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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 17:38:24 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:52:39 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0030684
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0125126
  • HMDB30684
Metabolite Identification
Common NameCyanidin 3-glucoside
DescriptionCyanidin 3-glucoside, also known as chrysanthenin or cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride (CAS: 7084-24-4), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyranones and derivatives. Pyranones and derivatives are compounds containing a pyran ring which bears a ketone. Cyanidin 3-glucoside is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, cyanidin 3-glucoside is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as black elderberries, rubus (blackberry, raspberry), and bilberries and in a lower concentration in redcurrants, strawberries, and sweet oranges. Cyanidin 3-glucoside has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as common pea, peaches, Tartary buckwheats, soft-necked garlic, and fats and oils. This could make cyanidin 3-glucoside a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Cyanidin (and its glycosides) is the most commonly occurring of the anthocyanins, a widespread group of pigments responsible for the red-blue colour of many fruits and vegetables (PMID: 14711454 ). BioTransformer predicts that cyanidin 3-​glucoside is a product of cyanidin 3-​sophoroside metabolism via a glycoside-hydrolysis reaction occurring in human gut microbiota and catalyzed by the EC.3.2.1.X enzyme (PMID: 30612223 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC21H21O11
Average Molecular Weight449.3848
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight449.108386514
IUPAC Name2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1lambda4-chromen-1-ylium
Traditional Name2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1lambda4-chromen-1-ylium
CAS Registry Number47705-70-4
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](OC2=CC3=C(C=C(O)C=C3O)[O+]=C2C2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C21H20O11/c22-7-16-17(27)18(28)19(29)21(32-16)31-15-6-10-12(25)4-9(23)5-14(10)30-20(15)8-1-2-11(24)13(26)3-8/h1-6,16-19,21-22,27-29H,7H2,(H3-,23,24,25,26)/p+1/t16-,17-,18+,19-,21-/m1/s1
InChI KeyRKWHWFONKJEUEF-GQUPQBGVSA-O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anthocyanidin-3-o-glycosides. These are phenolic compounds containing one anthocyanidin moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to a carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassPhenylpropanoids and polyketides
ClassFlavonoids
Sub ClassFlavonoid glycosides
Direct ParentAnthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Anthocyanidin-3-o-glycoside
  • Flavonoid-3-o-glycoside
  • Hydroxyflavonoid
  • 3'-hydroxyflavonoid
  • 4'-hydroxyflavonoid
  • 7-hydroxyflavonoid
  • 5-hydroxyflavonoid
  • Anthocyanidin
  • Hexose monosaccharide
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Glycosyl compound
  • Benzopyran
  • 1-benzopyran
  • Catechol
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Benzenoid
  • Oxane
  • Monosaccharide
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Oxacycle
  • Polyol
  • Acetal
  • Primary alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic cation
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound ID9
FooDB IDFDB002603
KNApSAcK IDC00053092
Chemspider ID390284
KEGG Compound IDC08604
BioCyc IDCPD1F-766
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkChrysanthemin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound4481259
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28426
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Djoumbou-Feunang Y, Fiamoncini J, Gil-de-la-Fuente A, Greiner R, Manach C, Wishart DS: BioTransformer: a comprehensive computational tool for small molecule metabolism prediction and metabolite identification. J Cheminform. 2019 Jan 5;11(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s13321-018-0324-5. [PubMed:30612223 ]
  2. Galvano F, La Fauci L, Lazzarino G, Fogliano V, Ritieni A, Ciappellano S, Battistini NC, Tavazzi B, Galvano G: Cyanidins: metabolism and biological properties. J Nutr Biochem. 2004 Jan;15(1):2-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2003.07.004. [PubMed:14711454 ]
  3. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
  4. Djoumbou Feunang, Yannick (2017). Cheminformatics Tools for Enabling Metabolomics, 2017 (PhD thesis). University of Alberta.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in magnesium ion binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA and isoproterenol.
Gene Name:
COMT
Uniprot ID:
P21964
Molecular weight:
30036.77
Reactions
Cyanidin 3-glucoside → 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1λ⁴-chromen-1-yliumdetails
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.
Gene Name:
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID:
P22309
Molecular weight:
59590.91
Reactions
Cyanidin 3-glucoside → 2-{4-[(6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-3-hydroxyphenyl}-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1λ⁴-chromen-1-yliumdetails
Cyanidin 3-glucoside → 2-{3-[(6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-4-hydroxyphenyl}-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1λ⁴-chromen-1-yliumdetails
Cyanidin 3-glucoside → 5-[(6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1λ⁴-chromen-1-yliumdetails
Cyanidin 3-glucoside → (6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-7H-chromen-7-ylidene]oxidaniumdetails