Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:54 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015220
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15220
Metabolite Identification
Common NameIloprost
DescriptionIloprost is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic analogue of prostacyclin PGI2. Iloprost dilates systemic and pulmonary arterial vascular beds. It is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Iloprost is a second generation structural analog of prostacyclin (PGI) with about ten-fold greater potency than the first generation stable analogs, such as carbaprostacyclin. Iloprost binds with equal affinity to human prostacyclin (Prostanoid IP) and prostaglandin EP1 receptors. Iloprost constricts the ilium and fundus circular smooth muscle as strongly as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) itself. Iloprost inhibits the ADP, thrombin, and collagen-induced aggregation of human platelets. In whole animals, iloprost acts as a vasodilator, hypotensive, antidiuretic, and prolongs bleeding time. All of these properties help to antagonize the pathological changes that take place in the small pulmonary arteries of patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Structure
Data?1582753272
Synonyms
ValueSource
Iloprost-peHMDB
2-oxo-2-Phenylethyl 5-[(2Z)-5-hydroxy-4-[(1E)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl]-octahydropentalen-2-ylidene]pentanoic acidHMDB
Iloprost phenacyl esterHMDB
Chemical FormulaC30H38O5
Average Molecular Weight478.6197
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight478.271924326
IUPAC Name2-oxo-2-phenylethyl 5-[(2Z)-5-hydroxy-4-[(1E)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl]-octahydropentalen-2-ylidene]pentanoate
Traditional Nameiloprost
CAS Registry Number78919-13-8
SMILES
CC#CCC(C)C(O)\C=C\C1C(O)CC2C\C(CC12)=C\CCCC(=O)OCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C30H38O5/c1-3-4-10-21(2)27(31)16-15-25-26-18-22(17-24(26)19-28(25)32)11-8-9-14-30(34)35-20-29(33)23-12-6-5-7-13-23/h5-7,11-13,15-16,21,24-28,31-32H,8-10,14,17-20H2,1-2H3/b16-15+,22-11-
InChI KeyCZUMMMDKQYRZDP-JCAXBLPDSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as prostaglandins and related compounds. These are unsaturated carboxylic acids consisting of a 20 carbon skeleton that also contains a five member ring, and are based upon the fatty acid arachidonic acid.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassEicosanoids
Direct ParentProstaglandins and related compounds
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Prostaglandin skeleton
  • Alkyl-phenylketone
  • Aromatic monoterpenoid
  • Monoterpenoid
  • Bicyclic monoterpenoid
  • Phenylketone
  • Fatty alcohol
  • Benzoyl
  • Aryl alkyl ketone
  • Aryl ketone
  • Fatty acid ester
  • Alpha-acyloxy ketone
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Benzenoid
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Ketone
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aromatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.002 g/LNot Available
LogP4.8Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.002 g/LALOGPS
logP5.04ALOGPS
logP4.94ChemAxon
logS-5.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.72ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.87ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area83.83 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count13ChemAxon
Refractivity139.85 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability55.4 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+215.50531661259
DarkChem[M-H]-213.25531661259
DeepCCS[M-2H]-243.20830932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+218.77330932474
AllCCS[M+H]+223.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+221.832859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+225.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+225.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-215.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-218.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-221.232859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
IloprostCC#CCC(C)C(O)\C=C\C1C(O)CC2C\C(CC12)=C\CCCC(=O)OCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C14801.0Standard polar33892256
IloprostCC#CCC(C)C(O)\C=C\C1C(O)CC2C\C(CC12)=C\CCCC(=O)OCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C13438.1Standard non polar33892256
IloprostCC#CCC(C)C(O)\C=C\C1C(O)CC2C\C(CC12)=C\CCCC(=O)OCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C13910.7Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Iloprost,1TMS,isomer #1CC#CCC(C)C(/C=C/C1C(O)CC2C/C(=C/CCCC(=O)OCC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC21)O[Si](C)(C)C3960.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Iloprost,1TMS,isomer #2CC#CCC(C)C(O)/C=C/C1C(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC2C/C(=C/CCCC(=O)OCC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC213895.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Iloprost,2TMS,isomer #1CC#CCC(C)C(/C=C/C1C(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC2C/C(=C/CCCC(=O)OCC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC21)O[Si](C)(C)C3835.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Iloprost,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC#CCC(C)C(/C=C/C1C(O)CC2C/C(=C/CCCC(=O)OCC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC21)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4186.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Iloprost,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC#CCC(C)C(O)/C=C/C1C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC2C/C(=C/CCCC(=O)OCC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC214126.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Iloprost,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC#CCC(C)C(/C=C/C1C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC2C/C(=C/CCCC(=O)OCC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC21)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4269.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Iloprost GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a4i-3953200000-b443b1bda7d785ac5d302017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Iloprost GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a4i-1900210000-4e1ef34a133a2751758b2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Iloprost GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Iloprost GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Iloprost 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03fu-0002900000-6a96f6c0e27208aa18ae2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Iloprost 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01yc-5455900000-87ae1678bc484e678de92016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Iloprost 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-057i-9483100000-98e240ce9fc2670059322016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Iloprost 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004l-0105900000-bd6afd767ba75381c69a2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Iloprost 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-056u-5509500000-2084dc240e0f753948532016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Iloprost 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-9413000000-b2178e58ccb54de331682016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Iloprost 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0017900000-5e1366159937b37e0b052021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Iloprost 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0aor-5308900000-271908350c9d4b1e9c902021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Iloprost 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udu-9204300000-168e9fb8385284dbfa8a2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Iloprost 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-056r-0102900000-10e1eb3ea58023970cd42021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Iloprost 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-7903300000-97e90a9cce893500efab2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Iloprost 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-054k-7194400000-f7eb359410db7895850e2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01088 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01088 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4947911
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkIloprost
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound6443959
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  2. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  3. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  4. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  5. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. May be involved in mediating central nervous system effects of therapeutic agents ranging from antidepressants to antiasthmatic and anti-inflammatory agents.
Gene Name:
PDE4B
Uniprot ID:
Q07343
Molecular weight:
64351.765
References
  1. Wilkens H, Guth A, Konig J, Forestier N, Cremers B, Hennen B, Bohm M, Sybrecht GW: Effect of inhaled iloprost plus oral sildenafil in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2001 Sep 11;104(11):1218-22. [PubMed:11551870 ]
  2. Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, Olschewski H, Wiedemann R, Weissmann N, Schudt C, Tenor H, Seeger W, Grimminger F: Amplification of the pulmonary vasodilatory response to inhaled iloprost by subthreshold phosphodiesterase types 3 and 4 inhibition in severe pulmonary hypertension. Crit Care Med. 2002 Nov;30(11):2489-92. [PubMed:12441759 ]
  3. Schermuly RT, Leuchte H, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Rose F, Kohstall M, Olschewski H, Schudt C, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Walmrath D: Zardaverine and aerosolised iloprost in a model of acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2003 Aug;22(2):342-7. [PubMed:12952271 ]
  4. Grant PG, Mannarino AF, Colman RW: cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of the low-Km cAMP phosphodiesterase markedly stimulates its catalytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9071-5. [PubMed:2461561 ]
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.
Gene Name:
PDE4C
Uniprot ID:
Q08493
Molecular weight:
79900.795
References
  1. Wilkens H, Guth A, Konig J, Forestier N, Cremers B, Hennen B, Bohm M, Sybrecht GW: Effect of inhaled iloprost plus oral sildenafil in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2001 Sep 11;104(11):1218-22. [PubMed:11551870 ]
  2. Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, Olschewski H, Wiedemann R, Weissmann N, Schudt C, Tenor H, Seeger W, Grimminger F: Amplification of the pulmonary vasodilatory response to inhaled iloprost by subthreshold phosphodiesterase types 3 and 4 inhibition in severe pulmonary hypertension. Crit Care Med. 2002 Nov;30(11):2489-92. [PubMed:12441759 ]
  3. Schermuly RT, Leuchte H, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Rose F, Kohstall M, Olschewski H, Schudt C, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Walmrath D: Zardaverine and aerosolised iloprost in a model of acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2003 Aug;22(2):342-7. [PubMed:12952271 ]
  4. Grant PG, Mannarino AF, Colman RW: cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of the low-Km cAMP phosphodiesterase markedly stimulates its catalytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9071-5. [PubMed:2461561 ]
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.
Gene Name:
PDE4D
Uniprot ID:
Q08499
Molecular weight:
91114.1
References
  1. Wilkens H, Guth A, Konig J, Forestier N, Cremers B, Hennen B, Bohm M, Sybrecht GW: Effect of inhaled iloprost plus oral sildenafil in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2001 Sep 11;104(11):1218-22. [PubMed:11551870 ]
  2. Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, Olschewski H, Wiedemann R, Weissmann N, Schudt C, Tenor H, Seeger W, Grimminger F: Amplification of the pulmonary vasodilatory response to inhaled iloprost by subthreshold phosphodiesterase types 3 and 4 inhibition in severe pulmonary hypertension. Crit Care Med. 2002 Nov;30(11):2489-92. [PubMed:12441759 ]
  3. Schermuly RT, Leuchte H, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Rose F, Kohstall M, Olschewski H, Schudt C, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Walmrath D: Zardaverine and aerosolised iloprost in a model of acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2003 Aug;22(2):342-7. [PubMed:12952271 ]
  4. Grant PG, Mannarino AF, Colman RW: cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of the low-Km cAMP phosphodiesterase markedly stimulates its catalytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9071-5. [PubMed:2461561 ]
General function:
Involved in 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.
Gene Name:
PDE4A
Uniprot ID:
P27815
Molecular weight:
98142.155
References
  1. Wilkens H, Guth A, Konig J, Forestier N, Cremers B, Hennen B, Bohm M, Sybrecht GW: Effect of inhaled iloprost plus oral sildenafil in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2001 Sep 11;104(11):1218-22. [PubMed:11551870 ]
  2. Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, Olschewski H, Wiedemann R, Weissmann N, Schudt C, Tenor H, Seeger W, Grimminger F: Amplification of the pulmonary vasodilatory response to inhaled iloprost by subthreshold phosphodiesterase types 3 and 4 inhibition in severe pulmonary hypertension. Crit Care Med. 2002 Nov;30(11):2489-92. [PubMed:12441759 ]
  3. Schermuly RT, Leuchte H, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Rose F, Kohstall M, Olschewski H, Schudt C, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Walmrath D: Zardaverine and aerosolised iloprost in a model of acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2003 Aug;22(2):342-7. [PubMed:12952271 ]
  4. Grant PG, Mannarino AF, Colman RW: cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of the low-Km cAMP phosphodiesterase markedly stimulates its catalytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9071-5. [PubMed:2461561 ]
General function:
Involved in serine-type endopeptidase activity
Specific function:
Converts the abundant, but inactive, zymogen plasminogen to plasmin by hydrolyzing a single Arg-Val bond in plasminogen. By controlling plasmin-mediated proteolysis, it plays an important role in tissue remodeling and degradation, in cell migration and many other physiopathological events. Play a direct role in facilitating neuronal migration
Gene Name:
PLAT
Uniprot ID:
P00750
Molecular weight:
62916.5
References
  1. Kerins DM, Roy L, Kunitada S, Adedoyin A, FitzGerald GA, Fitzgerald DJ: Pharmacokinetics of tissue-type plasminogen activator during acute myocardial infarction in men. Effect of a prostacyclin analogue. Circulation. 1992 Feb;85(2):526-32. [PubMed:1370924 ]
  2. Nicolini FA, Mehta JL, Nichols WW, Saldeen TG, Grant M: Prostacyclin analogue iloprost decreases thrombolytic potential of tissue-type plasminogen activator in canine coronary thrombosis. Circulation. 1990 Mar;81(3):1115-22. [PubMed:1689620 ]
  3. Nichols WW, Nicolini FA, Saldeen TG, Mehta JL: Combined thrombolytic effects of tissue-plasminogen activator and a fibrinogen-degradation product peptide 6A or iloprost. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1991 Aug;18(2):231-6. [PubMed:1717784 ]
  4. Nizankowski R, Krzanowski M, Musial J, Szczeklik A: [Effect of thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor and prostacyclin analogue on arterial blood pressure, fibrinolysis and platelet function in patients with hypertension]. Pol Tyg Lek. 1991 Jan 7-14;46(1-3):18-21. [PubMed:1726988 ]
  5. Herczenik E, Bouma B, Korporaal SJ, Strangi R, Zeng Q, Gros P, Van Eck M, Van Berkel TJ, Gebbink MF, Akkerman JW: Activation of human platelets by misfolded proteins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Jul;27(7):1657-65. Epub 2007 May 17. [PubMed:17510465 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(q) proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. May play a role as an important modulator of renal function. Implicated the smooth muscle contractile response to PGE2 in various tissues
Gene Name:
PTGER1
Uniprot ID:
P34995
Molecular weight:
41800.7
References
  1. Sharif NA, Davis TL: Cloned human EP1 prostanoid receptor pharmacology characterized using radioligand binding techniques. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;54(4):539-47. [PubMed:11999132 ]
  2. Walch L, de Montpreville V, Brink C, Norel X: Prostanoid EP(1)- and TP-receptors involved in the contraction of human pulmonary veins. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Dec;134(8):1671-8. [PubMed:11739243 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Receptor for prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 or PGI2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins which activate adenylate cyclase
Gene Name:
PTGIR
Uniprot ID:
P43119
Molecular weight:
40955.5
References
  1. Takamatsu H, Tsukada H, Watanabe Y, Cui Y, Kataoka Y, Hosoya T, Suzuki M, Watanabe Y: Specific ligand for a central type prostacyclin receptor attenuates neuronal damage in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res. 2002 Jan 25;925(2):176-82. [PubMed:11792366 ]
  2. Crutchley DJ, Solomon DE, Conanan LB: Prostacyclin analogues inhibit tissue factor expression in the human monocytic cell line THP-1 via a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992 Jun;12(6):664-70. [PubMed:1375507 ]
  3. Schermuly RT, Pullamsetti SS, Breitenbach SC, Weissmann N, Ghofrani HA, Grimminger F, Nilius SM, Schror K, Kirchrath JM, Seeger W, Rose F: Iloprost-induced desensitization of the prostacyclin receptor in isolated rabbit lungs. Respir Res. 2007 Jan 26;8:4. [PubMed:17257398 ]
  4. Idzko M, Hammad H, van Nimwegen M, Kool M, Vos N, Hoogsteden HC, Lambrecht BN: Inhaled iloprost suppresses the cardinal features of asthma via inhibition of airway dendritic cell function. J Clin Invest. 2007 Feb;117(2):464-72. [PubMed:17273558 ]
  5. Tsai AL, Vijjeswarapu H, Wu KK: Interaction between platelet receptor and iloprost isomers. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Jul 21;942(2):220-6. [PubMed:2456096 ]
  6. Olschewski H, Rose F, Schermuly R, Ghofrani HA, Enke B, Olschewski A, Seeger W: Prostacyclin and its analogues in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacol Ther. 2004 May;102(2):139-53. [PubMed:15163595 ]
  7. Anderson JR, Nawarskas JJ: Pharmacotherapeutic management of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiol Rev. 2010 May-Jun;18(3):148-62. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181d4e921. [PubMed:20395700 ]
  8. Mubarak KK: A review of prostaglandin analogs in the management of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Med. 2010 Jan;104(1):9-21. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.07.015. Epub 2009 Aug 15. [PubMed:19683911 ]
  9. Krug S, Sablotzki A, Hammerschmidt S, Wirtz H, Seyfarth HJ: Inhaled iloprost for the control of pulmonary hypertension. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):465-74. [PubMed:19475782 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost
Gene Name:
SLCO2B1
Uniprot ID:
O94956
Molecular weight:
76697.9
References
  1. Nishio T, Adachi H, Nakagomi R, Tokui T, Sato E, Tanemoto M, Fujiwara K, Okabe M, Onogawa T, Suzuki T, Nakai D, Shiiba K, Suzuki M, Ohtani H, Kondo Y, Unno M, Ito S, Iinuma K, Nunoki K, Matsuno S, Abe T: Molecular identification of a rat novel organic anion transporter moat1, which transports prostaglandin D(2), leukotriene C(4), and taurocholate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Sep 7;275(3):831-8. [PubMed:10973807 ]
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
May mediate the release of newly synthesized prostaglandins from cells, the transepithelial transport of prostaglandins, and the clearance of prostaglandins from the circulation. Transports PGD2, as well as PGE1, PGE2 and PGF2A
Gene Name:
SLCO2A1
Uniprot ID:
Q92959
Molecular weight:
70117.0
References
  1. Lu R, Kanai N, Bao Y, Schuster VL: Cloning, in vitro expression, and tissue distribution of a human prostaglandin transporter cDNA(hPGT). J Clin Invest. 1996 Sep 1;98(5):1142-9. [PubMed:8787677 ]
  2. Kanai N, Lu R, Satriano JA, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Schuster VL: Identification and characterization of a prostaglandin transporter. Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):866-9. [PubMed:7754369 ]
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as estrone-3-sulfate (PubMed:10873595). Mediates transport of prostaglandins (PG) E1 and E2, thyroxine (T4), deltorphin II, BQ-123 and vasopressin, but not DPDPE (a derivative of enkephalin lacking an N-terminal tyrosine residue), estrone-3- sulfate, taurocholate, digoxin nor DHEAS (PubMed:16971491)
Gene Name:
SLCO3A1
Uniprot ID:
Q9UIG8
Molecular weight:
76552.1
References
  1. Adachi H, Suzuki T, Abe M, Asano N, Mizutamari H, Tanemoto M, Nishio T, Onogawa T, Toyohara T, Kasai S, Satoh F, Suzuki M, Tokui T, Unno M, Shimosegawa T, Matsuno S, Ito S, Abe T: Molecular characterization of human and rat organic anion transporter OATP-D. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2003 Dec;285(6):F1188-97. [PubMed:14631946 ]