Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2012-09-11 19:37:59 UTC |
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Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:54:13 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0034731 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Tomatidine |
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Description | Tomatidine is the aglycone derivative of tomatine. Tomatidine belongs to the chemical family known as Spirosolanes and Derivatives. These are steroidal alkaloids whose structure contains a spirosolane skeleton. Tomatine (the glycosylated form of tomatidine) is a mildly toxic glycoalkaloid or glycospirosolane found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants as well as in the fruit of unripened (green) tomatoes (up to 500 mg/kg). Red, ripe tomatoes have somewhat reduced amounts of tomatine and tomatidine. Both tomatine and tomatidine possess antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral properties. Tomatidine has been shown to exhibit anti-virulence activity against normal strains of Staphylococcus aureus as well as the ability to potentiate the effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics (PMID: 24877760 ). Recent studies have shown that tomatidine stimulates mTORC1 signaling and anabolism, leading to accumulation of protein and mitochondria, and ultimately, cell growth. Furthermore, in mice, tomatidine has been shown to increase skeletal muscle mTORC1 signaling, reduce skeletal muscle atrophy, enhance recovery from skeletal muscle atrophy, stimulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and increase strength and exercise capacity (PMID: 24719321 ). Tomatidine has also been shown to significantly inhibit cholesterol ester accumulation induced by acetylated LDL in human monocyte-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Tomatidine also inhibits cholesterol ester formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT)-1 or ACAT-2, suggesting that tomatidine suppresses both ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 activities. The oral administration of tomatidine to apoE-deficient mice significantly reduces levels of serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and the size of atherosclerotic lesions (PMID: 22224814 ). |
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Structure | CC1C2C(CC3C4CCC5CC(O)CCC5(C)C4CCC23C)OC11CCC(C)CN1 InChI=1S/C27H45NO2/c1-16-7-12-27(28-15-16)17(2)24-23(30-27)14-22-20-6-5-18-13-19(29)8-10-25(18,3)21(20)9-11-26(22,24)4/h16-24,28-29H,5-15H2,1-4H3 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(22S,25S)-5alpha-Spirosolan-3beta-ol | HMDB | (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)-Spirosolan-3-ol | HMDB | (3beta,5alpha,25S)-Spirosolan-3-ol | HMDB | 5a-Tomatidan-3b-ol, 8ci | HMDB | 5alpha -Tomatidan-3beta -ol | HMDB | 5alpha-Tomatidan-3beta-ol | HMDB | 5alpha-Tomatidan-3beta-ol (8ci) | HMDB | Spirosolan-3-ol | HMDB | Spirosolan-3-ol, (3alpha ,22alpha -tomatidan-3beta -ol | HMDB | Spirosolan-3-ol, (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)- (9ci) | HMDB | Tomatidin | HMDB | Soladulcidine | MeSH | Tomatidine, (3beta,5alpha,22alpha,25R)-isomer | MeSH | 5 alpha,20 beta(F),22 alpha(F),25 beta(F),27- Azaspirostan-3 beta-ol | MeSH |
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Chemical Formula | C27H45NO2 |
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Average Molecular Weight | 415.6517 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 415.345029689 |
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IUPAC Name | 5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-5-oxaspiro[pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane-6,2'-piperidine]-16-ol |
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Traditional Name | tomatidine |
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CAS Registry Number | 77-59-8 |
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SMILES | CC1C2C(CC3C4CCC5CC(O)CCC5(C)C4CCC23C)OC11CCC(C)CN1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C27H45NO2/c1-16-7-12-27(28-15-16)17(2)24-23(30-27)14-22-20-6-5-18-13-19(29)8-10-25(18,3)21(20)9-11-26(22,24)4/h16-24,28-29H,5-15H2,1-4H3 |
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InChI Key | XYNPYHXGMWJBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as spirosolanes and derivatives. These are steroidal alkaloids with a structure containing a spirosolane skeleton. Siporosolane is a polycyclic compound that is characterized by a 1-oxa-6-azaspiro[4.5]Decane moiety where the oxolane ring is fused to a docosahydronaphth[2,1:4',5']Indene ring system. Spirosolane arises from the conversion of a cholestane side-chain into a bicyclic system containing a piperidine and a tetrahydrofuran ring. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Steroids and steroid derivatives |
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Sub Class | Steroidal alkaloids |
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Direct Parent | Spirosolanes and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Spirosolane skeleton
- 3-hydroxysteroid
- Hydroxysteroid
- Azasteroid
- Azaspirodecane
- Alkaloid or derivatives
- Piperidine
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Cyclic alcohol
- Secondary alcohol
- Hemiaminal
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Oxacycle
- Secondary amine
- Azacycle
- Secondary aliphatic amine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Amine
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | |
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Process | |
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Role | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatizedDerivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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Tomatidine,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC1CCC2(NC1)OC1CC3C4CCC5CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC5(C)C4CCC3(C)C1C2C | 3459.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Tomatidine,1TMS,isomer #2 | CC1CCC2(OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(O)CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C1 | 3447.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Tomatidine,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC1CCC2(OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C1 | 3403.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Tomatidine,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC1CCC2(OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C1 | 3427.8 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | Tomatidine,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1CCC2(NC1)OC1CC3C4CCC5CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC5(C)C4CCC3(C)C1C2C | 3693.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Tomatidine,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC1CCC2(OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(O)CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1 | 3650.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Tomatidine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1CCC2(OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1 | 3834.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | Tomatidine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC1CCC2(OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1 | 3960.8 | Standard non polar | 33892256 |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Tomatidine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0zg0-1129200000-5d9e624514d0944e171c | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Tomatidine GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-05fr-2215900000-9b8851953955b216ad28 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Tomatidine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014j-0009600000-59abef74949d70a8cafc | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0avj-0198200000-9c90978a91bba76ca55a | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-05fr-5269000000-c49d77f03cb7c42696cd | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014j-0009600000-59abef74949d70a8cafc | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0avj-0198200000-9c90978a91bba76ca55a | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-05fr-5269000000-c49d77f03cb7c42696cd | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0002900000-0177947b1b0afba7dd49 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0009600000-594f89795c2e81f4b990 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-052f-3119000000-96f892c1d44b480cfcca | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0002900000-0177947b1b0afba7dd49 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0009600000-594f89795c2e81f4b990 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-052f-3119000000-96f892c1d44b480cfcca | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014i-0002900000-c098f83c1fc2f2160cf3 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014j-3579800000-be21ff49c8422a55ae65 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-059y-3950000000-8454b0799a2b0fd68bfa | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0000900000-713eea1f92e6cf59257a | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0001900000-a98be16fc6ee5b3252a6 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tomatidine 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-0239800000-e6773abcff13370b5fc4 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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General References | - Chagnon F, Guay I, Bonin MA, Mitchell G, Bouarab K, Malouin F, Marsault E: Unraveling the structure-activity relationship of tomatidine, a steroid alkaloid with unique antibiotic properties against persistent forms of Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Med Chem. 2014 Jun 10;80:605-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.019. [PubMed:24877760 ]
- Dyle MC, Ebert SM, Cook DP, Kunkel SD, Fox DK, Bongers KS, Bullard SA, Dierdorff JM, Adams CM: Systems-based discovery of tomatidine as a natural small molecule inhibitor of skeletal muscle atrophy. J Biol Chem. 2014 May 23;289(21):14913-24. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.556241. Epub 2014 Apr 9. [PubMed:24719321 ]
- Fujiwara Y, Kiyota N, Tsurushima K, Yoshitomi M, Horlad H, Ikeda T, Nohara T, Takeya M, Nagai R: Tomatidine, a tomato sapogenol, ameliorates hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by inhibiting acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT). J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Mar 14;60(10):2472-9. doi: 10.1021/jf204197r. Epub 2012 Feb 28. [PubMed:22224814 ]
- Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
- Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
- Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
- Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
- Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.
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