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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2007-01-22 23:21:34 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:17:08 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0005812
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0005804
  • HMDB05804
  • HMDB05812
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGeraniol
DescriptionGeraniol, also known as beta-Geraniol, (E)-nerol (the isomer of nerol) or geranyl alcohol, is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. In plants, the biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522  ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. beta-Geraniol is an isoprenoid lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. beta-Geraniol has a sweet, citrus, and floral taste. beta-Geraniol is found in highest concentrations in common grapes, black walnuts, and common thymes and in lower concentrations in cardamoms, common oregano, and gingers. beta-Geraniol has also been detected in lemon verbena, oval-leaf huckleberries, common pea, sweet cherries, and nopals. It is found as an alcohol and as its ester in many essential oils including geranium oil. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type) and occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Because it has a rose-like odor, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used to create flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. An alternate application has been found in the use of insect repellents or deterrants. Though it may repel mosquitoes, flies, lice, cockroaches, ants, and ticks, it is also produced by the scent glands of honey bees to help them mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives (http//doi:10.1051/apido:19900403). Extensive testing by Dr. Jerry Butler at the University of Florida has shown geraniol to be one of nature's most effective insect repellents (PMID:20836800 ).
Structure
Data?1676999828
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-olChEBI
(Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-olChEBI
(Z)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-olChEBI
(Z)-GeraniolChEBI
2-cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-olChEBI
cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-olChEBI
cis-GeraniolChEBI
Neryl alcoholChEBI
Geraniol, (e)-isomerMeSH
Geraniol, (Z)-isomerMeSH
Geraniol, 1-(14)C-labeled, (e)-isomerMeSH
Geraniol, 2-(14)C-labeled, (e)-isomerMeSH
Geraniol, titanium (4+) saltMeSH
(2E)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-olHMDB
(2Z)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-olHMDB
(cis)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-olHMDB
(e)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-olHMDB
(e)3,7-Dimethyl-octadien-1-olHMDB
(Z)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-olHMDB
2,6-Dimethyl-trans-2,6-octadien-8-olHMDB
2-trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-olHMDB
2-trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1-olHMDB
2E-GeraniolHMDB
3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-olHMDB
3,7-Dimethyl-octane-1-ol tetrahydro derivativeHMDB
3,7-Dimethyl-trans-2, 6-octadien-1-olHMDB
3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-olHMDB
beta-GeraniolHMDB
Geraniol (natural)HMDB
Geraniol alcoholHMDB
Geranyl alcoholHMDB
GuaniolHMDB
LemonolHMDB
NerolHMDB
Nerol (natural)HMDB
Nerolidyl diphosphateHMDB
trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-olHMDB
trans-GeraniolHMDB
VernolHMDB
GeraniolMeSH
(Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienolPhytoBank
(Z)-3,7-Dimethyloct-2,6-diene-1-olPhytoBank
(Z)-NerolPhytoBank
3,7-Dimethyl-cis-2,6-octadien-1-olPhytoBank
cis-1-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienePhytoBank
beta-NerolPhytoBank
β-NerolPhytoBank
Chemical FormulaC10H18O
Average Molecular Weight154.253
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight154.1357652
IUPAC Name(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol
Traditional Namenerol
CAS Registry Number106-25-2
SMILES
CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CO
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,7,11H,4,6,8H2,1-3H3/b10-7-
InChI KeyGLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassMonoterpenoids
Direct ParentAcyclic monoterpenoids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Acyclic monoterpenoid
  • Fatty alcohol
  • Fatty acyl
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point< -15 °CNot Available
Boiling Point103.00 to 105.00 °C. @ 9.00 mm HgThe Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility0.53 mg/mL at 25 °CNot Available
LogP3.47GRIFFIN,S ET AL. (1999)
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.37 g/LALOGPS
logP2.89ALOGPS
logP2.5ChemAxon
logS-2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)16.33ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.2ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area20.23 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity51.18 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability19.29 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+138.57231661259
DarkChem[M-H]-132.30831661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+140.66730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-137.87530932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-174.44630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+149.85630932474
AllCCS[M+H]+136.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+132.732859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+140.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+141.632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-137.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-139.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-142.032859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
GeraniolCC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CO1835.5Standard polar33892256
GeraniolCC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CO1226.4Standard non polar33892256
GeraniolCC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CO1249.8Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Geraniol,1TMS,isomer #1CC(C)=CCC/C(C)=C\CO[Si](C)(C)C1341.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Geraniol,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)=CCC/C(C)=C\CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C1559.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-014l-9000000000-8132ea67e057a3dd9c802017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-014l-9100000000-a5bdece739d0cb5bf6292017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-015c-9200000000-eea073073c86ea4d9a382017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0006-9000000000-0625da1bcd5a7d1938a62017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-014l-9000000000-41e0055b618413366b812017-09-12HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-014l-9000000000-8132ea67e057a3dd9c802018-05-18HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-014l-9100000000-a5bdece739d0cb5bf6292018-05-18HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-015c-9200000000-eea073073c86ea4d9a382018-05-18HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0006-9000000000-0625da1bcd5a7d1938a62018-05-18HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-014l-9000000000-41e0055b618413366b812018-05-18HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Experimental GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol GC-EI-Q (Non-derivatized)splash10-014l-9000000000-2ab93357dd27a7c07eb72020-07-08HMDB team, MONA, MassBankView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-014u-9300000000-c85bc4c928fbf7d824e82016-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-030c-9520000000-69b7fbbb25764f7b612e2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-001r-9600000000-69c0de28e07b8b530c9a2012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-001i-9100000000-0ee3622152359826448f2012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-003r-9000000000-d5bb693fadd752735f312012-07-25HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-014l-9000000000-8132ea67e057a3dd9c802012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-014l-9100000000-a5bdece739d0cb5bf6292012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-015c-9200000000-eea073073c86ea4d9a382012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (SHIMADZU QP-1000) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-0625da1bcd5a7d1938a62012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (HITACHI M-80B) , Positive-QTOFsplash10-014l-9000000000-7b5a5cfbbe0b42fdd23e2012-08-31HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol n/a 10V, negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-73a127efb4137eb425802020-07-21HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4r-1900000000-3d437630e5bec67a7e072016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052r-8900000000-0e505c85cec6344cab5c2016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0gb9-9100000000-c7400df359a9559bd5942016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-113756054eed13d33ee42016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0fk9-0900000000-dea43b41c5b791cef9d22016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0aou-9800000000-c028a2bd6550260942512016-09-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00lr-9100000000-6e205fbbb6213cf2eb8c2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-a55b9b951ba285782da92021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00kf-9000000000-29f4b3188008e31f7b9f2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0900000000-d3a143bdeacdf3ef0e942021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0900000000-f29389e574ed8f84a6832021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-9100000000-1a426588f258e723527c2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)2021-10-10Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)2021-10-10Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)2021-10-10Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Feces
  • Saliva
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothNormal details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothImmunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) non progressor details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothImmunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) progressor details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)Bothautism details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedChildren (1-13 years old)BothPervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Autism
  1. De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
  1. De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB014945
KNApSAcK IDC00000855
Chemspider ID558917
KEGG Compound IDC09871
BioCyc IDCPD-7978
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNerol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound643820
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID29452
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1008952
References
Synthesis ReferenceVerley, A. Nerol. (1919), GB 127575 19190521 CAN 13:12091 AN 1919:12091
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. McGarvey DJ, Croteau R: Terpenoid metabolism. Plant Cell. 1995 Jul;7(7):1015-26. doi: 10.1105/tpc.7.7.1015. [PubMed:7640522 ]
  2. Muller GC, Junnila A, Butler J, Kravchenko VD, Revay EE, Weiss RW, Schlein Y: Efficacy of the botanical repellents geraniol, linalool, and citronella against mosquitoes. J Vector Ecol. 2009 Jun;34(1):2-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00002.x. [PubMed:20836800 ]