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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:44 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014764
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14764
Metabolite Identification
Common NameBacitracin
DescriptionBacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic polypeptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy. Its unique name derives from the fact that the bacillus producing it was first isolated in 1943 from a knee scrape from a girl named Margaret Tracy. As a toxic and difficult-to-use antibiotic, bacitracin doesn't work well orally. However, it is very effective topically. Bacitracin is synthesised via the so-called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which means that ribosomes are not involved in its synthesis.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC66H103N17O16S
Average Molecular Weight1422.693
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight1421.748941023
IUPAC Name(4R)-4-[(2S)-2-{[(4R)-2-[(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]formamido}-4-methylpentanamido]-4-{[(1S,2S)-1-{[(3S,6R,9S,12R,15S,18R,21S)-18-(3-aminopropyl)-12-benzyl-15-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-6-(carboxymethyl)-9-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptaazacyclopentacosan-21-yl]carbamoyl}-2-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}butanoic acid
Traditional Namebaciguent
CAS Registry Number1405-87-4
SMILES
CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C1=N[C@@H](CS1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@H]1CCCCNC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CNC=N2)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](CCCN)NC1=O)[C@@H](C)CC
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C66H103N17O16S/c1-9-35(6)52(69)66-81-48(32-100-66)63(97)76-43(26-34(4)5)59(93)74-42(22-23-50(85)86)58(92)83-53(36(7)10-2)64(98)75-40-20-15-16-25-71-55(89)46(29-49(68)84)78-62(96)47(30-51(87)88)79-61(95)45(28-39-31-70-33-72-39)77-60(94)44(27-38-18-13-12-14-19-38)80-65(99)54(37(8)11-3)82-57(91)41(21-17-24-67)73-56(40)90/h12-14,18-19,31,33-37,40-48,52-54H,9-11,15-17,20-30,32,67,69H2,1-8H3,(H2,68,84)(H,70,72)(H,71,89)(H,73,90)(H,74,93)(H,75,98)(H,76,97)(H,77,94)(H,78,96)(H,79,95)(H,80,99)(H,82,91)(H,83,92)(H,85,86)(H,87,88)/t35-,36-,37-,40-,41+,42+,43-,44+,45-,46-,47+,48-,52-,53-,54-/m0/s1
InChI KeyCLKOFPXJLQSYAH-ABRJDSQDSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as polypeptides. These are peptides containing ten or more amino acid residues.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic Polymers
ClassPolypeptides
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentPolypeptides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Polypeptide
  • Cyclic alpha peptide
  • Glutamic acid or derivatives
  • Leucine or derivatives
  • Isoleucine or derivatives
  • Macrolactam
  • N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid amide
  • N-substituted-alpha-amino acid
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative
  • Thiazolecarboxamide
  • Fatty amide
  • N-acyl-amine
  • Benzenoid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Fatty acyl
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Imidazole
  • Azole
  • Thiazole
  • Meta-thiazoline
  • Primary carboxylic acid amide
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Amino acid
  • Lactam
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point221 - 225 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.024 g/LNot Available
LogP-0.8Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Not Available
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00626 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00626 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00626
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID9084687
KEGG Compound IDC15482
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkBacitracin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound10909430
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID35862
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Tay WM, Epperson JD, da Silva GF, Ming LJ: 1H NMR, mechanism, and mononuclear oxidative activity of the antibiotic metallopeptide bacitracin: the role of D-Glu-4, interaction with pyrophosphate moiety, DNA binding and cleavage, and bioactivity. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Apr 28;132(16):5652-61. doi: 10.1021/ja910504t. [PubMed:20359222 ]
  2. Karala AR, Ruddock LW: Bacitracin is not a specific inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase. FEBS J. 2010 Jun;277(11):2454-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07660.x. Epub 2010 Apr 30. [PubMed:20477872 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in protein binding
Specific function:
Is able to inhibit all four classes of proteinases by a unique 'trapping' mechanism. This protein has a peptide stretch, called the 'bait region' which contains specific cleavage sites for different proteinases. When a proteinase cleaves the bait region, a conformational change is induced in the protein which traps the proteinase. The entrapped enzyme remains active against low molecular weight substrates (activity against high molecular weight substrates is greatly reduced). Following cleavage in the bait region a thioester bond is hydrolyzed and mediates the covalent binding of the protein to the proteinase
Gene Name:
A2M
Uniprot ID:
P01023
Molecular weight:
163289.9
References
  1. Maxfield FR, Davies PJ, Klempner L, Willingham MC, Pastan I: Epidermal growth factor stimulation of DNA synthesis is potentiated by compounds that inhibit its clustering in coated pits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Nov;76(11):5731-5. [PubMed:42903 ]
  2. Dickson RB, Willingham MC, Pastan I: Binding and internalization of 125I-alpha 2-macroglobulin by cultured fibroblasts. J Biol Chem. 1981 Apr 10;256(7):3454-9. [PubMed:6162847 ]
  3. Dickson RB, Willingham MC, Gallo M, Pastan I: Inhibition by bacitracin of high affinity binding of 125I-alpha 2M to plasma membranes. FEBS Lett. 1981 Apr 20;126(2):265-8. [PubMed:6165617 ]
  4. Hanover JA, Cheng S, Willingham MC, Pastan IH: alpha 2-Macroglobulin binding to cultured fibroblasts. Solubilization and partial purification of binding sites. J Biol Chem. 1983 Jan 10;258(1):370-7. [PubMed:6184373 ]
  5. Gliemann J, Larsen TR, Sottrup-Jensen L: Cell association and degradation of alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin complexes in hepatocytes and adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 Mar 31;756(2):230-7. [PubMed:6187372 ]
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Plays a role in the cellular breakdown of insulin, IAPP, glucagon, bradykinin, kallidin and other peptides, and thereby plays a role in intercellular peptide signaling. Degrades amyloid formed by APP and IAPP. May play a role in the degradation and clearance of naturally secreted amyloid beta-protein by neurons and microglia
Gene Name:
IDE
Uniprot ID:
P14735
Molecular weight:
117967.5
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  2. Medina V, Kesner L, Stracher A: Purification of nonantibiotic insulinase inhibitors from bacitracin. Biochem Med Metab Biol. 1993 Apr;49(2):255-64. [PubMed:8484964 ]