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Showing metabocard for Nicotinic acid (HMDB0001488)

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IdentificationTaxonomyOntologyPhysical propertiesSpectraBiological propertiesConcentrationsLinksReferencesenzymes (7)transporters (3) Show 10 proteinsXML
enzymes (7)transporters (3) Show 10 proteins
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:10 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001488
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB01488
Metabolite Identification
Common NameNicotinic acid
DescriptionNicotinic acid, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH, NAD, NAD+, and NADP play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell and DNA repair. The designation vitamin B3 also includes the amide form, nicotinamide or niacinamide. Severe lack of niacin causes the deficiency disease pellagra, whereas a mild deficiency slows down the metabolism decreasing cold tolerance. The recommended daily allowance of niacin is 2-12 mg a day for children, 14 mg a day for women, 16 mg a day for men, and 18 mg a day for pregnant or breast-feeding women. It is found in various animal and plant tissues and has pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. The liver can synthesize niacin from the essential amino acid tryptophan, but the synthesis is extremely slow and requires vitamin B6; 60 mg of tryptophan are required to make one milligram of niacin. Bacteria in the gut may also perform the conversion but are inefficient.
Structure
Data?1582752205
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0001488 (Nicotinic acid)

627
  Mrv1652309042000232D          

  9  9  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    3.0790    1.1880    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6500    1.1880    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6500   -1.2870    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3644   -0.0495    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0790   -0.4620    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6500   -0.4620    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0790   -1.2870    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3644   -1.6995    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3644    0.7755    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  9  1  0  0  0  0
  2  9  2  0  0  0  0
  3  6  1  0  0  0  0
  3  8  2  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  4  6  2  0  0  0  0
  4  9  1  0  0  0  0
  5  7  2  0  0  0  0
  7  8  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0001488 (Nicotinic acid)

HMDB0001488
     RDKit          3D
Nicotinic acid
 14 14  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.5936   -1.2686    0.0896 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9518   -0.1929    0.0001 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.6694    0.9781   -0.0312 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4997   -0.2461   -0.0647 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2284    0.9062   -0.1624 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6060    0.8207   -0.2219 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2463   -0.4146   -0.1834 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5127   -1.5475   -0.0865 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1528   -1.4534   -0.0283 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8564    1.5742    0.7632 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2348    1.8703   -0.1942 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1815    1.7291   -0.2990 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3183   -0.4023   -0.2341 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4402   -2.3531    0.0491 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  2  0
  9  4  1  0
  3 10  1  0
  5 11  1  0
  6 12  1  0
  7 13  1  0
  9 14  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0001488 (Nicotinic acid)

627
  Mrv1652309042000232D          

  9  9  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    3.0790    1.1880    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6500    1.1880    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6500   -1.2870    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3644   -0.0495    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0790   -0.4620    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6500   -0.4620    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0790   -1.2870    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3644   -1.6995    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3644    0.7755    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  9  1  0  0  0  0
  2  9  2  0  0  0  0
  3  6  1  0  0  0  0
  3  8  2  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  4  6  2  0  0  0  0
  4  9  1  0  0  0  0
  5  7  2  0  0  0  0
  7  8  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0001488

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
OC(=O)C1=CN=CC=C1

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H5NO2/c8-6(9)5-2-1-3-7-4-5/h1-4H,(H,8,9)

> <INCHI_KEY>
PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H5NO2

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
123.1094

> <EXACT_MASS>
123.032028409

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
14

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
11.303434426527051

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
pyridine-3-carboxylic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
0.29

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-0.16644564754087304

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-0.17

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
-1

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
2.785610419861248

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
4.193250855836253

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
50.19

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
31.157299999999996

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
8.31e+01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
niacin

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0001488 (Nicotinic acid)

HMDB0001488
     RDKit          3D
Nicotinic acid
 14 14  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.5936   -1.2686    0.0896 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9518   -0.1929    0.0001 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.6694    0.9781   -0.0312 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4997   -0.2461   -0.0647 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2284    0.9062   -0.1624 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6060    0.8207   -0.2219 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2463   -0.4146   -0.1834 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5127   -1.5475   -0.0865 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1528   -1.4534   -0.0283 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8564    1.5742    0.7632 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2348    1.8703   -0.1942 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1815    1.7291   -0.2990 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3183   -0.4023   -0.2341 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4402   -2.3531    0.0491 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  2  0
  9  4  1  0
  3 10  1  0
  5 11  1  0
  6 12  1  0
  7 13  1  0
  9 14  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0001488 (Nicotinic acid)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 04-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    MOLECULE: 627                                               
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   04-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0       5.747   2.218   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  O   UNK     0       3.080   2.218   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    3  N   UNK     0       3.080  -2.402   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0       4.414  -0.092   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       5.747  -0.862   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0       3.080  -0.862   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0       5.747  -2.402   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0       4.414  -3.172   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0       4.414   1.448   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    9                                                            
CONECT    2    9                                                            
CONECT    3    6    8                                                       
CONECT    4    5    6    9                                                  
CONECT    5    4    7                                                       
CONECT    6    3    4                                                       
CONECT    7    5    8                                                       
CONECT    8    3    7                                                       
CONECT    9    1    2    4                                                  
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    9    0   18    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0001488 (Nicotinic acid)

COMPND    HMDB0001488
HETATM    1  O1  UNL     1       2.594  -1.269   0.090  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1       1.952  -0.193   0.000  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  O2  UNL     1       2.669   0.978  -0.031  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    4  C2  UNL     1       0.500  -0.246  -0.065  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C3  UNL     1      -0.228   0.906  -0.162  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C4  UNL     1      -1.606   0.821  -0.222  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  C5  UNL     1      -2.246  -0.415  -0.183  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  N1  UNL     1      -1.513  -1.548  -0.087  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    9  C6  UNL     1      -0.153  -1.453  -0.028  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  H1  UNL     1       2.856   1.574   0.763  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H2  UNL     1       0.235   1.870  -0.194  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H3  UNL     1      -2.182   1.729  -0.299  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H4  UNL     1      -3.318  -0.402  -0.234  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H5  UNL     1       0.440  -2.353   0.049  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    2
CONECT    2    3    4
CONECT    3   10
CONECT    4    5    5    9
CONECT    5    6   11
CONECT    6    7    7   12
CONECT    7    8   13
CONECT    8    9    9
CONECT    9   14
END
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SMILES for HMDB0001488 (Nicotinic acid)

OC(=O)C1=CN=CC=C1
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INCHI for HMDB0001488 (Nicotinic acid)

InChI=1S/C6H5NO2/c8-6(9)5-2-1-3-7-4-5/h1-4H,(H,8,9)
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
ValueSource
3-CarboxypyridineChEBI
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acidChEBI
3-Pyridylcarboxylic acidChEBI
Acide nicotiniqueChEBI
Acido nicotinicoChEBI
Acidum nicotinicumChEBI
Anti-pellagra vitaminChEBI
beta-Pyridinecarboxylic acidChEBI
m-Pyridinecarboxylic acidChEBI
NiacinChEBI
NikotinsaeureChEBI
P.P. factorChEBI
Pellagra preventive factorChEBI
PP FactorChEBI
Pyridine-beta-carboxylic acidChEBI
Vitamin b3ChEBI
NiacorKegg
NiaspanKegg
3-PyridinecarboxylateGenerator
3-PyridylcarboxylateGenerator
b-PyridinecarboxylateGenerator
b-Pyridinecarboxylic acidGenerator
beta-PyridinecarboxylateGenerator
Β-pyridinecarboxylateGenerator
Β-pyridinecarboxylic acidGenerator
m-PyridinecarboxylateGenerator
Pyridine-b-carboxylateGenerator
Pyridine-b-carboxylic acidGenerator
Pyridine-beta-carboxylateGenerator
Pyridine-β-carboxylateGenerator
Pyridine-β-carboxylic acidGenerator
NicotinateGenerator
3-CarboxylpyridineHMDB
AkotinHMDB
ApelagrinHMDB
DaskilHMDB
EfacinHMDB
EnduracinHMDB
LinicHMDB
NiacHMDB
NiacineHMDB
NicacidHMDB
NicaminHMDB
NicanginHMDB
Nico-spanHMDB
NicobidHMDB
NicocapHMDB
NicodelmineHMDB
NicolarHMDB
NiconacidHMDB
Nicosan 3HMDB
NicotinipcaHMDB
NicylHMDB
NyclinHMDB
PellagrinHMDB
PeloninHMDB
Slo-niacinHMDB
WampocapHMDB
Aluminum salt, niacinHMDB
InduracinHMDB
Niacin cobalt (2+) saltHMDB
Niacin iron (2+) saltHMDB
Niacin lithium saltHMDB
Niacin magnesium saltHMDB
Niacin sodium saltHMDB
Nico-400HMDB
Potassium salt, niacinHMDB
Sodium salt, niacinHMDB
Tosylate, niacinHMDB
Nicotinate, lithiumHMDB
Hydrochloride, niacinHMDB
Niacin aluminum saltHMDB
Niacin calcium saltHMDB
Niacin copper (2+) saltHMDB
Niacin hydrochlorideHMDB
Niacin lithium salt, hemihydrateHMDB
Nico400HMDB
Tartrate, niacinHMDB
3 Pyridinecarboxylic acidHMDB
Lithium nicotinateHMDB
Niacin ammonium saltHMDB
Niacin manganese (2+) saltHMDB
Niacin potassium saltHMDB
Niacin tartrateHMDB
Niacin tosylateHMDB
Niacin zinc saltHMDB
Nico 400HMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H5NO2
Average Molecular Weight123.1094
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight123.032028409
IUPAC Namepyridine-3-carboxylic acid
Traditional Nameniacin
CAS Registry Number59-67-6
SMILES
OC(=O)C1=CN=CC=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H5NO2/c8-6(9)5-2-1-3-7-4-5/h1-4H,(H,8,9)
InChI KeyPVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyridinecarboxylic acids. Pyridinecarboxylic acids are compounds containing a pyridine ring bearing a carboxylic acid group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPyridines and derivatives
Sub ClassPyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentPyridinecarboxylic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyridine carboxylic acid
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect

Adverse health effect

Disposition

Biological location

Source

Process

Naturally occurring process

Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point236.6 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility18 mg/mLNot Available
LogP0.36SANGSTER (1993)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Baker124.49930932474
[M-H]-Astarita_neg119.330932474
[M+H]+Baker128.35330932474
[M-H]-Not Available121.7http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000483
[M+H]+Not Available125.0http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000483
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility83.1 g/LALOGPS
logP0.29ALOGPS
logP-0.17ChemAxon
logS-0.17ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.79ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.19ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area50.19 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity31.16 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability11.3 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+124.63731661259
DarkChem[M-H]-118.231661259
AllCCS[M+H]+125.43532859911
AllCCS[M-H]-121.04532859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+124.65430932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-121.40330932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-158.33130932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+133.48130932474

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Nicotinic acidOC(=O)C1=CN=CC=C12074.0Standard polar33892256
Nicotinic acidOC(=O)C1=CN=CC=C11285.2Standard non polar33892256
Nicotinic acidOC(=O)C1=CN=CC=C11224.5Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Nicotinic acid,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C11297.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Nicotinic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C11527.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (1 TMS)splash10-053i-0900000000-5daf0093df6c21c7279f2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (1 TMS)splash10-053i-0900000000-f38b6609b45de8c745652014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)splash10-0540-0900000000-4f55c81a6cd42f1b961d2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (1 TMS)splash10-057r-5900000000-00bf3662b5b9db533c0a2014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-MS (1 TMS)splash10-0569-2900000000-7820ea736b03b71d2cb82014-06-16HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0kmi-7900000000-9e4efda763cce5ddfe572017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-053i-0900000000-5daf0093df6c21c7279f2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-053i-0900000000-f38b6609b45de8c745652017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0540-0900000000-4f55c81a6cd42f1b961d2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-057r-5900000000-00bf3662b5b9db533c0a2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0569-2900000000-7820ea736b03b71d2cb82017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0540-0900000000-a701904fe6ded0abd98f2017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-05i0-9700000000-d7620f1dc8f42d1498b92016-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-05fr-9600000000-c3303cf4e83870b3e6562017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-0kor-8900000000-7d3f033a49f5fad75f332014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-00di-1900000000-27508608b33f1fb9f2212012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-003r-9100000000-a2037c9695659dceabd12012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0ufr-9100000000-4a2649a83ad2a40e51942012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0kmi-7900000000-1bc47d1b1850f54fb7c22012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-1900000000-a352c5ce16d4b682b0522012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-9000000000-ab23ecb032e387b40bd92012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-9000000000-02e37a1cfd39470375792012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-9000000000-75d7e6658d2d6eca736e2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-9000000000-21a2d68d4f364c596f1d2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0ab9-0900000000-a74db528f61c435876c82012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-6900000000-773c08ab92ace4d48a9c2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00aj-9100000000-07b12fbe942e6c7fb12d2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-005a-9000000000-66e0a5ba2ca8dbba1ed52012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-9000000000-fbf8ba47b56d7cc7be812012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0900000000-eaf82f6ab0befde118e92012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0900000000-eaf82f6ab0befde118e92012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-9300000000-b1a48f694fba565108a12012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-1900000000-a352c5ce16d4b682b0522017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid LC-ESI-QQ , negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-9000000000-ab23ecb032e387b40bd92017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0900000000-25068c42378f727569222016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-3900000000-6278a1e122005f48fcaf2016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0ue9-9000000000-e4e41ed9bef32955889e2016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-4900000000-85d44ecd8ad348eeacd12016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-9300000000-4911305982583ae208952016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Nicotinic acid 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-9000000000-4dea4a2d4a55907605ea2016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Skeletal Muscle
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified49.1 +/- 5.93 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified53.2 +/- 5.00 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified47.0 (24.0-85.0) uMNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
BloodDetected and Quantified23.0 (15.0-38.0) uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified2.4 (0.8 - 4.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified16.8 +/- 0.81 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.147 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.313 +/- 0.614 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal		 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified2.10 +/- 2.46 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
    • Sugimoto et al. (...
 details
SalivaDetected and Quantified9.28 +/- 7.73 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Zerihun T. Dame, ...
 details
UrineDetected and Quantified0.65 (0.61-0.82) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified12.2 +/- 0.3 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Alcoholism		 details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified6.5 +/- 0.1 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Alcoholism 		details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Crohn disease		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedCrohns disease details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedUlcerative colitis details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (6 - 18 years old)Not SpecifiedUnclassified IBD details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Ulcerative colitis		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer		 details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)MaleAttachment loss  details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)MaleMissing teeth details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)MalePeriodontal Probing Depth details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal adenoma 		details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothBladder cancer details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Alcoholism
  1. Dastur DK, Santhadevi N, Quadros EV, Avari FC, Wadia NH, Desai MN, Bharucha EP: The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin relationships. Br J Nutr. 1976 Sep;36(2):143-59. [PubMed:182198 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Phua LC, Chue XP, Koh PK, Cheah PY, Ho HK, Chan EC: Non-invasive fecal metabonomic detection of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014 Apr;15(4):389-97. doi: 10.4161/cbt.27625. Epub 2014 Jan 14. [PubMed:24424155 ]
  2. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  3. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  4. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
  2. Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M: Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 25;7(1):9473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9. [PubMed:28842642 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
  2. Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M: Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 25;7(1):9473. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9. [PubMed:28842642 ]
Attachment loss
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Missing teeth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Periodontal Probing Depth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB00627
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB001014
KNApSAcK IDC00000208
Chemspider ID913
KEGG Compound IDC00253
BioCyc IDNIACINE
BiGG ID34401
Wikipedia LinkNiacin
METLIN ID6272
PubChem Compound938
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15940
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNAC
MarkerDB IDMDB00000329
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceMcElvain, S. M.; Goese, M. A. Preparation of nicotinic acid from pyridine. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1941), 63 2283-4.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Tunaru S, Kero J, Schaub A, Wufka C, Blaukat A, Pfeffer K, Offermanns S: PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect. Nat Med. 2003 Mar;9(3):352-5. Epub 2003 Feb 3. [PubMed:12563315 ]
  2. Dastur DK, Santhadevi N, Quadros EV, Avari FC, Wadia NH, Desai MN, Bharucha EP: The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin relationships. Br J Nutr. 1976 Sep;36(2):143-59. [PubMed:182198 ]
  3. Salvi A, Carrupt PA, Mayer JM, Testa B: Esterase-like activity of human serum albumin toward prodrug esters of nicotinic acid. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997 Apr;25(4):395-8. [PubMed:9107536 ]
  4. Hertle H, Kiese M, Renner G: Absorption in rats, dogs, pigs, and humans of nicotinic acid after oral administration of phosphatidyl inositol pentanicotinate hydrochloride (PIN). Arzneimittelforschung. 1979;29(1):114-6. [PubMed:582105 ]
  5. Zarzycki PK, Kowalski P, Nowakowska J, Lamparczyk H: High-performance liquid chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic determination of free nicotinic acid in human plasma and separation of its metabolites by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A. 1995 Aug 11;709(1):203-8. [PubMed:7581845 ]
  6. Hengen N, Seiberth V, Hengen M: High-performance liquid-chromatographic determination of free nicotinic acid and its metabolite, nicotinuric acid, in plasma and urine. Clin Chem. 1978 Oct;24(10):1740-3. [PubMed:699281 ]
  7. Santos RD: [Pharmacology of niacin or nicotinic acid]. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2005 Oct;85 Suppl 5:17-9. Epub 2006 Jan 2. [PubMed:16400392 ]
  8. Mrochek JE, Jolley RL, Young DS, Turner WJ: Metabolic response of humans to ingestion of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. Clin Chem. 1976 Nov;22(11):1821-7. [PubMed:135660 ]
  9. Pike NB: Flushing out the role of GPR109A (HM74A) in the clinical efficacy of nicotinic acid. J Clin Invest. 2005 Dec;115(12):3400-3. [PubMed:16322787 ]
  10. Kobayashi M, Shimizu S: [Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide]. Nihon Rinsho. 1999 Oct;57(10):2211-7. [PubMed:10540864 ]
  11. Sutherland WH, Larking PW, Nye ER: Modification of nicotinic acid and prostaglandin E1 antilipolytic action in vitro. Atherosclerosis. 1976 Oct;25(1):45-53. [PubMed:186078 ]
  12. Stratford MR, Dennis MF, Hoskin P, Phillips H, Hodgkiss RJ, Rojas A: Nicotinamide pharmacokinetics in humans: effect of gastric acid inhibition, comparison of rectal vs oral administration and the use of saliva for drug monitoring. Br J Cancer. 1996 Jul;74(1):16-21. [PubMed:8679452 ]
  13. Angelin B, Einarsson K, Leijd B: Biliary lipid composition during treatment with different hypolipidaemic drugs. Eur J Clin Invest. 1979 Jun;9(3):185-90. [PubMed:113218 ]
  14. Patterson MC, Di Bisceglie AM, Higgins JJ, Abel RB, Schiffmann R, Parker CC, Argoff CE, Grewal RP, Yu K, Pentchev PG, et al.: The effect of cholesterol-lowering agents on hepatic and plasma cholesterol in Niemann-Pick disease type C. Neurology. 1993 Jan;43(1):61-4. [PubMed:8423912 ]
  15. Muller B, Kasper M, Surber C, Imanidis G: Permeation, metabolism and site of action concentration of nicotinic acid derivatives in human skin. Correlation with topical pharmacological effect. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2003 Oct;20(2):181-95. [PubMed:14550884 ]
  16. Chekalina SI, Guseva LI, Bardyechev MS: [Use of nicotinic acid and midocalm for correcting blood coagulation in patients with radiation edema of the extremities]. Med Radiol (Mosk). 1985 Aug;30(8):28-30. [PubMed:4033386 ]
  17. Gopal E, Fei YJ, Miyauchi S, Zhuang L, Prasad PD, Ganapathy V: Sodium-coupled and electrogenic transport of B-complex vitamin nicotinic acid by slc5a8, a member of the Na/glucose co-transporter gene family. Biochem J. 2005 May 15;388(Pt 1):309-16. [PubMed:15651982 ]

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating]
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Involved in the catabolism of quinolinic acid (QA).
Gene Name:
QPRT
Uniprot ID:
Q15274
Molecular weight:
30815.28
References
  1. Fukuwatari T, Morikawa Y, Hayakawa F, Sugimoto E, Shibata K: Influence of adenine-induced renal failure on tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2001 Oct;65(10):2154-61. [PubMed:11758903 ]
  2. Shin DH, Oganesyan N, Jancarik J, Yokota H, Kim R, Kim SH: Crystal structure of a nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase from Thermoplasma acidophilum. J Biol Chem. 2005 May 6;280(18):18326-35. Epub 2005 Mar 6. [PubMed:15753098 ]
  3. Zheng XQ, Hayashibe E, Ashihara H: Changes in trigonelline (N-methylnicotinic acid) content and nicotinic acid metabolism during germination of mungbean (Phaseolus aureus) seeds. J Exp Bot. 2005 Jun;56(416):1615-23. Epub 2005 Apr 18. [PubMed:15837705 ]
Enzyme Details
2. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
General function:
Involved in methyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the N-methylation of nicotinamide and other pyridines to form pyridinium ions. This activity is important for biotransformation of many drugs and xenobiotic compounds.
Gene Name:
NNMT
Uniprot ID:
P40261
Molecular weight:
29573.705
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Riederer M, Erwa W, Zimmermann R, Frank S, Zechner R: Adipose tissue as a source of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and homocysteine. Atherosclerosis. 2009 Jun;204(2):412-7. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.09.015. Epub 2008 Sep 27. [PubMed:18996527 ]
Enzyme Details
3. Cytochrome P450 2D6
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Molecular weight:
55768.94
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
Enzyme Details
4. G-protein coupled receptor 109B
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Receptor for 3-OH-octanoid acid mediates a negative feedback regulation of adipocyte lipolysis to counteract prolipolytic influences under conditions of physiological or pathological increases in beta-oxidation rates. Acts as a low affinity receptor for nicotinic acid. This pharmacological effect requires nicotinic acid doses that are much higher than those provided by a normal diet
Gene Name:
GPR109B
Uniprot ID:
P49019
Molecular weight:
44495.0
References
  1. Tunaru S, Kero J, Schaub A, Wufka C, Blaukat A, Pfeffer K, Offermanns S: PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect. Nat Med. 2003 Mar;9(3):352-5. Epub 2003 Feb 3. [PubMed:12563315 ]
  2. Taggart AK, Kero J, Gan X, Cai TQ, Cheng K, Ippolito M, Ren N, Kaplan R, Wu K, Wu TJ, Jin L, Liaw C, Chen R, Richman J, Connolly D, Offermanns S, Wright SD, Waters MG: (D)-beta-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits adipocyte lipolysis via the nicotinic acid receptor PUMA-G. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 22;280(29):26649-52. Epub 2005 Jun 1. [PubMed:15929991 ]
  3. Zhang Y, Schmidt RJ, Foxworthy P, Emkey R, Oler JK, Large TH, Wang H, Su EW, Mosior MK, Eacho PI, Cao G: Niacin mediates lipolysis in adipose tissue through its G-protein coupled receptor HM74A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Aug 26;334(2):729-32. [PubMed:16018973 ]
  4. Tunaru S, Lattig J, Kero J, Krause G, Offermanns S: Characterization of determinants of ligand binding to the nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (HM74A/PUMA-G). Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Nov;68(5):1271-80. Epub 2005 Aug 11. [PubMed:16099840 ]
  5. Benyo Z, Gille A, Kero J, Csiky M, Suchankova MC, Nusing RM, Moers A, Pfeffer K, Offermanns S: GPR109A (PUMA-G/HM74A) mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing. J Clin Invest. 2005 Dec;115(12):3634-40. [PubMed:16322797 ]
  6. Wise A, Foord SM, Fraser NJ, Barnes AA, Elshourbagy N, Eilert M, Ignar DM, Murdock PR, Steplewski K, Green A, Brown AJ, Dowell SJ, Szekeres PG, Hassall DG, Marshall FH, Wilson S, Pike NB: Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 14;278(11):9869-74. Epub 2003 Jan 9. [PubMed:12522134 ]
Enzyme Details
5. G-protein coupled receptor 109A
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Acts as a high affinity receptor for both nicotinic acid (also known as niacin) and (D)-beta-hydroxybutyrate and mediates increased adiponectin secretion and decreased lipolysis through G(i)-protein-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. This pharmacological effect requires nicotinic acid doses that are much higher than those provided by a normal diet. Mediates nicotinic acid-induced apoptosis in mature neutrophils. Receptor activation by nicotinic acid results in reduced cAMP levels which may affect activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and phosphorylation of target proteins, leading to neutrophil apoptosis. The rank order of potency for the displacement of nicotinic acid binding is 5- methyl pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid = pyridine-3-acetic acid > acifran > 5-methyl nicotinic acid = acipimox >> nicotinuric acid = nicotinamide
Gene Name:
GPR109A
Uniprot ID:
Q8TDS4
Molecular weight:
41849.1
References
  1. Wise A, Foord SM, Fraser NJ, Barnes AA, Elshourbagy N, Eilert M, Ignar DM, Murdock PR, Steplewski K, Green A, Brown AJ, Dowell SJ, Szekeres PG, Hassall DG, Marshall FH, Wilson S, Pike NB: Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 14;278(11):9869-74. Epub 2003 Jan 9. [PubMed:12522134 ]
  2. Soga T, Kamohara M, Takasaki J, Matsumoto S, Saito T, Ohishi T, Hiyama H, Matsuo A, Matsushime H, Furuichi K: Molecular identification of nicotinic acid receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Mar 28;303(1):364-9. [PubMed:12646212 ]
  3. Zellner C, Pullinger CR, Aouizerat BE, Frost PH, Kwok PY, Malloy MJ, Kane JP: Variations in human HM74 (GPR109B) and HM74A (GPR109A) niacin receptors. Hum Mutat. 2005 Jan;25(1):18-21. [PubMed:15580557 ]
  4. Zhang Y, Schmidt RJ, Foxworthy P, Emkey R, Oler JK, Large TH, Wang H, Su EW, Mosior MK, Eacho PI, Cao G: Niacin mediates lipolysis in adipose tissue through its G-protein coupled receptor HM74A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Aug 26;334(2):729-32. [PubMed:16018973 ]
  5. Tunaru S, Lattig J, Kero J, Krause G, Offermanns S: Characterization of determinants of ligand binding to the nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (HM74A/PUMA-G). Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Nov;68(5):1271-80. Epub 2005 Aug 11. [PubMed:16099840 ]
Enzyme Details
6. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
General function:
Involved in purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity
Specific function:
The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta-(deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine bases and pentose-1-phosphate.
Gene Name:
PNP
Uniprot ID:
P00491
Molecular weight:
32117.69
Reactions
Nicotinic acid ribonucleoside + Phosphate → Nicotinic acid + Ribose 1-phosphate + Hydrogen Iondetails
Enzyme Details
7. Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase
General function:
Involved in nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the conversion of nicotinic acid (NA) to NA mononucleotide (NaMN). Essential for NA to increase cellular NAD levels and prevent oxidative stress of the cells.
Gene Name:
NAPRT1
Uniprot ID:
Q6XQN6
Molecular weight:
57577.575
Reactions
Nicotinic acid mononucleotide + Pyrophosphate → Nicotinic acid + Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphatedetails

Transporters

Enzyme Details
1. Monocarboxylate transporter 1
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate
Gene Name:
SLC16A1
Uniprot ID:
P53985
Molecular weight:
53957.7
References
  1. Tamai I, Sai Y, Ono A, Kido Y, Yabuuchi H, Takanaga H, Satoh E, Ogihara T, Amano O, Izeki S, Tsuji A: Immunohistochemical and functional characterization of pH-dependent intestinal absorption of weak organic acids by the monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT1. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;51(10):1113-21. [PubMed:10579682 ]
Enzyme Details
2. Solute carrier family 22 member 5
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Also relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11.3
Gene Name:
SLC22A5
Uniprot ID:
O76082
Molecular weight:
62751.1
References
  1. Ohashi R, Tamai I, Yabuuchi H, Nezu JI, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):778-84. [PubMed:10525100 ]
Enzyme Details
3. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost
Gene Name:
SLCO2B1
Uniprot ID:
O94956
Molecular weight:
76697.9
References
  1. Kobayashi D, Nozawa T, Imai K, Nezu J, Tsuji A, Tamai I: Involvement of human organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP-B (SLC21A9) in pH-dependent transport across intestinal apical membrane. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Aug;306(2):703-8. Epub 2003 Apr 30. [PubMed:12724351 ]