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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:45 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014830
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14830
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePhentolamine
DescriptionPhentolamine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of raynaud disease and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease (PubChem). Phentolamine produces its therapeutic actions by competitively blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors (primarily excitatory responses of smooth muscle and exocrine glands), leading to a muscle relaxation and a widening of the blood vessels. This widening of the blood vessels results in a lowering of blood pressure. The action of phentolamine on the alpha adrenergic receptors is relatively transient and the blocking effect is incomplete. The drug is more effective in antagonizing responses to circulating epinephrine and/or norepinephrine than in antagonizing responses to mediator released at the adrenergic nerve ending. Phentolamine also stimulates β-adrenergic receptors and produces a positive inotropic and chronotropic effect on the heart and increases cardiac output.
Structure
Data?1582753225
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC17H19N3O
Average Molecular Weight281.3523
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight281.152812245
IUPAC Name3-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)(4-methylphenyl)amino]phenol
Traditional Namephentolamine
CAS Registry Number50-60-2
SMILES
CC1=CC=C(C=C1)N(CC1=NCCN1)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C17H19N3O/c1-13-5-7-14(8-6-13)20(12-17-18-9-10-19-17)15-3-2-4-16(21)11-15/h2-8,11,21H,9-10,12H2,1H3,(H,18,19)
InChI KeyMRBDMNSDAVCSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkyldiarylamines. These are tertiary alkylarylamines having two aryl and one alkyl groups attached to the amino group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic nitrogen compounds
ClassOrganonitrogen compounds
Sub ClassAmines
Direct ParentAlkyldiarylamines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alkyldiarylamine
  • M-aminophenol
  • Aminophenol
  • Aminotoluene
  • Aniline or substituted anilines
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Toluene
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Imidolactam
  • Benzenoid
  • 2-imidazoline
  • Amidine
  • Carboxylic acid amidine
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Carboximidamide
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point174.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.27 g/LNot Available
LogP3.3Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Not Available172.07http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000706
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00692 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00692 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00692
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID5571
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPhentolamine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5775
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID8081
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianserine > chlorpromazine = spiperone = prazosin > propanolol > alprenolol = pindolol
Gene Name:
ADRA2A
Uniprot ID:
P08913
Molecular weight:
48956.3
References
  1. Polak J, Moro C, Klimcakova E, Hejnova J, Majercik M, Viguerie N, Langin D, Lafontan M, Stich V, Berlan M: Dynamic strength training improves insulin sensitivity and functional balance between adrenergic alpha 2A and beta pathways in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese subjects. Diabetologia. 2005 Dec;48(12):2631-40. Epub 2005 Nov 5. [PubMed:16273345 ]
  2. Molderings GJ, Bonisch H, Bruss M, Likungu J, Gothert M: Species-specific pharmacological properties of human alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors. Hypertension. 2000 Sep;36(3):405-10. [PubMed:10988273 ]
  3. Vonend O, Habbel S, Stegbauer J, Roth J, Hein L, Rump LC: Alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors regulate sympathetic transmitter release in mice kidneys. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Jan;150(1):121-7. Epub 2006 Nov 20. [PubMed:17115069 ]
  4. Trendelenburg AU, Meyer A, Klebroff W, Guimaraes S, Starke K: Crosstalk between presynaptic angiotensin receptors, bradykinin receptors and alpha 2-autoreceptors in sympathetic neurons: a study in alpha 2-adrenoceptor-deficient mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2003 Apr;138(8):1389-402. [PubMed:12721093 ]
  5. Blandizzi C, Fornai M, Colucci R, Baschiera F, Barbara G, De Giorgio R, De Ponti F, Breschi MC, Del Tacca M: Altered prejunctional modulation of intestinal cholinergic and noradrenergic pathways by alpha2-adrenoceptors in the presence of experimental colitis. Br J Pharmacol. 2003 May;139(2):309-20. [PubMed:12770936 ]
  6. Giussani DA, Moore PJ, Bennet L, Spencer JA, Hanson MA: Alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoreceptor actions of phentolamine and prazosin on breathing movements in fetal sheep in utero. J Physiol. 1995 Jul 1;486 ( Pt 1):249-55. [PubMed:7562640 ]
  7. Bylund DB: Subtypes of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. FASEB J. 1992 Feb 1;6(3):832-9. [PubMed:1346768 ]
  8. Saeed M, Sommer O, Holtz J, Bassenge E: Alpha-adrenoceptor blockade by phentolamine causes beta-adrenergic vasodilation by increased catecholamine release due to presynaptic alpha-blockade. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1982 Jan-Feb;4(1):44-52. [PubMed:6176798 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins
Gene Name:
ADRA1A
Uniprot ID:
P35348
Molecular weight:
51486.0
References
  1. Giussani DA, Moore PJ, Bennet L, Spencer JA, Hanson MA: Alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoreceptor actions of phentolamine and prazosin on breathing movements in fetal sheep in utero. J Physiol. 1995 Jul 1;486 ( Pt 1):249-55. [PubMed:7562640 ]
  2. Bylund DB: Subtypes of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. FASEB J. 1992 Feb 1;6(3):832-9. [PubMed:1346768 ]
  3. Saeed M, Sommer O, Holtz J, Bassenge E: Alpha-adrenoceptor blockade by phentolamine causes beta-adrenergic vasodilation by increased catecholamine release due to presynaptic alpha-blockade. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1982 Jan-Feb;4(1):44-52. [PubMed:6176798 ]