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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:52 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015116
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15116
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePhysostigmine
DescriptionPhysostigmine, also known as eserine or antilirium, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrroloindoles. Pyrroloindoles are compounds containing a pyrroloindole moiety, which is a tricyclic heterocycle which consists of a pyrrole ring fused to an indole. Pyrrole is 5-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. Indole is a bicyclic compound consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring. Physostigmine is a drug which is used for the treatment of glaucoma, and in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. Physostigmine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
AntiliriumChEBI
EserineChEBI
PhysostolChEBI
ErserineHMDB
Eserine sulfateHMDB
Eserolein, methylcarbamateHMDB
Chemical FormulaC15H21N3O2
Average Molecular Weight275.3461
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight275.163376931
IUPAC Name(3aS,8aR)-1,3a,8-trimethyl-1H,2H,3H,3aH,8H,8aH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl N-methylcarbamate
Traditional Namephysostigmine
CAS Registry Number57-47-6
SMILES
[H][C@]12N(C)CC[C@@]1(C)C1=C(C=CC(OC(=O)NC)=C1)N2C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C15H21N3O2/c1-15-7-8-17(3)13(15)18(4)12-6-5-10(9-11(12)15)20-14(19)16-2/h5-6,9,13H,7-8H2,1-4H3,(H,16,19)/t13-,15+/m1/s1
InChI KeyPIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrroloindoles. Pyrroloindoles are compounds containing a pyrroloindole moiety, which is a tricyclic heterocycle which consists of a pyrrole ring fused to an indole. Pyrrole is 5-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. Indole is a bicyclic compound consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassIndoles and derivatives
Sub ClassPyrroloindoles
Direct ParentPyrroloindoles
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyrroloindole
  • Indole
  • Dialkylarylamine
  • Benzenoid
  • N-alkylpyrrolidine
  • Pyrrole
  • Pyrrolidine
  • Carbamic acid ester
  • Carbonic acid derivative
  • Azacycle
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point105.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.99 g/LNot Available
LogP1.7Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Not Available167.899http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000978
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00981 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00981 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00981
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00001757
Chemspider ID5763
KEGG Compound IDC06535
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPhysostigmine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5983
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID27953
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in carboxylesterase activity
Specific function:
Terminates signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction by rapid hydrolysis of the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft. Role in neuronal apoptosis.
Gene Name:
ACHE
Uniprot ID:
P22303
Molecular weight:
67795.525
References
  1. Nguyen PV, Aniksztejn L, Catarsi S, Drapeau P: Maturation of neuromuscular transmission during early development in zebrafish. J Neurophysiol. 1999 Jun;81(6):2852-61. [PubMed:10368402 ]
  2. Tuovinen K, Kaliste-Korhonen E, Raushel FM, Hanninen O: Success of pyridostigmine, physostigmine, eptastigmine and phosphotriesterase treatments in acute sarin intoxication. Toxicology. 1999 Jun 15;134(2-3):169-78. [PubMed:10403635 ]
  3. Blasina MF, Faria AC, Gardino PF, Hokoc JN, Almeida OM, de Mello FG, Arruti C, Dajas F: Evidence for a noncholinergic function of acetylcholinesterase during development of chicken retina as shown by fasciculin. Cell Tissue Res. 2000 Feb;299(2):173-84. [PubMed:10741458 ]
  4. Monnet-Tschudi F, Zurich MG, Schilter B, Costa LG, Honegger P: Maturation-dependent effects of chlorpyrifos and parathion and their oxygen analogs on acetylcholinesterase and neuronal and glial markers in aggregating brain cell cultures. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 Jun 15;165(3):175-83. [PubMed:10873710 ]
  5. Bolognesi ML, Andrisano V, Bartolini M, Minarini A, Rosini M, Tumiatti V, Melchiorre C: Hexahydrochromeno[4,3-b]pyrrole derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2001 Jan 4;44(1):105-9. [PubMed:11141093 ]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]