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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-11-30 19:02:45 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0004890
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB04890
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGanglioside GA2 (d18:1/16:0)
DescriptionGanglioside GA2 (d18:1/16:0) is a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide)or oligoglycosylceramide with one or more sialic acids (i.e. n-acetylneuraminic acid) linked on the sugar chain. It is a component the cell plasma membrane which modulates cell signal transduction events. Gangliosides have been found to be highly important in immunology. Ganglioside GA2 carries a net-negative charge at pH 7.0 and is acidic. Gangliosides can amount to 6% of the weight of lipids from brain, but they are found at low levels in all animal tissues. Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids. There are four types of glycosphingolipids, the cerebrosides, sulfatides, globosides and gangliosides. Gangliosides are very similar to globosides except that they also contain N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) in varying amounts. The specific names for the gangliosides provide information about their structure. The letter G refers to ganglioside, and the subscripts M, D, T and Q indicate that the molecule contains mono-, di-, tri and quatra-sialic acid. The numbered subscripts 1, 2 and 3 refer to the carbohydrate sequence that is attached to the ceramide. In particular, 1 stands for GalGalNAcGalGlc-ceramide, 2 stands for GalNAcGalGlc-ceramide and 3 stands for GalGlc-ceramide. Deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes that degrade the carbohydrate portions of various gangliosides are responsible for a number of lysosomal storage diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and GM1 gangliosidosis. The carbohydrate portion of the ganglioside GM1 is the site of attachment of cholera toxin, the protein secreted by Vibrio cholerae.
Structure
Data?1582752323
Synonyms
ValueSource
asialo GM2HMDB
BissulfogangliotetraosylceramideHMDB
g(a2) GangliosideHMDB
GA2HMDB
GA2 gangliosideHMDB
GalNAc-beta1->4gal-beta1->4GLC-beta1->1'cerHMDB
ganglio-N-TriaosylceramideHMDB
GangliotriosylceramideHMDB
Glycolipid gHMDB
N-[(2S,3R,4E)-1-{[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl]hexadecanimidateGenerator, HMDB
Chemical FormulaC54H100N2O18
Average Molecular Weight1065.3744
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight1064.697114406
IUPAC NameN-[(2S,3R,4E)-1-{[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl]hexadecanamide
Traditional NameN-[(2S,3R,4E)-1-{[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl]hexadecanamide
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3NC(C)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)C1O)[C@H](O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCCC
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C54H100N2O18/c1-4-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-20-22-24-26-28-30-38(61)37(56-42(62)31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9-7-5-2)35-69-53-48(67)46(65)51(40(33-58)71-53)74-54-49(68)47(66)50(41(34-59)72-54)73-52-43(55-36(3)60)45(64)44(63)39(32-57)70-52/h28,30,37-41,43-54,57-59,61,63-68H,4-27,29,31-35H2,1-3H3,(H,55,60)(H,56,62)/b30-28+/t37-,38+,39+,40+,41+,43+,44-,45+,46+,47+,48?,49+,50-,51+,52-,53+,54-/m0/s1
InChI KeyFYUKXZXCRJNQJV-CITTUYONSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as galnacb1-4galb1-4glc- (ganglio series). These are neutral glycosphingolipids in which the root sequence is GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glc.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSphingolipids
Sub ClassGlycosphingolipids
Direct ParentGalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glc- (Ganglio series)
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Galnacb1-4galb1-4glcb-cer_backbone
  • Glycosyl-n-acylsphingosine
  • Oligosaccharide
  • Fatty acyl glycoside
  • N-acyl-alpha-hexosamine
  • Alkyl glycoside
  • Glycosyl compound
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Fatty amide
  • N-acyl-amine
  • Fatty acyl
  • Oxane
  • Acetamide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Acetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Primary alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0Not Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.024 g/LALOGPS
logP4.65ALOGPS
logP5.26ChemAxon
logS-4.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.7ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.5ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count18ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count12ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area315.88 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count40ChemAxon
Refractivity274.12 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability123.25 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+310.40330932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-308.7530932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-342.96930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+316.5630932474
AllCCS[M+H]+317.832859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+318.132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+317.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+317.332859911
AllCCS[M-H]-377.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-383.432859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-389.532859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Not Available
Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ganglioside GA2 (d18:1/16:0) 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0uxr-9252050000-607e08e0e69acfc27f322021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ganglioside GA2 (d18:1/16:0) 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00si-4498032010-84600e281651eaedc2952021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ganglioside GA2 (d18:1/16:0) 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0ue9-3491010000-455364c84e732d15e38e2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ganglioside GA2 (d18:1/16:0) 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-9000000000-f5d446fa8f25c03ebe0a2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ganglioside GA2 (d18:1/16:0) 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-9337044064-b0961a3dcf318c81d1b02021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Ganglioside GA2 (d18:1/16:0) 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0pvs-4593402001-5f7a6e1673e84893d6002021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Brain
  • Neuron
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID17216282
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound22833615
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Denny CA, Kasperzyk JL, Gorham KN, Bronson RT, Seyfried TN: Influence of caloric restriction on motor behavior, longevity, and brain lipid composition in Sandhoff disease mice. J Neurosci Res. 2006 May 1;83(6):1028-38. [PubMed:16521125 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in exo-alpha-sialidase activity
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes sialylated compounds.
Gene Name:
NEU2
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y3R4
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in exo-alpha-sialidase activity
Specific function:
May function in lysosomal catabolism of sialylated glycoconjugates. Has sialidase activity towards synthetic substrates, such as 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid (4-MU-NANA or 4MU-NeuAc). Has a broad substrate specificity being active on glycoproteins, oligosaccharides and sialylated glycolipids.
Gene Name:
NEU4
Uniprot ID:
Q8WWR8
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
LPH splits lactose in the small intestine.
Gene Name:
LCT
Uniprot ID:
P09848
Molecular weight:
218584.77
General function:
Involved in sialyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the formation of ganglioside GM3 (alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1, 4-beta-D-glucosylceramide).
Gene Name:
ST3GAL5
Uniprot ID:
Q9UNP4
Molecular weight:
45584.69
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Cleaves beta-linked terminal galactosyl residues from gangliosides, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans. Isoform 2 has no beta-galactosidase catalytic activity, but plays functional roles in the formation of extracellular elastic fibers (elastogenesis) and in the development of connective tissue. Seems to be identical to the elastin-binding protein (EBP), a major component of the non-integrin cell surface receptor expressed on fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, chondroblasts, leukocytes, and certain cancer cell types. In elastin producing cells, associates with tropoelastin intracellularly and functions as a recycling molecular chaperone which facilitates the secretions of tropoelastin and its assembly into elastic fibers.
Gene Name:
GLB1
Uniprot ID:
P16278
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the degradation of GM2 gangliosides, and a variety of other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines, in the brain and other tissues.
Gene Name:
HEXB
Uniprot ID:
P07686
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the degradation of GM2 gangliosides, and a variety of other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines, in the brain and other tissues. The form B is active against certain oligosaccharides. The form S has no measurable activity.
Gene Name:
HEXA
Uniprot ID:
P06865
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
Involved in the biosynthesis of gangliosides GM2, GD2 and GA2.
Gene Name:
B4GALNT1
Uniprot ID:
Q00973
Molecular weight:
58881.78
General function:
Involved in sphingolipid activator protein activity
Specific function:
Binds gangliosides and stimulates ganglioside GM2 degradation. It stimulates only the breakdown of ganglioside GM2 and glycolipid GA2 by beta-hexosaminidase A. It extracts single GM2 molecules from membranes and presents them in soluble form to beta-hexosaminidase A for cleavage of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and conversion to GM3
Gene Name:
GM2A
Uniprot ID:
P17900
Molecular weight:
20838.1
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
NEU1
Uniprot ID:
Q5JQI0
Molecular weight:
45467.0