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Showing metabocard for Carbachol (HMDB0014555)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:39 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014555
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14555
Metabolite Identification
Common NameCarbachol
DescriptionCarbachol, also known as miostat or carbastat, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carbamate esters. Carbamate esters are compounds containing an ester of carbamic acid with the general structure R2NC(=O)OR' (R' not H). They are esters of carbamic acids. Carbachol is an extremely weak acidic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Carbachol is a potentially toxic compound. Carbachol is a parasympathomimetic that stimulates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. In topical ocular and intraocular administration its principal effects are miosis and increased aqueous humour outflow. Carbachol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a slowly hydrolyzed cholinergic agonist that acts at both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
Structure
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MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0014555 (Carbachol)

  Mrv1652306061823202D          

 10  9  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.4125    3.5724    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8250    2.8579    0.0000 N   0  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1105    2.4454    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5395    3.2704    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2375    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8250    1.4289    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2375    0.7145    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8250    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2375   -0.7145    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.0000    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  2  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  1  0  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
  8 10  2  0  0  0  0
M  CHG  1   2   1
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0014555 (Carbachol)

HMDB0014555
     RDKit          3D
Carbachol
 25 24  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.6670   -1.1101   -0.7879 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3219    0.1736   -0.2134 N   0  0  0  0  0  4  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9276    0.2330    1.0983 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8721    1.2532   -1.0094 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1151    0.3749   -0.1561 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7564   -0.2896    1.0072 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1265   -0.0712    1.0238 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0165   -0.4572    0.0430 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.4137   -0.1851    0.1466 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5604   -1.0620   -0.9560 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4103   -1.9033   -0.0434 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7613   -1.1083   -0.9738 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1695   -1.2636   -1.7614 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6248   -0.6930    1.6594 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0269    0.2017    0.9581 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6857    1.1427    1.6577 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9437    1.0674   -1.2158 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7025    2.2079   -0.4713 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3655    1.2750   -2.0059 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2522    1.4879   -0.0414 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5326    0.0283   -1.1079 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3386    0.2009    1.9359 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4668   -1.3560    1.1092 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.0697   -0.8059    0.6690 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8301    0.6587   -0.3053 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  2  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  8 10  2  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  1 13  1  0
  3 14  1  0
  3 15  1  0
  3 16  1  0
  4 17  1  0
  4 18  1  0
  4 19  1  0
  5 20  1  0
  5 21  1  0
  6 22  1  0
  6 23  1  0
  9 24  1  0
  9 25  1  0
M  CHG  1   2   1
M  END
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3D SDF for HMDB0014555 (Carbachol)

  Mrv1652306061823202D          

 10  9  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.4125    3.5724    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8250    2.8579    0.0000 N   0  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1105    2.4454    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5395    3.2704    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2375    2.1434    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8250    1.4289    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2375    0.7145    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8250    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2375   -0.7145    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.0000    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  2  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  1  0  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
  8 10  2  0  0  0  0
M  CHG  1   2   1
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0014555

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(N)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c1-8(2,3)4-5-10-6(7)9/h4-5H2,1-3H3,(H-,7,9)/p+1

> <INCHI_KEY>
VPJXQGSRWJZDOB-UHFFFAOYSA-O

> <FORMULA>
C6H15N2O2

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
147.1955

> <EXACT_MASS>
147.113352734

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
25

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
16.07958335689495

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
1

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl carbamate

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-2.95

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-4.554689286138412

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-2.41

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
1

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
15.226035634583454

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
52.32

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
50.022200000000005

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
4

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
7.06e-01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
lentine

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
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3D-SDF for HMDB0014555 (Carbachol)

HMDB0014555
     RDKit          3D
Carbachol
 25 24  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.6670   -1.1101   -0.7879 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3219    0.1736   -0.2134 N   0  0  0  0  0  4  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9276    0.2330    1.0983 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8721    1.2532   -1.0094 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1151    0.3749   -0.1561 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7564   -0.2896    1.0072 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1265   -0.0712    1.0238 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0165   -0.4572    0.0430 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.4137   -0.1851    0.1466 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5604   -1.0620   -0.9560 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4103   -1.9033   -0.0434 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.7613   -1.1083   -0.9738 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1695   -1.2636   -1.7614 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6248   -0.6930    1.6594 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0269    0.2017    0.9581 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6857    1.1427    1.6577 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9437    1.0674   -1.2158 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7025    2.2079   -0.4713 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3655    1.2750   -2.0059 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2522    1.4879   -0.0414 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5326    0.0283   -1.1079 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3386    0.2009    1.9359 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4668   -1.3560    1.1092 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.0697   -0.8059    0.6690 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.8301    0.6587   -0.3053 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  2  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  8 10  2  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  1 13  1  0
  3 14  1  0
  3 15  1  0
  3 16  1  0
  4 17  1  0
  4 18  1  0
  4 19  1  0
  5 20  1  0
  5 21  1  0
  6 22  1  0
  6 23  1  0
  9 24  1  0
  9 25  1  0
M  CHG  1   2   1
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0014555 (Carbachol)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 06-JUN-18   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   06-JUN-18         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0       0.770   6.668   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  N   UNK     0       1.540   5.335   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+1
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       0.206   4.565   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0       2.874   6.105   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       2.310   4.001   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0       1.540   2.667   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  O   UNK     0       2.310   1.334   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0       1.540   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  N   UNK     0       2.310  -1.334   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0       0.000   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2                                                            
CONECT    2    1    3    4    5                                             
CONECT    3    2                                                            
CONECT    4    2                                                            
CONECT    5    2    6                                                       
CONECT    6    5    7                                                       
CONECT    7    6    8                                                       
CONECT    8    7    9   10                                                  
CONECT    9    8                                                            
CONECT   10    8                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10    0   18    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0014555 (Carbachol)

COMPND    HMDB0014555
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1      -1.667  -1.110  -0.788  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  N1  UNL     1      -1.322   0.174  -0.213  1.00  0.00           N1+
HETATM    3  C2  UNL     1      -1.928   0.233   1.098  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C3  UNL     1      -1.872   1.253  -1.009  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C4  UNL     1       0.115   0.375  -0.156  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C5  UNL     1       0.756  -0.290   1.007  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  O1  UNL     1       2.126  -0.071   1.024  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    8  C6  UNL     1       3.017  -0.457   0.043  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  N2  UNL     1       4.414  -0.185   0.147  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM   10  O2  UNL     1       2.560  -1.062  -0.956  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   11  H1  UNL     1      -1.410  -1.903  -0.043  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H2  UNL     1      -2.761  -1.108  -0.974  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H3  UNL     1      -1.169  -1.264  -1.761  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H4  UNL     1      -1.625  -0.693   1.659  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H5  UNL     1      -3.027   0.202   0.958  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H6  UNL     1      -1.686   1.143   1.658  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H7  UNL     1      -2.944   1.067  -1.216  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H8  UNL     1      -1.702   2.208  -0.471  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   19  H9  UNL     1      -1.366   1.275  -2.006  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   20  H10 UNL     1       0.252   1.488  -0.041  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   21  H11 UNL     1       0.533   0.028  -1.108  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   22  H12 UNL     1       0.339   0.201   1.936  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   23  H13 UNL     1       0.467  -1.356   1.109  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   24  H14 UNL     1       5.070  -0.806   0.669  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   25  H15 UNL     1       4.830   0.659  -0.305  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   11   12   13
CONECT    2    3    4    5
CONECT    3   14   15   16
CONECT    4   17   18   19
CONECT    5    6   20   21
CONECT    6    7   22   23
CONECT    7    8
CONECT    8    9   10   10
CONECT    9   24   25
END
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SMILES for HMDB0014555 (Carbachol)

C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(N)=O
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INCHI for HMDB0014555 (Carbachol)

InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c1-8(2,3)4-5-10-6(7)9/h4-5H2,1-3H3,(H-,7,9)/p+1
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
MiostatHMDB
CarbastatHMDB
CarbocholineMeSH
CarbopticMeSH
CarbamoylcholineMeSH
Carbachol, isoptoMeSH
Isopto carbacholMeSH
CarbacholineMeSH
CarbamannMeSH
JestrylMeSH
DorylMeSH
CarbacholChEMBL, MeSH
CarbamylcholineMeSH
Chemical FormulaC6H15N2O2
Average Molecular Weight147.1955
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight147.113352734
IUPAC Name2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl carbamate
Traditional Namelentine
CAS Registry Number51-83-2
SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(N)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c1-8(2,3)4-5-10-6(7)9/h4-5H2,1-3H3,(H-,7,9)/p+1
InChI KeyVPJXQGSRWJZDOB-UHFFFAOYSA-O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carbamate esters. Carbamate esters are compounds containing an ester of carbamic acid with the general structure R2NC(=O)OR' (R' not H). They are esters of carbamic acids.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentCarbamate esters
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Quaternary ammonium salt
  • Carbamic acid ester
  • Tetraalkylammonium salt
  • Carbonic acid derivative
  • Amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic salt
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic cation
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point210 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.95 g/LNot Available
LogP-3.78Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00411 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00411 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkCarbachol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound2551
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Cytosolic phospholipase A2
General function:
Involved in metabolic process
Specific function:
Selectively hydrolyzes arachidonyl phospholipids in the sn-2 position releasing arachidonic acid. Together with its lysophospholipid activity, it is implicated in the initiation of the inflammatory response.
Gene Name:
PLA2G4A
Uniprot ID:
P47712
Molecular weight:
85210.19
References
  1. Konrad RJ, Jolly YC, Major C, Wolf BA: Carbachol stimulation of phospholipase A2 and insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. Biochem J. 1992 Oct 1;287 ( Pt 1):283-90. [PubMed:1417779 ]
  2. Enyedi P, Fredholm BB: Calcium-dependent enhancement by carbachol of the VIP-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in cat submandibular gland. Acta Physiol Scand. 1984 Apr;120(4):523-8. [PubMed:6091414 ]
  3. Grosfils K, Gomez F, Dehaye JP: Inhibition by mepacrine and amylase secretion from intact and permeabilized rat pancreatic acini. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 15;184(1):408-13. [PubMed:1373616 ]
  4. Ying Z, Tojo H, Nonaka Y, Okamoto M: Cloning and expression of phospholipase A2 from guinea pig gastric mucosa, its induction by carbachol and secretion in vivo. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Jul 1;215(1):91-7. [PubMed:8344290 ]
  5. Strosznajder J, Strosznajder RP: Guanine nucleotides and fluoride enhance carbachol-mediated arachidonic acid release from phosphatidylinositol. Evidence for involvement of GTP-binding protein in phospholipase A2 activation. J Lipid Mediat. 1989 Jul-Aug;1(4):217-29. [PubMed:2519894 ]
  6. Hirasawa N, Santini F, Beaven MA: Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/cytosolic phospholipase A2 pathway in a rat mast cell line. Indications of different pathways for release of arachidonic acid and secretory granules. J Immunol. 1995 May 15;154(10):5391-402. [PubMed:7730640 ]
  7. Strosznajder J, Samochocki M: Carbachol-stimulated release of arachidonic acid and eicosanoids from brain cortex synaptoneurosome lipids of adult and aged rats. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1992;318:251-8. [PubMed:1636494 ]
Enzyme Details
2. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover
Gene Name:
CHRM1
Uniprot ID:
P11229
Molecular weight:
51420.4
References
  1. Weiner DM, Goodman MW, Colpitts TM, Feddock MA, Duggento KL, Nash NR, Levey AI, Brann MR: Functional screening of drug target genes: m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor phenotypes in degenerative dementias. Am J Pharmacogenomics. 2004;4(2):119-28. [PubMed:15059034 ]
Enzyme Details
3. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition
Gene Name:
CHRM2
Uniprot ID:
P08172
Molecular weight:
51714.6
References
  1. Peter JC, Wallukat G, Tugler J, Maurice D, Roegel JC, Briand JP, Hoebeke J: Modulation of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activity with monoclonal anti-M2 receptor antibody fragments. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 31;279(53):55697-706. Epub 2004 Oct 14. [PubMed:15485827 ]
  2. May LT, Lin Y, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A: Regulation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor expression and signaling by prolonged exposure to allosteric modulators. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Jan;312(1):382-90. Epub 2004 Aug 27. [PubMed:15333678 ]
  3. Sawatzky DA, Kingham PJ, Durcan N, McLean WG, Costello RW: Eosinophil-induced release of acetylcholine from differentiated cholinergic nerve cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003 Dec;285(6):L1296-304. Epub 2003 Aug 29. [PubMed:12948933 ]
  4. Sterin-Borda L, Joensen L, Bayo-Hanza C, Esteva M, Borda E: Therapeutic use of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor peptide to prevent mice chagasic cardiac dysfunction. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2002 Dec;34(12):1645-54. [PubMed:12505062 ]
  5. Zuchner T, Schliebs R, Perez-Polo JR: Down-regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 adversely affects the expression of Alzheimer's disease-relevant genes and proteins. J Neurochem. 2005 Oct;95(1):20-32. [PubMed:16181410 ]
Enzyme Details
4. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2
General function:
Involved in extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific function:
After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane
Gene Name:
CHRNA2
Uniprot ID:
Q15822
Molecular weight:
59764.8
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. An MC, Lin W, Yang J, Dominguez B, Padgett D, Sugiura Y, Aryal P, Gould TW, Oppenheim RW, Hester ME, Kaspar BK, Ko CP, Lee KF: Acetylcholine negatively regulates development of the neuromuscular junction through distinct cellular mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jun 8;107(23):10702-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1004956107. Epub 2010 May 24. [PubMed:20498043 ]
  4. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]