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Showing Protein Stimulator of interferon genes protein (HMDBP12693)

IdentificationBiological propertiesGene propertiesProtein propertiesExternal linksReferencesXMLShow 0 metabolites
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP12693
Secondary Accession Numbers None
Name Stimulator of interferon genes protein
Synonyms
  1. STING
  2. Transmembrane protein 173
Gene Name STING1
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Not Available
Specific Function Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) (PubMed:23091644). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm (PubMed:23091644). Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol (By similarity). Upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, STING1 oligomerizes and is able to activate both NF-kappa-B and irf3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state (PubMed:30842662). In addition to promote the production of type I interferons, plays a direct role in autophagy (PubMed:30842662). Following cGAMP-binding, STING1 buds from the endoplasmic reticulum into COPII vesicles, which then form the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). The ERGIC serves as the membrane source for LC3 lipidation, leading to formation of autophagosomes that target cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses for degradation by the lysosome. The autophagy- and interferon-inducing activities can be uncoupled and autophagy induction is independent of TBK1 phosphorylation. Exhibits 2',3' phosphodiester linkage-specific ligand recognition: can bind both 2'-3' linked cGAMP and 3'-3' linked cGAMP but is preferentially activated by 2'-3' linked cGAMP (By similarity).
Pathways
  • Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway
  • Herpes simplex virus 1 infection
  • NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
  • RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Biological Process
activation of innate immune response
autophagosome assembly
reticulophagy
NIK/NF-kappaB signaling
regulation of autophagy
positive regulation of macroautophagy
response to virus
cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to virus
defense response to virus
innate immune response
positive regulation of defense response to virus by host
positive regulation of type I interferon production
Cellular Component
endoplasmic reticulum membrane
endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
perinuclear region of cytoplasm
autophagic vacuole membrane
autophagosome
cytoplasmic vesicle
integral to membrane
Molecular Function
cyclic-di-GMP binding
cyclic-GMP-AMP binding
Cellular Location Not Available
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Not Available
Locus Not Available
SNPs Not Available
Gene Sequence Not Available
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 398
Molecular Weight 45298.715
Theoretical pI 6.463
Pfam Domain Function
Signals Not Available
Transmembrane Regions
  • 17-37;45-65;92-112;121-141;
Protein Sequence Not Available
GenBank ID Protein Not Available
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID E7F4N7
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name STING_DANRE
PDB IDs
GenBank Gene ID Not Available
GeneCard ID Not Available
GenAtlas ID Not Available
HGNC ID Not Available
References
General References
  1. Howe K, Clark MD, Torroja CF, Torrance J, Berthelot C, Muffato M, Collins JE, Humphray S, McLaren K, Matthews L, McLaren S, Sealy I, Caccamo M, Churcher C, Scott C, Barrett JC, Koch R, Rauch GJ, White S, Chow W, Kilian B, Quintais LT, Guerra-Assuncao JA, Zhou Y, Gu Y, Yen J, Vogel JH, Eyre T, Redmond S, Banerjee R, Chi J, Fu B, Langley E, Maguire SF, Laird GK, Lloyd D, Kenyon E, Donaldson S, Sehra H, Almeida-King J, Loveland J, Trevanion S, Jones M, Quail M, Willey D, Hunt A, Burton J, Sims S, McLay K, Plumb B, Davis J, Clee C, Oliver K, Clark R, Riddle C, Elliot D, Threadgold G, Harden G, Ware D, Begum S, Mortimore B, Kerry G, Heath P, Phillimore B, Tracey A, Corby N, Dunn M, Johnson C, Wood J, Clark S, Pelan S, Griffiths G, Smith M, Glithero R, Howden P, Barker N, Lloyd C, Stevens C, Harley J, Holt K, Panagiotidis G, Lovell J, Beasley H, Henderson C, Gordon D, Auger K, Wright D, Collins J, Raisen C, Dyer L, Leung K, Robertson L, Ambridge K, Leongamornlert D, McGuire S, Gilderthorp R, Griffiths C, Manthravadi D, Nichol S, Barker G, Whitehead S, Kay M, Brown J, Murnane C, Gray E, Humphries M, Sycamore N, Barker D, Saunders D, Wallis J, Babbage A, Hammond S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Barr L, Martin S, Wray P, Ellington A, Matthews N, Ellwood M, Woodmansey R, Clark G, Cooper J, Tromans A, Grafham D, Skuce C, Pandian R, Andrews R, Harrison E, Kimberley A, Garnett J, Fosker N, Hall R, Garner P, Kelly D, Bird C, Palmer S, Gehring I, Berger A, Dooley CM, Ersan-Urun Z, Eser C, Geiger H, Geisler M, Karotki L, Kirn A, Konantz J, Konantz M, Oberlander M, Rudolph-Geiger S, Teucke M, Lanz C, Raddatz G, Osoegawa K, Zhu B, Rapp A, Widaa S, Langford C, Yang F, Schuster SC, Carter NP, Harrow J, Ning Z, Herrero J, Searle SM, Enright A, Geisler R, Plasterk RH, Lee C, Westerfield M, de Jong PJ, Zon LI, Postlethwait JH, Nusslein-Volhard C, Hubbard TJ, Roest Crollius H, Rogers J, Stemple DL: The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome. Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):498-503. doi: 10.1038/nature12111. Epub 2013 Apr 17. [PubMed:23594743 ]
  2. Biacchesi S, Merour E, Lamoureux A, Bernard J, Bremont M: Both STING and MAVS fish orthologs contribute to the induction of interferon mediated by RIG-I. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47737. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047737. Epub 2012 Oct 16. [PubMed:23091644 ]
  3. Gui X, Yang H, Li T, Tan X, Shi P, Li M, Du F, Chen ZJ: Autophagy induction via STING trafficking is a primordial function of the cGAS pathway. Nature. 2019 Mar;567(7747):262-266. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1006-9. Epub 2019 Mar 6. [PubMed:30842662 ]