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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2007-01-22 22:44:31 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:29 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0005801
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB05801
Metabolite Identification
Common NameKaempferol
DescriptionKaempferol, also known as rhamnolutein or c.i. 75640, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, kaempferol is considered to be a flavonoid molecule. A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'. Kaempferol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Kaempferol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Kaempferol is a bitter tasting compound. Kaempferol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as saffrons, capers, and cumins and in a lower concentration in lovages, endives, and cloves. Kaempferol has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as shallots, pine nuts, feijoa, kombus, and chicory leaves. This could make kaempferol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Kaempferol is a potentially toxic compound.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC15H10O6
Average Molecular Weight286.2363
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight286.047738052
IUPAC Name3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
Traditional Namekaempferol
CAS Registry Number520-18-3
SMILES
OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C15H10O6/c16-8-3-1-7(2-4-8)15-14(20)13(19)12-10(18)5-9(17)6-11(12)21-15/h1-6,16-18,20H
InChI KeyIYRMWMYZSQPJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassPhenylpropanoids and polyketides
ClassFlavonoids
Sub ClassFlavones
Direct ParentFlavonols
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 3-hydroxyflavone
  • 3-hydroxyflavonoid
  • 4'-hydroxyflavonoid
  • 5-hydroxyflavonoid
  • 7-hydroxyflavonoid
  • Hydroxyflavonoid
  • Chromone
  • Benzopyran
  • 1-benzopyran
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Pyranone
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Pyran
  • Benzenoid
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous acid
  • Polyol
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Oxacycle
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Industrial applicationBiological role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point285 - 287 °CNot Available
Boiling Point582.00 to 583.00 °C. @ 860.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility1191 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP2.685 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Baker165.9230932474
[M-H]-MetCCS_train_neg160.32330932474
[M+H]+Baker165.98730932474
[M+H]+MetCCS_train_pos162.85730932474
[M-H]-Not Available163.1http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000439
[M+H]+Not Available164.7http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000439
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Colorectal cancer
  1. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB01852
Phenol Explorer Compound ID290
FooDB IDFDB000633
KNApSAcK IDC00004565
Chemspider ID4444395
KEGG Compound IDC05903
BioCyc IDCPD1F-90
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia Linkkaempferol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5280863
PDB IDKMP
ChEBI ID28499
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDMDB00000473
Good Scents IDrw1588991
References
Synthesis ReferenceWuth, B. Indigo Yellow. Faerber-Zeitung (1912), 22 343-5. CODEN: FAZTAZ CAN 6:966 AN 1912:966
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.
Gene Name:
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID:
P22309
Molecular weight:
59590.91
Reactions
Kaempferol → 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[4-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)phenoxy]oxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Kaempferol → 6-{[3,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-5-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Kaempferol → 6-{[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Kaempferol → Kaempferol 3-glucuronidedetails