Showing metabocard for Ganglioside GM1 (d18:0/23:0) (HMDB0011884)
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| Version | 5.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Status | Expected but not Quantified | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Creation Date | 2009-03-24 16:18:38 UTC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Update Date | 2022-11-30 19:04:04 UTC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HMDB ID | HMDB0011884 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary Accession Numbers |
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| Metabolite Identification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name | Ganglioside GM1 (d18:0/23:0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Ganglioside GM1 (d18:0/23:0) is a ganglioside. A ganglioside is a compound composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (AKA n-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. The 60+ known gangliosides differ mainly in the position and number of NANA residues. It is a component of the cell plasma membrane that modulates cell signal transduction events. It appears that they concentrate in lipid rafts. They have recently been found to be highly important in immunology. Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Gangliosides are more complex glycosphingolipids in which oligosaccharide chains containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) are attached to a ceramide. NeuNAc, an acetylated derivative of the carbohydrate sialic acid, makes the head groups of Gangliosides anionic. NB: the M in GM2 stands for monosialo, i.e., one NeuNAc residue. GM2 is the second monosialo ganglioside characterized, thus the subscript 2. Their structural diversity results from variation in the composition and sequence of the sugar residues. In all Gangliosides, the ceramide is linked through its C-1 to a beta-glucosyl residue, which, in turn, is bound to a beta-galactosyl residue. (Wikipedia) Particularly, Ganglioside GM1 (d18:0/23:0) is a GM1 Ganglioside. GM1 (monosialotetrahexosylganglioside), the prototype ganglioside, is a member of the ganglio series of gangliosides which contain one sialic acid residue. GM1 has important physiological properties and impacts neuronal plasticity and repair mechanisms, and the release of neurotrophins in the brain. Besides its function in the physiology of the brain, GM1 acts as the site of binding for both Cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (Traveller's diarrhea).[1][2]Antibodies to GM1 are increased in Guillain-Barre syndrome, dementia and lupus but their function is not clear.[3] There is some evidence to suggest these antibodies are associated with diarrhea in Guillain-Barre syndrome.[4]Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids. There are four types of glycosphingolipids, the cerebrosides, sulfatides, globosides and gangliosides. Gangliosides are very similar to globosides except that they also contain N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) in varying amounts. The specific names for the gangliosides provide information about their structure. The letter G refers to ganglioside, and the subscripts M, D, T and Q indicate that the molecule contains mono-, di-, tri and quatra-sialic acid. The numbered subscripts 1, 2 and 3 refer to the carbohydrate sequence that is attached to the ceramide. In particular, 1 stands for GalGalNAcGalGlc-ceramide, 2 stands for GalNAcGalGlc-ceramide and 3 stands for GalGlc-ceramide. Deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes that degrade the carbohydrate portions of various gangliosides are responsible for a number of lysosomal storage diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and GM1 gangliosidosis. The carbohydrate portion of the ganglioside GM1 is the site of attachment of cholera toxin, the protein secreted by Vibrio cholerae. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structure | Structure for HMDB0011884 (Ganglioside GM1 (d18:0/23:0))
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| Synonyms |
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| Chemical Formula | C79H144N2O31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average Molecular Weight | 1617.9835 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 1616.9753059 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IUPAC Name | (2S,4S,5R)-2-{[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-tricosanamidooctadecyl]oxy}-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxy-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-oxopropyl)-4-{[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Name | (2S,4S,5R)-2-{[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-tricosanamidooctadecyl]oxy}-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxy-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-oxopropyl)-4-{[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS Registry Number | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H]3CC(C)=O)[C@H](O[C@@]3(C[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)C(O3)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C(O)=O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C79H144N2O31/c1-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-59(92)81-51(52(89)38-36-34-32-30-28-26-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-2)47-103-75-67(99)65(97)70(57(45-85)106-75)109-77-68(100)73(112-79(78(101)102)41-53(90)60(80-49(4)88)72(111-79)61(93)54(91)42-82)71(58(46-86)107-77)110-74-50(40-48(3)87)69(63(95)56(44-84)104-74)108-76-66(98)64(96)62(94)55(43-83)105-76/h50-58,60-77,82-86,89-91,93-100H,5-47H2,1-4H3,(H,80,88)(H,81,92)(H,101,102)/t50-,51+,52-,53+,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,60-,61-,62+,63+,64+,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,70-,71+,72?,73-,74+,75-,76+,77+,79+/m1/s1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InChI Key | AHNDRCGVVOSSOL-NCTVWYLDSA-N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Taxonomy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosphingolipids. These are sphingolipids containing a saccharide moiety glycosidically attached to the sphingoid base. Although saccharide moieties are mostly O-glycosidically linked to the ceramide moiety, other sphingolipids with glycosidic bonds of other types (e.G. S-,C-, or N-type) has been reported. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kingdom | Organic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class | Sphingolipids | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sub Class | Glycosphingolipids | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct Parent | Glycosphingolipids | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative Parents |
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| Substituents |
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Descriptors | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ontology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physiological effect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposition | Biological location
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| Process | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Role | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State | Solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Molecular Properties |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predicted Molecular Properties |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesNot Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spectra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MS/MS Spectra
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| Biological Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cellular Locations |
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| Biospecimen Locations | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tissue Locations | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pathways |
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| Normal Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abnormal Concentrations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Associated Disorders and Diseases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disease References | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Associated OMIM IDs | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External Links | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DrugBank ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FooDB ID | FDB028553 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemspider ID | 35032199 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| KEGG Compound ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BioCyc ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BiGG ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia Link | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| METLIN ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PubChem Compound | 53481160 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PDB ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ChEBI ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| VMH ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MarkerDB ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Good Scents ID | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synthesis Reference | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General References |
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Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 45 proteins in total.
Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in sialyltransferase activity
- Specific function:
- Involved in the production of gangliosides GD3 and GT3 from GM3; gangliosides are a subfamily of complex glycosphinglolipds that contain one or more residues of sialic acid.
- Gene Name:
- ST8SIA1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q92185
- Molecular weight:
- 40518.655
References
- Kurz M, Brachvogel V, Matter H, Stengelin S, Thuring H, Kramer W: Insights into the bile acid transportation system: the human ileal lipid-binding protein-cholyltaurine complex and its comparison with homologous structures. Proteins. 2003 Feb 1;50(2):312-28. [PubMed:12486725 ]
- General function:
- Involved in exo-alpha-sialidase activity
- Specific function:
- Plays a role in modulating the ganglioside content of the lipid bilayer at the level of membrane-bound sialyl glycoconjugates
- Gene Name:
- NEU3
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9UQ49
- Molecular weight:
- 48251.5
References
- Kurz M, Brachvogel V, Matter H, Stengelin S, Thuring H, Kramer W: Insights into the bile acid transportation system: the human ileal lipid-binding protein-cholyltaurine complex and its comparison with homologous structures. Proteins. 2003 Feb 1;50(2):312-28. [PubMed:12486725 ]
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- Catalyzes the formation of some glycolipid via the addition of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) in alpha-1,3-linkage to some substrate. Glycolipids probably serve for adherence of some pathogens
- Gene Name:
- GBGT1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q8N5D6
- Molecular weight:
- 40126.9
- General function:
- Involved in N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol de
- Specific function:
- Involved in the second step of GPI biosynthesis. De-N-acetylation of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol.
- Gene Name:
- PIGL
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9Y2B2
- Molecular weight:
- 28530.965
- General function:
- Involved in sialyltransferase activity
- Specific function:
- Catalyzes the formation of ganglioside GM3 (alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1, 4-beta-D-glucosylceramide).
- Gene Name:
- ST3GAL5
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9UNP4
- Molecular weight:
- 45584.69
References
- Kurz M, Brachvogel V, Matter H, Stengelin S, Thuring H, Kramer W: Insights into the bile acid transportation system: the human ileal lipid-binding protein-cholyltaurine complex and its comparison with homologous structures. Proteins. 2003 Feb 1;50(2):312-28. [PubMed:12486725 ]
- General function:
- Involved in phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
- Specific function:
- Part of the complex catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol, the first step of GPI biosynthesis.
- Gene Name:
- PIGQ
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9BRB3
- Molecular weight:
- 65343.25
- General function:
- Involved in biosynthetic process
- Specific function:
- Necessary for the synthesis of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol, the very early intermediate in GPI-anchor biosynthesis.
- Gene Name:
- PIGA
- Uniprot ID:
- P37287
- Molecular weight:
- 54126.065
- General function:
- Involved in phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltr
- Specific function:
- Part of the complex catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol, the first step of GPI biosynthesis.
- Gene Name:
- PIGH
- Uniprot ID:
- Q14442
- Molecular weight:
- 21080.415
- General function:
- Involved in phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltr
- Specific function:
- Part of the complex catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol, the first step of GPI biosynthesis.
- Gene Name:
- PIGP
- Uniprot ID:
- P57054
- Molecular weight:
- 18089.055
- General function:
- Involved in phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
- Specific function:
- Part of the complex catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol, the first step of GPI biosynthesis.
- Gene Name:
- PIGC
- Uniprot ID:
- Q92535
- Molecular weight:
- 33582.18
Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 45 proteins in total.