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Showing metabocard for Pipecolic acid (HMDB0000070)

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enzymes (1) Show 1 protein
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-05-30 20:55:50 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000070
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00070
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePipecolic acid
DescriptionPipecolic acid is a metabolite of lysine found in human physiological fluids such as urine, plasma and CSF. However, it is uncertain if pipecolic acid originates directly from food intake or from mammalian or intestinal bacterial enzyme metabolism. Recent studies suggest that plasma pipecolic acid, particularly the D-isomer, originates mainly from the catabolism of dietary lysine by intestinal bacteria rather than by direct food intake. In classic Zellweger syndrome (a cerebro-hepato-renal genetic disorder, OMIM 214100 ) pipecolic acid accumulate in the plasma of the patients. It is known that plasma pipecolic acid levels are also elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases. Pipecolic acid is moderately elevated in patients with pyridoxine-dependent seizures and might therefore be a possible biochemical marker for selecting candidates for pyridoxine therapy (Plecko et al 2000). Pipecolic acid was also elevated in CSF in these vitamin B6-responsive patients (PMID 12705501 ). Pipecolic acid is found to be associated with adrenoleukodystrophy, infantile Refsum disease, and peroxisomal biogenesis defect, which are also inborn errors of metabolism. Pipecolic acid is a biomarker for the consumption of dried and cooked beans.
Structure
Data?1676999669
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000070 (Pipecolic acid)


  Mrv1652305201901062D          

  9  9  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.8250    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    2.0625    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    2.4750    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    2.4750    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
  1  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  2  0  0  0  0
  6  1  1  0  0  0  0
  9  7  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0000070 (Pipecolic acid)

HMDB0000070
     RDKit          3D
Pipecolic acid
 20 20  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.7271    1.3582   -0.5772 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2722    0.2354   -0.2054 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.1517   -0.8255   -0.1684 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8562    0.0986    0.1665 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2186   -0.8442   -0.8638 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2673   -0.8897   -0.6662 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7506   -0.1065    0.5091 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1283    1.2334    0.6678 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1651    1.3520    0.0393 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9514   -1.5955    0.4624 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7203   -0.2702    1.1856 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7043   -1.8199   -0.8247 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3869   -0.3179   -1.8491 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5556   -1.9586   -0.5186 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8385   -0.5647   -1.5766 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6728   -0.7586    1.4059 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8586    0.0486    0.3637 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7778    2.0293    0.2558 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9853    1.4305    1.7691 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6809    2.1653    0.4247 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9  4  1  0
  3 10  1  0
  4 11  1  0
  5 12  1  0
  5 13  1  0
  6 14  1  0
  6 15  1  0
  7 16  1  0
  7 17  1  0
  8 18  1  0
  8 19  1  0
  9 20  1  0
M  END
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3D SDF for HMDB0000070 (Pipecolic acid)


  Mrv1652305201901062D          

  9  9  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.7145    1.2375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.8250    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    2.0625    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    2.4750    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    2.4750    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
  1  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  2  0  0  0  0
  6  1  1  0  0  0  0
  9  7  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000070

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
OC(=O)C1CCCCN1

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H11NO2/c8-6(9)5-3-1-2-4-7-5/h5,7H,1-4H2,(H,8,9)

> <INCHI_KEY>
HXEACLLIILLPRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H11NO2

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
129.157

> <EXACT_MASS>
129.078978601

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
20

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
13.474269717299649

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
piperidine-2-carboxylic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-2.17

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-2.1239620485400845

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.09

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
2.063103444066459

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
10.388033490366288

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
49.33

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
32.6653

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
1.58e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
(+,-)-pipecolic acid

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
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3D-SDF for HMDB0000070 (Pipecolic acid)

HMDB0000070
     RDKit          3D
Pipecolic acid
 20 20  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.7271    1.3582   -0.5772 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2722    0.2354   -0.2054 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.1517   -0.8255   -0.1684 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8562    0.0986    0.1665 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2186   -0.8442   -0.8638 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2673   -0.8897   -0.6662 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7506   -0.1065    0.5091 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1283    1.2334    0.6678 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1651    1.3520    0.0393 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9514   -1.5955    0.4624 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7203   -0.2702    1.1856 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7043   -1.8199   -0.8247 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3869   -0.3179   -1.8491 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5556   -1.9586   -0.5186 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8385   -0.5647   -1.5766 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6728   -0.7586    1.4059 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8586    0.0486    0.3637 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7778    2.0293    0.2558 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9853    1.4305    1.7691 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6809    2.1653    0.4247 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9  4  1  0
  3 10  1  0
  4 11  1  0
  5 12  1  0
  5 13  1  0
  6 14  1  0
  6 15  1  0
  7 16  1  0
  7 17  1  0
  8 18  1  0
  8 19  1  0
  9 20  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0000070 (Pipecolic acid)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 20-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   20-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0       1.334   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       2.667   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       2.667   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0       1.334  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       0.000   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  N   UNK     0       0.000   1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0       1.334   3.850   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0       0.000   4.620   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  O   UNK     0       2.667   4.620   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2    7    6                                                  
CONECT    2    1    3                                                       
CONECT    3    2    4                                                       
CONECT    4    3    5                                                       
CONECT    5    4    6                                                       
CONECT    6    5    1                                                       
CONECT    7    1    8    9                                                  
CONECT    8    7                                                            
CONECT    9    7                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    9    0   18    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0000070 (Pipecolic acid)

COMPND    HMDB0000070
HETATM    1  O1  UNL     1       2.727   1.358  -0.577  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1       2.272   0.235  -0.205  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  O2  UNL     1       3.152  -0.825  -0.168  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    4  C2  UNL     1       0.856   0.099   0.167  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C3  UNL     1       0.219  -0.844  -0.864  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C4  UNL     1      -1.267  -0.890  -0.666  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  C5  UNL     1      -1.751  -0.106   0.509  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  C6  UNL     1      -1.128   1.233   0.668  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  N1  UNL     1       0.165   1.352   0.039  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM   10  H1  UNL     1       2.951  -1.595   0.462  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H2  UNL     1       0.720  -0.270   1.186  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H3  UNL     1       0.704  -1.820  -0.825  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H4  UNL     1       0.387  -0.318  -1.849  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H5  UNL     1      -1.556  -1.959  -0.519  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H6  UNL     1      -1.838  -0.565  -1.577  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H7  UNL     1      -1.673  -0.759   1.406  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H8  UNL     1      -2.859   0.049   0.364  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H9  UNL     1      -1.778   2.029   0.256  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   19  H10 UNL     1      -0.985   1.430   1.769  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   20  H11 UNL     1       0.681   2.165   0.425  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    2
CONECT    2    3    4
CONECT    3   10
CONECT    4    5    9   11
CONECT    5    6   12   13
CONECT    6    7   14   15
CONECT    7    8   16   17
CONECT    8    9   18   19
CONECT    9   20
END
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SMILES for HMDB0000070 (Pipecolic acid)

OC(=O)C1CCCCN1
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INCHI for HMDB0000070 (Pipecolic acid)

InChI=1S/C6H11NO2/c8-6(9)5-3-1-2-4-7-5/h5,7H,1-4H2,(H,8,9)
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-Piperidinecarboxylic acidChEBI
HomoprolineChEBI
Pipecolinic acidChEBI
2-PiperidinecarboxylateGenerator
PipecolinateGenerator
PipecolateGenerator
()-Piperidine-2-carboxylic acidHMDB
(+/-)-2-piperidinecarboxylateHMDB
(+/-)-2-piperidinecarboxylic acidHMDB
(+/-)-pipecolateHMDB
(+/-)-pipecolic acidHMDB
(+/-)-pipecolinateHMDB
(+/-)-pipecolinic acidHMDB
(.+/-.)-2-piperidinecarboxylic acidHMDB
(RS)-2-PiperidinecarboxylateHMDB
(RS)-2-Piperidinecarboxylic acidHMDB
.alpha.-pipecolinic acidHMDB
2-CarboxypiperidineHMDB
2-Pipecolinic acidHMDB
2-Piperidinylcarboxylic acidHMDB
a-PipecolinateHMDB
a-Pipecolinic acidHMDB
Acide pipecoliqueHMDB
Acide piperidine-carboxylique-2HMDB
alpha-PipecolinateHMDB
alpha-Pipecolinic acidHMDB
DihydrobaikianeHMDB
DL-2-PiperidinecarboxylateHMDB
DL-2-Piperidinecarboxylic acidHMDB
DL-HomoprolineHMDB
DL-PipecolateHMDB, Generator
DL-Pipecolic acidHMDB
DL-PipecolinateHMDB
DL-Pipecolinic acidHMDB
hexahydro-2-PicolinateHMDB
hexahydro-2-Picolinic acidHMDB
HexahydropicolinateHMDB
Hexahydropicolinic acidHMDB
Pipecolic acid free baseHMDB
Piperidine-2-carboxylic acidHMDB
PiperolinateHMDB
Piperolinic acidHMDB
L-Pipecolic acidMeSH, HMDB
Pipecolic acid, (R)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Pipecolic acid, ion (1-)MeSH, HMDB
Pipecolic acid, monopotassium saltMeSH, HMDB
Pipecolic acid hydrochloride, (+-)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Pipecolic acid, (S)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Pipecolic acid, 14C-labeled CPD, (+,-)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Homopipecolic acidMeSH, HMDB
Pipecolic acid, (+,-)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Pipecolic acid, ion(1-), (+,-)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Pipecolic acid, ion(1-), (S)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Piperidine-2-carboxylateGenerator, HMDB
Pipecolic acidMeSH
Chemical FormulaC6H11NO2
Average Molecular Weight129.157
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight129.078978601
IUPAC Namepiperidine-2-carboxylic acid
Traditional Name(+,-)-pipecolic acid
CAS Registry Number535-75-1
SMILES
OC(=O)C1CCCCN1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H11NO2/c8-6(9)5-3-1-2-4-7-5/h5,7H,1-4H2,(H,8,9)
InChI KeyHXEACLLIILLPRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentAlpha amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • Piperidinecarboxylic acid
  • Piperidine
  • Amino acid
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Secondary amine
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Source
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point264 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility314 mg/mLNot Available
LogP-2.31TSAI,RS ET AL. (1991)
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility158 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.2ALOGPS
logP-2.1ChemAxon
logS0.09ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.06ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)10.39ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area49.33 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity32.67 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability13.47 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+126.79631661259
DarkChem[M-H]-119.6731661259
DarkChem[M+H]+126.79631661259
DarkChem[M-H]-119.6731661259
AllCCS[M+H]+127.7732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-125.3132859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+125.82330932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-122.37230932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-159.39130932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+134.59530932474
AllCCS[M+H]+127.832859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+123.032859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+132.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+133.532859911
AllCCS[M-H]-125.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-127.432859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-129.732859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.1.09 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 20228.8951 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20225.99 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid351.7 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Pipecolic acidOC(=O)C1CCCCN11881.1Standard polar33892256
Pipecolic acidOC(=O)C1CCCCN11156.3Standard non polar33892256
Pipecolic acidOC(=O)C1CCCCN11256.0Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Pipecolic acid,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCCN11263.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Pipecolic acid,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1CCCCC1C(=O)O1344.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Pipecolic acid,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCCN1[Si](C)(C)C1356.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Pipecolic acid,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCCN1[Si](C)(C)C1394.2Standard non polar33892256
Pipecolic acid,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCCN1[Si](C)(C)C1694.1Standard polar33892256
Pipecolic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCCN11497.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Pipecolic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1CCCCC1C(=O)O1572.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Pipecolic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1842.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Pipecolic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1813.2Standard non polar33892256
Pipecolic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1CCCCN1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1963.5Standard polar33892256
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Amniotic Fluid
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Intestine
  • Liver
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
Amniotic FluidDetected and Quantified4.65 (2.24 - 8.40) uMNot SpecifiedBothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified2.46 +/- 1.26 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.4-4.9 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified2.0 +/- 0.8 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified<4 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.774-54.198 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.540-2.460 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified<3 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified<2.323 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Female
Normal		 details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-10 uMChildren (6 - 18 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-10 uMChildren (3 months - 6 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-5 uMInfant (1 - 3 months old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-5 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified10.0 (0.0-20.0) uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified1.46 (0.70-2.46) uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified1.20 +/- 0.11 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified5.73 (3.75 - 10.8) uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.75 (0.0-1.5) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.08 (0.07-0.10) uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.017 +/- 0.005 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified<1.5 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.056 (0.009 - 0.120) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified<1.6 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0-0.15 uMAdolescent (>11 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0-0.15 uMChildren (0 - 10 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected and Quantified61.166 +/- 74.328 nmol/g wet fecesNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<6 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<0.565 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.03 +/-0.07 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.15 (0.14-0.24) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • Analysis of 40 NI...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.03 +/- 0.07 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.032 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 0.64 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>21 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 0.64 umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13 - 21 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 0.64 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (4 - 13 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 0.64 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (2 - 4 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 0.64 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 2 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 5.09 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (6 months - <1 year old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 13.91 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (1 - 6 months old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0 - 25.33 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.28 (0.0-0.56) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified< 0.566 umol/mmol creatinineNot AvailableNot AvailableNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified27.0988-162.593 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNeonatal adrenoleukodystrophy details
BloodDetected and Quantified21 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Male
Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified9.22 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not Specified
Zellweger syndrome		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified4.1 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified<3.871 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedAdrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Schizophrenia		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified<3.871 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not Specified
Refsum disease, classic, adult-onset		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-1.660 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not Specified
Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-38.713 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not Specified
Refsum disease, juvenile		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified15-64 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleInfantile Refsum disease details
BloodDetected and Quantified170.335-185.820 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not Specified
Refsum disease, infantile		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified232.275-363.898 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Male
Peroxisomal disorders, new type, liver		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified26.325-216.790 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Both
Zellweger syndrome		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified38.712-154.85 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleInfantile Refsum's disease details
BloodDetected and Quantified39.6 uMInfant (0-1 year old)BothInfantile Refsum disease details
BloodDetected and Quantified4.120-280 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified79.0 (5.0 - 378.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothPeroxisomal biogenesis defect details
BloodDetected and Quantified60.860-62.100 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Female
Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder		 details
BloodDetected and Quantified2.8-23 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedPyridoxine dependency with seizures (PDE) details
BloodDetected and Quantified2.3 uMInfant (0-1 year old)MalePseudo Zellweger->D-bifunctional protein deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified0-1.66 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothPseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.053 (0.023-0.083) uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Brain injury		 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified<0.5 - 3.5 uMChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleInfantile Refsum disease details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified24-33 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothHyperlysinemia I, familial details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified1-2 uMChildren (1-13 years old)MaleHyperpipecolatemia details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.19 (0.17-0.21) uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Malaria		 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.38 (0.11-1.26) uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Anemia		 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.18 (0.14-0.22) uMNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedMalaria details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.17 (0.12-0.23) uMNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Tuberculous meningitis		 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified1.8 uMInfant (0-1 year old)BothInfantile Refsum disease details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.06 (0.02-0.26) uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Malaria		 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified1.715 (0.33 - 3.10) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothPeroxisomal biogenesis defect details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.05 (0.02-0.09) uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not Specified
Convulsions		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)MalePeriodontal Probing Depth details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothOral cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)FemaleBreast cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedPancreatic cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedPeriodontal diseases details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.0 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)BothInfantile Refsum disease details
UrineDetected and Quantified0-5.314 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)MaleInfantile Refsum disease details
UrineDetected and Quantified3.3 (1.5-5.0) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothAdrenoleukodystrophy
    • MetaGene: Metabol...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified49.4 (8.4-90.4) umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)BothAdrenoleukodystrophy (ALD)
    • MetaGene: Metabol...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.02-228.3 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedZellweger Syndrome details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.93-70 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)BothPseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy details
UrineDetected and Quantified4.522 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)MaleHyperpipecolatemia details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Schizophrenia		 details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Infantile Refsum's disease
  1. Poll-The BT, Saudubray JM, Ogier H, Schutgens RB, Wanders RJ, Schrakamp G, van den Bosch H, Trijbels JM, Poulos A, Moser HW, et al.: Infantile Refsum's disease: biochemical findings suggesting multiple peroxisomal dysfunction. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1986;9(2):169-74. [PubMed:2427795 ]
  2. Poulos A, Sharp P, Fellenberg AJ, Danks DM: Cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum's disease: plasma changes and skin fibroblast phytanic acid oxidase. Hum Genet. 1985;70(2):172-7. [PubMed:2408988 ]
  3. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
  1. Poll-The BT, Roels F, Ogier H, Scotto J, Vamecq J, Schutgens RB, Wanders RJ, van Roermund CW, van Wijland MJ, Schram AW, et al.: A new peroxisomal disorder with enlarged peroxisomes and a specific deficiency of acyl-CoA oxidase (pseudo-neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy). Am J Hum Genet. 1988 Mar;42(3):422-34. [PubMed:2894756 ]
D-Bifunctional protein deficiency
  1. Watkins PA, Chen WW, Harris CJ, Hoefler G, Hoefler S, Blake DC Jr, Balfe A, Kelley RI, Moser AB, Beard ME, et al.: Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1989 Mar;83(3):771-7. [PubMed:2921319 ]
Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy
  1. Plecko B, Paul K, Paschke E, Stoeckler-Ipsiroglu S, Struys E, Jakobs C, Hartmann H, Luecke T, di Capua M, Korenke C, Hikel C, Reutershahn E, Freilinger M, Baumeister F, Bosch F, Erwa W: Biochemical and molecular characterization of 18 patients with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy and mutations of the antiquitin (ALDH7A1) gene. Hum Mutat. 2007 Jan;28(1):19-26. [PubMed:17068770 ]
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata
  1. Baumgartner MR, Poll-The BT, Verhoeven NM, Jakobs C, Espeel M, Roels F, Rabier D, Levade T, Rolland MO, Martinez M, Wanders RJ, Saudubray JM: Clinical approach to inherited peroxisomal disorders: a series of 27 patients. Ann Neurol. 1998 Nov;44(5):720-30. [PubMed:9818927 ]
Refsum's disease
  1. Poulos A, Sharp P, Fellenberg AJ, Danks DM: Cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum's disease: plasma changes and skin fibroblast phytanic acid oxidase. Hum Genet. 1985;70(2):172-7. [PubMed:2408988 ]
Peroxisomal disorders, new type, liver
  1. Mandel H, Espeel M, Roels F, Sofer N, Luder A, Iancu TC, Aizin A, Berant M, Wanders RJ, Schutgens RB: A new type of peroxisomal disorder with variable expression in liver and fibroblasts. J Pediatr. 1994 Oct;125(4):549-55. [PubMed:7931872 ]
  2. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Traumatic brain injury
  1. Smythe GA, Poljak A, Bustamante S, Braga O, Maxwell A, Grant R, Sachdev P: ECNI GC-MS analysis of picolinic and quinolinic acids and their amides in human plasma, CSF, and brain tissue. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2003;527:705-12. [PubMed:15206793 ]
Malaria
  1. Medana IM, Hien TT, Day NP, Phu NH, Mai NT, Chu'ong LV, Chau TT, Taylor A, Salahifar H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Turner GD, Farrar J, White NJ, Hunt NH: The clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites and lactate in severe malaria. J Infect Dis. 2002 Mar 1;185(5):650-6. Epub 2002 Feb 14. [PubMed:11865422 ]
  2. Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed:12964115 ]
Anemia
  1. Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed:12964115 ]
Tuberculous meningitis
  1. Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed:12964115 ]
Convulsion
  1. Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed:12964115 ]
Hyperpipecolatemia
  1. Gatfield PD, Taller E, Hinton GG, Wallace AC, Abdelnour GM, Haust MD: Hyperpipecolatemia: A new metabolic disorder associated with neuropathy and hepatomegaly: A case study. Can Med Assoc J. 1968 Dec 28;99(25):1215-33. [PubMed:5700850 ]
Hyperlysinemia I, familial
  1. Tondo M, Calpena E, Arriola G, Sanz P, Martorell L, Ormazabal A, Castejon E, Palacin M, Ugarte M, Espinos C, Perez B, Perez-Duenas B, Perez-Cerda C, Artuch R: Clinical, biochemical, molecular and therapeutic aspects of 2 new cases of 2-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab. 2013 Nov;110(3):231-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.021. Epub 2013 Jul 6. [PubMed:23890588 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Periodontal Probing Depth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Periodontal disease
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Pancreatic cancer
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Schizophrenia
  1. Yang J, Chen T, Sun L, Zhao Z, Qi X, Zhou K, Cao Y, Wang X, Qiu Y, Su M, Zhao A, Wang P, Yang P, Wu J, Feng G, He L, Jia W, Wan C: Potential metabolite markers of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Jan;18(1):67-78. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.131. Epub 2011 Oct 25. [PubMed:22024767 ]
  2. Al Awam K, Haussleiter IS, Dudley E, Donev R, Brune M, Juckel G, Thome J: Multiplatform metabolome and proteome profiling identifies serum metabolite and protein signatures as prospective biomarkers for schizophrenia. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2015 Aug;122 Suppl 1:S111-22. doi: 10.1007/s00702-014-1224-0. Epub 2014 May 1. [PubMed:24789758 ]
Adrenoleukodystrophy
  1. Poulos A, Sharp P, Fellenberg AJ, Danks DM: Cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum's disease: plasma changes and skin fibroblast phytanic acid oxidase. Hum Genet. 1985;70(2):172-7. [PubMed:2408988 ]
  2. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Peroxisomal biogenesis defect
  1. van den Berg GA, Breukelman H, Elzinga H, Trijbels JM, Monnens LA, Muskiet FA: Determination of pipecolic acid in urine and plasma by isotope dilution mass fragmentography. Clin Chim Acta. 1986 Sep 30;159(3):229-37. [PubMed:3769211 ]
  2. Baas JC, van de Laar R, Dorland L, Duran M, Berger R, Poll-The BT, de Koning TJ: Plasma pipecolic acid is frequently elevated in non-peroxisomal disease. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2002 Dec;25(8):699-701. [PubMed:12705501 ]
  3. Fujita T, Hada T, Higashino K: Origin of D- and L-pipecolic acid in human physiological fluids: a study of the catabolic mechanism to pipecolic acid using the lysine loading test. Clin Chim Acta. 1999 Sep;287(1-2):145-56. [PubMed:10509903 ]
  4. Baumgartner MR, Poll-The BT, Verhoeven NM, Jakobs C, Espeel M, Roels F, Rabier D, Levade T, Rolland MO, Martinez M, Wanders RJ, Saudubray JM: Clinical approach to inherited peroxisomal disorders: a series of 27 patients. Ann Neurol. 1998 Nov;44(5):720-30. [PubMed:9818927 ]
  5. Budden SS, Kennaway NG, Buist NR, Poulos A, Weleber RG: Dysmorphic syndrome with phytanic acid oxidase deficiency, abnormal very long chain fatty acids, and pipecolic acidemia: studies in four children. J Pediatr. 1986 Jan;108(1):33-9. [PubMed:2418187 ]
  6. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB000545
KNApSAcK IDC00001387
Chemspider ID826
KEGG Compound IDC00408
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPipecolic_acid
METLIN ID50
PubChem Compound849
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17964
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDMDB00000036
Good Scents IDrw1586071
References
Synthesis ReferenceAsher, Vikram; Becu, Christian; Anteunis, Marc J. O.; Callens, Roland. New synthesis of pipecolic acid and analogs. Tetrahedron Letters (1981), 22(2), 141-4.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
  2. Kawasaki H, Hori T, Nakajima M, Takeshita K: Plasma levels of pipecolic acid in patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatology. 1988 Mar-Apr;8(2):286-9. [PubMed:3356409 ]
  3. Chang YF: Lysine metabolism in the human and the monkey: demonstration of pipecolic acid formation in the brain and other organs. Neurochem Res. 1982 May;7(5):577-88. [PubMed:6811962 ]
  4. van den Berg GA, Breukelman H, Elzinga H, Trijbels JM, Monnens LA, Muskiet FA: Determination of pipecolic acid in urine and plasma by isotope dilution mass fragmentography. Clin Chim Acta. 1986 Sep 30;159(3):229-37. [PubMed:3769211 ]
  5. Medana IM, Hien TT, Day NP, Phu NH, Mai NT, Chu'ong LV, Chau TT, Taylor A, Salahifar H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Turner GD, Farrar J, White NJ, Hunt NH: The clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites and lactate in severe malaria. J Infect Dis. 2002 Mar 1;185(5):650-6. Epub 2002 Feb 14. [PubMed:11865422 ]
  6. Danks DM, Tippett P, Adams C, Campbell P: Cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger. A report of eight cases with comments upon the incidence, the liver lesion, and a fault in pipecolic acid metabolism. J Pediatr. 1975 Mar;86(3):382-7. [PubMed:1113225 ]
  7. Plecko B, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, Paschke E, Erwa W, Struys EA, Jakobs C: Pipecolic acid elevation in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of two patients with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 2000 Jul;48(1):121-5. [PubMed:10894227 ]
  8. Burton BK, Reed SP, Remy WT: Hyperpipecolic acidemia: clinical and biochemical observations in two male siblings. J Pediatr. 1981 Nov;99(5):729-34. [PubMed:7299546 ]
  9. Smythe GA, Poljak A, Bustamante S, Braga O, Maxwell A, Grant R, Sachdev P: ECNI GC-MS analysis of picolinic and quinolinic acids and their amides in human plasma, CSF, and brain tissue. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2003;527:705-12. [PubMed:15206793 ]
  10. Trijbels JM, Monnens LA, Melis G, van den Broekvan Essen M, Bruckwilder M: Localization of pipecolic acid metabolism in rat liver peroxisomes: probable explanation for hyperpipecolataemia in Zellweger syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1987;10(2):128-34. [PubMed:3116331 ]
  11. Thomas GH, Haslam RH, Batshaw ML, Capute AJ, Neidengard L, Ransom JL: Hyperpipecolic acidemia associated with hepatomegaly, mental retardation, optic nerve dysplasia and progressive neurological disease. Clin Genet. 1975 Nov;8(5):376-82. [PubMed:1204235 ]
  12. Medana IM, Day NP, Salahifar-Sabet H, Stocker R, Smythe G, Bwanaisa L, Njobvu A, Kayira K, Turner GD, Taylor TE, Hunt NH: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria. J Infect Dis. 2003 Sep 15;188(6):844-9. Epub 2003 Sep 9. [PubMed:12964115 ]
  13. Lee HF, Mak SC, Wu FW, Chi CS, Huang SC: Zellweger syndrome: report of one case. Acta Paediatr Taiwan. 2001 Jan-Feb;42(1):53-6. [PubMed:11270189 ]
  14. Kok RM, Kaster L, de Jong AP, Poll-The B, Saudubray JM, Jakobs C: Stable isotope dilution analysis of pipecolic acid in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, urine and amniotic fluid using electron capture negative ion mass fragmentography. Clin Chim Acta. 1987 Sep 30;168(2):143-52. [PubMed:3315316 ]
  15. Baas JC, van de Laar R, Dorland L, Duran M, Berger R, Poll-The BT, de Koning TJ: Plasma pipecolic acid is frequently elevated in non-peroxisomal disease. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2002 Dec;25(8):699-701. [PubMed:12705501 ]
  16. Dancis J, Hutzler J: Comparative rates of metabolism of pipecolic acid in several animal species. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1982;73(4):1011-2. [PubMed:6817963 ]
  17. Fujita T, Hada T, Higashino K: Origin of D- and L-pipecolic acid in human physiological fluids: a study of the catabolic mechanism to pipecolic acid using the lysine loading test. Clin Chim Acta. 1999 Sep;287(1-2):145-56. [PubMed:10509903 ]
  18. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Metabolizes sarcosine, L-pipecolic acid and L-proline.
Gene Name:
PIPOX
Uniprot ID:
Q9P0Z9
Molecular weight:
44065.515