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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:18:14 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014634
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14634
Metabolite Identification
Common NameMiglitol
DescriptionMiglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to breakdown complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body. Miglitol inhibits glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect. Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet. In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
GlysetKegg
N-Hydroxyethyl-1-desoxy-nojirimycinHMDB
PlumarolHMDB
BAY m 1099HMDB
BAY-m 1099HMDB
BAY-m-1099HMDB
N-Hydroxyethyl-1-desoxynojirimycinHMDB
DiastabolHMDB
Lacer brand OF miglitolHMDB
Sanofi-synthelabo brand OF miglitolHMDB
Miglitol, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate salt, ((D)-isomer)HMDB
Chemical FormulaC8H17NO5
Average Molecular Weight207.2243
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight207.110672659
IUPAC Name(2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol
Traditional Namemiglitol
CAS Registry Number72432-03-2
SMILES
OCCN1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1CO
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1
InChI KeyIBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as piperidines. Piperidines are compounds containing a piperidine ring, which is a saturated aliphatic six-member ring with one nitrogen atom and five carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPiperidines
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentPiperidines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Piperidine
  • 1,2-aminoalcohol
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Tertiary amine
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Alkanolamine
  • Polyol
  • Azacycle
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point114 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility610 g/LNot Available
LogP-2.7Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00491 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00491 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00491
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID390074
KEGG Compound IDC07708
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkMiglitol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound441314
PDB IDMIG
ChEBI ID545681
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Cleaves sequentially the 2 innermost alpha-1,3-linked glucose residues from the Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide precursor of immature glycoproteins.
Gene Name:
GANAB
Uniprot ID:
Q14697
Molecular weight:
Not Available
References
  1. Fukaya N, Mochizuki K, Tanaka Y, Kumazawa T, Jiuxin Z, Fuchigami M, Goda T: The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol delays the development of diabetes and dysfunctional insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells in OLETF rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Dec 10;624(1-3):51-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.048. Epub 2009 Oct 7. [PubMed:19818342 ]
  2. Hirata A, Igarashi M, Iwai H, Tominaga M: Effect of miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, on atherogenic outcomes in balloon-injured diabetic rats. Horm Metab Res. 2009 Mar;41(3):213-20. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1105919. Epub 2008 Dec 15. [PubMed:19085811 ]
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Essential for the degradation of glygogen to glucose in lysosomes.
Gene Name:
GAA
Uniprot ID:
P10253
Molecular weight:
Not Available
References
  1. Fukaya N, Mochizuki K, Tanaka Y, Kumazawa T, Jiuxin Z, Fuchigami M, Goda T: The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol delays the development of diabetes and dysfunctional insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells in OLETF rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Dec 10;624(1-3):51-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.048. Epub 2009 Oct 7. [PubMed:19818342 ]
  2. Hirata A, Igarashi M, Iwai H, Tominaga M: Effect of miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, on atherogenic outcomes in balloon-injured diabetic rats. Horm Metab Res. 2009 Mar;41(3):213-20. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1105919. Epub 2008 Dec 15. [PubMed:19085811 ]
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
AMY2A
Uniprot ID:
P04746
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
May serve as an alternate pathway for starch digestion when luminal alpha-amylase activity is reduced because of immaturity or malnutrition. May play a unique role in the digestion of malted dietary oligosaccharides used in food manufacturing.
Gene Name:
MGAM
Uniprot ID:
O43451
Molecular weight:
Not Available
References
  1. Mooradian AD, Thurman JE: Drug therapy of postprandial hyperglycaemia. Drugs. 1999 Jan;57(1):19-29. [PubMed:9951949 ]
  2. Rossi EJ, Sim L, Kuntz DA, Hahn D, Johnston BD, Ghavami A, Szczepina MG, Kumar NS, Sterchi EE, Nichols BL, Pinto BM, Rose DR: Inhibition of recombinant human maltase glucoamylase by salacinol and derivatives. FEBS J. 2006 Jun;273(12):2673-83. [PubMed:16817895 ]
  3. Fukaya N, Mochizuki K, Tanaka Y, Kumazawa T, Jiuxin Z, Fuchigami M, Goda T: The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol delays the development of diabetes and dysfunctional insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells in OLETF rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Dec 10;624(1-3):51-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.048. Epub 2009 Oct 7. [PubMed:19818342 ]
  4. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Has alpha-glucosidase activity.
Gene Name:
GANC
Uniprot ID:
Q8TET4
Molecular weight:
Not Available
References
  1. Fukaya N, Mochizuki K, Tanaka Y, Kumazawa T, Jiuxin Z, Fuchigami M, Goda T: The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol delays the development of diabetes and dysfunctional insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells in OLETF rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Dec 10;624(1-3):51-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.048. Epub 2009 Oct 7. [PubMed:19818342 ]
  2. Hirata A, Igarashi M, Iwai H, Tominaga M: Effect of miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, on atherogenic outcomes in balloon-injured diabetic rats. Horm Metab Res. 2009 Mar;41(3):213-20. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1105919. Epub 2008 Dec 15. [PubMed:19085811 ]