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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:18:17 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000230
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0000800
  • HMDB00230
  • HMDB00800
Metabolite Identification
Common NameN-Acetylneuraminic acid
Description
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC11H19NO9
Average Molecular Weight309.2699
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight309.105981211
IUPAC Name(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2,4-dihydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid
Traditional Nameβ-neu5ac
CAS Registry Number19342-33-7
SMILES
[H][C@]1(O[C@@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]1NC(C)=O)C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C11H19NO9/c1-4(14)12-7-5(15)2-11(20,10(18)19)21-9(7)8(17)6(16)3-13/h5-9,13,15-17,20H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,12,14)(H,18,19)/t5-,6+,7+,8+,9+,11-/m0/s1
InChI KeySQVRNKJHWKZAKO-PFQGKNLYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acylneuraminic acids. These are neuraminic acids carrying an N-acyl substituent.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentN-acylneuraminic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • N-acylneuraminic acid
  • Neuraminic acid
  • C-glucuronide
  • C-glycosyl compound
  • Glycosyl compound
  • Alpha-hydroxy acid
  • Pyran
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Oxane
  • Acetamide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Hemiacetal
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Polyol
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point186 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Lysosome
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Breast Milk
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Brain
  • Neuron
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Irritable bowel syndrome
  1. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
Salla disease
  1. Varho TT, Alajoki LE, Posti KM, Korhonen TT, Renlund MG, Nyman SR, Sillanpaa ML, Aula PP: Phenotypic spectrum of Salla disease, a free sialic acid storage disorder. Pediatr Neurol. 2002 Apr;26(4):267-73. [PubMed:11992753 ]
Sialidosis, normosomatic type
  1. Kobayashi T, Goto I, Tanaka Y, Yamashita M, Kuroiwa Y: Biochemical comparison of the dysmorphic type with the normosomatic type of sialidosis. Clin Chim Acta. 1980 May 9;103(3):343-7. [PubMed:7398077 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB04265
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID392810
KEGG Compound IDC19910
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkN-Acetylneuraminic acid
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound445063
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID45744
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDACNAM
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceYamamoto, Toshihiro; Teshima, Tadashi; Inami, Kaoru; Shiba, Tetsuo. Synthesis of sialic acid through aldol condensation of glucose with oxalacetic acid. Tetrahedron Letters (1992), 33(3), 325-8.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in exo-alpha-sialidase activity
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes sialylated compounds.
Gene Name:
NEU2
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y3R4
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Galactosylceramide + N-Acetylneuraminic acid → GM4 + Waterdetails
General function:
Involved in exo-alpha-sialidase activity
Specific function:
May function in lysosomal catabolism of sialylated glycoconjugates. Has sialidase activity towards synthetic substrates, such as 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid (4-MU-NANA or 4MU-NeuAc). Has a broad substrate specificity being active on glycoproteins, oligosaccharides and sialylated glycolipids.
Gene Name:
NEU4
Uniprot ID:
Q8WWR8
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Galactosylceramide + N-Acetylneuraminic acid → GM4 + Waterdetails
General function:
Involved in exo-alpha-sialidase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the removal of sialic acid (N-acetylneuramic acid) moities from glycoproteins and glycolipids. To be active, it is strictly dependent on its presence in the multienzyme complex. Appears to have a preference for alpha 2-3 and alpha 2-6 sialyl linkage.
Gene Name:
NEU1
Uniprot ID:
Q99519
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Galactosylceramide + N-Acetylneuraminic acid → GM4 + Waterdetails
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Regulates and initiates biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), a precursor of sialic acids. Plays an essential role in early development (By similarity). Required for normal sialylation in hematopoietic cells. Sialylation is implicated in cell adhesion, signal transduction, tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of malignant cells.
Gene Name:
GNE
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y223
Molecular weight:
83065.25
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Produces N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN). Can also use N-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate and mannose 6-phosphate as substrates to generate phosphorylated forms of Neu5Ac and KDN, respectively.
Gene Name:
NANS
Uniprot ID:
Q9NR45
Molecular weight:
40307.26
Reactions
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + N-Acetylmannosamine + Water → Phosphate + N-Acetylneuraminic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process
Specific function:
Catalyzes the activation of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) to cytidine 5'-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuNAc), a substrate required for the addition of sialic acid. Has some activity toward NeuNAc, N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) or 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN).
Gene Name:
CMAS
Uniprot ID:
Q8NFW8
Molecular weight:
48378.835
Reactions
Cytidine triphosphate + N-Acetylneuraminic acid → Pyrophosphate + Cytidine 5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in sialate O-acetylesterase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the removal of O-acetyl ester groups from position 9 of the parent sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid.
Gene Name:
SIAE
Uniprot ID:
Q9HAT2
Molecular weight:
54572.035
Reactions
N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminate + Water → N-Acetylneuraminic acid + Acetic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
NANP
Uniprot ID:
Q8TBE9
Molecular weight:
27812.875
Reactions
N-Acetylneuraminic acid 9-phosphate + Water → N-Acetylneuraminic acid + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the cleavage of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) to form pyruvate and N-acetylmannosamine via a Schiff base intermediate. It prevents sialic acids from being recycled and returning to the cell surface. Involved in the N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) degradation pathway. Although human is not able to catalyze formation of Neu5Gc due to the inactive CMAHP enzyme, Neu5Gc is present in food and must be degraded (By similarity).
Gene Name:
NPL
Uniprot ID:
Q9BXD5
Molecular weight:
33116.95
Reactions
N-Acetylneuraminic acid → N-Acetylmannosamine + Pyruvic aciddetails
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
NEU1
Uniprot ID:
Q5JQI0
Molecular weight:
45467.0