Hmdb loader
You are using an unsupported browser. Please upgrade your browser to a newer version to get the best experience on Human Metabolome Database.

Showing metabocard for 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid (HMDB0000355)

Jump To Section:
IdentificationTaxonomyOntologyPhysical propertiesSpectraBiological propertiesConcentrationsLinksReferencesenzymes (1) Show 1 proteinXML
enzymes (1) Show 1 protein
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:14:45 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000355
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00355
  • HMDB0059737
  • HMDB59737
Metabolite Identification
Common Name3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid
Description3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid is an "off-product" intermediate in the leucine degradation process. It is produced by defective or inefficient versions of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, an enzyme that normally catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate. If this enzyme is defective, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA will accumulate in the mitochondria. Increased concentrations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA can lead to a disruption of the esterified CoA:free CoA ratio and ultimately to mitochondrial toxicity. Detoxification of these CoA end products occurs via the transfer of the 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl moiety to carnitine, forming 3-hydroxymethylglutaric-carnitine, which is then transferred across the inner mitochondrial membrane where 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid is released as the free acid. 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid has been found to accumulate in the urine of patients affected by 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria, a rare inborn error of metabolism (OMIM: 246450 ). 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria is caused by significantly reduced enzyme activity of the intramitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (EC 4.1.3.4), the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of leucine degradation. This enzyme also plays a key role in ketone body formation. The profile of urinary organic acids for individuals with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria is different from that of the other identified defects of leucine degradation, such as maple syrup urine disease (OMIM: 248600 ), isovaleric acidemia (OMIM: 243500 ), and methylcrotonylglycinemia (OMIM: 210200 ). The urinary organic acid profile of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria includes elevated concentrations of 3-hydroxy-3-isovaleric, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric, 3-methylglutaconic, and 3-methylglutaric acids (PMID: 10916782 , 9658458 , 3063529 ). Clinical manifestations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria include hepatomegaly, lethargy, coma, and apnea. Biochemically, there is a characteristic absence of ketosis with hypoglycemia, acidosis, hypertransaminasemia, and variable hyperammonemia. Therefore, when present in sufficiently high concentrations, 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. As noted above, chronically high levels of 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid are associated with the inborn error of metabolism 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency. 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the untreated IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures.
Structure
Data?1676999685
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000355 (3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid)


  Mrv1652305261923572D          

 11 10  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
 9999.2905 9997.9678    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.5756 9998.3795    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.8608 9997.9678    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.1459 9998.3795    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.4310 9997.9678    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.1459 9999.2054    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.9892 9999.0960    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.1638 9999.0960    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.0084 9998.3795    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.7223 9997.9678    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.0084 9999.2054    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  9  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  7  1  0  0  0  0
  2  8  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  4  6  2  0  0  0  0
  9 10  1  0  0  0  0
  9 11  2  0  0  0  0
M  END
Download

3D MOL for HMDB0000355 (3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid)

HMDB0000355
     RDKit          3D
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid
 21 20  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -0.2537    1.0361   -1.5362 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0018   -0.1340   -0.6708 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1538   -1.1921   -1.7139 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3140   -0.2263    0.0025 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7498    0.8221    0.8872 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1617    1.8929    1.0942 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9446    0.6400    1.5902 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1052   -0.6915    0.1211 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8242    0.1036    1.0798 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7311    1.3111    1.3537 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8015   -0.5708    1.8495 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5155    1.9691   -1.0058 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6801    1.2509   -2.1043 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0179    0.7906   -2.3122 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6842   -1.1227   -2.2457 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3737   -1.1993    0.5951 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1661   -0.3866   -0.7434 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6328   -0.0496    1.3287 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9155   -1.1549   -0.5437 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7466   -1.6272    0.6706 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5830   -1.4614    2.3031 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  5  7  1  0
  2  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
  9 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  1 13  1  0
  1 14  1  0
  3 15  1  0
  4 16  1  0
  4 17  1  0
  7 18  1  0
  8 19  1  0
  8 20  1  0
 11 21  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0000355 (3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid)


  Mrv1652305261923572D          

 11 10  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
 9999.2905 9997.9678    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.5756 9998.3795    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.8608 9997.9678    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.1459 9998.3795    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.4310 9997.9678    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.1459 9999.2054    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.9892 9999.0960    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.1638 9999.0960    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.0084 9998.3795    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.7223 9997.9678    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.0084 9999.2054    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  9  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  7  1  0  0  0  0
  2  8  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  4  6  2  0  0  0  0
  9 10  1  0  0  0  0
  9 11  2  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000355

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
CC(O)(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H10O5/c1-6(11,2-4(7)8)3-5(9)10/h11H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)

> <INCHI_KEY>
NPOAOTPXWNWTSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H10O5

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
162.1406

> <EXACT_MASS>
162.05282343

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
5

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
21

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
14.545141112043254

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanedioic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-0.88

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-0.7482412409999999

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.23

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
-2

> <JCHEM_PKA>
4.435120601836896

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
3.6777896096277964

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-3.0082279564358467

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
94.83000000000001

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
34.1377

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
4

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
2.75e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
meglutol

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0000355 (3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid)

HMDB0000355
     RDKit          3D
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid
 21 20  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -0.2537    1.0361   -1.5362 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0018   -0.1340   -0.6708 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1538   -1.1921   -1.7139 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3140   -0.2263    0.0025 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7498    0.8221    0.8872 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1617    1.8929    1.0942 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9446    0.6400    1.5902 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1052   -0.6915    0.1211 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8242    0.1036    1.0798 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7311    1.3111    1.3537 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8015   -0.5708    1.8495 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5155    1.9691   -1.0058 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6801    1.2509   -2.1043 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0179    0.7906   -2.3122 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6842   -1.1227   -2.2457 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3737   -1.1993    0.5951 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1661   -0.3866   -0.7434 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6328   -0.0496    1.3287 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9155   -1.1549   -0.5437 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7466   -1.6272    0.6706 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5830   -1.4614    2.3031 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  5  7  1  0
  2  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
  9 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  1 13  1  0
  1 14  1  0
  3 15  1  0
  4 16  1  0
  4 17  1  0
  7 18  1  0
  8 19  1  0
  8 20  1  0
 11 21  1  0
M  END
Download

PDB for HMDB0000355 (3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 26-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   26-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0    8665.3428662.873   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0    8664.0088663.642   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0    8662.6748662.873   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0    8661.3398663.642   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  O   UNK     0    8660.0058662.873   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0    8661.3398665.183   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0    8664.7808664.979   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0    8663.2398664.979   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0    8666.6828663.642   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0    8668.0158662.873   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   11  O   UNK     0    8666.6828665.183   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2    9                                                       
CONECT    2    1    3    7    8                                             
CONECT    3    2    4                                                       
CONECT    4    3    5    6                                                  
CONECT    5    4                                                            
CONECT    6    4                                                            
CONECT    7    2                                                            
CONECT    8    2                                                            
CONECT    9    1   10   11                                                  
CONECT   10    9                                                            
CONECT   11    9                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   11    0   20    0
END
Download

3D PDB for HMDB0000355 (3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid)

COMPND    HMDB0000355
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1      -0.254   1.036  -1.536  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1       0.002  -0.134  -0.671  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  O1  UNL     1       0.154  -1.192  -1.714  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    4  C3  UNL     1       1.314  -0.226   0.003  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C4  UNL     1       1.750   0.822   0.887  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  O2  UNL     1       1.162   1.893   1.094  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    7  O3  UNL     1       2.945   0.640   1.590  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    8  C5  UNL     1      -1.105  -0.691   0.121  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  C6  UNL     1      -1.824   0.104   1.080  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  O4  UNL     1      -1.731   1.311   1.354  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   11  O5  UNL     1      -2.801  -0.571   1.849  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   12  H1  UNL     1      -0.515   1.969  -1.006  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H2  UNL     1       0.680   1.251  -2.104  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H3  UNL     1      -1.018   0.791  -2.312  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H4  UNL     1      -0.684  -1.123  -2.246  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H5  UNL     1       1.374  -1.199   0.595  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H6  UNL     1       2.166  -0.387  -0.743  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H7  UNL     1       3.633  -0.050   1.329  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   19  H8  UNL     1      -1.915  -1.155  -0.544  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   20  H9  UNL     1      -0.747  -1.627   0.671  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   21  H10 UNL     1      -2.583  -1.461   2.303  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   12   13   14
CONECT    2    3    4    8
CONECT    3   15
CONECT    4    5   16   17
CONECT    5    6    6    7
CONECT    7   18
CONECT    8    9   19   20
CONECT    9   10   10   11
CONECT   11   21
END
Download

SMILES for HMDB0000355 (3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid)

CC(O)(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O
Download

INCHI for HMDB0000355 (3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid)

InChI=1S/C6H10O5/c1-6(11,2-4(7)8)3-5(9)10/h11H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Download
View in JSmolView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
(S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acidChEBI
(S)-MeglutolChEBI
3-HYDROXY-3-methyl-glutarIC ACIDChEBI
3-Hydroxy-3-methylpentanedioic acidChEBI
beta-Hydroxy-beta-methylglutaric acidChEBI
Dicrotalic acidChEBI
MeglutolChEBI
MeglutolumChEBI
3-Hydorxy-3-methylglutaric acidKegg
(S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutarateGenerator
3-HYDROXY-3-methyl-glutarateGenerator
3-Hydroxy-3-methylpentanedioateGenerator
b-Hydroxy-b-methylglutarateGenerator
b-Hydroxy-b-methylglutaric acidGenerator
beta-Hydroxy-beta-methylglutarateGenerator
Β-hydroxy-β-methylglutarateGenerator
Β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaric acidGenerator
DicrotalateGenerator
3-Hydorxy-3-methylglutarateGenerator
3-HydroxymethylglutarateGenerator
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutarateHMDB
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acidHMDB
3-Methyl-3-hydroxyglutarateHMDB
3-Methyl-3-hydroxyglutaric acidHMDB
CB 337HMDB
3 Hydroxy 3 methylpentanedioic acidHMDB
Acid, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaricHMDB
Acid, 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanedioicHMDB
beta Hydroxy beta methylglutarateHMDB
3 Hydroxy 3 methylglutaric acidHMDB
3-Methyl-3-hydroxypentanedioateHMDB
3-Methyl-3-hydroxypentanedioic acidHMDB
HMGHMDB
HMGAHMDB
LipoglutarenHMDB
MedroglutarateHMDB
Medroglutaric acidHMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H10O5
Average Molecular Weight162.1406
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight162.05282343
IUPAC Name3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanedioic acid
Traditional Namemeglutol
CAS Registry Number503-49-1
SMILES
CC(O)(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H10O5/c1-6(11,2-4(7)8)3-5(9)10/h11H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
InChI KeyNPOAOTPXWNWTSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentHydroxy fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Methyl-branched fatty acid
  • Short-chain hydroxy acid
  • Hydroxy fatty acid
  • Branched fatty acid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effect
Disposition
Biological location
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Biological role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point105 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Not Available126.0http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000189
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility275 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.88ALOGPS
logP-0.75ChemAxon
logS0.23ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.68ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area94.83 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity34.14 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability14.55 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+134.94431661259
DarkChem[M+H]+134.94431661259
DarkChem[M-H]-129.49531661259
DarkChem[M-H]-129.49531661259
AllCCS[M+H]+136.45632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-131.17732859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+127.15430932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-123.32330932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-160.30230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+135.74930932474
AllCCS[M+H]+136.532859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+132.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+140.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+141.232859911
AllCCS[M-H]-131.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-133.132859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-135.232859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acidCC(O)(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O2542.5Standard polar33892256
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acidCC(O)(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O1138.1Standard non polar33892256
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acidCC(O)(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O1430.7Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid,1TMS,isomer #1CC(CC(=O)O)(CC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C1460.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid,1TMS,isomer #2CC(O)(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1451.2Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid,2TMS,isomer #1CC(CC(=O)O)(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C1544.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid,2TMS,isomer #2CC(O)(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C1523.6Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid,3TMS,isomer #1CC(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C1609.2Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(CC(=O)O)(CC(=O)O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1705.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(O)(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1716.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(CC(=O)O)(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2003.0Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(O)(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1990.5Semi standard non polar33892256
3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2252.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0930000000-67cdb23f1a51498bb80d2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-05nb-2950000000-10da019551eceff729ec2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0960000000-75a1f0bc3ffb601176762017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0930000000-67cdb23f1a51498bb80d2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-05nb-2950000000-10da019551eceff729ec2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-0920000000-77008c8c7fb6eb798e792017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0udi-4900000000-ae0329f185525bab60282017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (3 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0079-9253000000-af0bf7551c9147193ed42017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (TBDMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid GC-MS (TBDMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-05fr-2900000000-d5b3d7ccc3617f392a632012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-004i-9800000000-1a510972071bf02a23f72012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0kdi-9300000000-6afee652d0eb18e589c32012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-ae679b03ae8cdbc1cc402012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9300000000-8d7565d3b9cbed5d13ac2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-d06ad8ce44567793a49d2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-f3c4c2c0cb3ff49db4822012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-98c0337e0bebe4fefe6c2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-01qa-2900000000-182405b2867309ab7df82012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-03dj-5900000000-d9ffa79e6b62296f26262012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-2847ca367167b7cf107b2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9300000000-f9ab44912911fd1e9ec72017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-589bf77ae5f575911b642017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-f3c4c2c0cb3ff49db4822017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-98c0337e0bebe4fefe6c2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-03dj-5900000000-d9ffa79e6b62296f26262017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-01qa-2900000000-182405b2867309ab7df82017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-f94de43a0b43873232bf2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4j-9300000000-9861bfd5df213d5b52e42021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-a3631689983e6d6a3be72015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-002b-2900000000-54e16eaede819dea2bdc2015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9600000000-31a4e319505eebd3d1d12015-04-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03xr-2900000000-405383db70ec0564b9162015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-07bg-5900000000-dfc057320722ae1d926c2015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3-Hydroxymethylglutaric acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4m-9300000000-e5a720c14cbc5de82d4d2015-04-25Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Placenta
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.0201 +/- 0.0639 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Sugimoto et al. (...
 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.0917 +/- 0.0851 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Sugimoto et al. (...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified<200 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.6-4.5 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.788 +/- 4.222 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified27.0 (6.0-73.0) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified1.4 (0.7-3.0) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified3 (0-10) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<50 umol/mmol creatinineNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.4-3.6 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified<31.61 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 18 years old)Both
Normal
    • BC Children's Hos...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified<200 umol/mmol creatinineNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified2.8 (1.1 -5.8) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified28.1 (10.7-57.5) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified10.3 (4.3-31.4) umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified9.9 (5.7-14.4) umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified51.7 (13.1-101.1) umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified7.1 (2.2-24.5) umol/mmol creatinineAdolescent (13-18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.025 +/- 0.001 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified3.2(1.1-5.2) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified12.098 +/- 6.49 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0-110 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Normal		 details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
UrineDetected and Quantified481 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Female3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified1028.4 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Male3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric- coenzyme A lyase deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified10.581 +/- 10.628 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified1028.4 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)Male3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothBladder cancer details
UrineDetected and Quantified481 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Female3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency details
UrineDetected and Quantified137.4 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedMetabolic acidosis details
UrineDetected and Quantified17.227 +/- 8.202 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified31.947 +/- 39.294 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
    • Analysis of 30 no...
 details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Colorectal cancer
  1. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency
  1. Bischof F, Nagele T, Wanders RJ, Trefz FK, Melms A: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency in an adult with leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol. 2004 Nov;56(5):727-30. [PubMed:15505778 ]
  2. Santarelli F, Cassanello M, Enea A, Poma F, D'Onofrio V, Guala G, Garrone G, Puccinelli P, Caruso U, Porta F, Spada M: A neonatal case of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric-coenzyme A lyase deficiency. Ital J Pediatr. 2013 May 24;39:33. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-33. [PubMed:23705938 ]
  3. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
  • 610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)
  • 246450 (3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency)
DrugBank IDDB04377
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB004207
KNApSAcK IDC00001187
Chemspider ID1600
KEGG Compound IDC03761
BioCyc IDCPD-547
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN ID5344
PubChem Compound1662
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16831
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDMDB00000152
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceKlosterman, Harold J.; Smith, F. The isolation of b-hydroxy-b-methylglutaric acid from the seed of flax (Linum usitatissimum). Journal of the American Chemical Society (1954), 76 1229-30.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Fu Z, Runquist JA, Forouhar F, Hussain M, Hunt JF, Miziorko HM, Kim JJ: Crystal structure of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase: insights into catalysis and the molecular basis for hydroxymethylglutaric aciduria. J Biol Chem. 2006 Mar 17;281(11):7526-32. Epub 2005 Dec 5. [PubMed:16330550 ]
  2. Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed:8087979 ]
  3. Mitchell GA, Jakobs C, Gibson KM, Robert MF, Burlina A, Dionisi-Vici C, Dallaire L: Molecular prenatal diagnosis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase deficiency. Prenat Diagn. 1995 Aug;15(8):725-9. [PubMed:7479590 ]
  4. Wysocki SJ, Wilkinson SP, Hahnel R, Wong CY, Panegyres PK: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria, combined with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Clin Chim Acta. 1976 Aug 2;70(3):399-406. [PubMed:947633 ]
  5. Tuchman M, McCann MT, Johnson PE, Lemieux B: Screening newborns for multiple organic acidurias in dried filter paper urine samples: method development. Pediatr Res. 1991 Oct;30(4):315-21. [PubMed:1956713 ]
  6. Truscott RJ, Halpern B, Wysocki SJ, Hahnel R, Wilcken B: Studies on a child suspected of having a dficiency in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Co A lyase. Clin Chim Acta. 1979 Jul 2;95(1):11-16. [PubMed:509721 ]
  7. Koling S, Kalhoff H, Schauerte P, Lehnert W, Diekmann L: [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaraciduria (case report of a female Turkish sisters with 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A lyase deficiency]. Klin Padiatr. 2000 May-Jun;212(3):113-6. [PubMed:10916782 ]
  8. Eiris J, Ribes A, Fernandez-Prieto R, Rodriguez-Garcia J, Rodriguez-Segade S, Castro-Gago M: [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria and recurrent Reye-like syndrome]. Rev Neurol. 1998 Jun;26(154):911-4. [PubMed:9658458 ]
  9. Gibson KM, Breuer J, Nyhan WL: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency: review of 18 reported patients. Eur J Pediatr. 1988 Dec;148(3):180-6. [PubMed:3063529 ]
  10. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  11. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  12. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  13. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  14. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
  15. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Key enzyme in ketogenesis (ketone body formation). Terminal step in leucine catabolism.
Gene Name:
HMGCL
Uniprot ID:
P35914
Molecular weight:
34359.84