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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:52 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015118
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15118
Metabolite Identification
Common NameFormoterol
DescriptionFormoterol, also known as oxis, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as amphetamines and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing or derived from 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. Formoterol is a drug which is used formoterol is indicated in various formulations for the treatment of asthma and copd. for the treatment of copd, formoterol is available as a single-entity inhalation solution,[l10986] in combination with the long-acting muscarinic antagonists (lamas) [aclidinium][l10992] and [glycopyrronium],[l10989] and in combination with the corticosteroid [budesonide].[l10619] for the treatment of asthma, formoterol is available in combination with [mometasone furoate] for patients 5 years and older[l10995] and with budesonide for patients 6 years and older.[l10619] formoterol may also be used on an as-needed basis for prophylaxis against exercise-induced bronchospasm.[l10998]. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Formoterol.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC19H24N2O4
Average Molecular Weight344.4049
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight344.173607266
IUPAC NameN-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide
Traditional Nameformoterol
CAS Registry Number73573-87-2
SMILES
COC1=CC=C(CC(C)NCC(O)C2=CC(NC=O)=C(O)C=C2)C=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C19H24N2O4/c1-13(9-14-3-6-16(25-2)7-4-14)20-11-19(24)15-5-8-18(23)17(10-15)21-12-22/h3-8,10,12-13,19-20,23-24H,9,11H2,1-2H3,(H,21,22)
InChI KeyBPZSYCZIITTYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as amphetamines and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing or derived from 1-phenylpropan-2-amine.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassPhenethylamines
Direct ParentAmphetamines and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Amphetamine or derivatives
  • Phenylpropane
  • Phenoxy compound
  • Anisole
  • Phenol ether
  • Methoxybenzene
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Aralkylamine
  • Secondary alcohol
  • 1,2-aminoalcohol
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Secondary amine
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Carboximidic acid derivative
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Ether
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Aromatic alcohol
  • Amine
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.042 g/LNot Available
LogP2.2Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM178.630932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00983 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00983 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00983
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID3292
KEGG Compound IDC07805
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkFormoterol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem CompoundNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID63082
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Bartow RA, Brogden RN: Formoterol. An update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in the management of asthma. Drugs. 1998 Feb;55(2):303-22. [PubMed:9506248 ]
  2. Cheer SM, Scott LJ: Formoterol: a review of its use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Med. 2002;1(4):285-300. [PubMed:14720051 ]
  3. Steiropoulos P, Tzouvelekis A, Bouros D: Formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2008;3(2):205-15. [PubMed:18686730 ]
  4. Faulds D, Hollingshead LM, Goa KL: Formoterol. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in reversible obstructive airways disease. Drugs. 1991 Jul;42(1):115-37. [PubMed:1718682 ]
  5. Op't Holt TB: Inhaled beta agonists. Respir Care. 2007 Jul;52(7):820-32. [PubMed:17594727 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Somers GI, Lindsay N, Lowdon BM, Jones AE, Freathy C, Ho S, Woodrooffe AJ, Bayliss MK, Manchee GR: A comparison of the expression and metabolizing activities of phase I and II enzymes in freshly isolated human lung parenchymal cells and cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Oct;35(10):1797-805. Epub 2007 Jul 12. [PubMed:17627976 ]
  2. Zhang M, Fawcett JP, Kennedy JM, Shaw JP: Stereoselective glucuronidation of formoterol by human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Feb;49(2):152-7. [PubMed:10671910 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
Gene Name:
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID:
P33261
Molecular weight:
55944.565
References
  1. Somers GI, Lindsay N, Lowdon BM, Jones AE, Freathy C, Ho S, Woodrooffe AJ, Bayliss MK, Manchee GR: A comparison of the expression and metabolizing activities of phase I and II enzymes in freshly isolated human lung parenchymal cells and cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Oct;35(10):1797-805. Epub 2007 Jul 12. [PubMed:17627976 ]
  2. Zhang M, Fawcett JP, Kennedy JM, Shaw JP: Stereoselective glucuronidation of formoterol by human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Feb;49(2):152-7. [PubMed:10671910 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Molecular weight:
55768.94
References
  1. Somers GI, Lindsay N, Lowdon BM, Jones AE, Freathy C, Ho S, Woodrooffe AJ, Bayliss MK, Manchee GR: A comparison of the expression and metabolizing activities of phase I and II enzymes in freshly isolated human lung parenchymal cells and cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Oct;35(10):1797-805. Epub 2007 Jul 12. [PubMed:17627976 ]
  2. Zhang M, Fawcett JP, Kennedy JM, Shaw JP: Stereoselective glucuronidation of formoterol by human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Feb;49(2):152-7. [PubMed:10671910 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. Possesses low phenacetin O-deethylation activity.
Gene Name:
CYP2A6
Uniprot ID:
P11509
Molecular weight:
56517.005
References
  1. Somers GI, Lindsay N, Lowdon BM, Jones AE, Freathy C, Ho S, Woodrooffe AJ, Bayliss MK, Manchee GR: A comparison of the expression and metabolizing activities of phase I and II enzymes in freshly isolated human lung parenchymal cells and cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Oct;35(10):1797-805. Epub 2007 Jul 12. [PubMed:17627976 ]
  2. Zhang M, Fawcett JP, Kennedy JM, Shaw JP: Stereoselective glucuronidation of formoterol by human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Feb;49(2):152-7. [PubMed:10671910 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine
Gene Name:
ADRB2
Uniprot ID:
P07550
Molecular weight:
46458.3
References
  1. Handley DA, Senanayake CH, Dutczak W, Benovic JL, Walle T, Penn RB, Wilkinson HS, Tanoury GJ, Andersson RG, Johansson F, Morley J: Biological actions of formoterol isomers. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2002;15(2):135-45. [PubMed:12090787 ]
  2. Scola AM, Chong LK, Suvarna SK, Chess-Williams R, Peachell PT: Desensitisation of mast cell beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses by salmeterol and formoterol. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;141(1):163-71. Epub 2003 Dec 8. [PubMed:14662724 ]
  3. Ryall JG, Sillence MN, Lynch GS: Systemic administration of beta2-adrenoceptor agonists, formoterol and salmeterol, elicit skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats at micromolar doses. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Mar;147(6):587-95. [PubMed:16432501 ]
  4. Lofdahl CG, Svedmyr N: Formoterol fumarate, a new beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Acute studies of selectivity and duration of effect after inhaled and oral administration. Allergy. 1989 May;44(4):264-71. [PubMed:2544117 ]
  5. Kompa AR, Molenaar P, Summers RJ: Beta-adrenoceptor regulation and functional responses in the guinea-pig following chronic administration of the long-acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist formoterol. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1995 Jun;351(6):576-88. [PubMed:7675115 ]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  7. Bartow RA, Brogden RN: Formoterol. An update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in the management of asthma. Drugs. 1998 Feb;55(2):303-22. [PubMed:9506248 ]
  8. Cheer SM, Scott LJ: Formoterol: a review of its use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Med. 2002;1(4):285-300. [PubMed:14720051 ]
  9. Steiropoulos P, Tzouvelekis A, Bouros D: Formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2008;3(2):205-15. [PubMed:18686730 ]
  10. Faulds D, Hollingshead LM, Goa KL: Formoterol. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in reversible obstructive airways disease. Drugs. 1991 Jul;42(1):115-37. [PubMed:1718682 ]
  11. Op't Holt TB: Inhaled beta agonists. Respir Care. 2007 Jul;52(7):820-32. [PubMed:17594727 ]