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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:14:58 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000595
Secondary Accession Numbers
Metabolite Identification
Common NameHydrogen carbonate
Description
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaCH2O3
Average Molecular Weight62.0248
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight62.00039393
IUPAC Namecarbonic acid
Traditional Namecarbonic acid
CAS Registry Number71-52-3
SMILES
OC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)
InChI KeyBVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic carbonic acids. Organic carbonic acids are compounds comprising the carbonic acid functional group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassOrganic carbonic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassOrganic carbonic acids
Direct ParentOrganic carbonic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Carbonic acid
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point720 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility12.8 mg/mL (cold water)MERCK INDEX (1996)
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cellular Cytoplasm
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Hawkinsinuria
  1. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Renal tubular acidosis, distal, RTA type 1
  1. Karet FE, Gainza FJ, Gyory AZ, Unwin RJ, Wrong O, Tanner MJ, Nayir A, Alpay H, Santos F, Hulton SA, Bakkaloglu A, Ozen S, Cunningham MJ, di Pietro A, Walker WG, Lifton RP: Mutations in the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger gene AE1 cause autosomal dominant but not autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 26;95(11):6337-42. [PubMed:9600966 ]
2-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex deficiency
  1. Guffon N, Lopez-Mediavilla C, Dumoulin R, Mousson B, Godinot C, Carrier H, Collombet JM, Divry P, Mathieu M, Guibaud P: 2-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, a rare cause of primary hyperlactataemia: report of a new case. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(5):821-30. [PubMed:8295396 ]
21-Hydroxylase deficiency
  1. Warinner SA, Zimmerman D, Thompson GB, Grant CS: Study of three patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia treated by bilateral adrenalectomy. World J Surg. 2000 Nov;24(11):1347-52. [PubMed:11038205 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness
  1. Zaffanello M, Taranta A, Palma A, Bettinelli A, Marseglia GL, Emma F: Type IV Bartter syndrome: report of two new cases. Pediatr Nephrol. 2006 Jun;21(6):766-70. doi: 10.1007/s00467-006-0090-x. Epub 2006 Apr 1. [PubMed:16583241 ]
  2. Heilberg IP, Totoli C, Calado JT: Adult presentation of Bartter syndrome type IV with erythrocytosis. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2015 Oct-Dec;13(4):604-6. doi: 10.1590/S1679-45082015RC3013. Epub 2015 Oct 30. [PubMed:26537508 ]
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency
  1. Santarelli F, Cassanello M, Enea A, Poma F, D'Onofrio V, Guala G, Garrone G, Puccinelli P, Caruso U, Porta F, Spada M: A neonatal case of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric-coenzyme A lyase deficiency. Ital J Pediatr. 2013 May 24;39:33. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-33. [PubMed:23705938 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal
  1. Chan WK, To KF, Tong JH, Law CW: Paradoxical hypertension and salt wasting in Type II Bartter syndrome. Clin Kidney J. 2012 Jun;5(3):217-20. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfs026. Epub 2012 Mar 29. [PubMed:26069767 ]
Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency
  1. Kuhara T, Shinka T, Inoue Y, Matsumoto M, Yoshino M, Sakaguchi Y, Matsumoto I: Studies of urinary organic acid profiles of a patient with dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase deficiency. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Sep 30;133(2):133-40. [PubMed:6688766 ]
Leigh's syndrome, subacute necrotizing encephalopathy, SNE
  1. Hommes FA, Polman HA, Reerink JD: Leigh's encephalomyelopathy: an inborn error of gluconeogenesis. Arch Dis Child. 1968 Aug;43(230):423-6. [PubMed:4873809 ]
Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase deficiency
  1. Robinson BH, Sherwood WG: Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase deficiency: a cause of congenital chronic lactic acidosis in infancy. Pediatr Res. 1975 Dec;9(12):935-9. doi: 10.1203/00006450-197512000-00015. [PubMed:172850 ]
Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type I, autosomal dominant
  1. Bowden SA, Cozzi C, Hickey SE, Thrush DL, Astbury C, Nuthakki S: Autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 in an infant with salt wasting crisis associated with urinary tract infection and obstructive uropathy. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2013;2013:524647. doi: 10.1155/2013/524647. Epub 2013 Dec 19. [PubMed:24455331 ]
Congenital chloride diarrhea
  1. Choi M, Scholl UI, Ji W, Liu T, Tikhonova IR, Zumbo P, Nayir A, Bakkaloglu A, Ozen S, Sanjad S, Nelson-Williams C, Farhi A, Mane S, Lifton RP: Genetic diagnosis by whole exome capture and massively parallel DNA sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Nov 10;106(45):19096-101. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0910672106. Epub 2009 Oct 27. [PubMed:19861545 ]
Gitelman syndrome
  1. Lin SH, Cheng NL, Hsu YJ, Halperin ML: Intrafamilial phenotype variability in patients with Gitelman syndrome having the same mutations in their thiazide-sensitive sodium/chloride cotransporter. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004 Feb;43(2):304-12. [PubMed:14750096 ]
Seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance (SESAMES)
  1. Scholl UI, Choi M, Liu T, Ramaekers VT, Hausler MG, Grimmer J, Tobe SW, Farhi A, Nelson-Williams C, Lifton RP: Seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance (SeSAME syndrome) caused by mutations in KCNJ10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 7;106(14):5842-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0901749106. Epub 2009 Mar 16. [PubMed:19289823 ]
Fanconi syndrome
  1. Cheng HM, Jap TS, Ho LT: Fanconi syndrome: report of a case. J Formos Med Assoc. 1990 Dec;89(12):1115-7. [PubMed:1982686 ]
  2. McSherry E, Sebastian A, Morris RC Jr: Renal tubular acidosis in infants: the several kinds, including bicarbonate-wasting, classic renal tubular acidosis. J Clin Invest. 1972 Mar;51(3):499-514. [PubMed:5011097 ]
Monocarboxylate transporter 1 deficiency
  1. Balasubramaniam S, Lewis B, Greed L, Meili D, Flier A, Yamamoto R, Bilic K, Till C, Sass JO: Heterozygous Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1, SLC16A1) Deficiency as a Cause of Recurrent Ketoacidosis. JIMD Rep. 2016;29:33-38. doi: 10.1007/8904_2015_519. Epub 2015 Nov 26. [PubMed:26608392 ]
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency
  1. Olpin SE, Allen J, Bonham JR, Clark S, Clayton PT, Calvin J, Downing M, Ives K, Jones S, Manning NJ, Pollitt RJ, Standing SJ, Tanner MS: Features of carnitine palmitoyltransferase type I deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2001 Feb;24(1):35-42. [PubMed:11286380 ]
Renal tubular acidosis, proximal, with ocular abnormalities and mental retardation
  1. Igarashi T, Ishii T, Watanabe K, Hayakawa H, Horio K, Sone Y, Ohga K: Persistent isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis--a systemic disease with a distinct clinical entity. Pediatr Nephrol. 1994 Feb;8(1):70-1. [PubMed:8142230 ]
Ketoacidosis
  1. Snyderman SE, Sansaricq C, Middleton B: Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA-transferase deficiency. Pediatrics. 1998 Apr;101(4 Pt 1):709-11. [PubMed:9521962 ]
Congenital secretory diarrhea
  1. Muller T, Wijmenga C, Phillips AD, Janecke A, Houwen RH, Fischer H, Ellemunter H, Fruhwirth M, Offner F, Hofer S, Muller W, Booth IW, Heinz-Erian P: Congenital sodium diarrhea is an autosomal recessive disorder of sodium/proton exchange but unrelated to known candidate genes. Gastroenterology. 2000 Dec;119(6):1506-13. [PubMed:11113072 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness
  1. Nozu K, Inagaki T, Fu XJ, Nozu Y, Kaito H, Kanda K, Sekine T, Igarashi T, Nakanishi K, Yoshikawa N, Iijima K, Matsuo M: Molecular analysis of digenic inheritance in Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness. J Med Genet. 2008 Mar;45(3):182-6. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2007.052944. [PubMed:18310267 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient
  1. Laghmani K, Beck BB, Yang SS, Seaayfan E, Wenzel A, Reusch B, Vitzthum H, Priem D, Demaretz S, Bergmann K, Duin LK, Gobel H, Mache C, Thiele H, Bartram MP, Dombret C, Altmuller J, Nurnberg P, Benzing T, Levtchenko E, Seyberth HW, Klaus G, Yigit G, Lin SH, Timmer A, de Koning TJ, Scherjon SA, Schlingmann KP, Bertrand MJ, Rinschen MM, de Backer O, Konrad M, Komhoff M: Polyhydramnios, Transient Antenatal Bartter's Syndrome, and MAGED2 Mutations. N Engl J Med. 2016 May 12;374(19):1853-63. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507629. Epub 2016 Apr 27. [PubMed:27120771 ]
Leigh Syndrome, French Canadian Type
  1. Debray FG, Morin C, Janvier A, Villeneuve J, Maranda B, Laframboise R, Lacroix J, Decarie JC, Robitaille Y, Lambert M, Robinson BH, Mitchell GA: LRPPRC mutations cause a phenotypically distinct form of Leigh syndrome with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. J Med Genet. 2011 Mar;48(3):183-9. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2010.081976. Epub 2011 Jan 25. [PubMed:21266382 ]
Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency
  1. Soreze Y, Boutron A, Habarou F, Barnerias C, Nonnenmacher L, Delpech H, Mamoune A, Chretien D, Hubert L, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Correia I, Sardet C, Boddaert N, Hamel Y, Delahodde A, Ottolenghi C, de Lonlay P: Mutations in human lipoyltransferase gene LIPT1 cause a Leigh disease with secondary deficiency for pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013 Dec 17;8:192. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-192. [PubMed:24341803 ]
Myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia 1
  1. Parfait B, de Lonlay P, von Kleist-Retzow JC, Cormier-Daire V, Chretien D, Rotig A, Rabier D, Saudubray JM, Rustin P, Munnich A: The neurogenic weakness, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) syndrome mtDNA mutation (T8993G) triggers muscle ATPase deficiency and hypocitrullinaemia. Eur J Pediatr. 1999 Jan;158(1):55-8. [PubMed:9950309 ]
Fanconi Bickel syndrome
  1. Nirupama Gupta, Bimota Nambam, David A. Weinstein, and Lawrence R. Shoemaker (2016). Late Diagnosis of Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome: Challenges With the Diagnosis and Literature Review . Journal of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Screening.
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 140350 (Hawkinsinuria)
  • 179800 (Renal tubular acidosis, distal, RTA type 1)
  • 203740 (2-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex deficiency)
  • 201910 (21-Hydroxylase deficiency)
  • 602522 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness)
  • 246450 (3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency)
  • 241200 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal)
  • 246900 (Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
  • 256000 (Leigh's syndrome, subacute necrotizing encephalopathy, SNE)
  • 608782 (Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase deficiency)
  • 177735 (Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type I, autosomal dominant)
  • 214700 (Congenital chloride diarrhea)
  • 263800 (Gitelman syndrome)
  • 612780 (Seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance (SESAMES))
  • 616095 (Monocarboxylate transporter 1 deficiency)
  • 255120 (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency)
  • 604278 (Renal tubular acidosis, proximal, with ocular abnormalities and mental retardation)
  • 245050 (Ketoacidosis)
  • 270420 (Congenital secretory diarrhea)
  • 613090 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness)
  • 300971 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient)
  • 220111 (Leigh Syndrome, French Canadian Type)
  • 616299 (Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency)
  • 600462 (Myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia 1)
  • 227810 (Fanconi Bickel syndrome)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023191
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID747
KEGG Compound IDC01353
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID1436647
Wikipedia LinkCarbonic acid
METLIN ID6944
PubChem Compound767
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28976
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDHCO3
MarkerDB IDMDB00013430
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNakajima, Fumiaki; Arima, Toshikazu; Kikuchi, Shintaro; Hirano, Hachiro. Production of alkaline hydrogen carbonate. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (2005), 15 pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 42 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity
Specific function:
ACC-beta may be involved in the provision of malonyl-CoA or in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, rather than fatty acid biosynthesis. Carries out three functions: biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase.
Gene Name:
ACACB
Uniprot ID:
O00763
Molecular weight:
276538.575
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Acetyl-CoA + Hydrogen carbonate → ADP + Phosphate + Malonyl-CoAdetails
Adenosine triphosphate + Holo-[carboxylase] + Hydrogen carbonate → ADP + Phosphate + Carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier proteindetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes a 2-step reaction, involving the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the covalently attached biotin in the first step and the transfer of the carboxyl group to pyruvate in the second. Catalyzes in a tissue specific manner, the initial reactions of glucose (liver, kidney) and lipid (adipose tissue, liver, brain) synthesis from pyruvate.
Gene Name:
PC
Uniprot ID:
P11498
Molecular weight:
129632.565
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Pyruvic acid + Hydrogen carbonate → ADP + Phosphate + Oxalacetic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in the biogenesis of long-chain fatty acids. Carries out three functions: biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase.
Gene Name:
ACACA
Uniprot ID:
Q13085
Molecular weight:
269997.01
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Acetyl-CoA + Hydrogen carbonate → ADP + Phosphate + Malonyl-CoAdetails
Adenosine triphosphate + Holo-[carboxylase] + Hydrogen carbonate → ADP + Phosphate + Carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier proteindetails
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA.
Gene Name:
ALDH6A1
Uniprot ID:
Q02252
Molecular weight:
57839.31
Reactions
2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid + Coenzyme A + Water + NAD → Propionyl-CoA + Hydrogen carbonate + NADHdetails
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes fat and vitamin absorption. Acts in concert with pancreatic lipase and colipase for the complete digestion of dietary triglycerides.
Gene Name:
CEL
Uniprot ID:
P19835
Molecular weight:
79666.385
General function:
Involved in ligase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
PCCB
Uniprot ID:
P05166
Molecular weight:
58215.13
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Propionyl-CoA + Hydrogen carbonate → ADP + Phosphate + S-Methylmalonyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
PCCA
Uniprot ID:
P05165
Molecular weight:
80058.295
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Propionyl-CoA + Hydrogen carbonate → ADP + Phosphate + S-Methylmalonyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Involved in ligase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
MCCC2
Uniprot ID:
Q9HCC0
Molecular weight:
61332.65
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA + Hydrogen carbonate → ADP + Phosphate + 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
MCCC1
Uniprot ID:
Q96RQ3
Molecular weight:
80472.45
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA + Hydrogen carbonate → ADP + Phosphate + 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Involved in inositol or phosphatidylinositol phosphatase activity
Specific function:
Converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Also converts inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate to inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate. May function in lysosomal membrane trafficking by regulating the specific pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate that is associated with lysosomes. Involved in primary cilia assembly.
Gene Name:
OCRL
Uniprot ID:
Q01968
Molecular weight:
104203.78

Transporters

General function:
Involved in anion transport
Specific function:
Electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter with a Na(+):HCO3(-) stoichiometry varying from 1:2 to 1:3. May regulate bicarbonate influx/efflux at the basolateral membrane of cells and regulate intracellular pH
Gene Name:
SLC4A4
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y6R1
Molecular weight:
121459.4
General function:
Involved in inorganic anion exchanger activity
Specific function:
Electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter in exchange for intracellular chloride. Plays an important role in regulating intracellular pH
Gene Name:
SLC4A10
Uniprot ID:
Q6U841
Molecular weight:
125945.1
General function:
Involved in anion transport
Specific function:
Electroneutral sodium- and bicarbonate-dependent cotransporter with a Na(+):HCO3(-) 1:1 stoichiometry. Regulates intracellular pH and may play a role in bicarbonate salvage in secretory epithelia. May also have an associated sodium channel activity.
Gene Name:
SLC4A7
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y6M7
Molecular weight:
127358.16
General function:
Involved in anion transport
Specific function:
Mediates sodium- and bicarbonate-dependent electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransport, with a Na(+):HCO3(-) stoichiometry of 2:1. May have a housekeeping function in regulating the pH of tissues in which it is expressed. May play a role in mediating Na(+):HCO3(-) cotransport in hepatocytes and intrahepatic cholangiocytes. Also may be important in protecting the renal paranchyma from alterations in urine pH
Gene Name:
SLC4A5
Uniprot ID:
Q9BY07
Molecular weight:
126254.0

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 42 proteins in total.