Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2007-01-23 13:01:01 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:29 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0005806 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | gamma-Terpinene |
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Description | gamma-Terpinene, also known as 1,4-p-menthadiene or crithmene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as branched unsaturated hydrocarbons. These are hydrocarbons that contains one or more unsaturated carbon atoms, and an aliphatic branch. Thus, gamma-terpinene is considered to be an isoprenoid. gamma-Terpinene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to plants to humans. gamma-Terpinene is a bitter, gasoline, and herbal tasting compound. gamma-Terpinene is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cumins (Cuminum cyminum), caraways (Carum carvi), and winter savories (Satureja montana) and in a lower concentration in rosemaries (Rosmarinus officinalis), pot marjorams (Origanum onites), and carrots (Daucus carota ssp. sativus). gamma-Terpinene has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as evergreen blackberries (Rubus laciniatus), orange bell peppers (Capsicum annuum), tarragons (Artemisia dracunculus), saffrons (Crocus sativus), and pepper (spice). This could make gamma-terpinene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. gamma-Terpinene is a secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on gamma-Terpinene. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,7-8H,5-6H2,1-3H3 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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1,4-p-Menthadiene | ChEBI | 1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene | ChEBI | 1-Isopropyl-4-methylcyclohexa-1,4-diene | ChEBI | 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene | ChEBI | 1-Methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,4-diene | ChEBI | 4-Isopropyl-1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene | ChEBI | Crithmene | ChEBI | Moslene | ChEBI | p-Mentha-1,4-diene | ChEBI | g-Terpinene | Generator | Γ-terpinene | Generator | 1-Methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene | HMDB | alpha Terpinene | HMDB | gamma Terpinene | HMDB | gamma-Terpinen | HMDB | Terpinene | HMDB | 1-Methyl-4-isopropyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene | PhytoBank | gamma-Terpinene | PhytoBank | γ-Terpinen | PhytoBank |
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Chemical Formula | C10H16 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 136.238 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 136.125200515 |
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IUPAC Name | 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene |
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Traditional Name | α terpinene |
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CAS Registry Number | 99-85-4 |
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SMILES | CC(C)C1=CCC(C)=CC1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,7-8H,5-6H2,1-3H3 |
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InChI Key | YKFLAYDHMOASIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as branched unsaturated hydrocarbons. These are hydrocarbons that contains one or more unsaturated carbon atoms, and an aliphatic branch. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Hydrocarbons |
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Class | Unsaturated hydrocarbons |
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Sub Class | Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons |
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Direct Parent | Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Cyclic olefin
- Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
- Olefin
- Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | |
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Disposition | |
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Process | |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Liquid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | -10 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | 181.00 to 183.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg | The Good Scents Company Information System | Water Solubility | 0.0087 mg/mL at 22 °C | Not Available | LogP | 4.50 | LI,J & PERDUE,EM (1995) |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9200000000-b05d52aa0731550051f6 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9400000000-a5cb265912cd3b36ec3f | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9500000000-2b0e829aa7638afa325e | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9200000000-b05d52aa0731550051f6 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9400000000-a5cb265912cd3b36ec3f | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9500000000-2b0e829aa7638afa325e | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene GC-EI-Q (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9200000000-85beacebb887bcf22446 | 2020-07-08 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0006-9300000000-78ed493eae24d7cd7247 | 2016-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-0006-9300000000-97923633c0b05f03274f | 2014-09-20 | Not Available | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0019-8900000000-4f8f18604be188d356c8 | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-015c-9000000000-7cd3ebd6c5315af11ec5 | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-002f-9000000000-796d72dfa199c02320d2 | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene EI-B (HITACHI M-80B) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9200000000-ddf6ab2c599f6a3a0e04 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9400000000-701e197e734bd825ea09 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9500000000-156890c59245ff11b54d | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene LC-Q-TOF/MS 25V, negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-98cfc7dd6d4b6ccbba0b | 2020-07-21 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene LC-Q-TOF/MS 30V, negative-QTOF | splash10-0019-2900000000-898e1880d94396f2ba76 | 2020-07-21 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-2900000000-7132f17a85333e784956 | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-9700000000-f4bee8ac3721685bb606 | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-1000-9100000000-dbeffc46ec6acbacb6ef | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-545d284bbb3189d5973d | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-838b737755ef4340d8a2 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00ku-6900000000-6351b5255caae6105b15 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000m-9500000000-380389192d752a66b55d | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0036-9000000000-6d366a78065dacee15ff | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00mo-9000000000-ce8dcdbeb3aaa0e18205 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-a013b4ae27f975ab5621 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-a013b4ae27f975ab5621 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - gamma-Terpinene 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00kf-9600000000-571ac1102d9ec6dc4852 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | |
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Biospecimen Locations | |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Diarrhea-predominant IBS | | details | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Breast cancer | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
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- Raman M, Ahmed I, Gillevet PM, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM, Smith S, Greenwood R, Sikaroodi M, Lam V, Crotty P, Bailey J, Myers RP, Rioux KP: Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jul;11(7):868-75.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed:23454028 ]
| Diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome |
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- Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello Bde L, Ratcliffe NM, Probert CS: An investigation of fecal volatile organic metabolites in irritable bowel syndrome. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58204. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058204. Epub 2013 Mar 13. [PubMed:23516449 ]
| Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment |
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- Silva CL, Passos M, Camara JS: Solid phase microextraction, mass spectrometry and metabolomic approaches for detection of potential urinary cancer biomarkers--a powerful strategy for breast cancer diagnosis. Talanta. 2012 Jan 30;89:360-8. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.041. Epub 2011 Dec 22. [PubMed:22284503 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | None |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB015968 |
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KNApSAcK ID | C00003061 |
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Chemspider ID | 7181 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C09900 |
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BioCyc ID | CPD-8736 |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Terpinene |
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METLIN ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound | 7461 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 10577 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | rw1017031 |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Richter, Friedrich; Wolff, Werner; Presting, W. g-Terpinene. II. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft [Abteilung] B: Abhandlungen (1930), 63B 1714-21. CODEN: BDCBAD ISSN:0365-9488. CAN 24:46537 AN 1930:46537 |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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General References | Not Available |
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