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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 17:32:58 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:19:19 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0029838
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB29838
Metabolite Identification
Common NameHarmalol
DescriptionHarmalol is found in fruits. Harmalol is an alkaloid from Passiflora incarnata (maypops). Harmaline is a reversible inhibitor of MAO-A (RIMA). Harmine is a reversible inhibitor of MAO-A (RIMA). It is important to note that unlike synthetic pharmaceutical MAOIs such as phenelzine, harmine is reversible and selective meaning it does not have nearly as high a risk for the "cheese syndrome" caused by consuming tyramine-containing foods, which is a risk associated with monoamine oxidase A inhibitors, but not monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Several alkaloids that function as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are found in the seeds of Peganum harmala (also known as Harmal or Syrian Rue), including harmine, harmaline, and harmalol, which are members of a group of substances with a similar chemical structure collectively known as harmala alkaloids. These alkaloids are of interest for their use in Amazonian shamanism, where they are derived from other plants. The harmala alkaloid harmine which was once known as Telepathine and Banisterine is a naturally occurring beta-carboline alkaloid that is structurally related to harmaline, and also found in the vine Banisteriopsis caapi. Tetrahydroharmine is also found in B. caapi, but not P. harmala. Dr. Alexander Shulgin has suggesed that harmaline may be a breakdown product of harmine. Harmine and harmaline are reversible MAOIs of the MAO-A isoform of the enzyme, and can stimulate the central nervous system by inhibiting the metabolism of monoamine compounds such as serotonin and norepinephrine. The harmala alkaloids occur in Peganum harmala in concentrations of roughly 3%, though tests have documented anywhere from 2-7%, as natural sources tend to vary widely in chemical makeup. Harmala alkaloids are also found in the Banisteriopsis caapi vine, the key plant ingredient in the sacramental beverage Ayahuasca, in concentrations that range between 0.31-8.43% for harmine, 0.03-0.83% for harmaline and 0.05-2.94% for tetrahydroharmine. Other psychoactive plants are often added to Ayahuasca to achieve visionary states of consciousness; for example leaves from Psychotria viridis, which is a source of dimethyltryptamine (DMT). The harmala alkaloids serve to potentiate these brewed compounds by preventing their breakdown in the digestive tract. The harmala alkaloids are not especially psychoactive on their own, even at high dosages, when vomiting and diarrhea become the main effect
Structure
Data?1676999959
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-Methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-beta-carbolin-7-olChEBI
HarmidolChEBI
HarmololChEBI
1-Methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-b-carbolin-7-olGenerator
1-Methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-β-carbolin-7-olGenerator
1-Methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-beta-carbolin-7-ol hydrochlorideHMDB
3,4-dihydro-1-Methyl-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-7-olHMDB
3,4-dihydro-7-Hydroxy-1-methyl-b-carbolineHMDB
4,9-dihydro-1-Methyl-3H-pyrido(3,4-b)indol-7-olHMDB
4,9-dihydro-1-Methyl-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-7-olHMDB
4,9-dihydro-1-Methyl-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-7-ol, 9ciHMDB
Harmalol hydrochlorideMeSH
Harmalol hydrochloride, dihydrateMeSH
Harmalol trihydrateMeSH
Harmalol lactate, dihydrateMeSH
Harmalol dihydrochlorideMeSH
Chemical FormulaC12H12N2O
Average Molecular Weight200.2365
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight200.094963016
IUPAC Name1-methyl-3H,4H,9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-7-ol
Traditional Nameharmalol
CAS Registry Number525-57-5
SMILES
CC1=NCCC2=C1NC1=C2C=CC(O)=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C12H12N2O/c1-7-12-10(4-5-13-7)9-3-2-8(15)6-11(9)14-12/h2-3,6,14-15H,4-5H2,1H3
InChI KeyRHVPEFQDYMMNSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as harmala alkaloids. Harmala alkaloids are compounds with a structure based on harmaline, harmine, harmalol, harman or a derivative of those parents. These parents are beta-carbolines, consisting of a pyrimidine fused to the pyrrole moiety of an indole to form a pyrido[3,4-b]indole.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassAlkaloids and derivatives
ClassHarmala alkaloids
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentHarmala alkaloids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Harmaline
  • Harmalol
  • Harman
  • Beta-carboline
  • Pyridoindole
  • Hydroxyindole
  • 3-alkylindole
  • Indole
  • Indole or derivatives
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Benzenoid
  • Pyrrole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Ketimine
  • Azacycle
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Imine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point100 - 105 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility177.8 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP2.19Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Not Available142.364http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00001378
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.2 g/LALOGPS
logP1.94ALOGPS
logP1.52ChemAxon
logS-3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)9.61ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.31ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area48.38 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity59.67 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability22.08 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+144.77731661259
DarkChem[M-H]-144.07631661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+144.26130932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-141.86530932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-176.29130932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+150.86230932474
AllCCS[M+H]+143.632859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+139.332859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+147.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+148.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-148.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-148.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-148.232859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
HarmalolCC1=NCCC2=C1NC1=C2C=CC(O)=C13151.3Standard polar33892256
HarmalolCC1=NCCC2=C1NC1=C2C=CC(O)=C12141.2Standard non polar33892256
HarmalolCC1=NCCC2=C1NC1=C2C=CC(O)=C12364.0Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Harmalol,1TMS,isomer #1CC1=NCCC2=C1[NH]C1=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C212283.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Harmalol,1TMS,isomer #2CC1=NCCC2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C212296.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Harmalol,2TMS,isomer #1CC1=NCCC2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C212313.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Harmalol,2TMS,isomer #1CC1=NCCC2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C212149.5Standard non polar33892256
Harmalol,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=NCCC2=C1[NH]C1=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C212495.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Harmalol,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC1=NCCC2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C212489.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Harmalol,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=NCCC2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C212707.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Harmalol,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC1=NCCC2=C1N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C212607.0Standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Harmalol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-05fr-0900000000-e4464398b4dec3fc73522017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Harmalol GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-7190000000-1284b3e28670778298fe2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Harmalol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmalol 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0290000000-a117734dd274e28b35ad2016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmalol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-1970000000-b19698ef3a7ac01eec3f2016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmalol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-0900000000-f10b93cb6c00a71896fe2016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmalol 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-aaba7e72d490321c1aa22016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmalol 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-78586bb5e1894bd774f12016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmalol 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00lr-2900000000-fd7e4b643b65563440d42016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmalol 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-f12acafe48c5444229fd2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmalol 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-f12acafe48c5444229fd2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmalol 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-06ea-0900000000-6f32f96c94e3e30167a32021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmalol 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0090000000-02a2f360bd41f66f24a32021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmalol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0190000000-c702aa1aff1d9ef9f4a92021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmalol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4j-2900000000-8fe62270768d65d29f572021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB001053
KNApSAcK IDC00052310
Chemspider ID11262879
KEGG Compound IDC06537
BioCyc IDCPD-9938
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkHarmalol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound3565
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID27943
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1811671
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .