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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:18:11 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014496
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14496
Metabolite Identification
Common NameThioguanine
DescriptionThioguanine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia. [PubChem]Thioguanine competes with hypoxanthine and guanine for the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) and is itself converted to 6-thioguanilyic acid (TGMP), which reaches high intracellular concentrations at therapeutic doses. TGMP interferes with the synthesis of guanine nucleotides by its inhibition of purine biosynthesis by pseudofeedback inhibition of glutamine-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase, the first enzyme unique to the de novo pathway of purine ribonucleotide synthesis. TGMP also inhibits the conversion of inosinic acid (IMP) to xanthylic acid (XMP) by competition for the enzyme IMP dehydrogenase. Thioguanine nucleotides are incorporated into both the DNA and the RNA by phosphodiester linkages, and some studies have shown that incorporation of such false bases contributes to the cytotoxicity of thioguanine. Its tumor inhibitory properties may be due to one or more of its effects on feedback inhibition of de novo purine synthesis; inhibition of purine nucleotide interconversions; or incorporation into the DNA and RNA. The overall result of its action is a sequential blockade of the utilization and synthesis of the purine nucleotides.
Structure
Data?1676999891
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC5H5N5S
Average Molecular Weight167.192
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight167.026565875
IUPAC Name2-amino-6,7-dihydro-3H-purine-6-thione
Traditional Namethioguanine
CAS Registry Number154-42-7
SMILES
NC1=NC(=S)C2=C(N1)N=CN2
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H5N5S/c6-5-9-3-2(4(11)10-5)7-1-8-3/h1H,(H4,6,7,8,9,10,11)
InChI KeyWYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purinethiones. These are purines in which the purine moiety bears a thioketone.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassImidazopyrimidines
Sub ClassPurines and purine derivatives
Direct ParentPurinethiones
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Purinethione
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Pyrimidinethione
  • Pyrimidine
  • Azole
  • Imidazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point> 360 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.83 g/LNot Available
LogP-0.7Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
  • Liver
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00352 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00352 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00352
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00018807
Chemspider ID2005804
KEGG Compound IDC07648
BioCyc IDCPD-5721
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkThioguanine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound2723601
PDB IDDX4
ChEBI ID9555
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. (). FDA label . .

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Converts guanine to guanosine monophosphate, and hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate. Transfers the 5-phosphoribosyl group from 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate onto the purine. Plays a central role in the generation of purine nucleotides through the purine salvage pathway.
Gene Name:
HPRT1
Uniprot ID:
P00492
Molecular weight:
24579.155
Reactions
Thioguanine + Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate → 6-Thioguanosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphatedetails
References
  1. Shivashankar K, Subbayya IN, Balaram H: Development of a bacterial screen for novel hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase substrates. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001 Oct;3(4):557-62. [PubMed:11545274 ]
  2. Horikawa K, Kawaguchi T, Ishihara S, Nagakura S, Hidaka M, Kagimoto T, Mitsuya H, Nakakuma H: Frequent detection of T cells with mutations of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood. 2002 Jan 1;99(1):24-9. [PubMed:11756148 ]
  3. Fuscoe JC, Zimmerman LJ, Fekete A, Setzer RW, Rossiter BJ: Analysis of X-ray-induced HPRT mutations in CHO cells: insertion and deletions. Mutat Res. 1992 Oct;269(2):171-83. [PubMed:1383700 ]
  4. Elgemeie GH: Thioguanine, mercaptopurine: their analogs and nucleosides as antimetabolites. Curr Pharm Des. 2003;9(31):2627-42. [PubMed:14529546 ]
  5. Suzuki M, Tsuruoka C, Kanai T, Kato T, Yatagai F, Watanabe M: Qualitative and quantitative difference in mutation induction between carbon- and neon-ion beams in normal human cells. Biol Sci Space. 2003 Dec;17(4):302-6. [PubMed:15136753 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
May be an organic anion pump relevant to cellular detoxification
Gene Name:
ABCC4
Uniprot ID:
O15439
Molecular weight:
149525.3
References
  1. Bai J, Lai L, Yeo HC, Goh BC, Tan TM: Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) mediates efflux of bimane-glutathione. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Feb;36(2):247-57. [PubMed:14643890 ]