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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:18:09 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014378
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14378
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAminosalicylic Acid
DescriptionAminosalicylic Acid is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antitubercular agent often administered in association with isoniazid. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid. [PubChem]There are two mechanisms responsible for aminosalicylic acid's bacteriostatic action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Firstly, aminosalicylic acid inhibits folic acid synthesis (without potentiation with antifolic compounds). The binding of para-aminobenzoic acid to pteridine synthetase acts as the first step in folic acid synthesis. Aminosalicylic acid binds pteridine synthetase with greater affinity than para-aminobenzoic acid, effectively inhibiting the synthesis of folic acid. As bacteria are unable to use external sources of folic acid, cell growth and multiplication slows. Secondly, aminosalicylic acid may inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall component, mycobactin, thus reducing iron uptake by M. tuberculosis.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC7H7NO3
Average Molecular Weight153.1354
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight153.042593095
IUPAC Name4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
Traditional Nameaminosalicylic acid
CAS Registry Number65-49-6
SMILES
NC1=CC(O)=C(C=C1)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C7H7NO3/c8-4-1-2-5(7(10)11)6(9)3-4/h1-3,9H,8H2,(H,10,11)
InChI KeyWUBBRNOQWQTFEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aminosalicylic acids. These are salicylic acids carrying an amino group on the benzene ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassBenzoic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentAminosalicylic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 4-aminosalicylic acid
  • Aminosalicylic acid
  • Salicylic acid
  • Aminobenzoic acid or derivatives
  • Aminobenzoic acid
  • Benzoic acid
  • Aniline or substituted anilines
  • M-aminophenol
  • Aminophenol
  • Benzoyl
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Vinylogous acid
  • Amino acid
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point150.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility11.8 g/LNot Available
LogP1.6Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00233 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00233 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00233
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4488
KEGG Compound IDC02518
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAminosalicylic_Acid
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound4649
PDB IDBHA
ChEBI ID27565
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Specific function:
PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Has a preference for arachidonic-containing phospholipids.
Gene Name:
PLA2G2E
Uniprot ID:
Q9NZK7
Molecular weight:
15988.525
References
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]
General function:
Involved in peroxidase activity
Specific function:
Part of the host defense system of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It is responsible for microbicidal activity against a wide range of organisms. In the stimulated PMN, MPO catalyzes the production of hypohalous acids, primarily hypochlorous acid in physiologic situations, and other toxic intermediates that greatly enhance PMN microbicidal activity.
Gene Name:
MPO
Uniprot ID:
P05164
Molecular weight:
83867.71
References
  1. von Ritter C, Grisham MB, Granger DN: Sulfasalazine metabolites and dapsone attenuate formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced mucosal injury in rat ileum. Gastroenterology. 1989 Mar;96(3):811-6. [PubMed:2563347 ]
  2. Gorgulu S, Yagci G, Kaymakcioglu N, Ozkara M, Kurt B, Ozcan A, Kaya O, Sadir S, Tufan T: Hyperbaric oxygen enhances the efficiency of 5-aminosalicylic acid in acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Dig Dis Sci. 2006 Mar;51(3):480-7. [PubMed:16614956 ]
General function:
Involved in metal ion binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes the first step in leukotriene biosynthesis, and thereby plays a role in inflammatory processes.
Gene Name:
ALOX5
Uniprot ID:
P09917
Molecular weight:
77982.595
References
  1. Nielsen OH, Bukhave K, Elmgreen J, Ahnfelt-Ronne I: Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in human neutrophils by sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid. Dig Dis Sci. 1987 Jun;32(6):577-82. [PubMed:2882965 ]
  2. Allgayer H, Eisenburg J, Paumgartner G: Soybean lipoxygenase inhibition: studies with the sulphasalazine metabolites N-acetylaminosalicylic acid, 5-aminosalicylic acid and sulphapyridine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1984;26(4):449-51. [PubMed:6428914 ]
  3. Sircar JC, Schwender CF, Carethers ME: Inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase by sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid: a possible mode of action in ulcerative colitis. Biochem Pharmacol. 1983 Jan 1;32(1):170-2. [PubMed:6131674 ]
General function:
Involved in peroxidase activity
Specific function:
Mediates the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonate. May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity.
Gene Name:
PTGS2
Uniprot ID:
P35354
Molecular weight:
68995.625
References
  1. Mifflin RC, Saada JI, Di Mari JF, Valentich JD, Adegboyega PA, Powell DW: Aspirin-mediated COX-2 transcript stabilization via sustained p38 activation in human intestinal myofibroblasts. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Feb;65(2):470-8. [PubMed:14742690 ]
  2. Generini S, Fiori G, Matucci Cerinic M: Therapy of spondylarthropathy in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002 Nov-Dec;20(6 Suppl 28):S88-94. [PubMed:12463455 ]
  3. Distrutti E, Sediari L, Mencarelli A, Renga B, Orlandi S, Russo G, Caliendo G, Santagada V, Cirino G, Wallace JL, Fiorucci S: 5-Amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-(5-thioxo-5H-[1,2]dithiol-3yl)-phenyl ester (ATB-429), a hydrogen sulfide-releasing derivative of mesalamine, exerts antinociceptive effects in a model of postinflammatory hypersensitivity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Oct;319(1):447-58. Epub 2006 Jul 19. [PubMed:16855178 ]
  4. Cipolla G, Crema F, Sacco S, Moro E, de Ponti F, Frigo G: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and inflammatory bowel disease: current perspectives. Pharmacol Res. 2002 Jul;46(1):1-6. [PubMed:12208114 ]
  5. Pruzanski W, Stefanski E, Vadas P, Ramamurthy NS: Inhibition of extracellular release of proinflammatory secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) by sulfasalazine: a novel mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997 Jun 15;53(12):1901-7. [PubMed:9256165 ]
General function:
Involved in protein kinase activity
Specific function:
Acts as part of the IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF- kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. As part of the non-canonical pathway of NF-kappa-B activation, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2/p52 and the formation of NF-kappa-B RelB-p52 complexes. Also phosphorylates NCOA3. Phosphorylates 'Ser-10' of histone H3 at NF- kappa-B-regulated promoters during inflammatory responses triggered by cytokines
Gene Name:
CHUK
Uniprot ID:
O15111
Molecular weight:
84652.9
References
  1. Bantel H, Berg C, Vieth M, Stolte M, Kruis W, Schulze-Osthoff K: Mesalazine inhibits activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB in inflamed mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Dec;95(12):3452-7. [PubMed:11151876 ]
  2. Allgayer H: Review article: mechanisms of action of mesalazine in preventing colorectal carcinoma in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Sep;18 Suppl 2:10-4. [PubMed:12950415 ]
  3. Weber CK, Liptay S, Wirth T, Adler G, Schmid RM: Suppression of NF-kappaB activity by sulfasalazine is mediated by direct inhibition of IkappaB kinases alpha and beta. Gastroenterology. 2000 Nov;119(5):1209-18. [PubMed:11054378 ]