| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2012-09-11 18:10:03 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:23:18 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0033433 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | (S)-Homostachydrine |
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| Description | (S)-Homostachydrine (also known as pipecolic acid betaine or homostachydrine) can be found in green coffee beans of Robusta and Arabica species (PMID: 27006213 ). (S)-Homostachydrine content is unaffected by coffee bean roasting treatment because of its remarkable heat stability. This makes it a good candidate marker for determining the content of Robusta and Arabica species in roasted coffee blends. (S)-Homostachydrine is also a potential marker of coffee consumption as it can be found in both human serum and human urine. It is also found in alfalfa seeds and leaves. More specifically, (S)-homostachydrine can be isolated from the seeds of Medicago sativa (alfalfa) as well as from Achillea millefolium (yarrow). (S)-Homostachydrine is also found in the fruits, seeds, and leaves of orange, lemon, and bergamot (PMID: 22208890 ). |
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| Structure | C[N+]1(C)CCCC[C@H]1C([O-])=O InChI=1S/C8H15NO2/c1-9(2)6-4-3-5-7(9)8(10)11/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3/t7-/m0/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| Homostachydrine | HMDB | | Pipecolic acid betaine | HMDB | | S-Homostachydrine | HMDB | | (2S)-1,1-Dimethylpiperidin-1-ium-2-carboxylic acid | Generator |
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| Chemical Formula | C8H15NO2 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 157.2102 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 157.110278729 |
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| IUPAC Name | (2S)-1,1-dimethylpiperidin-1-ium-2-carboxylate |
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| Traditional Name | homostachydrine |
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| CAS Registry Number | 472-22-0 |
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| SMILES | C[N+]1(C)CCCC[C@H]1C([O-])=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C8H15NO2/c1-9(2)6-4-3-5-7(9)8(10)11/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3/t7-/m0/s1 |
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| InChI Key | XULZWQRXYTVUTE-ZETCQYMHSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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| Direct Parent | L-alpha-amino acids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - L-alpha-amino acid
- Piperidinecarboxylic acid
- Piperidine
- Quaternary ammonium salt
- Tetraalkylammonium salt
- Carboxylic acid salt
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Azacycle
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Amine
- Organic salt
- Carbonyl group
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | - Pyrrolidine alkaloids (C08283 )
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | 300 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 1.09 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 9.1438 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 6.17 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 340.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 549.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 257.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 109.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 165.4 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 67.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 258.4 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 273.1 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 781.9 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 791.3 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 104.9 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1028.7 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 165.5 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 210.1 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 742.5 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 449.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 149.4 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| Spectra |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | | Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
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| Associated OMIM IDs | |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | FDB011471 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00001367 |
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| Chemspider ID | 390180 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C08283 |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound | 441447 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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| Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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| General References | - Servillo L, Giovane A, Casale R, Cautela D, D'Onofrio N, Balestrieri ML, Castaldo D: Homostachydrine (pipecolic acid betaine) as authentication marker of roasted blends of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (Robusta) beans. Food Chem. 2016 Aug 15;205:52-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.154. Epub 2016 Mar 3. [PubMed:27006213 ]
- Servillo L, Giovane A, Balestrieri ML, Ferrari G, Cautela D, Castaldo D: Occurrence of pipecolic acid and pipecolic acid betaine (homostachydrine) in Citrus genus plants. J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Jan 11;60(1):315-21. doi: 10.1021/jf204286r. Epub 2011 Dec 29. [PubMed:22208890 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
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