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Showing metabocard for Thiourea (HMDB0034155)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 18:57:01 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:23:55 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0034155
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB34155
Metabolite Identification
Common NameThiourea
DescriptionThiourea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen, with the formula CSN2H4 or (NH2)2CS. It is similar to urea, except that the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom. The properties of urea and thiourea differ significantly because of the relative electronegativities of sulfur and oxygen. Thiourea is a versatile reagent in organic synthesis. "Thioureas" refers to a broad class of compounds with the general structure (R1R2N)(R3R4N)C=S. Thioureas are related to thioamides, e.g. RC(S)NR2, where R is methyl, ethyl, etc. Thiourea is prohibited from use in food. Industrial uses of thiourea include production of flame retardant resins, and vulcanization accelerators. Thiourea is used as an auxiliary agent in diazo paper (light-sensitive photocopy paper) and almost all other types of copy paper. It is also used to tone silver-gelatin photographic prints. The liquid silver cleaning product TarnX is essentially a solution of thiourea. A leaching agent for gold leaching and silver leaching can be created by selectively oxidizing thiourea, bypassing the steps of cyanide use and smelting. Another common application for use of thiourea is a common sulfur source for making semiconductor cadmium sulfide nanoparticle. Thiourea is a planar molecule. The C=S bond distance is 1.60±0.1 for a wide range of derivatives. This narrow range indicates that the C=S bond is insensitive to the nature of the substitutent. Thus, the thioamide, which is similar to an amide group, is difficult to perturb. Thiourea reduces peroxides to the corresponding diols. The intermediate of the reaction is an unstable epidioxide which can only be identified at -100 °C. Epidioxide is similar to epoxide except with two oxygen atoms. This intermediate reduces to diol by thiourea
Structure
Data?1677000235
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0034155 (Thiourea)


  Mrv0541 02241217082D          

  4  3  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.0409   -0.6186    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0409    0.2064    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7015    0.6186    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7015    0.6186    0.0000 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  2  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0034155 (Thiourea)

HMDB0034155
     RDKit          3D
Thiourea
  8  7  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.1772   -0.3282    0.1396 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0151    0.4733   -0.1157 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2345   -0.1618   -0.0298 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2533    2.0299   -0.4778 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4459   -1.1218   -0.4765 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7457   -0.0865    0.9683 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5665   -0.7524   -0.8201 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8362   -0.0524    0.8120 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  2  0
  1  5  1  0
  1  6  1  0
  3  7  1  0
  3  8  1  0
M  END
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3D SDF for HMDB0034155 (Thiourea)


  Mrv0541 02241217082D          

  4  3  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.0409   -0.6186    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0409    0.2064    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7015    0.6186    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7015    0.6186    0.0000 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  2  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0034155

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
NC(N)=S

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/CH4N2S/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)

> <INCHI_KEY>
UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
CH4N2S

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
76.121

> <EXACT_MASS>
76.009518828

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
7.141024059749256

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
thiourea

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-1.07

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-0.4739642773333333

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-0.55

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
13.873046384703176

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-3.0000003721714186

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
52.04

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
21.133499999999998

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
2.12e+01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
thiourea

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0034155 (Thiourea)

HMDB0034155
     RDKit          3D
Thiourea
  8  7  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.1772   -0.3282    0.1396 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0151    0.4733   -0.1157 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2345   -0.1618   -0.0298 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2533    2.0299   -0.4778 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4459   -1.1218   -0.4765 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7457   -0.0865    0.9683 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5665   -0.7524   -0.8201 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8362   -0.0524    0.8120 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  2  0
  1  5  1  0
  1  6  1  0
  3  7  1  0
  3  8  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0034155 (Thiourea)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 24-FEB-12   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   24-FEB-12         0                                  
HETATM    1  N   UNK     0       0.076  -1.155   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       0.076   0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  N   UNK     0      -1.309   1.155   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    4  S   UNK     0       1.309   1.155   0.000  0.00  0.00           S+0
CONECT    1    2                                                            
CONECT    2    1    3    4                                                  
CONECT    3    2                                                            
CONECT    4    2                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    4    0    6    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0034155 (Thiourea)

COMPND    HMDB0034155
HETATM    1  N1  UNL     1      -1.177  -0.328   0.140  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1      -0.015   0.473  -0.116  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  N2  UNL     1       1.234  -0.162  -0.030  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    4  S1  UNL     1      -0.253   2.030  -0.478  1.00  0.00           S  
HETATM    5  H1  UNL     1      -1.446  -1.122  -0.477  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    6  H2  UNL     1      -1.746  -0.087   0.968  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    7  H3  UNL     1       1.566  -0.752  -0.820  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    8  H4  UNL     1       1.836  -0.052   0.812  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    5    6
CONECT    2    3    4    4
CONECT    3    7    8
END
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SMILES for HMDB0034155 (Thiourea)

NC(N)=S
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INCHI for HMDB0034155 (Thiourea)

InChI=1S/CH4N2S/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)
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View in JSmolView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-ThioureaChEBI
AminothioamideChEBI
AminothiocarboxamideChEBI
Carbonothioic diamideChEBI
H2NC(S)NH2ChEBI
ThiocarbamidChEBI
ThiocarbamideChEBI
Thiocarbonic acid diamideChEBI
ThioharnstoffChEBI
ThiokarbamidChEBI
tuChEBI
Thiocarbonate diamideGenerator
(NH2)2CSHMDB
2-thio-PseudoureaHMDB
2-thio-UreaHMDB
2-ThiopseudoureaHMDB
beta -ThiopseudoureaHMDB
beta-ThiopseudoureaHMDB
IsothioureaHMDB
PseudothioureaHMDB
SulfocarbamideHMDB
SulfoureaHMDB
SulfourenHMDB
SuloureaHMDB
thio-UreaHMDB
Thiocarbonic diamideHMDB
ThiomocovinaHMDB
Thiourea, acsHMDB
ThiureaHMDB
ThiuroniumHMDB
THUHMDB
TOUHMDB
Tsizp 34HMDB
Urea, thio- (8ci)HMDB
Chemical FormulaCH4N2S
Average Molecular Weight76.121
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight76.009518828
IUPAC Namethiourea
Traditional Namethiourea
CAS Registry Number62-56-6
SMILES
NC(N)=S
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/CH4N2S/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)
InChI KeyUMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as thioureas. These are organic compounds containing the thiourea functional group, a derivative of urea with the general structure (R1(N)R2C(=S)(R3)R4, R1-R4=H, alkyl, aryl), obtained by replacing the carbonyl group of urea with a thiocarbonyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganosulfur compounds
ClassThioureas
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentThioureas
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Thiourea
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
ProcessNot Available
Role
Biological roleIndustrial applicationEnvironmental role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point180 °CNot Available
Boiling Point186.00 to 187.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility142 mg/mL at 25 °CNot Available
LogP-1.08Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility21.2 g/LALOGPS
logP-1.1ALOGPS
logP-0.47ChemAxon
logS-0.55ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.87ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area52.04 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity21.13 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability7.14 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+111.72231661259
DarkChem[M-H]-104.1531661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+119.41330932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-117.54730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-152.89130932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+126.82330932474
AllCCS[M+H]+110.632859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+106.332859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+114.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+115.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-145.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-152.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-160.332859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
ThioureaNC(N)=S1807.2Standard polar33892256
ThioureaNC(N)=S779.0Standard non polar33892256
ThioureaNC(N)=S1451.9Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Thiourea,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(N)=S1234.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(N)=S1131.2Standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=S)N[Si](C)(C)C1402.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=S)N[Si](C)(C)C1254.9Standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N(C(N)=S)[Si](C)(C)C1347.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N(C(N)=S)[Si](C)(C)C1345.8Standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=S)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1413.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=S)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1379.3Standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=S)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1533.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=S)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C1549.8Standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(N)=S1425.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(N)=S1356.8Standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=S)N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1848.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=S)N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1627.1Standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(N)=S)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1756.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(N)=S)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1718.5Standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=S)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2054.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=S)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1962.4Standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=S)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2361.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Thiourea,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=S)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2272.4Standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Thiourea GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-056r-9000000000-8e5bcf535608a9c5c7952017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Thiourea GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-004l-9000000000-266e84d73e39423453202014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-fc85c4c4965deff19a4b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-9df13a5f6817f41fe8cf2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-5e86038161f25d0f48202021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-006549670e02390c97cb2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-6c868e007f78c8b9e10e2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-837112ddd5e6429124e72021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-9000000000-63a30c532af48a8e12b12016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-9000000000-1447f942ca93d2d6a2c72016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-c202fd1bcbae71404d362016-08-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004l-9000000000-47b3f247781166d2b51a2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-056r-9000000000-f31b460d9dd139df11da2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-052f-9000000000-6c446727638b12dd42622016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a6u-9000000000-ca5a647850195cd117e72021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-286b63d3516de7d14a122021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-286b63d3516de7d14a122021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a6r-9000000000-41ef030e882c2237b1422021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-921fd3a13e7c6371da152021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Thiourea 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-921fd3a13e7c6371da152021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-04FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-04FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB012439
KNApSAcK IDC00013578
Chemspider ID2005981
KEGG Compound IDC14415
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkThiourea
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound2723790
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID36946
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1289221
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Chen MH, Chen Z, Song BA, Bhadury PS, Yang S, Cai XJ, Hu DY, Xue W, Zeng S: Synthesis and antiviral activities of chiral thiourea derivatives containing an alpha-aminophosphonate moiety. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Feb 25;57(4):1383-8. doi: 10.1021/jf803215t. [PubMed:19199594 ]
  2. Shankar V, Pandeya SN: Synthesis of a series of new N1-[4-(4-nitrophenylthio)phenyl]-N3-(H/alkyl/acyl/aryl) thioureas and their antifungal, insecticidal and larvicidal activities. Arzneimittelforschung. 1981;31(5):753-6. [PubMed:7196731 ]
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