Record Information |
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Version | 5.0 |
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Status | Detected and Quantified |
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Creation Date | 2006-05-22 15:12:34 UTC |
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Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:32 UTC |
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HMDB ID | HMDB0003119 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Metabolite Identification |
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Common Name | Benzyl alcohol |
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Description | Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with Lidocaine injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring. Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. Benzyl alcohol is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body. Acceptable daily intakes were established by the World Health Organization at 5 mg/kg for Benzyl alcohol. No adverse effects of benzyl alcohol have been seen in chronic exposure animal studies using rats and mice. Effects of Benzyl Alcohol in chronic exposure animal studies are limited to reduced feed intake and reduced growth. Some differences have been noted in one reproductive toxicity study using mice, but these were limited to lower maternal body weights and decreased mean litter weights. Another study also noted that fetal weight was decreased compared to controls, but a third study showed no differences between control and benzyl alcohol-treated groups. Benzyl alcohol has been associated with an increased number of resorptions and malformations in hamsters, but there have been no reproductive or developmental toxicity findings in studies using mice and rats. Genotoxicity tests for benzyl alcohol are mostly negative, but there were some assays that were positive. Carcinogenicity studies, however, were negative. Clinical data indicates that benzyl alcohol can produce nonimmunologic contact urticaria and nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions, characterized by the appearance of wheals, erythema, and pruritis. 5% benzyl alcohol can elicit a reaction. Benzyl alcohol is not a sensitizer at 10%. Benzyl alcohol could be used safely at concentrations up to 5%, but that manufacturers should consider the nonimmunologic phenomena when using benzyl alcohol in cosmetic formulations designed for infants and children. Additionally, Benzyl alcohol is considered safe up to 10% for use in hair dyes. The limited body exposure, the duration of use, and the frequency of use are considered in concluding that the nonimmunologic reactions would not be a concern. Because of the wide variety of product types in which benzyl alcohol may be used, it is likely that inhalation may be a route of exposure. The available safety tests are not considered sufficient to support the safety of benzyl alcohol in formulations where inhalation is a route of exposure. Inhalation toxicity data are needed to complete the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol where inhalation can occur. (PMID:11766131 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H2 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(Hydroxymethyl)benzene | ChEBI | Alcoholum benzylicum | ChEBI | Alcool benzylique | ChEBI | alpha-Hydroxytoluene | ChEBI | alpha-Toluenol | ChEBI | Aromatic alcohol | ChEBI | Benzenecarbinol | ChEBI | Benzenemethanol | ChEBI | Benzylalkohol | ChEBI | Benzylic alcohol | ChEBI | Hydroxymethylbenzene | ChEBI | Phenylcarbinol | ChEBI | Phenylmethanol | ChEBI | Phenylmethyl alcohol | ChEBI | Ulesfia | Kegg | a-Hydroxytoluene | Generator | Α-hydroxytoluene | Generator | a-Toluenol | Generator | Α-toluenol | Generator | Alcohol, benzyl | MeSH | .alpha.-hydroxytoluene | HMDB | .alpha.-toluenol | HMDB | Aromatic primary alcohol | HMDB | Bentalol | HMDB | Benzal alcohol | HMDB | Benzenmethanol | HMDB | Benzoyl alcohol | HMDB | Benzyl alkohol | HMDB | Benzyl-alcohol | HMDB | BenzylAlcohol | HMDB | Benzylicum | HMDB | Caswell no. 081F | HMDB | Enzylalcohol | HMDB | Euxyl K 100 | HMDB | Hydroxytoluene | HMDB | Itch-X | HMDB | MBN | HMDB | Methanol benzene | HMDB | Phenolcarbinol | HMDB | Phenylcarbinolum | HMDB | Sunmorl BK 20 | HMDB | TB 13g | HMDB | Benzyl alcohol | HMDB | Benzylalcohol | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C7H8O |
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Average Molecular Weight | 108.1378 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 108.057514878 |
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IUPAC Name | phenylmethanol |
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Traditional Name | benzyl alcohol |
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CAS Registry Number | 100-51-6 |
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SMILES | OCC1=CC=CC=C1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H2 |
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InChI Key | WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzyl alcohols. These are organic compounds containing the phenylmethanol substructure. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Benzenoids |
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Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
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Sub Class | Benzyl alcohols |
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Direct Parent | Benzyl alcohols |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Benzyl alcohol
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aromatic alcohol
- Primary alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Not Available |
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Disposition | |
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Process | |
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Role | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Liquid |
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Experimental Molecular Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | -15.2 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | 205.00 to 206.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg | The Good Scents Company Information System | Water Solubility | 42.9 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | LogP | 1.10 | HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) |
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Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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Spectra |
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| GC-MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol GC-MS (1 TMS) | splash10-00ko-6900000000-a9d668ecd37a1579a6fe | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-056r-9400000000-77cec715500da9c57a84 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-056r-9400000000-8dc38068387df3fa06aa | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-056r-9300000000-fb124b56257906cce9f1 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-056r-9400000000-7a77e67486ae3b2dd855 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-056r-9400000000-dd0878988e7c2d9a5431 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) | splash10-00ko-6900000000-a9d668ecd37a1579a6fe | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-8900000000-c256b0b7a0755f08ac64 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-054o-9200000000-a9f7c0f39c81d478c0d4 | 2016-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00dl-9300000000-e1cfa5e819f61adf9df2 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-056r-9400000000-a8f1fd78fa3f8781f296 | 2015-03-01 | Not Available | View Spectrum |
MS/MS SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0a4i-9500000000-2a82c3dd7c6871f61c34 | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0006-9000000000-ad1762d5292c30b29bbd | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0006-9000000000-3c8d4c630cf42e3bfd3f | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol EI-B (HITACHI RMU-7M) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-056r-9400000000-c4dcb2148958f946cd01 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-056r-9400000000-e17e577dbe4546313a91 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol EI-B (JEOL JMS-01-SG-2) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-056r-9300000000-fb124b56257906cce9f1 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-056r-9400000000-47b3605316c57e02b84f | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol EI-B (HITACHI M-80B) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-056r-9400000000-dd0878988e7c2d9a5431 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol , positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-3900000000-4d1bf15f6cf8f65bf0a6 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 35V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-1900000000-866ce230a3fc1ead8353 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0900000000-3a71c23796a048eb999c | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-1900000000-40737e7bdf548d714249 | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0uxr-9100000000-23e82914cfa9372ecafc | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-1900000000-17f95f5a398b5850abb2 | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a6r-7900000000-733d283e0916e755a736 | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004i-9000000000-d0c6e5fc39516ee594b4 | 2015-05-27 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-d0618c117a092a2f7241 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-b65b57d5b2389beaf5f2 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00kf-9000000000-a2b78129c0731eee69f4 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004i-9200000000-72dc044d901c3dfcec51 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004i-9000000000-fc58e0949de9ca4842ff | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Benzyl alcohol 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004i-9000000000-fc58e0949de9ca4842ff | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Experimental 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR SpectraSpectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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Biological Properties |
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Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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Biospecimen Locations | - Blood
- Breath
- Feces
- Saliva
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | |
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Normal Concentrations |
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Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | Saliva | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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Blood | Detected and Quantified | 250 +/- 469.444 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Uremia | | details | Breath | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Asthma | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Campylobacter jejuni infection | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Clostridium difficile infection | | details | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Ulcerative Colitis | | details |
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Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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Disease References | Uremia |
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- Vanholder R, De Smet R, Glorieux G, Argiles A, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Clark W, Cohen G, De Deyn PP, Deppisch R, Descamps-Latscha B, Henle T, Jorres A, Lemke HD, Massy ZA, Passlick-Deetjen J, Rodriguez M, Stegmayr B, Stenvinkel P, Tetta C, Wanner C, Zidek W: Review on uremic toxins: classification, concentration, and interindividual variability. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1934-43. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00924.x. [PubMed:12675874 ]
| Asthma |
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- Ibrahim B, Basanta M, Cadden P, Singh D, Douce D, Woodcock A, Fowler SJ: Non-invasive phenotyping using exhaled volatile organic compounds in asthma. Thorax. 2011 Sep;66(9):804-9. doi: 10.1136/thx.2010.156695. Epub 2011 Jul 11. [PubMed:21749985 ]
| Ulcerative colitis |
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- Garner CE, Smith S, de Lacy Costello B, White P, Spencer R, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM: Volatile organic compounds from feces and their potential for diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease. FASEB J. 2007 Jun;21(8):1675-88. Epub 2007 Feb 21. [PubMed:17314143 ]
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Associated OMIM IDs | |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | DB06770 |
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Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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FooDB ID | FDB008745 |
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KNApSAcK ID | C00029811 |
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Chemspider ID | 13860335 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C03485 |
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BioCyc ID | BENZYL-ALCOHOL |
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BiGG ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Benzyl_Alcohol |
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METLIN ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound | 244 |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 17987 |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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Good Scents ID | rw1001651 |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Xu, Hua-Long; Huang, Jing-Jing; Yang, Xin-Yan; Du, Jun-Ming; Shen, Jiang; Shen, Wei. Consecutive hydrogenation of methyl benzoate to non-chloride benzyl alcohol over K-MnO/g-Al2O3 and Cu/SiO2 catalysts. Huaxue Xuebao (2006), 64(16), 1615-1621. |
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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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