCACCAGAGTGAGGACGAG
GAGGATCCCCGGAACGGGCCGCTGGAGGAAGACGGCGAGCGCTACGATGAGGACGAGGAG
GCCGCCAAGGACCGGCGCAACATCCGTGCACCAGAGTGGCCGCGCCGAGCGTCCTGCACC
TCCTCCACCAGCGGCCGCAAGCGCAACTCTGTGGACACGGCCACCTCCAGCTCACTCAGC
ACCCCGAGCGAGCCCCTCAGCCCCACCAGCTCCCTGGGCGAGGAGCGTAACTAA

1. Browner MF, Nakano K, Bang AG, Fletterick RJ: Human muscle glycogen synthase cDNA sequence: a negatively charged protein with an asymmetric charge distribution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Mar;86(5):1443-7. [PubMed ]
2. Orho M, Nikula-Ijas P, Schalin-Jantti C, Permutt MA, Groop LC: Isolation and characterization of the human muscle glycogen synthase gene. Diabetes. 1995 Sep;44(9):1099-105. [PubMed ]
3. Su X, Schuler L, Shapiro S: Cloning and characterization of a glycogen synthase cDNA from human endometrium. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1996 Dec;59(5-6):459-65. [PubMed ]

RAPDRRGSPRLASTRLGALRLRPSRRVPARAPAPAQAPLDPLGPRLLGLRRNMAAPMTPA
ARPEDYEAALNAALADVPELARLLEIDPYLKPYAVDFQRRYKQFSQILKNIGENEGGIDK
FSRGYESFGVHRCADGGLYCKEWAPGAEGVFLTGDFNGWNPFSYPYKKLDYGKWELYIPP
KQNKSVLVPHGSKLKVVITSKSGEILYRISPWAKYVVREGDNVNYDWIHWDPEHSYEFKH
SRPKKPRSLRIYESHVGISSHEGKVASYKHFTCNVLPRIKGLGYNCIQLMAIMEHAYYAS
FGYQITSFFAASSRYGTPEELQELVDTAHSMGIIVLLDVVHSHASKNSADGLNMFDGTDS
CYFHSGPRGTHDLWDSRLFAYSSWEVLRFLLSNIRWWLEEYRFDGFRFDGVTSMLYHHHG
VGQGFSGDYSEYFGLQVDEDALTYLMLANHLVHTLCPDSITIAEDVSGMPALCSPISQGG
GGFDYRLAMAIPDKWIQLLKEFKDEDWNMGDIVYTLTNRRYLEKCIAYAESHDQALVGDK
SLAFWLMDAEMYTNMSVLTPFTPVIDRGIQLHKMIRLITHGLGGEGYLNFMGNEFGHPEW
LDFPRKGNNESYHYARRQFHLTDDDLLRYKFLNNFDRDMNRLEERYGWLAAPQAYVSEKH
EGNKIIAFERAGLLFIFNFHPSKSYTDYRVGTALPGKFKIVLDSDAAEYGGHQRLDHSTD
FFSEAFEHNGRPYSLLVYIPSRVALILQNVDLPN

• Alpha-amylase (PF00128 )
• Alpha-amylase_C (PF02806 )
• Isoamylase_N (PF02922 )

• None

• None

MAAPMTPAARPEDYEAALNAALADVPELARLLEIDPYLKPYAVDFQRRYKQFSQILKNIG
ENEGGIDKFFRGYESFGVHRCADGGLYCKEWAPGAEGVFLTGDFNGWNPFSYPYKKLDYG
KWELYIPPKQNKSVLVPHGSKLKVVITSKSGEILYRISPWAKYVVREGDNVNYDWIHWDP
EHSYEFKHSRPKKPRSLRIYESHVGISSHEGKVASYKHFTCNVLPRIKGLGYNCIQLMAI
MEHAYYASFGYQITSFSAASSRYGTPEELQELVDTAHSMGIIVLLDVVHSHASKNSADGL
NMFDGTDSCYFHSGPRGTHDLWDSRLFAYSSWEVLRFLLSNIRWWLEEYRFDGFRFDGVT
SMLYHHHGVGQGFSGDYSEYFGLQVDEDALTYLMLANHLVHTLCPDSITIAEDVSGMPAL
CSPISQGGGGFDYRLAMAIPDKWIQLLKEFKDEDWNMGDIVYTLTNRRYLEKCIAYAESH
DQALVGDKSLAFWLMDAEMYTNMSVLTPFTPVIDRGIQLHKMIRLITHGLGGEGYLNFMG
NEFGHPEWLDFPRKGNNESYHYARRQFHLTDDDLLRYKFLNNFDRDMNRLEERYGWLAAP
QAYVSEKHEGNKIIAFERAGLLFIFNFHPSKSYTDYRVGTALPGKFKIVLDSDAAEYGGH
QRLDHSTDFFSEAFEHNGRPYSLLVYIPSRVALILQNVDLPN

• Transfers a segment of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain to a primary hydroxy group in a similar glucan chain [RN:R02110 R06186] ALL_REAC R02110 R06186(G)

• Alpha-amylase (PF00128 )
• Alpha-amylase_C (PF02806 )
• CBM_48 (PF02922 )

• None

• None