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Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:00:14 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:20:33 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0013856
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB13856
Metabolite Identification
Common Name4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide
Description4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide is a primary activation metabolite of cyclophosphamide and of mafosfamide (an experimental drug) after they partially metabolized by cytochrome P450 (PMID: 12021633 ). Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapeutic used to suppress the immune system and to treat several cancers including lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and small cell lung cancer. After cyclphosphamide is converted to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide it is then partially tautomerized into aldophosphamide, which easily enters live cells whereupon it is partially detoxified into inactive carboxycyclophosphamide by the enzyme ALDH. 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide is also an intermediate metabolite in the formation of phosphoramide mustard, the active metabolite, and acrolein, the metabolite responsible for much of the toxicity associated with cyclophosphamides (PMID: 7059981 ). 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide is not cytotoxic at physiologic pH, readily diffuses into cells and spontaneously decomposes into the active phosphoramide mustard. In human liver microsomes, 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide formation correlates with known phenotypic markers of CYP2B6 activity, specifically formation of (S)-2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl pyrrolidine and hydroxybupropion. In addition, it is reported that the CYP2B6 genotype is not consistently related to 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide formation in vitro or in vivo (PMID: 21976622 ). 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide is only found in individuals who have consumed the drug cyclophosphamide.
Structure
Data?1582753148
Synonyms
ValueSource
Tetrahydro-2-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-4-ol 2-oxideChEBI
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide, (cis)-isomerHMDB
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide, (trans)-isomerHMDB
Chemical FormulaC7H15Cl2N2O3P
Average Molecular Weight277.085
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight276.019734282
IUPAC Name2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-4-hydroxy-1,3,2λ⁵-oxazaphosphinan-2-one
Traditional Name4-hydroxycyclophosphamide
CAS Registry Number40277-05-2
SMILES
OC1CCOP(=O)(N1)N(CCCl)CCCl
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C7H15Cl2N2O3P/c8-2-4-11(5-3-9)15(13)10-7(12)1-6-14-15/h7,12H,1-6H2,(H,10,13)
InChI KeyRANONBLIHMVXAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nitrogen mustard compounds. Nitrogen mustard compounds are compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic nitrogen compounds
ClassOrganonitrogen compounds
Sub ClassNitrogen mustard compounds
Direct ParentNitrogen mustard compounds
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Nitrogen mustard
  • Phosphoric monoester diamide
  • Organic phosphoric acid derivative
  • Oxazaphosphinane
  • Organic phosphoric acid amide
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Alkanolamine
  • Oxacycle
  • Alkyl chloride
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Alkyl halide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility22.5 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.02ALOGPS
logP-0.057ChemAxon
logS-1.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.68ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)0.0052ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area61.8 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity59.09 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability24.57 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+151.33730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-148.97930932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-183.89830932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+158.49830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+155.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+152.432859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+158.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+159.732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-152.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-153.232859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-154.332859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
4-HydroxycyclophosphamideOC1CCOP(=O)(N1)N(CCCl)CCCl3050.5Standard polar33892256
4-HydroxycyclophosphamideOC1CCOP(=O)(N1)N(CCCl)CCCl2041.6Standard non polar33892256
4-HydroxycyclophosphamideOC1CCOP(=O)(N1)N(CCCl)CCCl2174.1Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC1CCOP(=O)(N(CCCl)CCCl)N12109.0Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N1C(O)CCOP1(=O)N(CCCl)CCCl2151.1Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC1CCOP(=O)(N(CCCl)CCCl)N1[Si](C)(C)C2175.2Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC1CCOP(=O)(N(CCCl)CCCl)N1[Si](C)(C)C2098.7Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC1CCOP(=O)(N(CCCl)CCCl)N1[Si](C)(C)C2676.9Standard polar33892256
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1CCOP(=O)(N(CCCl)CCCl)N12348.0Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(O)CCOP1(=O)N(CCCl)CCCl2408.6Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1CCOP(=O)(N(CCCl)CCCl)N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2598.3Semi standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1CCOP(=O)(N(CCCl)CCCl)N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2529.5Standard non polar33892256
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1CCOP(=O)(N(CCCl)CCCl)N1[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2844.2Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-02bu-5890000000-a427d5c4bf9209482b432017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-05g1-7392000000-4b076778aadb22b57ed12017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a6r-8290000000-b01da8a61b60048b29f72016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-002f-9800000000-70f292b6f3c854cf93a22016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a6u-9000000000-c8f75a918284b672a0622016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03fr-1790000000-e9e004489e6cc1b1144d2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-9b317f1b0c85a67d882e2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0007-9000000000-21ced355676eb4ed7c492016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-0090000000-6c1af332aad878673a4b2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-1290000000-097d11cc59c075d92e8e2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01u0-9100000000-358d49458e7399802e5d2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0090000000-312fa45820b98bd8a8092021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-3790000000-737d73cd2cdf34a3c57e2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-9520000000-a847f1236ae0f8522c8a2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
  • Liver
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDC07643
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia Link4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound99735
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID1864
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Griskevicius L, Meurling L, Hassan M: Simple method based on fluorescent detection for the determination of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide in plasma. Ther Drug Monit. 2002 Jun;24(3):405-9. doi: 10.1097/00007691-200206000-00013. [PubMed:12021633 ]
  2. Low JE, Borch RF, Sladek NE: Conversion of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide to phosphoramide mustard and acrolein mediated by bifunctional catalysis. Cancer Res. 1982 Mar;42(3):830-7. [PubMed:7059981 ]
  3. Raccor BS, Claessens AJ, Dinh JC, Park JR, Hawkins DS, Thomas SS, Makar KW, McCune JS, Totah RA: Potential contribution of cytochrome P450 2B6 to hepatic 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide formation in vitro and in vivo. Drug Metab Dispos. 2012 Jan;40(1):54-63. doi: 10.1124/dmd.111.039347. Epub 2011 Oct 5. [PubMed:21976622 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  2. Preiss R, Schmidt R, Baumann F, Hanschmann H, Hauss J, Geissler F, Pahlig H, Ratzewiss B: Measurement of 4-hydroxylation of ifosfamide in human liver microsomes using the estimation of free and protein-bound acrolein and codetermination of keto- and carboxyifosfamide. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2002 Jul;128(7):385-92. Epub 2002 Jun 11. [PubMed:12136253 ]
  3. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
Gene Name:
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID:
P33261
Molecular weight:
55944.565
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Molecular weight:
55768.94
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP2C18
Uniprot ID:
P33260
Molecular weight:
55710.075
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.
Gene Name:
CYP2B6
Uniprot ID:
P20813
Molecular weight:
56277.81
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  2. Preiss R, Schmidt R, Baumann F, Hanschmann H, Hauss J, Geissler F, Pahlig H, Ratzewiss B: Measurement of 4-hydroxylation of ifosfamide in human liver microsomes using the estimation of free and protein-bound acrolein and codetermination of keto- and carboxyifosfamide. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2002 Jul;128(7):385-92. Epub 2002 Jun 11. [PubMed:12136253 ]
  3. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A7
Uniprot ID:
P24462
Molecular weight:
57525.03
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol).
Gene Name:
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID:
P10632
Molecular weight:
55824.275
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. Possesses low phenacetin O-deethylation activity.
Gene Name:
CYP2A6
Uniprot ID:
P11509
Molecular weight:
56517.005
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Wang E, Lew K, Barecki M, Casciano CN, Clement RP, Johnson WW: Quantitative distinctions of active site molecular recognition by P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A4. Chem Res Toxicol. 2001 Dec;14(12):1596-603. [PubMed:11743742 ]