| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2007-05-23 14:25:36 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:32 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0006525 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | (+)-alpha-Pinene |
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| Description | alpha-Pinene (CAS: 80-56-8) is an organic compound of the terpene class and is one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature. 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil (Wikipedia ). |
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| Structure | CC1=CC[C@@H]2C[C@H]1C2(C)C InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-6-9(7)10(8,2)3/h4,8-9H,5-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,9-/m1/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| (+)-3,6,6-TRIMETHYLBICYCLO[3.1.1]hept-2-ene | ChEBI | | (1R,5R)-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene | ChEBI | | (1R,5R)-alpha-Pinene | ChEBI | | alpha-Pinene(dextro) | ChEBI | | (1R,5R)-a-Pinene | Generator | | (1R,5R)-Α-pinene | Generator | | a-Pinene(dextro) | Generator | | Α-pinene(dextro) | Generator | | (+)-a-Pinene | Generator | | (+)-Α-pinene | Generator | | (+)-(1R)-alpha-Pinene | HMDB | | (+)-(1R)-α-Pinene | HMDB | | (+)-(1R,5R)-alpha-Pinene | HMDB | | (+)-(1R,5R)-α-Pinene | HMDB | | (+)-2-Pinene | HMDB | | (+)-alpha-Pinene | HMDB | | (1R)-(+)-alpha-Pinene | HMDB | | (1R)-(+)-α-Pinene | HMDB | | (1R)-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene | HMDB | | (1R)-alpha-Pinene | HMDB | | (1R)-α-Pinene | HMDB | | (1R,5R)-(+)-alpha-Pinene | HMDB | | (1R,5R)-(+)-α-Pinene | HMDB | | (R)-(+)-alpha-Pinene | HMDB | | (R)-(+)-α-Pinene | HMDB | | (±)-2-Pinene | HMDB | | (±)-alpha-Pinene | HMDB | | (±)-α-Pinene | HMDB | | 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene | HMDB | | 2-Pinene | HMDB | | alpha-Pinene | HMDB | | α-Pinene | HMDB | | (1R,5R)-(+)-2-Pinene | PhytoBank | | d-alpha-Pinene | PhytoBank | | d-α-Pinene | PhytoBank |
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| Chemical Formula | C10H16 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 136.234 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 136.125200512 |
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| IUPAC Name | (1R,5R)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene |
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| Traditional Name | (+)-α-pinene |
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| CAS Registry Number | 7785-70-8 |
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| SMILES | CC1=CC[C@@H]2C[C@H]1C2(C)C |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-6-9(7)10(8,2)3/h4,8-9H,5-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,9-/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-RKDXNWHRSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Prenol lipids |
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| Sub Class | Monoterpenoids |
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| Direct Parent | Bicyclic monoterpenoids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Pinane monoterpenoid
- Bicyclic monoterpenoid
- Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Polycyclic hydrocarbon
- Cyclic olefin
- Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
- Unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Olefin
- Hydrocarbon
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Liquid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 4.81 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 15.8275 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.46 minutes | 32390414 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2090.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 593.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 208.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 343.4 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 270.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 557.8 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 719.7 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 138.6 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1208.5 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 423.7 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1220.7 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 430.9 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 395.1 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 481.5 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 545.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 23.8 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| Spectra |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9100000000-efa1a7d8bd0221192f0d | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9100000000-efa1a7d8bd0221192f0d | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0079-1900000000-7a79889acc60a4543bcf | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-89e84f859d8f1f97d5c2 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-fb8d56b761aae12a505c | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00dr-0900000000-bfe7e4ba927cd83956b4 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-5e150dd4370565464dad | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-5e150dd4370565464dad | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00kr-0900000000-b5dcbaea24fd03f1cbf9 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-a013b4ae27f975ab5621 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-a013b4ae27f975ab5621 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-1a368fcdf84da3da6f72 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-32bfa268614bcd6c4f81 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0900000000-32bfa268614bcd6c4f81 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (+)-alpha-Pinene 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-05fr-0900000000-eb6403ceb156dbbc7ce8 | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | - Cytoplasm
- Extracellular
- Membrane
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 0-697455.923 nmol/g wet feces | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Diarrhea-predominant IBS | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 0-422398.0583 nmol/g wet feces | Children (1-13 years old) | Not Specified | Treated celiac disease | | details |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
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- Raman M, Ahmed I, Gillevet PM, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM, Smith S, Greenwood R, Sikaroodi M, Lam V, Crotty P, Bailey J, Myers RP, Rioux KP: Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jul;11(7):868-75.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed:23454028 ]
| | Diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome |
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- Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello Bde L, Ratcliffe NM, Probert CS: An investigation of fecal volatile organic metabolites in irritable bowel syndrome. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58204. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058204. Epub 2013 Mar 13. [PubMed:23516449 ]
| | Celiac disease |
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- Di Cagno R, De Angelis M, De Pasquale I, Ndagijimana M, Vernocchi P, Ricciuti P, Gagliardi F, Laghi L, Crecchio C, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Duodenal and faecal microbiota of celiac children: molecular, phenotype and metabolome characterization. BMC Microbiol. 2011 Oct 4;11:219. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-219. [PubMed:21970810 ]
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| Associated OMIM IDs | |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | FDB013765 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00034999 |
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| Chemspider ID | 74205 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C06306 |
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| BioCyc ID | CPD-8754 |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Alpha-Pinene |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound | 82227 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 28261 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | APPNN |
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| MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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| Good Scents ID | rw1137311 |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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| General References | - Brunk E, Sahoo S, Zielinski DC, Altunkaya A, Drager A, Mih N, Gatto F, Nilsson A, Preciat Gonzalez GA, Aurich MK, Prlic A, Sastry A, Danielsdottir AD, Heinken A, Noronha A, Rose PW, Burley SK, Fleming RMT, Nielsen J, Thiele I, Palsson BO: Recon3D enables a three-dimensional view of gene variation in human metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Mar;36(3):272-281. doi: 10.1038/nbt.4072. Epub 2018 Feb 19. [PubMed:29457794 ]
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