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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:34 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014327
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14327
Metabolite Identification
Common NameBaclofen
DescriptionBaclofen is a gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) derivative used as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Baclofen stimulates GABA-B receptors leading to decreased frequency and amplitude of muscle spasms. It is especially useful in treating muscle spasticity associated with spinal cord injury. It appears to act primarily at the spinal cord level by inhibiting spinal polysynaptic afferent pathways and, to a lesser extent, monosynaptic afferent pathways.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC10H12ClNO2
Average Molecular Weight213.661
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight213.05565634
IUPAC Name4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid
Traditional Namebaclofen
CAS Registry Number1134-47-0
SMILES
NCC(CC(O)=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C10H12ClNO2/c11-9-3-1-7(2-4-9)8(6-12)5-10(13)14/h1-4,8H,5-6,12H2,(H,13,14)
InChI KeyKPYSYYIEGFHWSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentGamma amino acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Gamma amino acid or derivatives
  • 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
  • Amino fatty acid
  • Chlorobenzene
  • Aralkylamine
  • Halobenzene
  • Aryl chloride
  • Aryl halide
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Fatty acyl
  • Benzenoid
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point206 - 208 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.71 g/LNot Available
LogP1.3Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM149.230932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00181 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00181 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID2197
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkBaclofen
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem CompoundNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID2972
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Mezler M, Muller T, Raming K: Cloning and functional expression of GABA(B) receptors from Drosophila. Eur J Neurosci. 2001 Feb;13(3):477-86. [PubMed:11168554 ]
  2. Dzitoyeva S, Dimitrijevic N, Manev H: Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 1 mediates behavior-impairing actions of alcohol in Drosophila: adult RNA interference and pharmacological evidence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 29;100(9):5485-90. Epub 2003 Apr 11. [PubMed:12692303 ]
  3. See S, Ginzburg R: Skeletal muscle relaxants. Pharmacotherapy. 2008 Feb;28(2):207-13. doi: 10.1592/phco.28.2.207. [PubMed:18225966 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor activity
Specific function:
Isoform 1E function may be to regulate the availability of functional GABA-B-R1A/GABA-B-R2 heterodimers by competing for GABA-B-R2 dimerization. This could explain the observation that certain small molecule ligands exhibit differential affinity for central versus peripheral sites
Gene Name:
GABBR1
Uniprot ID:
Q9UBS5
Molecular weight:
108319.4
References
  1. Bowery NG: GABAB receptor pharmacology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1993;33:109-47. [PubMed:8388192 ]
  2. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  3. Garcia-Gil L, de Miguel R, Romero J, Perez A, Ramos JA, Fernandez-Ruiz JJ: Perinatal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure augmented the magnitude of motor inhibition caused by GABA(B), but not GABA(A), receptor agonists in adult rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1999 May-Jun;21(3):277-83. [PubMed:10386831 ]
  4. Lehmann A: GABAB receptors as drug targets to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jun;122(3):239-45. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.02.008. Epub 2009 Mar 19. [PubMed:19303900 ]
  5. Motalli R, Louvel J, Tancredi V, Kurcewicz I, Wan-Chow-Wah D, Pumain R, Avoli M: GABA(B) receptor activation promotes seizure activity in the juvenile rat hippocampus. J Neurophysiol. 1999 Aug;82(2):638-47. [PubMed:10444662 ]
  6. Mott DD, Li Q, Okazaki MM, Turner DA, Lewis DV: GABAB-Receptor-mediated currents in interneurons of the dentate-hilus border. J Neurophysiol. 1999 Sep;82(3):1438-50. [PubMed:10482760 ]
  7. Ogasawara T, Itoh Y, Tamura M, Mushiroi T, Ukai Y, Kise M, Kimura K: Involvement of cholinergic and GABAergic systems in the reversal of memory disruption by NS-105, a cognition enhancer. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1999 Sep;64(1):41-52. [PubMed:10494996 ]
  8. Pittman QJ: The action is at the terminal. J Physiol. 1999 Nov 1;520 Pt 3:629. [PubMed:10545129 ]
  9. Stringer JL, Lorenzo N: The reduction in paired-pulse inhibition in the rat hippocampus by gabapentin is independent of GABA(B) receptor receptor activation. Epilepsy Res. 1999 Feb;33(2-3):169-76. [PubMed:10094428 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor activity
Specific function:
Receptor for GABA. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G-proteins that inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity, stimulates phospholipase A2, activates potassium channels, inactivates voltage-dependent calcium-channels and modulates inositol phospholipids hydrolysis. Plays a critical role in the fine-tuning of inhibitory synaptic transmission. Pre-synaptic GABA-B-R inhibit neurotransmitter release by down-regulating high- voltage activated calcium channels, whereas postsynaptic GABA-B-R decrease neuronal excitability by activating a prominent inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) conductance that underlies the late inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. Not only implicated in synaptic inhibition but also in hippocampal long-term potentiation, slow wave sleep, muscle relaxation and antinociception
Gene Name:
GABBR2
Uniprot ID:
O75899
Molecular weight:
105820.5
References
  1. Belley M, Sullivan R, Reeves A, Evans J, O'Neill G, Ng GY: Synthesis of the nanomolar photoaffinity GABA(B) receptor ligand CGP 71872 reveals diversity in the tissue distribution of GABA(B) receptor forms. Bioorg Med Chem. 1999 Dec;7(12):2697-704. [PubMed:10658574 ]
  2. Braun M, Wendt A, Buschard K, Salehi A, Sewing S, Gromada J, Rorsman P: GABAB receptor activation inhibits exocytosis in rat pancreatic beta-cells by G-protein-dependent activation of calcineurin. J Physiol. 2004 Sep 1;559(Pt 2):397-409. Epub 2004 Jul 2. [PubMed:15235087 ]
  3. Bowery NG: GABAB receptor pharmacology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1993;33:109-47. [PubMed:8388192 ]
  4. Filippov AK, Couve A, Pangalos MN, Walsh FS, Brown DA, Moss SJ: Heteromeric assembly of GABA(B)R1 and GABA(B)R2 receptor subunits inhibits Ca(2+) current in sympathetic neurons. J Neurosci. 2000 Apr 15;20(8):2867-74. [PubMed:10751439 ]
  5. Lehmann A: GABAB receptors as drug targets to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jun;122(3):239-45. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.02.008. Epub 2009 Mar 19. [PubMed:19303900 ]
  6. Martin SC, Russek SJ, Farb DH: Molecular identification of the human GABABR2: cell surface expression and coupling to adenylyl cyclase in the absence of GABABR1. Mol Cell Neurosci. 1999 Mar;13(3):180-91. [PubMed:10328880 ]
  7. Pittman QJ: The action is at the terminal. J Physiol. 1999 Nov 1;520 Pt 3:629. [PubMed:10545129 ]